1. Occurrence, distribution, source, and influencing factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins in Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China.
- Author
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He, Xiuping, Chen, Junhui, Wu, Danni, Wang, Jiuming, Xin, Ming, Liu, Lijun, Sun, Ping, and Wang, Baodong
- Subjects
ALGAL toxins ,MARINE toxins ,CYANOBACTERIAL toxins ,BACTERIAL toxins ,BAYS ,SEAS ,TOXINS ,SEAWATER - Abstract
The composition, distribution, origin, and influencing factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) in surface seawater and phytoplankton in Laizhou Bay, China, were comprehensively investigated for the first time. Okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2), and pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX2 SA) were discovered in surface seawater, whereas PTX2, OA, 7-epi-PTX-2 SA, DTX1, PTX2 SA, PTX11, and DTX2 were found in phytoplankton in a decreasing concentration order. ∑LMAT concentrations in seawater and phytoplankton were 1.08–35.66 ng/L (mean: 7.31 ng/L) and 0–3609.75 ng/L (mean: 191.38 ng/L), respectively. LMAT contents in seawater and phytoplankton exhibited the highest levels in the southeastern mouth of Laizhou Bay and decreased toward the inner and outer bays. Dinophysis fortii , D. acuminata , D. rotundata , Procentrum lima , and P. minimum were identified as the potential origins of LMATs in Laizhou Bay. Moreover, increased nutrient level and decreased pH in seawater could increase LMAT content. • Lipophilic marine algal toxins in Laizhou Bay were investigated comprehensively. • Various toxins were detected, and okadaic acid and pectenotoxins were the dominant. • High level of toxins was observed in the southeastern mouth of Laizhou Bay. • Dinophysis spp. and Procentrum spp. were identified as the main sources of toxins. • The levels of these toxins will increase under the influence of global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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