11 results
Search Results
2. Is It Hop? Identifying Hop Fibres in a European Historical Context.
- Author
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Lukešová, H., Andersen, H. L., Kolínová, M., and Holst, B.
- Subjects
- *
COTTON , *HOPS - Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulusL.) is an ancient perennial crop plant, native to the Northern Hemisphere. The archaeological evidence dates back to at least the sixth century ad in Europe. Hop has been used for beer brewing, in sleeping draughts, as bedding and for antibacterial purposes. Less known is that hop fibres have also been used for textiles and paper. However, it is difficult to distinguish hop from other bast fibres. Here, we present a set of fibre features, which, when found together in an archaeological/historical material within a European context, provide a strong indication that the fibres are hop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Microscopic characterization of acidic paper manuscripts.
- Author
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Hamed, Safa Abd El kader Mohamed and Ali Hassan, Rushdya Rabee
- Subjects
- *
ACIDITY , *PAPER , *MANUSCRIPTS , *BIODEGRADATION , *X-ray diffraction , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy , *FLAX - Abstract
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of acidity on the morphology of archeological paper, especially in the presence of colors and whether natural pigments play a role in the process of degradation.Design/methodology/approach The morphological changes in the cellulosic fibers of the manuscripts because of acidity were investigated using environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Ten historical samples were collected from different manuscripts suffering from acidity. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the inks and pigments that were used in some samples. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared microscopy was used to identify the binding medium.Findings The results confirmed that carbon ink, ultramarine, cinnabar and gold pigments were applied to some manuscripts with Arabic gum. As for ESEM investigation, the results proved that acidity badly affected the integrity of the cellulosic fibers resulting in their embrittlement. The micrographs showed differences in fiber degradation according to pH value. The presence of inks and pigments increased the degradation extent resulting from acidity.Originality/value This paper addresses a specific need to study the behavior of degradation in paper manuscripts, thus helping the conservators find solutions to the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Returning to Nature for the Design of Sorptive Phases in Solid-Phase Microextraction
- Author
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Gabriela Mafra, María Teresa García-Valverde, Jaime Millán-Santiago, Eduardo Carasek, Rafael Lucena, and Soledad Cárdenas
- Subjects
green chemistry ,circular economy ,natural products ,sorbents ,cork ,cotton ,pollen ,seeds ,paper ,wood ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Green analytical chemistry principles aim to minimize the negative impact of analytical procedures in the environment, which can be considered both at close (to ensure the safety of the analysts) and global (to conserve our natural resources) levels. These principles suggest, among other guidelines, the reduction/minimization of the sample treatment and the use of renewable sources when possible. The first aspect is largely fulfilled by microextraction, which is considered to be among the greenest sample treatment techniques. The second consideration is attainable if natural products are used as raw materials for the preparation of new extraction phases. This strategy is in line with the change in our production system, which is being gradually moved from a linear model (take−make−dispose) to a circular one (including reusing and recycling as key terms). This article reviews the potential of natural products as sorbents in extraction and microextraction techniques from the synergic perspectives of two research groups working on the topic. The article covers the use of unmodified natural materials and the modified ones (although the latter has a less green character) to draw a general picture of the usefulness of the materials.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Direct catalytic production of sorbitol from waste cellulosic materials.
- Author
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Ribeiro, Lucília Sousa, Órfão, José J. de Melo, and Pereira, Manuel Fernando Ribeiro
- Subjects
- *
SORBITOL , *WASTE products , *CATALYSIS synthesis , *BIOMASS conversion , *CARBON nanotubes , *COTTON textiles ,CELLULOSE microbiology - Abstract
Cotton wool, cotton textile, tissue paper and printing paper, all potential waste cellulosic materials, were directly converted to sorbitol using a Ru/CNT catalyst in the presence of H 2 and using only water as solvent, without any acids. Conversions up to 38% were attained for the raw substrates, with sorbitol yields below 10%. Ball-milling of the materials disrupted their crystallinity, allowing reaching 100% conversion of cotton wool, cotton textile and tissue paper after 4 h, with sorbitol yields around 50%. Mix-milling these materials with the catalyst greatly enhanced their conversion rate, and the materials were efficiently converted to sorbitol with a yield around 50% in 2 h. However, ball- and mix-milled printing paper presented a conversion of only 50% after 5 h, with sorbitol yields of 7%. Amounts of sorbitol of 0.525, 0.511 and 0.559 g could be obtained from 1 g of cotton wool, cotton textile and tissue paper, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Mechanical-Property-Based Comparison of Paper Yarn with Cotton, Viscose, and Polyester Yarns
- Author
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Joel Peterson, Josefine Hjelm, Hideaki Morikawa, and Alexandra Eckard
- Subjects
Paper ,Materials science ,Textile and clothings ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Polyesters ,textile materials ,knitting ,Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials ,02 engineering and technology ,Cotton ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Commercial crops ,Garment industry ,Toxic pesticides ,Yarn ,Viscose ,Textile fabric ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Mechanical property ,Textil-, gummi- och polymermaterial ,Toxic materials ,Textiles ,Wool ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Knitted structures ,testing ,Polyester ,tensile strength ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Paper yarn ,0210 nano-technology ,Tensile testing ,pilling ,Hemp ,Textile industry - Abstract
Cotton and oil-based fibre consumption is highly problematic because the growth of these materials often requires fertilisers and toxic pesticides. Less environmentally damaging alternative fibres are urgently required. This study investigates Manila-hemp paper-yarn textile fabrics. Manila-hemp (abacá) is a species of banana grown as a commercial crop in the Philippines, Ecuador, and Costa Rica. Knitted structures of paper, cotton, viscose, and polyester yarns are tested and compared. Tensile strength tests are also performed. Paper yarn shows low shrinkage and no pilling, which are excellent characteristics for use in the textile and clothing industries. However, its poor handleability/knittability, high stiffness, and hard grip must be resolved for the widespread application of paper yarn in the textile industry in the future.
- Published
- 2021
7. Certain Properties of Cotton Paper with the Addition of Nanofibers in the Form of PLA/PHB Composite.
- Author
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Modzelewska, Izabela, Patelski, Emil, and Tyrolczyk, Emil
- Subjects
- *
COTTON paper , *POLYLACTIC acid , *NANOFIBERS , *POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE , *RESEARCH - Abstract
The purpose of the research was to produce nanofiber-modified paper with enhanced strength. The materials used in the research were cotton-comber pulp and a composite of PLA (polylactic acid) and PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) nanofibers. Two sets of test sheets were formed: from the pure cotton-comber pulp and from the cotton-comber pulp with 5.5% of ground nanofibers. A range of strength tests showed a significant strength improvement (an increase in breaking length of 17%). The thesis was confirmed and the results encourage further research into the subject matter of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Recent advances in thread-based microfluidics for diagnostic applications
- Author
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Qian Guo, Hai Jiang, Bei Peng, Xuan Weng, and Yuejun Kang
- Subjects
Paper ,Computer science ,Point-of-Care Systems ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Thread-based microfluidics ,02 engineering and technology ,Thread (computing) ,Biosensing Techniques ,Cotton ,Diagnostic system ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Electrochemistry ,Animals ,Humans ,Cotton Fiber ,Cellulose ,Gossypium ,Colorimetric ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Electrochemical ,General Medicine ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Point-of-care ,Systems engineering ,Colorimetry ,0210 nano-technology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Over the past decades, researchers have been seeking attractive substrate materials to keep microfluidics improving to outbalance the drawbacks and issues. Cellulose substrates, including thread, paper and hydrogels are alternatives due to their distinct structural and mechanical properties for a number of applications. Thread have gained considerable attention and become promising powerful tool due to its advantages over paper-based systems thus finds numerous applications in the development of diagnostic systems, smart bandages and tissue engineering. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive review articles on the topic of thread-based microfluidics have been published and it is of significance for many scientific communities working on Microfluidics, Biosensors and Lab-on-Chip. This review gives an overview of the advances of thread-based microfluidic diagnostic devices in a variety of applications. It begins with an overall introduction of the fabrication followed by an in-depth review on the detection techniques in such devices and various applications with respect to effort and performance to date. A few perspective directions of thread-based microfluidics in its development are also discussed. Thread-based microfluidics are still at an early development stage and further improvements in terms of fabrication, analytical strategies, and function to become low-cost, low-volume and easy-to-use point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices that can be adapted or commercialized for real world applications., Highlights • Thread microfluidics is a powerful tool in making diagnostic systems. • This review focus on the advances of thread-based microfluidic diagnostic devices. • Thread microfluidic devices have numerous advantages over traditional and paper-based microfluidics. • A perspective on the future trends for the thread microfluidics is also given.
- Published
- 2019
9. Printing with Natural Dye Extracted from Impatiens glandulifera Royle.
- Author
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Klančnik, Maja
- Subjects
NATURAL dyes & dyeing ,IMPATIENS ,INTRODUCED plants ,JAPANESE knotweed ,COLORIMETRY ,INVASIVE plants ,COTTON - Abstract
Invasive alien plants that damagingly overgrow native ecosystems can be beneficially used to produce natural dyes. Natural dyes are healthier and more environmentally friendly than synthetic dyes, so their use on textiles and other products that come into contact with humans is desirable. In this study, the possibility of using a natural dye extracted from the purple petals of the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Himalayan balsam) for screen printing on various substrates; woven fabrics and different papers made from virgin fibers, recycled fibers, and from fibers of Japanese knotweed, was investigated. The prints were evaluated by color measurements and fastness properties. With the violet dye extract, purple-brown prints were obtained on papers made from Japanese knotweed, and more brown prints on other substrates. They had excellent rub fastness but faded significantly when exposed to light. The wash fastness of the prints on cotton fabrics was moderate and poor on polyester fabrics, but the prints had good resistance to wet ironing. The addition of acid to the printing paste resulted in a lighter violet color, the addition of alkali caused a drastic color change to green, both additives increased the light fastness of the prints but reduced the fastness on fabrics to wet treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Cellulose before CELL: Historical themes.
- Author
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Patterson, Gary
- Subjects
- *
TEXTILE fibers , *TWENTIETH century , *CELLULOSE , *FOREST products , *CELLS - Abstract
In 2020 the Cellulose and Renewable Materials Division (CELL) of the American Chemical (ACS) society celebrates its 100th anniversary. The following paper is based on a chapter from the book commissioned by the Division (Patterson, 2021). CELL is one of the most successful and dynamic Divisions in the ACS. It has evolved throughout its history to remain relevant and productive. One of its strengths is its diversity, while staying true to its founding vision. This perspective was present at its founding, and the following paper surveys the world of cellulose and renewable materials from the dawn of history to 1920. CELL has both industrial and scientific roots and has always welcomed the full range of participants from these communities. Rather than operating as separate tribes, the two groups have fostered innovations in each other. Many aspects of cellulose science and technology are discussed from antiquity to the early 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Thermal degradation of cellulose and cellulosic substrates
- Author
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Giulio Malucelli and Jenny Alongi
- Subjects
Reaction mechanism ,TGA ,Materials science ,Volatilisation ,paper ,cotton ,cellulose ,Thermogravimetry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Cellulosic ethanol ,thermal degradation ,Char ,Charring ,Cellulose ,Composite material ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
This chapter is aimed to thoroughly describe the thermal degradation of cellulose and cellulosic substrates (like cotton and paper), investigating the involved reaction mechanisms. After a brief introduction about the real reasons that motivated the study on cellulose degradation, a first general introduction on cellulose thermal degradation (namely, pyrolysis) and thermooxidation will be presented, followed by a detailed description of the related mechanisms with particular attention to the main degradation products consisting of volatile species and char (carbonaceous residue). To this aim, some of the most important factors affecting the volatilisation and charring balance (i.e. heating rate, presence of humidity, metals and flame retardants) are considered and thoroughly discussed in order to provide a complete scenario about the cellulose degradation phenomenon
- Published
- 2015
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