295 results
Search Results
2. Standardizace zdola vs. shora: Jak se z Charlese III. stal Karel III.
- Author
-
Dufek, Ondřej and Beneš, Martin
- Subjects
BRITISH kings & rulers ,CZECH language ,STANDARD language ,PERSONAL names ,PHILOSOPHY of language - Abstract
The paper deals with the standardization process of the regnal name of the new King Charles III in Czech. It documents the fact that leading Czech internet media at first referred to the new king in the original form, Charles III, but very soon began to call him Karel III, using the Czech form of the English name Charles. The paper places this process into the broader context of translating foreign personal names into Czech and investigates whether European Monarchs are usually referred to by their original names or a translated form of their names in contemporary written Czech (as evidenced by the SYN corpus series). The central focus of the paper lies in the hour-by-hour detailed reconstruction of how it happened that the Czech internet media ceased quite suddenly to call the new king Charles III, beginning to call him Karel III. The paper proceeds to discuss this process in the context of language standardization theories, showing that although authorities (linguists, predominantly from the Czech Language Institute) explicitly refused to recommend ("from above") either the original, or a translated variant of the name, internet media representatives interpreted their statements in favour of the translated version and started to call the new king Karel III in Czech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Literary Education in Czech Schools.
- Author
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HNÍK, Ondřej and JINDRÁČEK, Václav
- Subjects
LITERARY form ,EDUCATIONAL change ,ORAL interpretation ,CZECH language ,EDUCATION policy ,MILLENNIALS - Abstract
The authors of the paper introduce the readers to the context of the literary education in Czech schools. In Czech milieu were hold many polemic discussions, that are known at least since the year 1890. Into that discussions were involved big personalities of conterporary cultural live, among others Hubert Gordon Schauer, František Krejčí, Jaroslav Vlček, Otakar Hostinský, Vilém Mathesius and Jan Mukařovský. In many casesthay evaluated teaching of literature as distant from the life of a young generation, too historically oriented, and pointed out its deficient connection with aesthetics of a literary work. They held against excessive me morization as contrary to the little emphasis put on reading and analysis of literary work. The authors of the paper are strongly convinced that even after more than 130 years of polemic discussions about the form of literary education and a series of reforms (which cannot even be taken into account because it is not clear where one reform ends and another begins), the real curriculum of literary education has not fundamentally changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Artificial Intelligence Assistant for Mathematics Education.
- Author
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Jančařík, Antonín, Novotná, Jarmila, and Michal, Jakub
- Subjects
MATHEMATICS education ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence in education ,MATHEMATICS teachers ,NONPROFIT sector ,CZECH language - Abstract
The paper presents the partial results of a research study conducted within the project AI Assistant for Pupils and Teachers. The university, non-profit sector and organization established by the Ministry of Education are cooperating on this project. The aim of the project is to prepare an AI assistant for communication with teachers and pupils. The output of the project should be a system that communicates with pupils and teachers. AI assistant will offer them appropriate teaching materials based on their needs. The system will use not only pre-prepared materials (which is the case presented in this paper), but will be able to independently search and evaluate materials in open databases. We primarily focus on supporting the teaching and learning of mathematics and Czech language. In this paper, we focus on one of the partial researches. The aim of this research was to prepare and experimentally test the possibility of using a series of pre-prepared math problems of an increasing difficulty for individual (partly pupil-managed) practice of algebraic expressions. The topic of algebraic expressions was chosen because it is relatively well-structured and is therefore suitable for this method of processing. At the same time, and this is very important, the topics include the so-called critical topics, i.e. topics that cause problems for pupils and where pupils very often seek help. The topic of algebraic expressions is divided into several subchapters, each of which contains about ten steps, consisting of three tasks, one of basic, one of standard and one of higher difficulty, and supporting materials for mastering them. The pupil can decide what difficulty of the task they want to solve and what supporting materials they want to use. The developed application is available to pupils online in the web environment as well as in the form of an app for the mobile phone. The application has already been published and is in a test regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Korpus OnomOs: principy a příklady aplikací.
- Author
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Místecký, Michal, David, Jaroslav, Glogarová, Jana Davidová, and Klemensová, Tereza
- Subjects
CZECH language ,WESTERN countries ,PERSONAL names ,SUPPURATION ,CORPORA - Abstract
The study introduces OnomOs, a new corpus of Czech texts with annotation of proper names. The corpus was compiled by onomasticians from the Department of Czech Language, Faculty of Arts, University of Ostrava, and made available by the Institute of the Czech National Corpus, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague. The paper briefly discusses the content and structure of the cor- pus, the selection of texts for inclusion, and the onomastic-geographical classification of the iden- tified names. The text consists chiefly of three preparatory analyses, which focus on the most fre- quent surnames, collocations found in Western and Eastern countries in the pre-1989 period, and the declension patterns of three types of onyms. In the summary, further possibilities of onomastic corpus research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. PUPILS’ SCHOOL PERFORMANCE AND THEIR COGNITIVE ABILITIES TO SOLVE PROBLEMS.
- Author
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Hejnová, Eva, Eisenmann, Petr, Loukotová, Lucie, and Přibyl, Jiří
- Subjects
COGNITIVE ability ,PROBLEM solving ,CZECH language ,ELEMENTARY schools ,MATHEMATICS education - Abstract
The paper describes the results of a study whose main aim was to find the interrelationship between pupils’ school grades in Czech language (native), mathematics, and physics and pupils’ cognitive predispositions to problem-solving in science and mathematics diagnosed by the Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning and the Culture of Problem Solving test. A total of 180 pupils from the Czech Republic aged 14-15 took part in this study. The results show that pupils with better grades in the monitored subjects achieve better results in both tests. It also turns out that there are generally statistically insignificant differences between the results of pupils assessed by grades 1 or 2 and between those assessed by grades 3 or 4. Pupils’ performance in the two tests might help to strengthen the objectivization of grading at school. They might also help identify the indicators important for developing problem-solving skills. The research specifically points to the need to develop algebraic thinking, the conception of infinity, spatial imagination, geometric imagination in the plane, proportional reasoning, and the ability to control variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Comparative Corpus-Driven Study of Prepositional Semantics in Russian and Czech.
- Author
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Zakharov, Victor
- Subjects
SEMANTICS ,SLAVIC languages ,PREPOSITIONS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CZECH language - Abstract
This paper deals with prepositions with causal meaning in Russian and Czech. In Slavic languages prepositions are closely connected to cases. Russian and Czech prepositions have many common features. Prepositions show a relation in space or time or a special relationship between two or more people, places, things or situations. In the current paper we are dealing with causal relations. There are different ways to express them. Among these means, the most common are prepositional-case forms and complex sentences with a subordinate causal part. We analyze the repertoire of causal prepositions in both languages and describe their statistical representation in corpora. Another task is to reveal translation equivalents between two languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Adverbs Derived from Adjectival Present Participles in Polish, Slovak and Czech: A Comparative Corpus-Based Study.
- Author
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Schillová, Aksana
- Subjects
CZECH language ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CORPORA - Abstract
The paper investigates and compares the inventory of adverbs derived from adjectival present participles in the Polish, Slovak and Czech languages. The particularity of these adverbs is that they do not occur in every language, even if it concerns closely related languages. While in Polish and Slovak this type of adverbs is represented by hundreds of lemmas, in Czech it is almost not represented. The comparative analysis is carried out on the data retrieved from the comparable web corpora Aranea. The sets of adverbs extracted from the comparable corpora of the languages examined are analysed by the following criteria: the total number of the adverb lemmas in the corpus, their relative frequency (ipm), morphemic structure features, collocability preferences. The similarities and differences between the adverb sets are established. According to the corpus data, the adverbs derived from adjectival present participles are more widely used in Polish than in Slovak, and in Czech they are a rare phenomenon represented by a limited number of lemmas with a negligible frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Proverbs in Contemporary Czech. Corpus Probe into Written Texts.
- Author
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Kopřivová, Marie and Šichová, Kateřina
- Subjects
PROVERBS ,CZECH language ,CORPORA ,FOREIGN students ,LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
The paper deals with the possibility of creating a paremiological optimum for students of Czech as a foreign language. The selection of proverbs should reflect the frequency, familiarity with and use of proverbs. The study focuses on the most frequent proverbs in written Czech, using contemporary idiomatically annotated corpora. On this basis, our own minimum was created. The paper compares the results with previous studies on the paremiological minima of Czech (Schindler 1993 and Čermák 2003) and shows the intersection of all three minima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Mapka: A map application for working with corpora of spoken Czech.
- Author
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Goláňová, Hana and Waclawičová, Martina
- Subjects
CORPORA ,WEB-based user interfaces ,CZECH language ,DIALECTS ,LINGUISTS - Abstract
A new interactive map-based web application named Mapka was published by the Institute of the Czech National Corpus in 2020. It aims to serve linguists, as well as schools and the general public, and it features various functions described in this paper. Mapka was designed as a supplement to the CNC spoken corpora, starting with the DIALEKT corpus (more to come in the future). Its main function is to display various types of territorial division (primarily in terms of dialect, but also administrative) and networks of localities associated with the corpus. The main dialect regions are provided with overviews of their typical dialectal features and two samples of dialectal discourse – one slightly historical and one contemporary. The application offers the possibility of searching for municipalities, plotting the points on the map and creating a custom map. The paper concludes with future prospects concerning an enhanced and improved version of the application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The structuralist tradition meets empirical data: Corpus data enhancing the Czech Internet Language Reference Book.
- Author
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Kováříková, Dominika, Beneš, Martin, Smejkalová, Kamila, and Kovářík, Oleg
- Subjects
CZECH language ,REFERENCE books ,GRAMMATICAL categories ,CORPORA ,NOUNS - Abstract
This paper demonstrates how the corpus grammar tool GramatiKat can be used to improve and refine morphological information in the Internet Language Reference Book (ILRB), which presents complete declension paradigms for 45,632 standard Czech nouns. The paradigm tables are based mainly on morphological types, following structuralist conceptions of language as a fully articulated system. The paper discusses how to update the ILRB and provide users with empirically based grammatical information for individual word forms in each cell of the paradigm. All noun lemmas have been investigated using the GramatiKat tool for research into grammatical categories in Czech. The tool observes the distribution of word forms of a particular lexeme in comparison with the standard distribution across the whole word class. It is capable of identifying nouns that have an unusually high occurrence of a certain word form, as well as nouns with unattested word forms. GramatiKat is based on the data from two corpora of Czech written texts, SYN2015 and SYN2020 (200 million word tokens). The paper investigates the relationship between defectiveness and overabundance on one side and language variability and potentiality on the other. Based on the unique combination of data from the ILRB and GramatiKat, the paper suggests how information about unusually frequent or overabundant word forms as well as unattested ones should be pointed out, so that ILRB provides the user with accurate, empirically based data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Językowo-kulturowy obraz dziecka w czeskim dowcipie.
- Author
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BALOWSKA, Grażyna
- Subjects
CZECH language ,SOCIAL space ,ADULTS ,SCHOOL year ,LAZINESS ,PRESCHOOL children - Abstract
Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. European hydrogen train the trainer framework for responders: Outcomes of the HyResponder project.
- Author
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Brennan, Síle, Brauner, Christian, Davis, Dennis, De Backer, Natalie, Dyck, Alexander, García-Hernández, César, Gaathaug, André Vagner, Kupka, Petr, Grand-Clement, Laurence, Havret, Etienne, Houssin, Deborah, Lecomte, Laurent, Maranne, Eric, Steele, Pippa, Russo, Paola, Pinilla, Adolfo, Schoepf, Gerhard, and Molkov, Vladimir
- Subjects
- *
LIQUID hydrogen , *JOINT ventures , *FIRE fighters , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *CZECH language - Abstract
HyResponder is a European Hydrogen Train the Trainer programme for responders. This paper describes the key outputs of the project and the steps taken to develop and implement a long-term sustainable train the trainer programme in hydrogen safety for responders across Europe and beyond. This FCH2 JU (now Clean Hydrogen Joint Undertaking) funded project has built on the successful outcomes of the previous HyResponse project. HyResponder has developed further and updated educational, operational, and virtual reality training for trainers of responders to reflect the state-of-the-art in hydrogen safety, including liquid hydrogen, and expand the programme across Europe and specifically within the 10 countries represented directly within the project consortium: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. For the first time, four levels of educational materials from fire fighter through to specialist have been developed. The digital training resources are available on the e-Platform (https://hyresponder.eu/e-platform/). The revised European Emergency Response Guide is now available to all stakeholders. The resources are intended to be used to support national training programs. They are available in 8 languages: Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian and Spanish. Through the HyResponder activities, trainers from across Europe have undertaken joint actions which are in turn being used to inform the delivery of regional and national training both within and beyond the project. The established pan-European network of trainers is shaping the future in the important for inherently safer deployment of hydrogen systems and infrastructure across Europe and enhancing the reach and impact of the programme. • Responders across 10 European countries have been trained in hydrogen safety. • Translated teaching materials are available in 8 languages. • A unique operational training platform for responders has been extended. • Operational, virtual reality and educational training materials have been revised. • A revised European Emergency Response guide is available on an e-Platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. K TERMÍNU „LIDOVÁ ETYMOLOGIE“ V ČESKÉ ONOMASTICE.
- Author
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Dvořáková, Žaneta
- Subjects
NATURAL languages ,CZECH language ,ETYMOLOGY ,LINGUISTICS ,ONOMASTICS - Abstract
The term folk etymology is traditionally used to denote an erroneous, usually arbitrary connection of an etymologically opaque word to a word which is similar in the form or meaning but it is of different origin. Our approach is wider, we consider folk etymology as a part of folk linguistics. Folk (or also learned) etymology is one of the oldest methods of interpreting proper names and we can meet this phenomenon as early as in medieval chronicles. Folk interpretations often grow into size of etymological tales. They represent the period of the so-called pre-scientific etymology. However, folk etymology has not been replaced by scientific etymology, it is still alive and part of language users’ awareness. The term “folk etymology” was introduced by E. Förstemann in his paper Über deutsche Volksetymologie / About German Folk Etymology (1852) where he mentioned a whole range of examples for proper names. The term folk etymology coined by Förstemann was, despite some criticism, adopted into other languages including Czech. Three years later and independently of Förstemann, H. Wedgwood published a paper on what he called “false etymologies”. Similar terms actually appear in other lan)guages as well but they are considered problematic as they imply something improper. Folk etymology is sometimes treated as a non-scientific deformation of a language reality, as a misleading, deceptive preconception, which the educated scientists shall make sure to remove. F. de Saussure even supported the idea of folk etymology being something “pathological”. However, this opinion of his was frequently criticised. Nowadays, we do not perceive folk etymology as something wrong which is to be corrected. In our conception, the folk etymology is understood as a natural tendency of language users to explain foreign and opaque words as well as proper names, and to interpret, search and clarify the meaning connections even if these are not present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
15. JAN AMOS COMENIUS AND HIS QUEST FOR ENNOBLING MAN'S LIFE.
- Author
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Wlochová, Andrea and Slamová, Karolina
- Subjects
ART & culture ,CZECH language ,SPIRITUALITY ,HUMANISTIC writing - Abstract
In 2020, the Czech Republic commemorated an anniversary of a significant humanistic thinker, writer, and theologist, whose importance has exceeded the borders of the Czech lands. Jan Amos Comenius (28 March 1592 - 15 November 1670) is a leading representative of the Czech culture of the 17th century, and he became famous, especially as an author of didactic works, which represented a breakthrough in the field of education and inspired the way to modern educational methods. These works were based on Comenius' tireless effort to look for didactic means to spread the knowledge he managed to gather. Thanks to these innovations, he became known as the teacher of nations. The aim of this paper is to present some of his most significant works in this area. The following part of the paper will focus on another aspect of his versatile activities in connection with the difficulties experienced by the Czech nation during the tragic and turbulent times after the Battle of White Mountain and the ban on non-Catholic religions. At that time, many Czech scholars emigrated. A substantial part of Comenius' work is devoted to expressing his feelings concerning the destiny of his nation and looking for ways to comfort and encourage those living in exile. In this respect, this paper will analyse one of his most significant works, the allegory The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart. The paper will also deal with Comenius' activities related to the Unity of the Brethren, which published the Kralice Bible - an important achievement for the Czech language and culture. In the midst of turbulent and wartime times, Comenius, in the spirit of his humanistic mission, realised that to improve conditions in the world, the spiritual renewal of humanity was necessary, and he devoted his life to searching for ways of ennobling man's life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Periodization Development of Tabloid Press in Czech Countries.
- Author
-
DORÈÁKOVÁ, Jana
- Subjects
TABLOID newspapers ,CZECH language ,POPULAR culture research - Abstract
Copyright of Oceánide is the property of Spanish Society for the Study of Popular Culture (SELICUP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
17. On the Need for Practical Knowledge of Slavic Languages, or Pre-War Polish Language Textbooks for the Czechs.
- Author
-
Rusin Dybalska, Renata
- Subjects
POLISH language ,SLAVIC languages ,ELECTRONIC textbooks ,TEXTBOOKS ,CZECHS ,CZECH language - Abstract
The paper presents an excerpt from the ongoing research of the beginnings of teaching Polish in Czechia. Its main focus is to analyse two textbooks for learning Polish by Iza Šaunová, designed for Czech students and published in the 1930s. The first one is called Polština pro každého (Prague 1930), the second -- Mluvnice jazyka polského (Prague 1934), written by Šaunová together with a great Polish Slavicist, T. Lehr-Spławiński. The paper discusses both the structure of analysed publications, the contents, as well as applied teaching methods. Presented textbooks and their authors thus provide insight not only into the history of teaching Polish in Czechia, but also into the Czech and Polish relations in the pre-war times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Implementace tematiky šoa do výuky literární výchovy na druhém stupni základních škol: hlavní závěry výzkumného šetření.
- Author
-
MAŠÁT, Milan
- Subjects
LANGUAGE teachers ,CZECH language ,QUANTITATIVE research ,DESIGN research ,EXPERIMENTAL design - Abstract
Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Ovid's Metamorphoses in 17th- and 18th-Century Bohemia and Moravia.
- Author
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Miltová, Radka Nokkala
- Subjects
ART patronage ,METAMORPHOSIS ,BAROQUE art ,CZECH language ,ENGRAVING - Abstract
The paper presents results of the first comprehensive analysis of the reception of Ovid's Metamorphoses in Baroque art in Bohemia and Moravia. First aspects of the reception relate to the referentiality that is one of the essential characteristics of Baroque art in Central Europe, where various influences from both neighbouring and more distant regions intersect. Artists mainly used popular illustrated editions of the Metamorphoses: cycles by V. Solis, H. Goltzius, C. de Passe, A. Tempesta, J. W. Baur, and engravings from the 1676 Paris edition or the 1677 Brussels edition. Nevertheless, the receptive character of these works of art cannot be understood as a result of lack of artistic invention but it is quite often strongly rooted in the patrons' requirements, as some preserved archive sources confirm. The article also tries to trace the popularity of editions among artists and patrons through the research of inheritance inventories of patrons and painters. The importance of Ovid's works is also demonstrated on one of the most striking examples, the only existing early modern translation of full text of Metamorphoses to Czech language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. „JMÉNO TO PŮSOBILO NA MNE ODJAKŽIVA ZVLÁŠTNÍM KOUZLEM“ – METAJAZYKOVÝ POHLED NA PROPRIA V PUBLICISTICE ČTYŘ ČESKÝCH SPISOVATELŮ.
- Author
-
Reclik, Agata
- Subjects
CZECH language ,LINGUISTIC context ,PERSONAL names ,PUBLIC spaces ,SENTIMENT analysis ,ACADEMIC dissertations ,SOCIOLINGUISTICS - Abstract
The study focuses on the use of proper names in the articles of four Czech writers: Jan Neruda (1834–1891), Svatopluk Čech (1846–1908), Karel Čapek (1890–1938), and Karel Poláček (1892–1945), who reflected not only Czech culture and society, but also the Czech language. Given their avid interest in linguistics, the aim of this paper is to analyze the authors’ linguistic takes on proper names as reflected in their art journalism (essays, feuilletons, and columns). The present analysis focuses on their opinions of, for instance, naming of public spaces, personal names (and whether they use them stereotypically), misuse of proper names in politics, and naming in advertising. Their attitudes towards the naming strategy (seen as a linguistic strategy) are always examined in the context of the dominating linguistic views of the given period (the views on the language norms in particular), from approximately the 1850s until the 1930s. This approach, combined with a literary-cultural one, allows us to cover the issue comprehensively. The study is based on the chapter of the forthcoming dissertation Language and linguistic issues and their reflection in the works of selected Czech writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Expression and Perception of Endpoints during Language Acquisition: Three Studies on Czech.
- Author
-
Marklová, Anna and Mertins, Barbara
- Subjects
PRESCHOOL children ,CZECHS ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,RUSSIANS ,CZECH language ,GOAL (Psychology) ,EYE tracking - Abstract
The description of goal-oriented motion events differs cross-linguistically. Speakers of languages with a phasal perspective (such as Russian) describe these events as a process, while speakers of languages with a holistic perspective (such as Czech) emphasize the final state of the event, i.e., an endpoint. For instance, when someone walks toward a house, Czech speakers are more likely to mention the house as an endpoint in their description than Russian speakers (Schmiedtová, 2013a). This paper investigates the prominence of endpoints during language acquisition of Czech preschoolers in three experiments. Firstly, we investigate the frequency of endpoint expression in Czech children (N=40) in an elicitation task compared to an interactive setting. Secondly, we compare the endpoint production of Czech children (n=25) with that of Russian children (n=25). Lastly, we examine whether visual fixations on endpoints increase in Czech children (n=75) with age. The results show that Czech children produced more endpoints in the interactive setting than in the elicitation task. We did not find a significant difference between the overall number of endpoints produced by Russian and Czech children. However, there were significant differences in the types of utterances in which the children were expressing them. The eye-tracking data did not show a gradual increase in attention to endpoints with age. Our findings suggest that parent--child interaction is crucial in directing children's attention toward endpoints. However, Czech children appear to be considerably independent in their production of endpoints. This study provides insights into how Czech children describe and perceive endpoints, a topic that has not been previously analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
22. Differences between Russian and Czech in the Use of Aspect in Narrative Discourse and Factual Contexts.
- Author
-
Gehrke, Berit
- Subjects
RUSSIAN language ,CZECH language ,VERBS ,NARRATIVES ,NARRATION - Abstract
The aims of the paper are twofold. First, it provides a systematic qualitative corpus study into differences between Russian and Czech in the use of aspect in chains of single, episodic events, as well as in habitual contexts, which takes into account the role of verb class, aspectual affixes, discourse relations, and other factors contributing to the overall aspectual interpretation in a given sentence. The findings suggest that while Russian makes narrative progression and habituality visible already on the verb forms, by employing exclusively perfective and imperfective verb forms, respectively, Czech relies more heavily on the context itself and uses (im)perfective verb forms mostly to signal duration vs. change of state. The second part of the paper addresses differences in aspect use between the two languages in so-called general-factual contexts (presuppositional and existential). Against the background of the empirical findings of the corpus study, I argue against the received view that Czech makes use of imperfective verb forms to mark existential readings. The presuppositional reading of imperfective forms, which I assume to be related to the process/durative reading of imperfectives, is argued to exist in both languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. JÁN HORECKÝ'S APPROACH TO LANGUAGE AND THINKING.
- Author
-
ZUMRÍK, MIROSLAV
- Subjects
DEFINITIONS ,CONCEPTS ,TERMS & phrases ,CZECH language ,PHILOSOPHICAL analysis - Abstract
The paper aims to reflect on theoretical foundations of Horecký's approach to the relation between language (and more specifically: terms) and thinking (concepts). Reflections are devoted to Horecký's explicit and implicit beliefs on the nature of terms and concepts and their mutual relation, as well as their relation to reality around. Definitions of both term and concept appear in some of Horecký's major papers. The paper focuses on models of term-concept relation proposed in those papers. Finally, an attempt is made to find some convergences and divergences in theories of Horecký and the Czech logician Pavel Tichý. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Interlanguage correspondences and their manifestation in receptive bilinguals.
- Author
-
Kříž, Adam and Chromý, Jan
- Subjects
NATIVE language ,SPEECH ,LEXICAL access ,ENGLISH language ,CZECH language ,ANALOGY - Abstract
The current paper presents the results of a qualitative analysis of speech errors made during the L2 picture-naming task in the context of two mutually intelligible languages. The task was performed by native speakers of Slovak and its target language was Czech. The errors demonstrate that production is partly based on the so-called interlanguage analogies and interiorized rules derived from them. Such issues have been rather overlooked in the previous literature. Our qualitative findings offer a viable starting point for formulating novel hypotheses for quantitative studies on lexical access in bilinguals. The evidence discussed here shows that examining less commonly studied languages in their specific contexts can substantially enrich the research that has traditionally focused on better studied languages, such as English, French, German or Dutch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Jazykový transfer u pokročilých hindských/urdských mluvčích češtiny jako druhého jazyka.
- Author
-
Melnikova, Nora
- Subjects
CZECH language ,HINDI language ,MORPHOSYNTAX ,PHONOLOGY ,PHONETICS ,SECOND language acquisition ,LANGUAGE transfer (Language learning) - Abstract
This paper examines the influence of Hindi/Urdu on Czech in advanced Hindi/Urdu L1 speakers of Czech as a second language. At present, dozens of Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers enroll in Czech language courses in India every year, and thousands of Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers live in the Czech Republic and have acquired Czech at various levels of proficiency. The objective of this paper is to provide first empirically based insights for teachers of Czech as a foreign/second language to Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers in India and in the Czech Republic. This study analyzes language production of 10 Hindi/Urdu L1 speakers who have lived long-term in the Czech Republic. The analysis is based on recordings of informal conversations. The obtained linguistic data was compared with standard grammar descriptions of Hindi/Urdu and Czech in order to perform error analysis. With the help of contrastive analysis, errors caused by language transfer were identified and categorized according to the following language domains: phonetics and phonology, and morphosyntax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
26. Morphosyntactic Annotation in Universal Dependencies for Old Czech.
- Author
-
Zeman, Daniel, Kosek, Pavel, Březina, Martin, and Pergler, Jiří
- Subjects
ANNOTATIONS ,CZECH language ,PILOT projects - Abstract
We describe the first steps in preparation of a treebank of 14
th -century Czech in the framework of Universal Dependencies. The Dresden and Olomouc versions of the Gospel of Matthew have been selected for this pilot study, which also involves modification of the annotation guidelines for phenomena that occur in Old Czech but not in Modern Czech. We describe some of these modifications in the paper. In addition, we provide some interesting observations about applicability of a Modern Czech parser to the Old Czech data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Linear Dependency Segments in Foreign Language Acquisition: Syntactic Complexity Analysis in Czech Learners' Texts.
- Author
-
Nogolová, Michaela, Hanušková, Michaela, Kubát, Miroslav, and Čech, Radek
- Subjects
LANGUAGE & languages ,LANGUAGE ability ,LANGUAGE research ,LINGUISTIC complexity ,CZECH language ,LANGUAGE acquisition - Abstract
The paper discusses a new way to measure syntactic complexity in foreign language acquisition. It is based on a recently proposed syntactic unit called linear dependency segment (LDS), the longest possible sequence of words belonging to the same clause where all linear neighbours are also syntactic neighbours. The dataset comprises 5,721 Czech texts from the CzeSL-SGT learner corpus covering five CEFR proficiency levels (A1–C1). The study covers two analyses. First, the development of the average clause length in terms of LDS and the average LDS length in the number of words across the latter language proficiency levels. Second, we consider the differences between Slavic and non-Slavic speakers. The results show an increasing tendency of the average clause length measured in LDS while the average clause length measured in words is decreasing. Results also show statistically significant differences between Slavic and non-Slavic speakers in most cases. Our results indicate that using LDS may be a useful unit of syntactic complexity measure in foreign language acquisition research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. „Jak funguje teatr a film", czyli obecność języka czeskiego w mowie po naszymu Polaków na Zaolziu.
- Author
-
BOGOCZOVA, Irena and BORTLICZEK, Małgorzata
- Subjects
CZECH language ,POLISH language ,ORAL communication ,SPEECH ,LANGUAGE schools ,LOCAL culture - Abstract
Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Number agreement attraction in Czech and English comprehension: A direct experimental comparison.
- Author
-
Chromý, Jan, Brand, James, Laurinavichyute, Anna, and Lacina, Radim
- Subjects
CZECH language ,ENGLISH language ,COMPREHENSION ,TRANSLATIONS ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing - Abstract
Number agreement attraction in comprehension is a phenomenon that has been documented in various typologically diverse languages. This evidence has led to claims about the crosslinguistic uniformity of agreement attraction effects and its independence from the grammatical features of a particular language. However, recent research has shown that in Czech, number agreement attraction effects are either absent or negligible in size. This directly contradicts the cross-linguistic uniformity hypothesis. The current paper aims to further corroborate this finding and presents a direct experimental comparison of Czech and English. Two comparable self-paced reading experiments were conducted using stimuli that were translation equivalents in Czech and English. Our analyses demonstrate a preference for the null model in Czech (no agreement attraction), unlike in English, where an interaction between verb number and attractor number was preferred. Moreover, when we compare the data from the two experiments directly, we find that the interaction between language and attraction was also preferred. In sum, we provide evidence against the cross-linguistic uniformity hypothesis for agreement attraction effects and suggest that processing patterns may differ between languages even for almost identical structures, such as agreement relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Výsledky „forenzního” zkoumání tvorby Miloše Dokulila (k 110. výročí narození a k 20. výročí jeho úmrtí).
- Author
-
ČECHOVÁ, Marie
- Subjects
CZECH language ,SPEECH ,VOCABULARY ,LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The verb in a Czech sentence: How do foreign learners of the Czech language perceive the structure of a Czech sentence?
- Author
-
KOUDELÍKOVÁ, Tereza
- Subjects
CZECH language ,NATIVE language ,VERBS ,LANGUAGE & languages ,VERB phrases - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to illustrate through two sentences how foreign learners perceive the structure of the Czech language. Respondents were asked to write answers on how the language works, what the syntactic relations of the sentence members are, and why the chosen words have their concrete forms with respect to the whole clause. The survey collected answers of a wide range of respondents with respect to both the number of years of studying the Czech language and their native language. After a brief introduction to the Czech language focusing mainly on the syntactic and morphological pro per ties that were at the center of attention in this survey, the chosen survey questions are analyzed. It turned out that learners of the Czech language were willing to participate in this survey; in total the respondents provided answers in 95.7 % of cases, which helped to get more exact results. It emerged that respondents of the survey fully answered the questions correctly in 52.7 % of cases. The remaining 47.3 % of responses were either wrong or incomplete depending on the form of the question. The results of this survey lead us to the conclusion that it might be worth focusing more on the system of morphology and syntax while teaching Czech for foreigners. The complete list of answers with respect to the number of years of studying the Czech language is attached in the appendix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. An invisible virtue: SLUŠNOST as a key Czech cultural value.
- Author
-
Pavlásková, Marie
- Subjects
CULTURAL values ,CZECH language ,LINGUISTICS ,METALANGUAGE - Abstract
Copyright of Etnolingwistyka is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Does the Presuppositional Imperfective Exist in Russian (and Slavic)?
- Author
-
Dickey, Stephen
- Subjects
SLAVIC languages ,CROATIAN language ,RUSSIAN language ,CZECH language ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) - Abstract
Copyright of Slavia Meridionalis is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. THE FORMATION OF THE SEMANTIC FIELD "EMPIRE" ON THE BASE OF DISTRIBUTIONAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS.
- Author
-
Zakharov, Victor
- Subjects
SEMANTICS ,PHILOSOPHY ,RUSSIAN language ,ENGLISH language ,CZECH language - Abstract
The paper presents a part of a research project which is aimed at the creation of corpusdriven semantic field of the concept of "empire" in Russian, English and Czech languages. The result will be a lexical semantic net (thesaurus) with frequency characteristics and usage examples for lexical units. This paper presents results of automatic creation of the semantic field in Russian. Achievement of the goal is provided with the solution of a number of tasks, in particular, the corpus research of semantic relations of the word "empire" with other words based on distributional and statistical methods. The main tool of the study is Sketch Engine system. Text material is represented by corpora of Russian texts of XVIII-XX centuries. The major thematic content is history, literature, journalism, and philosophy. Results obtained show that usage of text corpora and corpus tools makes it possible to detect syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations in the automated mode and to create broader and more adequate filling of the lexical-semantic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE KRALICE BIBLE.
- Author
-
Wlochová, Andrea and Slamová, Karolina
- Subjects
CZECH language ,RENAISSANCE ,HEBREW literature ,HUMANISM - Abstract
In this paper, the authors would like to focus on the importance of the translation of the Kralice Bible (named after the village of Kralice nad Oslavou in Moravia where it was printed), whose third and most famous edition was published in 1613, for the development of the Czech language and culture at the time of the Renaissance. The first part of the paper outlines the situation in Europe in the 16th century, during the Humanism and Renaissance period, when the emphasis was put on the importance of translating the Bible from the original languages (Biblical Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek) rather than relying on the Latin Vulgate (dated from the turn of the 5th and 6th centuries AD). In this respect, special attention is devoted to the territory of present-day Germany. The next part will explain the conditions under which the new translation of the Bible into Czech was created, the importance of this translation for the cultural development of the area, as well as the development of the Czech language, and the follow-up tradition of translating the Bible in the Czech lands. The paper will also point out some aspects of the demanding work of the translator dealing with these ancient texts, like using good judgement in order to select words in the target language that best represent the ideas of the text in the original language, rather than translating strictly word for word (as suggested by some scholars who argue that this word-for-word approach would be a way to prevent shifting the original meaning); in fact, no modern language provides exact equivalent of the vocabulary and grammar of Biblical Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, so word-for-word translation would not be clear for readers and could even lead to wrong interpretations. On the other hand, paraphrasing the text too freely would also lead to misinterpretation. The authors of the Kralice Bible took into account the need to maintain the original meaning of the Scriptures while trying to create a translation comprehensible for the contemporary reader. Thus, it was possible to create a work that became a model for the standard Czech language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A morphologically annotated longitudinal corpus of spoken Czech child–adult interactions
- Author
-
Chromá, Anna, Sláma, Jakub, Matiasovitsová, Klára, and Treichelová, Jolana
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. O výjimkových frázích v češtině.
- Author
-
KLOUDOVÁ, VERONIKA
- Subjects
CZECH language ,SEMANTICS ,TERMS & phrases ,MARS (Planet) - Abstract
Exceptive phrases are a group of expressions used to indicate that something is an exception (e.g. English except Mars, Czech kromě Marsu). Some of these expressions are ambiguous: either they can subtract something from a particular set or they can add something to it. For these two types of phrases, this paper introduces the terms extractive exceptive phrases and additive exceptive phrases, respectively. The core of this paper is the examination of the semantic and syntactic properties of both types of exceptive phrases in Czech, with a focus on phrases headed by the ambiguous expression kromě. We build our analysis on the basis of the description of exceptive phrases provided by the formal semantics literature. Our investigation leads us to the conclusion that the Czech language has, in fact, two distinct expressions of kromě with different grammatical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
38. Social Integration Problems of Vietnamese Migrants and their Descendants into Czech Society: Empirical Study from Brno, the Czech Republic.
- Author
-
Thu Huong PHAM
- Subjects
VIETNAMESE people ,SOCIAL integration ,SOCIAL problems ,CZECH language ,VIETNAMESE language - Abstract
The paper aims to examine the social integration problem of first and secondgeneration Vietnamese in Brno, Czechia by combining data from a survey and in-depth interview. More specifically, the paper takes advantage of a survey to gather data from 150 first-generation and interviews with 10 second-generation Vietnamese in Brno, Czechia. The results of this research indicate that first-generation Vietnamese are encountering both individual and structural barriers to their social integration into the host society including the Czech language, migration policies, and discrimination. Meanwhile, second-generation Vietnamese do not have much problem integrating into the Czech society but reversely they find it difficult to integrate into the Vietnamese society because of their identity problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
39. Anglicismy v ruské a české marketingové terminologii.
- Author
-
Dunajeva, Oksana
- Subjects
CZECH language ,TRANSLITERATION ,RUSSIAN language ,ENGLISH language ,VOCABULARY - Abstract
Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Hiršalův referát o překládání Morgensternových Šibeničních písní.
- Author
-
Sudzinová, Tereza
- Subjects
CZECH language ,HOUSING policy ,PUBLISHING ,LITERATURE translations ,GROTESQUE - Abstract
This commentated edition with an introduction presents a little-known paper on translating the grotesque lyrics of Christian Morgenstern, given by Josef Hiršal at a seminar for the Translators' Circle of the Czechoslovak Writers' Union (Kruh překladatelů při Svazu československých spisovatelů) in November 1958. It concerns the circumstances in which his translation of Gallows Songs, published by the State Publishing House for Literature, Music and Art (Státní nakladatelství krásné literatury, hudby a umění) in February 1958, originated. Bohumila Grögerová had been very much involved in this publication, and Hiršal traces the reactions of the time. The paper provides an insight into Josef Hiršal's translation workshop and, using specific examples, points out the translation issues and questions he had to deal with. Among his general topics was the discovery of the flexible possibilities of the Czech language, as well as the search for the boundary between translation and paraphrase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
41. The localization of video games into less widely spoken languages that share a common history: An example of Slovak and Czech legislative parallels.
- Author
-
Koscelníková, Mária
- Subjects
VIDEO games ,SLOVAK language ,VIDEO game industry ,CZECH language ,SERBIAN language ,CROATIAN language - Abstract
Even though video games are highly popular, localization into Slovak is rather rare and the language struggles to maintain a presence in the video game industry. This is partly because Slovak is a less widely spoken language, and also because it is mutually intelligible with the more dominant Czech language, having a common history. Our paper examines the Slovak-Czech parallels in the respective language-, audiovisual- and multimedia- related legislation as well as market practices. A similar comparative analysis is conducted with other less widely spoken European languages, namely Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian. Our results show that among the examined languages, Czech is by far in the strongest position as a supported language in video games on various platforms whereas Slovak, Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian are hardly present. We hope that the results of our research will stimulate the discussion on this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Чешско-румынские языковые контакты в румынском Банате (на примере данных полевого исследования)
- Author
-
БОРИСОВ, СЕРГЕЙ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ and ПИЛИПЕНКО, ГЛЕБ ПЕТРОВИЧ
- Subjects
CODE switching (Linguistics) ,ROMANIAN language ,CZECH language ,LANGUAGE contact ,DISCOURSE markers - Abstract
The paper deals with examples of Czech-Romanian language contacts based on data obtained by the authors during a field research in the Romanian part of the Banat, where the Czech community of Romania resides. The adaptation of Romanian contact items, cases of code switching, discourse markers, metalinguistic comments are discussed. The Czech speech of Romanians is analyzed for the first time. The paper deals with the cases of language contacts that were elicited from the narratives recorded during a field research in the Romanian part of the Banat. The influence of the Romanian language on Czech language is analyzed. The discourse markers, borrowed nouns and verbs, metalinguistic comments, self-repair cases, reiterations, code switching when quoting are discussed. For the first time in the issue of Czech-Romanian language contacts a group of Romanians who speak Czech (daughters-in-law in Czech families originated from Romanian villages) is described. The authors come to the conclusion that the borrowing of Romanian grammatical indicators does not occur, due to the isolation of Romanian homogeneous settlements in the past, the belonging of the Romanian language to another language family, as well as due to the relatively late migration of Czechs to the Banat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
43. Nad romistickým dílem Jiřího Lípy.
- Author
-
Jakoubek, Marek
- Subjects
CZECH language ,ROMANIES ,POLEMICS ,LINGUISTS ,NEWSLETTERS ,PARTICIPATION - Abstract
The contribution recapitulates and appraises the work of the Czech linguist Jiří Lípa (born December 12, 1928, Sušice, Czechoslovakia - died December 24, 2020, Broadview Heights, Ohio, USA). The first part is devoted to the beginnings of Lípa's interest in the Romani language and his publications from the period before he emigrated to the USA, including the two key monographs written in Czech, Příručka cikánštiny (A Handbook of the Gypsy Language, 1963) and Cikánština v jazykovém prostředí slovenském a českém (The Gypsy Language in the Czech and Slovak Linguistic Environment, 1965). The second part describes Lípa's work in the field of Roma studies in the USA, his participation in the activities of the Gyspy Lore Society and offers a commented review of his contributions written in English. Special attention is paid to two polemics triggered by Lípa's works. First, in 1983, in the Newsletter of the Gypsy Lore Society, and the second, a decade later, in 1993 in the Nationalities Papers. The author explains Lípa's stance in these polemics and shows that his position has been rather misunderstood and misinterpreted. The final section discusses why Lípa's pioneering work in the field of Roma studies has been mostly forgotten in his motherland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
44. LIDOVÉ VÝKLADY ČESKÝCH PŘÍJMENÍ.
- Author
-
Dvořáková, Žaneta
- Subjects
CZECH language ,LANGUAGE & languages ,PERSONAL names ,ETYMOLOGY ,FRENCH language - Abstract
This paper analyses 379 folk etymological interpretations and other 141 assumptions about the foreign origin of surnames, all received either by the radio programme On the Origin of Surnames, the Language Counselling Centre of the Czech Language Institute, or the information service Ask the Library. These inquiries were sent by the public along with requests for a confirmation of the suggested etymological interpre)tations of the surnames in question, or for an official (correct / scientific) explanation. The analysis shows that most often the folk etymology consists in erroneous decomposition of the name or in connecting the name with an incorrect original form, i.e. usually a familiar noun recognized in the name. The folk etymologies do not respect the word-forming structure of names. They also ignore the age and origin of the surname which they like to look for in foreign languages (especially in French, Polish, Hungarian), regardless of the origin of the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
45. The verb jít as a representative of a motion event in space in texts by non-native speakers of Czech.
- Author
-
Škodová, Svatava
- Subjects
VERBS ,CZECH language ,WRITTEN communication ,LANGUAGE & languages ,SECOND language acquisition ,VALENCE (Chemistry) - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to offer an analysis of the uses of the verb jít 'go' by non-native speakers of Czech. Using quantitative and qualitative analysis based on data drawn from the CzeSL corpus, we will point out the specifics of use of this important verb in the written communication of non-native speakers of Czech. This research is not concerned with error analysis, but instead focuses on the overall picture of semantic uses of this verb by non-native speakers of Czech. The resulting analysis should contribute to a methodical description of the teaching of the verb jít within the grammatical and lexical system of Czech for foreigners. The current paper is based on a learner corpus of Czech as a foreign language, the CzeSL-SGT (Czech as a Second Language). The CzeSL corpus contains 12,388 texts (960,000 words) and offers both linguistic and error annotation; the error annotation is based on two target hypotheses. From these texts, 5,785 occurrences of use of the verb jít were excerpted and analysed for their valency and semantic patterns, prepositional co-occurrence, collocation and lexical use. The results of the analysis are discussed in the context of the individual levels of the Common European Framework of Reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
46. STŘEDOVĚKÉ TECHNOLOGIE ZPRACOVÁNÍ USNÍ.
- Author
-
Figura, Jindřich
- Subjects
TANNING (Hides & skins) ,CZECH language ,MIDDLE Ages ,HISTORICAL source material ,FUNCTIONAL analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Archeologia Technica is the property of Technical Museum in Brno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
47. K MENÁM PRIAMEJ LÍNIE MOJMÍROVSKÉHO DOMU.
- Author
-
Pukanec, Martin
- Subjects
PERSONAL names ,INDO-European languages ,CZECH language ,SLAVIC languages ,GERMANIC languages ,ROYAL weddings ,CROWDSOURCING - Abstract
This paper deals with two names of the direct Mojmir line (Great Moravia, 9th-10th century): *Mojьměrъ/*Mojьmirъ and *Svętěpъlkъ/*Svętopъlkъ. In the paper, the author analyzes three hypotheses concerning the origin of Proto-Slavic onymic elements *-měrъ/-mirъ in the Late Proto-Slavic personal name *Mojьměrъ/*Mojьmirъ > Czech-Slovak Mojmír, attested as Moimar, Moymar ʻMojmir I, ruler of Great Moraviaʼ, and Moymir, Moymarius ʻMojmir II, ruler of Great Moraviaʼ: (1) Proto-Slavic *-měrъ < Proto-Indo-European *meh1-ro- ʻglorious, greatʼ, (2) Proto-Slavic *-měrъ < Proto-Germanic, Gothic mērs ʻgloriousʼ, Proto-Slavic *-mirъ being in both cases secondary, Proto-Slavic *-mirъ < Proto-Slavic *mirъ ʻpeace, worldʼ, Proto-Slavic *-měrъ being secondary, which is rejected, as well as two hypotheses concerning the origin of the Proto-Slavic onymic element *-pъlkъ in the Late Proto-Slavic personal name *Svętěpъlkъ/*Svętopъlkъ > Czech Svatopluk, Slovak Svätopluk, attested as Szuentiepulc, Zuentibald, Zuentebald, Sfentopulch, etc. ʻSvatopluk I, ruler of Great Moraviaʼ, and Zentobolch, Zuentibald ʻSvatopluk II, prince of Great Moraviaʼ: (1) Proto-Slavic *-pъlkъ ʻregiment, crowd, etc.ʼ < Gothic or Longobardic fulk- ʻpeople, multitude, armyʼ < Proto-Indo-European *pel- ʻfill, etc.ʼ, which is more popular, (2) Proto-Slavic *-pъlkъ ʻregiment, house [= clan], etc.ʼ (cf. Old Czech meanings and Proto-Germanic fulg- ʻto followʼ) < Proto-Indo-European *plk- ʻto stand by sb.ʼ, which is more probable. After the discussion, the first personal name is reinterpreted as *Mojiměrъ < Proto-Indo-European *moios ʻmy [regiment, house]ʼ + *meh1-ro- ʻglorious, greatʼ, and the latter one as *Svętěpъlkъ/*Svętopъlkъ < Proto-Slavic *svęt ʻglorious, greatʼ (< Proto-Indo-European *ḱwen- ʻto celebrateʼ) + Proto-Slavic *-pъlkъ ʻregiment, houseʼ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
48. ORTELOVÉ KNIHY PRAŽSKÉHO APELAČNÍHO SOUDU A JEJICH INTERPRETACE.
- Author
-
VACEK, JOSEF
- Subjects
SENTENCES (Grammar) ,CZECH language ,APPELLATE courts ,HISTORICAL source material ,QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
This paper focuses on fundamental historical source important for recognition of judicial praxis in the early modern era: Books of Sentences of Appeal Court in Prag. This court was established in 1548 and since that year were the sentences taped down to books of sentences in two language rows: czech and german. The study analyzes both the outside of the source (font, language, graphical form of the decision) and, above all, its internal structure. At the same time, some particular requirements (which included each decision) are identified, and then the possibilities of their interpretation in individual and in context are presented. The paper is based on the knowledge of dozens of ortel books across the 250 year period for which the study is written. Its contribution lies mainly in describing some general elements that touch this source. The thesis can also serve as a basis for quantitative and qualitative research in the field of early modern justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Hluboké učení v automatické analýze českého textu.
- Author
-
Straková, Jana, Straka, Milan, Hajič, Jan, and Popel, Martin
- Subjects
NATURAL language processing ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,CZECH language ,DEEP learning ,COMPUTATIONAL linguistics ,AUTOMATIC classification - Abstract
The deep learning methods of artificial neural networks have seen a significant uptake in recent years, and have succeeded in overcoming and advancing the success of auto-solving tasks in many fields. The field of computational linguistics and its application offshoot, natural language processing, with classic tasks such as morphological tagging, dependency analysis, named entity recognition and machine translation, are no exception to this. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in these tasks related to the Czech language and presents completely new results in the areas of morphological marking and recognition of named entities in Czech, along with a detailed error analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
50. Consistency of morphological dictionary MorfFlex.
- Author
-
Hlaváčová, Jaroslava, Mikulová, Marie, and Štěpánková, Barbora
- Subjects
ENCYCLOPEDIAS & dictionaries ,CORPORA ,CZECH language - Abstract
Language corpora usually contain, in addition to their own texts, various types of annotations. The most common one is a morphological annotation, which consists in assigning a lemma and a morphological tag to each wordform. For morphological tagging, morphological dictionaries are traditionally used. Our paper presents a new version of the so-called "Prague" morphological dictionary MorfFlex used for tagging many Czech corpora (particularly Prague Dependency Treebanks, corpora published by the Institute of the Czech National Corpus in Prague or large Czech web corpora of the Aranea series). Three basic principles were used to update the dictionary: the Golden Rule of Morphology, the Principle of Paradigm Unity, and the Principle of Paradigm Uniqueness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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