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Currently, renewable energy sources (RESs) are gradually replacing traditional power sources that use fossil fuels. In some countries, such as Vietnam, RESs are developed on a massive scale and are concentrated in some key areas. This causes negative impacts on a power system when its transmission system is not deployed synchronously to release their capacity from these new renewable energy plants. An important challenge today is to ensure frequency stability in power systems with high uncertainty in RES output power. Additionally, the system requires solutions to prevent transmission line overloads during periods when RESs make a substantial contribution to the electricity generation capacity. Therefore, this paper builds an automatic generation control (AGC) system for a two-area power system with high penetration of RESs. This AGC system model aims to maintain system frequency stability amid unpredictable changes in RESs while also ensuring that tie-lines transmit the predetermined power levels to mitigate frequent congestion. By continuously monitoring and adjusting the system's frequency, the challenges posed by the inherent variability of RESs can be effectively mitigated. The AGC model is simulated on DIgSILENT PowerFactory software and tested with a 106-bus system. The simulation results of this study show that the AGC system operates effectively, ensuring that the frequency returns to the rated value and maintaining the exchange capacity on the tie-lines after occurrences of RES power decrease events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers two pertinent research inquiries: 'Can an AI-based predictive framework be utilised for the optimisation of solar energy management?' and 'What are the ways in which the AI-based predictive framework can be integrated within the Smart Grid infrastructure to improve grid reliability and efficiency?' The study deploys a Deep Learning model based on Long Short-Term Memory techniques, leading to refined accuracy in solar electricity generation forecasts. Such an AI-supported methodology aids power grid operators in comprehensive planning, thereby ensuring a robust electricity supply. The effectiveness of this framework is tested using performance metrics such as MAE, RMSE, nMAE, nRMSE, and $ R^2 $ R 2 . A persistent model is utilised as a reference for comparison. Despite a slight decrease in predictive precision with the expansion of the forecast horizon, the proposed AI-based framework consistently surpasses the persistent model, particularly for horizons beyond two hours. Therefore, this research underscores the potential of AI-based prediction in fostering efficient solar energy management and enhancing Smart Grid reliability and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology or renewable energy system (RES) is an advancement of the electricity generation which creates pollution free environment. Since last 15–20 years, renewable power plant works in the traditional way over the world and needs technology enhancement. This paper presents a complete review of application of recent advanced technology in the field of RES. The paper analyses and discusses the potential application of artificial intelligence, the internet of things, cloud computing, big data, blockchain and game theory in the area of RESs such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, etc. At the end of this paper, the ordinal assessment of application of recent technology for different objectives of RES is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Xinjiang University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Xinjiang University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of machine learning and data-driven methods for predictive analysis of power systems offers the potential to accurately predict and manage the behavior of these systems by utilizing large volumes of data generated from various sources. These methods have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to handle large amounts of data and to make accurate predictions. The importance of these methods gained particular momentum with the recent transformation that the traditional power system underwent as they are morphing into the smart power grids of the future. The transition towards the smart grids that embed the high-renewables electricity systems is challenging, as the generation of electricity from renewable sources is intermittent and fluctuates with weather conditions. This transition is facilitated by the Internet of Energy (IoE) that refers to the integration of advanced digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and artificial intelligence (AI) into the electricity systems. It has been further enhanced by the digitalization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic that also affected the energy and power sector. Our review paper explores the prospects and challenges of using machine learning and data-driven methods in power systems and provides an overview of the ways in which the predictive analysis for constructing these systems can be applied in order to make them more efficient. The paper begins with the description of the power system and the role of the predictive analysis in power system operations. Next, the paper discusses the use of machine learning and data-driven methods for predictive analysis in power systems, including their benefits and limitations. In addition, the paper reviews the existing literature on this topic and highlights the various methods that have been used for predictive analysis of power systems. Furthermore, it identifies the challenges and opportunities associated with using these methods in power systems. The challenges of using these methods, such as data quality and availability, are also discussed. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion of recommendations for further research on the application of machine learning and data-driven methods for the predictive analysis in the future smart grid-driven power systems powered by the IoE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy production is one of the most important policy instruments to fight climate change. However, despite global benefits, renewable energy production entails some local challenges, such as requiring more space per unit production capacity. In this paper, we study the external effects of large-scale conventional and renewable electric power generation facilities on local house prices. We combine information of all coal, gas, and biomass plants, as well as all wind turbines in the Netherlands, with 1.5 million housing transactions over a period of 30 years. Using a difference-in-difference as well as a repeated sales model, we study the effects of facility openings and closings. Our results show negative external price effects for gas plants and wind turbines, but positive effects for biomass plants, conditionally upon ex-ante lower priced locations. The external effects of power generating facilities on local housing markets are important to consider, especially with the current focus of public policies on the expansion of renewable energy generation. Our paper is one of the first to present a large-scale study, using detailed information, and comparing several different energy sources in one framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biggest causes of worldwide environmental pollution is conventional fossil fuel-based electricity generation. The need for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources to produce power is growing as a result of the quick depletion of fossil fuel supplies and their negative effects on the environment. Solar PV cells employ solar energy, an endless and unrestricted renewable energy source, to generate electricity directly. The optimum output, energy conversion efficiency, productivity, and lifetime of the solar PV cell are all significantly impacted by environmental factors as well as cell operation and maintenance, which have an impact on the cost-effectiveness of power generation. This article presents an analysis of recent research on the impact of operational and environmental factors on the performance of solar PV cells. It has been discovered that temperature and humidity, combined with dust allocation and soiling effect, have a significant impact on the performance of PV modules. In addition, particularly in the lonely places, the wind itself carries a lot of dust and sand particles. The situation gets worse when dust builds up in humid circumstances and produces tenacious, sticky mud on the PV cell, which lowers power output by up to 60–70%. This paper covers cutting-edge methods for reducing these elements' effects, along with their proportional benefits and difficulties. This paper also explains about the parameters which involved in the solar power production and their influence on the efficiency analysis. The efficiency and energy conversion capacity of the semi conducting materials for power production is also discussed. It is also discussed about the general benefits of the solar PV power generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy for water pumping is a possible alternative to conventional electricity and diesel-based pumping systems, particularly given the current electricity shortage and the high cost of diesel. The literature survey includes a comparison between previous studies of pumping systems using photovoltaic cells, and the extent of the influence of external factors such as radiation intensity and temperature on the efficiency of the system. Additionally, the use of water storage to generate electrical energy through potential energy by means of hydraulic generators and the effect of the amount of flow and height on the amount of energy generated, as well as the types of hydraulic generators are discussed in this paper. Nowadays, solar power is a major contributor to the world's electrical energy supply, either by generating electrical energy directly from solar cells or through water storage, which will be covered in this review. When compared to electricity or diesel-powered systems, solar water pumping is more cost-effective for irrigation and water supply in rural, urban, and remote areas. This paper also highlights the challenges that must be overcome to develop high-quality, long-lasting solar power technology for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feasibility and potential assessment (PA) of solar PV energy is one of the key factors in identifying the most promising areas for the installation of solar PV stations. It determines the useful energy generated in the given area. This paper assesses the solar energy distribution and PA in the North Shewa administration zone. Based on the data collected and analysis made, it is found that more than 80% of the North Shewa areas are suitable for the solar energy generation for off-grid and on-grid systems. Hence, the solar potential of the North Shewa zone completely fulfills the standards of sunshine, solar radiation, and temperature. That is, most of the areas have solar radiation of 5.2 kWh/m2, and daily sunshine is greater than 7 h. The maximum energy production is found in December in Shewa Robit, Mehal Meda, Eneware, Debre Berhan, Alem Ketema, and Sela Dengay with 175.35 kWh, 188.18 kWh, 180.78 kWh, 189.54 kWh, 175.78 kWh, and 189.63 kWh, respectively. This is a good opportunity for investors to invest in solar PV electricity generation. It will solve the issue of electricity supply to the community, which currently relies on wood and fossil fuels. It also highlights the positive opportunities for the future implementation of solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guarantees of origin are tradeable energy certificates defined by directives 2009/28/EC and 2018/2001/EU of the European Union. They serve the aim of informing final consumers on energy sources used for their electricity supply. They are also expected to encourage new investments in renewable electricity generation. This paper investigates how the use of guarantees of origin meets these expectations. A literature review, an analysis of related regulations and an evaluation of empirical data shows that there are regulatory failures both at national and the European Union levels. Furthermore, due to a contradiction between certain rules in European Union level regulation, consumers receive unreliable information on their electricity consumption mix. Therefore, although national rules should be improved, the problem of reliability cannot be resolved until the Union level framework is modified. Furthermore, the present framework does not incentivise investments in renewable energy technologies either. Accordingly, recommendations are formulated for policy makers to ensure reliable and sufficient operation of the certificate system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A powerhouse under development, India is slowly breaking free from its traditional methods of operations. It has been chosen for analysis as it offers a plethora of diverse cultures and a variety of indigenous groups of people. The energy sector of the country is transitioning to adopt policies that are in line with its sustainable goals. Focusing on peer-to-peer energy trading and the development of blockchain technologies, unconventional methods are slowly being incorporated with the help of various experimental projects. This is backed up by peer-to-peer trading of energy providing a prosumer with an autonomous environment. The paper looks into the ongoing trends in this sector and major reforms that are required to bring about the necessary shift. Challenges and their recommendations are also been discussed along with the need to implement them. Suitable conclusions have been drawn that aim towards favoring the P2P style of open-source electricity trading as the need for such an analysis is vital to achieve a decentralized energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of the energy sector, based on the development of low-carbon technologies, is essential to achieve climate neutrality. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a powerful methodology for assessing the environmental impact of energy technologies, which proves to be a useful tool for policy makers. The paper is a review of the main LCA studies of power generation systems performed over the past ten years aiming at comparing the energy technologies to identify those with the lowest impact on the environment, evaluated in terms of gCO2eq/kWh emissions. Screening criteria were established to include only studies of the highest qualitative significance. The authors decided to assign greater weight to emission values reported in more recent studies. For nuclear and renewable energy technologies, most of the emissions are related to the pre-operational phases. Notably, both nuclear and wind technologies, along with other renewable sources throughout their entire life cycle, exhibit significantly lower and less variable emissions compared with conventional gas- and coal-fired technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although FRT capability is claimed in Japanese grid code for RE, DVS capability is not. In some European countries, not only FRT but also DVS is claimed. Whether this choice of our grid code is pragmatically adequate or not? To answer the question, it is necessary to evaluate FRT and DVS capabilities. But the past studies only evaluated qualitative merit of FRT and DVS, or evaluated quantitative merit on fictional system models. Since the authors intend to evaluate FRT and DVS capabilities in existing power system of Japan, some method for the evaluation must be invented. For the evaluation, values of FRT and DVS capabilities are evaluated by reduction amount of stabilizing equipment (i.e. SVC in the paper). The evaluation based on strict optimal SVC disposition is quite difficult, because existing power system must be adequately modeled, because number of SVCs is large and because every power flow conditions must be considered. However, semi‐optimal SVC disposition can be calculated as shown in the paper. As the result, value of FRT is quite larger than value of DVS. And then, our grid code is proved as pragmatically adequate, except some flaw in claimed FRT design that is introduced in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In light of the increasing share of renewable energy sources (RES) in electricity generation, the research community is directing their attention toward developing highly efficient DC‐DC high‐gain step‐up converters. These converters are designed to exhibit reduced voltage stress on the switching devices (semiconductors). This paper presents a comprehensive study of a switch voltage stress‐reduced step‐up converter that offers a range of additional features, including the availability of a common ground point, continuous input current, simple two‐mode continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation, wide duty cycle range, and quadratic boosting factor. To achieve the aforementioned features, the converter utilizes two switches with the same operating modes, eliminating the need for complex switching circuitry. Operational modes, steady‐state analysis, and design considerations have been presented in detail. Comparative analysis indicates that the voltage conversion ratio per number of devices in the proposed topology is significantly higher than that of similar topologies. In addition, the voltage stress of switches is considerably less than the topologies addressed in the literature. The study further includes detailed mathematical and experimental analyses, small signal analysis, and hardware implementation to support the theoretical findings. The converter's efficiency has been thoroughly analyzed along with thermal analysis to ensure its reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome its reliance on burning fossil fuels for energy generation and water desalination, Kuwait has pioneered research and cutting-edge projects in renewable energy since the 1980s. This paper examines the power sector in Kuwait and emphasizes the government’s keenness to diversify the country’s electric power supply. It provides a comprehensive overview of Kuwait’s efforts, to emerge as a leading example in the region, fostering collaboration and matchmaking within renewable energy industries. The country’s goal is to meet 15% of the demand for power from renewable energy by 2030, including a reduction in energy use in the building sector by 12% and a decrease in CO2 emissions by 33%. The country’s initiatives revolve around harnessing renewable sources, particularly emphasizing the exploration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Challenges and opportunities are presented to provide information for international institutions, technology companies, designers, researchers, and decision makers, aiming to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of PV project implementation in the country and the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this paper is to investigate the dynamic causal relationship between economic growth and renewable energy in Canada. The causal relationship is examined under the neoclassical production function framework. We employed a panel autoregressive distributed lag model controlling for different states of the economy by incorporating a dummy variable, which indicates the economic peak and trough. The data set consists of annual real GDP, capital formation, labor, and electricity generation by renewables for nine Canadian provinces covering from 1981 to 2015. The empirical results find that there is a unidirectional causality from renewable energy to economic growth in the long run. In the short run, a unidirectional causality going from renewable energy to economic growth only during the expansion period is observed. Our study suggests that renewable energy policies should be designed and implemented in a way that takes into account the nonlinear relationship between renewable energy and economic growth. This could involve promoting the development and deployment of renewable energy sources as part of their economic stimulus packages during economic upturns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess the implications of an increased electricity generation from renewable energy on the Thai electricity generation sector with a particular focus on energy security and CO2 emissions mitigation potentials. For this purpose, three scenarios (REF, AEDP2015 and AEDP2018), developed in this paper, represent penetration levels of electricity generated from renewable energy. The implications have been analyzed through the application of LEAP model for the period 2018-2037. The analyses revealed that high penetrations of renewable energy would have positive impacts on the Thai electricity generation from several perspectives including improving the diversification of electricity supply, decreasing fossil fuel imports for generating electricity, less dependency on fossil fuel, environmentally friendly power generation, utilizing agricultural wastes, and build-up of local capabilities in electricity generation. Moreover, the energy transition due to disruptive innovations would make renewable energy more attractive. However, the transition would raise several challenges for the Thai electricity system, for example, capital-intensive investment, centralized electricity system, traditional regulatory framework and a lack of social involvement. In order to address the transitional challenges, the Thai government has initiated a number of policies including the upgrade of the grid to smart grid, the development of energy storage and the revision of the regulations to support local energy business. In addition to the initiation of the government's policies, this paper suggests that a structural change in the form of a separation between generation and transmission functions of the state electric utility, the development of new infrastructure and network regulation, and collaborations among stakeholders by increasing more participation and governance as well as aligning regulatory arrangement taking into account more on social objectives would provide a robust pathway to efficiently integrate renewable energy into the Thai electricity system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy production is constantly growing worldwide, and some countries produce a relevant percentage of their daily electricity consumption through wind energy. Therefore, decision support systems that can make accurate predictions of wind-based power production are of paramount importance for the traders operating in the energy market and for the managers in charge of planning the nonrenewable energy production. In this paper, we present a decision support system that can predict electric power production, estimate a variability index for the prediction, and analyze the wind farm (WF) production characteristics. The main contribution of this paper is a novel system for long-term electric power prediction based solely on the weather forecasts; thus, it is suitable for the WFs that cannot collect or manage the real-time data acquired by the sensors. Our system is based on neural networks and on novel techniques for calibrating and thresholding the weather forecasts based on the distinctive characteristics of the WF orography. We tuned and evaluated the proposed system using the data collected from two WFs over a two-year period and achieved satisfactory results. We studied different feature sets, training strategies, and system configurations before implementing this system for a player in the energy market. This company evaluated the power production prediction performance and the impact of our system at ten different WFs under real-world conditions and achieved a significant improvement with respect to their previous approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penetration of renewable energy resources into grid is necessary to meet the elevated demand of electricity. In view of this penetration of solar and wind power increasing immensely across the globe. Solar energy is widely expanding in terms of generation and capacity addition due its better predictability over wind energy. Electricity pricing is one of the important aspects for power system planning and it felicitates information for the electricity bidder for accurate electricity generation and resource allocation. The important task is to forecast the electricity price accurately in grid interactive environment. This task is tedious in renewable integrated market due to intermittency issue. In this paper, investigation has been done on the effect of solar energy generation on electricity price forecasting. Different state of the art Machine learning (ML) models have been applied and compared with LSTM model for electricity price forecasting and the evaluation of the impact of solar energy generation on electricity price has been done. During the investigation it was found from the results that the LSTM model outperform all other models and impact of solar energy generation on electricity price is evaluated using forecasting metrics. The forecasted electricity price considering the factor of solar energy generation was lower as compared with the forecast without solar energy generation. The reliability test of the MAPE values has been performed by calculating confidence interval for proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the prioritization and weighting of different methods of using renewable energy, as well as the feasibility of using renewable energy in the management of sports venues in the water and electricity industry of east Azerbaijan province, have been discussed. The D-number theory method has been used to prioritize different renewable energy methods. The information gathered from experts in this field shows that solar energy weighing 0.5345 is the best method for producing electrical energy in sports and welfare venues. Wind energy, with a weight of 0.5183, and water energy, with a weight of 0.5126, are in the next ranks. The indicators used in ranking factors include total costs, energy efficiency, and compatibility with environmental conditions. Based on the results of the feasibility study and the available findings, it can be seen that the total cost of using renewable energy in the sports and welfare venues of East Azerbaijan province is equal to 10093.4 million Rials. Also, the interest return rate of the investment is equal to 19.43%. Therefore, using solar energy as a source of electricity production has technical and economic justification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dependable and cost-effective energy distribution scheme is the need in the current scenario of distributed generation of electricity. In the recent past, different economic dispatch techniques are proposed to address this challenge of cost-effectiveness. The fossil fuels issue of pollutant emission and the limited stock has pushed the research community to focus on the direction of renewable energy generation. The aim of this paper is to present a multi-objective cost-emission-based dynamic economic dispatch (MOCEDED) algorithm, which includes thermal, solar, and wind-based power plants. Moreover, the uncertainty of solar and wind power in terms of curtailment is also included in the formulation of the algorithm. The formulated objective function is quadratic constrained programming, which is implemented in General Algebraic Modeling System software. Two paradigms, i.e. only cost-based DED and MOCEDED algorithm, have been analyzed. The outcome of the proposed MOCEDED algorithm shows more promising results than cost-based DED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the goal of “Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutralization”, the integrated development between various industries and renewable energy (photovoltaic, wind power) is of great significance in China. This paper summarizes the relevant policies, integration schemes and typical cases of the integrated development between renewable energy and other industries. First, the development status of wind and solar generation in China is introduced. Second, we summarize the relevant policies issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, National Energy Administration and other departments to promote the integrated development in photovoltaic and wind power generation in China. Third, eight kinds of photovoltaic three-dimensional development models are described, including “photovoltaic + agriculture, industry, environmental protection, transportation, architecture, communication, hydrogen and ecology”. Fourth, eight kinds of wind power three-dimensional development models are summarized, including “Offshore wind power + marine ranch, marine energy, marine tourism, marine oil and gas, hydrogen, communication, Energy Island” and “Onshore wind power + courtyard”. In the future, the promotion and application of the above integrated development projects will be accelerated. This overview aims to provide reference for the design in photovoltaic and wind energy systems and help potential investors to make decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar power occupies a significant position among global renewable energy sources due to its abundant energy potential. Consequently, its contribution to electricity generation is steadily increasing. However, obtaining peak efficiency from fixed solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is a formidable task due to their limited ability to consistently tap into solar energy. To tackle this issue and mitigate energy efficiency losses, the utilization of solar tracking systems has emerged as an exceptionally effective solution. These systems enable continuous adjustment of the panels' position to align with the sun's trajectory, optimizing energy absorption and enhancing overall performance. This paper presents the performance and cost analysis of three distinct solar panel tracking systems, namely, a fixed system, a single-axis system, and a dual-axis system. The systems are operated under identical coordinates and conditions. The production data are collected over a period of 15 days for comparative analysis. The tracking movements of the systems are controlled using Arduino. The mechanical components are specifically designed for the establishment of each system. The findings of this study indicate that both single-axis and dual-axis solar tracking systems outperformed fixed systems in terms of power generation. The single-axis system demonstrated a 24.367% increase in power production, while the dual-axis system showed a 32.247% increase compared to the fixed system. Moreover, a cost analysis was carried out considering the installation expenses and power production data of the three systems. It was determined that the single-axis tracking system achieved payback in 0.39 years less compared to the fixed system, while the dual-axis system achieved payback in 1.48 years less compared to the fixed system. Overall, this study underscores the advantages of implementing solar tracking systems, particularly in the single-axis and dual-axis configurations, as they contribute to higher power generation and cost-effectiveness compared to fixed systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decarbonization of the power sector in China is an essential aspect of the energy transition process to achieve carbon neutrality. The power sector accounts for approximately 40% of China's total CO2 emissions. Accordingly, collaborative optimization in power generation expansion planning (GEP) simultaneously considering economic, environmental, and technological concerns as carbon emissions is necessary. This paper proposes a collaborative mixedinteger linear programming optimization approach for GEP. This minimizes the power system's operating cost to resolve emission concerns considering energy development strategies, flexible generation, and resource limitations constraints. This research further analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of current GEP techniques. Results show that the main determinants of new investment decisions are carbon emissions, reserve margins, resource availability, fuel consumption, and fuel price. The proposed optimization method is simulated and validated based on China's power system data. Finally, this study provides policy recommendations on the flexible management of traditional power sources, the market-oriented mechanism of new energy sources, and the integration of new technology to support the attainment of carbon-neutral targets in the current energy transition process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large part of the electricity generation is from imported fossil fuels, which makes Turkey heavily dependent on fossil fuels. For this reason, Turkey aims to increase the ratio of renewable energy resources in the total installed power. Among renewable resources, Turkey's wind energy potential is very high. Although the onshore wind power installed capacity has increased significantly in the last ten years in Turkey, offshore wind energy deployment has not gained satisfactory attention even though the country is surrounded by seas on three of its sides. Therefore, the installation of Turkey's first offshore wind farm, which will be established by the Turkish government was accelerated by opening a tender in 2018. Three potential candidate regions were identified, two located in the Aegean Sea and one in the Black Sea. This paper performs a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of offshore wind farm projects in identified three regions. It was calculated that the total offshore wind power capacity at the specified sites is 3,329.4 MW. In addition, offshore regions were compared in the scope of the methods used in the economic analysis. In this context, the best results an obtained in the Saros OWF region. This study aims to contribute scientifically to the region's offshore wind energy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) are emerging as an effective concept and model to empower the active participation of citizens in the energy transition, not only as energy consumers but also as promoters of environmentally friendly energy generation solutions, particularly through the use of photovoltaic panels. This paper aims to contribute to the management and optimization of individual and community Distributed Energy Resources (DER). The solution follows a price and source-based REC management program, in which consumers' day-ahead flexible loads (Flex Offers) are shifted according to electricity generation availability, prices, and personal preferences, to balance the grid and incentivize user participation. The heuristic approach used in the proposed algorithms allows for the optimization of energy resources in a distributed edge-and-fog approach with a low computational overhead. The simulations performed using real-world energy consumption and flexibility data of a REC with 50 dwellings show an average cost reduction, taking into consideration all the seasons of the year, of 6.5%, with a peak of 12.2% reduction in the summer, and an average increase of 32.6% in individual self-consumption. In addition, the case study demonstrates promising results regarding grid load balancing and the introduction of intra-community energy trading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to the fact that most renewable energies such as solar and wind energy have become more competitive in the global energy market, thanks to the great development in conversion technologies, it believes that renewable energy can play a crucial role in global environmental issues. However, in Palestine, the situation is different from anywhere else; renewable energy is not only an economic option, but an absolute necessity to get out of the energy crisis that Palestinian cities suffer from long years ago and continue nowadays. The cornerstone of the present research is focusing on the availability of renewable energy resources in Jenin Governorate (JG)—West Bank (WB)—Palestine. Two-year time-series of hourly solar, wind, biomass, and 1-year hourly electrical load data are used in the analysis in this paper. The energy potentials were estimated using System Advisor Model software (SAM), and the optimum combination and sizing of the hybrid renewable energy system were determined using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER). The proposed Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) consists of an 80 MW PV solar field, 66 MW wind farm, and 50 MW biomass system with an initial investment of $323 M. The proposed HRES generates 389 GWh/yr and is enough to meet 100% of the electrical demand of JG (372 GWh/yr) with excess in electricity generation of about 4.57% and the unmeet electric load is about 109.6 MWh/yr which is equivalent to less than 2 h off in a year. The estimated Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) was found as 0.313 $/kWh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has sorted out the general logic of the impact of COVID-19 on energy consumption. In the short term, the epidemic has forced governments to adopt different levels of lockdown measures. The total electricity consumption decreased and the share of renewable energy has increased. Based on the International Energy Agency's (IEA) data on electricity production and consumption, this paper analyzes the long-term effects: The COVID-19 pandemic does affect overall electricity demand and market structure in the short term, but in the long term, the impact of the pandemic is detrimental to the proportion of electricity generated from renewable sources. Increased, especially in hard-hit countries. The impact on countries with different levels of development is different, and countries with higher levels of economic development are better able to resist such exogenous shocks. The pandemic is still ongoing, how to steadily promote sustainable development? In this paper we suggest that to cope with climate change, to accomplish energy transformation and upgrading or even sustainable development, we should not only rely on reducing human activities, but give more support to countries with low development levels in realizing sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global drive to achieve the climate change mitigation targets set during the Paris Agreement and COP26 necessitates sustainable electricity generation from renewable energy sources. However, renewable energy systems face economic challenges due to unattractive feed‐in‐tariffs (FiT). This paper presents a mathematical programming model to optimise the participation and electricity generation by biomass power plants in a FiT programme. A disjunctive fuzzy optimisation approach is adopted in this work due to the presence of several biomass power plants, thus resulting in a multi‐objective optimisation. The newly developed mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model maximises the overall satisfaction extent of biomass power plants in power generation. The optimisation model ensures the satisfaction of all biomass power plants' technical and economic constraints. A base case study of seven power plants utilising various palm biomass is used to demonstrate the disjunctive fuzzy optimisation approach for the MILP model. This is followed by a scenario investigating the impact of demand variation. The optimisation of the case studies favours the utilisation of empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm oil mill effluent (POME), and palm mesocarp fibre (PMF) for sustainable electricity generation. Palm kernel shell (PKS) is the least preferred palm biomass due to its lowest net availability of useful energy from biomass combustion. This work provides a decision tool for the selection of biomass type during electricity generation. The MILP model in this work may be readily extended for any number of power plants, handling a variety of biomass feedstocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper proposes a methodology based on the implementation and assessment of autoregressive (AR) solar radiation models for generating synthetic series and providing guidance on bidding strategies for power purchase agreements. The work considered conventional and periodic AR models with different lag orders, assessing the models against real solar radiation measurements. The synthetic series generation process developed 1000 1-year monthly solar radiation scenarios that were later employed for simulating electric energy production and power purchase agreement models. This application allowed one to evaluate the risk associated with the energy supply security, supporting bidding strategies in energy auctions. A real study case is also illustrated in detail, referring to a spot in the Brazilian best irradiance area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an exploratory study on the Bangladesh and Thailand rural electricity transition. This study compares the Bangladesh microgrid policies with that of Thailand microgrid policies. The comparative study in several areas considers electricity security, electricity access, environmental sustainability, economic development and growth of the countries. Public data related to microgrid policies in Bangladesh and Thailand had been collected, analyzed and discussed. The comparative case brings out the significant differences while also exploring the range of possible synergies across different dimensions and sectors. Concisely, the transition of rural electricity, driven by microgrid policy in both countries can be achieved by adopting new electricity market structure and regulation. The private sector would play a key role in electricity generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa is promoting renewable energy such as wind power to address the objectives of both energy security and sustainable development. This paper reviews the nature of policies, institutional set-up and programmes in place to upscale especially onshore wind energy uptake, as reflected in publicly available documents. It shows that South Africa has put in place critical policies, institutions and programmes for wind energy uptake. Among key policy documents and policies are the White Paper on Energy (1998), Renewable Energy White Paper (2003), Energy Act of 2008, and National Climate Change Response White Paper (2011). There is also the Integrated Energy Plan, the Integrated Resource Plan (2010, revised 2013) and Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Renewable Energy Projects of 2015. Key institutions noted include the South African National Energy Development Institute, the South African Renewable Energy Council and the South African Wind Energy Association. The main programme is the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme, which resulted in more than 30 installed wind energy projects. Overall, wind energy promises to be among the viable and acceptable technologies in the renewable energy sector in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, one of the key postulates in the European Union's policy has become the development of renewable energy sources. In order to achieve the desired synergy effect, the idea of combining two selected sources of energy appeared. This article presents a technical and economic analysis of a hybrid connection of a ground source heat pump with a photovoltaic installation. Taking into account the heat demand of the building, a ground heat pump with a catalog nominal heating power of 25 kW was selected. This article presents the problem of the economic profitability of using a hybrid combination of a heat pump and photovoltaic panels in domestic hot water and central heating systems. The justification for the use of such heat sources in these installations is due to global trends and the gradual departure from conventional energy sources such as oil or gas boilers. This paper presents the economic and ecological results of using the pump heat connected together with photovoltaic panels. In the economic analysis, with the assumed installation costs related to the use of the considered heat pump and PV, two parameters commonly used in the investment analysis (static and dynamic) were used, namely, the simple payback period and the net present value of the investment. For the adopted assumptions, the usable area of the facility and the number of years of use were indicated, at which the investment in question is competitive with other alternative investment interest methods and will start to bring tangible benefits. The performed analysis also has measurable environmental benefits in the form of a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions at the level of 2893 kg/year into the atmosphere. The presented solution will help future investors understand the investment profitability mechanism for their households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, essential statistics demonstrating the increasing role of renewable energy generation are firstly discussed. A state of the art review section covers fundamentals of wind turbines and PV systems. Included are schematic diagrams illustrating the main components and system topologies and the fundamental and increasing role of power electronics as an enabler for renewable energy integration, and for the future power system and smart grid. Recent examples of research and development, including new devices and system installations for utility power plants, as well for as residential and commercial applications are provided. Fuel cells, solar thermal, wave generators, and energy storage systems are also briefly presented and illustrated. Challenges and future trends for 2025 are summarized in a table for on-shore and off-shore wind energy, solar power, including photovoltaic and concentering, wave energy, fuel cells, and storage with batteries and hydrogen, respectively. Recommended further readings on topics of electric power engineering for renewable energy are included in a final section. This paper also represents an editorial introduction for two special issues of the Electric Power Component and Systems Journal, 43(8–10) and 43(12), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the future, renewable energy (RE) generation systems will be constructed and interconnected to the power system by nonutility entities such as generation companies and residential customers. Therefore, generation expansion planning (GEP) should consider the effects of RE generation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the best GEP from the economic, supply reliability, and environmental aspects considering the penetration of RE generation. For this purpose, this paper proposes a model of a utility's GEP process considering RE generation. The proposed method is based on stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) in which long-term uncertainties are modeled by geometric Brownian motion (GBM) and the binomial lattice process. The variation of RE generation output due to the weather conditions (short-term uncertainty) is also considered in the proposed method by means of the net load curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, we present a comparative review of the externalities of electricity production. First of all, the environmental impact is considered. A discussion of the influence of various electricity production processes on human health follows. The studies are conducted in the context of historical development. Current trends, as well as a historical background that resulted in the changes that can be observed today, are presented. The considerations are supported by a few case studies. Analysis of perspectives for the development of electricity generation methods, in particular the indication of clean energy sources and the perspectives of their exploitation, is the main aim of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper performs a concept on a new exploration of electricity generation by harvesting the kinetic energy from landing aircraft. Firstly, this paper analyzes and tabulates the current status of renewable energy sources and the conventional power generations in Malaysia's electric supply until 2017. It has been reviewed based on the demand, availability, and power production of the sources. At the same time, the locations and providers for several energy supplies have been identified with the evidence of its rated power being generated. Next, this paper also highlights the plan for achieving a low-carbon country based on the plans which have been in place between 1970 until 2017 in order to create a zero-carbon generation by 2030 for Malaysia's energy sector. Toward the end of this paper, the authors suggest a new method on decarbonization technologies for clean energy in order to reach zero-carbon generation earlier than 2030. It is by introducing a new topology of electrical power generation system using waste energy, which is kinetic energy based on landing aircraft, for the possibility of power generation for a new Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of environmental concerns and constraints has led to a much greater necessity for the development of renewable energy resources. Wind energy resources are one of the most promising avenues for renewable energy generation, and the field has experienced significant technological innovation and growth over the past few years. This paper reviews various issues related to wind-power generation resources. Current trends, over the last two decades, of increasing wind turbine sizes, rated power-generation capacity, efficiencies, and the actual size of wind farm facilities are projected to continue. It is theorized that the current global installed capacity of wind power generation may increase from the current generation of 540 (2017) to 5800 GW by 2050. Wind energy potential, in terms of vertical wind speed profile, mean wind-speed distribution, turbulence effects and gust, are discussed in detail in this paper. A decreasing trend in the cost of initial capital investment and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), for both onshore and offshore wind-power generation developments, are projected to continue, although this is regionally and economy-size dependent. Key challenges have been identified for the development of wind power generation in developed and under-developed countries going forward. New approaches/developments in the field and avenues for further research or actions that can be undertaken are also outlined in this paper. Materialization of such lines of actionsmay lead to an increase in global wind energy from its current level of around 4% of the electricity generation mix to roughly 40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The share of wind-based electricity generation is gradually increasing in the world energy market. Wind energy can reduce dependency on fossil fuels, as the result being attributed to a decrease in global warming. This paper discusses and reviews the basic principle parameters that affect the performance of wind turbines. An overview presents the introduction and the background of energy consumption, following the order of the elaboration of wind turbines, including mathematical models, categories of wind turbines were critically discussed. Moreover, it also focuses on materials that are commonly considered for wind turbine manufacturing, and the process used to recycle them. The scale of recycling methods for fiberglass and thermoplastic is presented in the respective section. Various parameters that reduce the function of wind turbines are explained in depth. This review also discusses various environmental impacts of wind turbines. Future research studies are suggested in the conclusion section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change motivated by human activities constitutes one of the main challenges of this century. To cut carbon emissions in order to mitigate carbon's dangerous effects, the current energy generation mix should be shifted to renewable sources. The main drawback of these technologies is their intermittency, which will require energy storage systems to be fully integrated into the generation mix, allowing them to be more controllable. In recent years, great progress to develop an effective and economically feasible energy storage systems, particularly motivated by the recent rise of demand for electric transportation, has been made. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery prices have fallen near 90% over the past decade, making possible the affordability of electric vehicles and transforming the economics of renewable energy. In this work, a study on storage capacity demand previously presented as conference paper is expanded, including a deep analysis of the Spanish generation mix, the evaluation of the energy storage requirements for different low-carbon and carbon-free scenarios in Mainland Spain, and the calculation of the CO2 emissions' reduction and the associated storage costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was aimed at the techno-economic feasibility assessment of a 25 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) system for electricity generation in Effurun-Warri, Nigeria. The system advisor model (SAM) software was used to design and simulate the solar PV modules for power generation. Furthermore, the standard and validated models inbuilt in the SAM software were employed to analyze the techno-economic performance of the system and the energy losses. Results showed that the extent of energy losses considered in the design of the PV system had significant effects on system performance. For the 25 MW system assessed in this study, the highest monthly energy production was obtained at 3.9 GWh in January and the lowest at 1.9 GWh in July. Also, the total annual energy produced by the PV system was observed to depreciate as the system ages, with about 12% of the initial annual energy production expected to be lost after 25 years of system operation. The obtained capacity factor (12.1 %) and the performance ratio (0.75) revealed that the PV system in its current design would be inadequate to match the energy demand profile of Effurun-Warri, Nigeria. Additionally, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) was obtained as 0.65 cents/kWh for the system, which is about 85% higher than the current price of electrical energy in Southern Nigeria. Moreover, a negative net present value (NPV) was obtained for the plant, all indicating that the cost of investment would not be offset during the lifetime of the system, and the project would therefore not be profitable in its current design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns over environmental impact and high infrastructure cost heavily influence the uptake of wind turbine technology. Recently, researchers have started to look into small wind turbines, which are much smaller in size and capacity. Small wind turbines have less environmental impact and low infrastructure cost. These small turbines have limited power generation capacity, requiring multiple turbines to be connected together to produce useful power. In order to capture power from multiple wind turbines, researchers have proposed numerous topologies in the literature. However, these traditional topologies were designed for high-power wind turbines and cannot be used to connect very small wind turbines since a significant amount of the generated power would be lost in driving the complex electronic circuits used in traditional topologies. In this paper, we present a multiple-input nonisolated dc–dc converter design that collects the output power from series-connected very small wind turbines. The proposed system was implemented in our smart energy laboratory and experimental results were gathered, showing a significant improvement over existing converters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energies have many advantages and their importance is rising owing to gravely mounting concerns for environmental issues and lack of fossil fuels in the future. Solar energy, well acknowledged as an inexhaustible source of energy, is developing dramatically for different purposes such as desalination and electricity generation. Appropriate solar power plant is very important factor for power generation due to its cost and other constraints. The applied technology is as important as the solar power plants location. In this paper, a wide variety multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods, investigated by various researchers, are presented to obtain effective criteria in selecting solar plants sites and solar plants technologies. There is not any comprehensive research providing all required criteria for decision making for site and technology selection. Based on the reviewed researches, weight of each criterion depends on many factors such as region, economy, accessibility, power network, maintenance costs, operating costs, etc. The important criteria for site selection are represented and investigated thoroughly in this review paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oman, like other Arabian Gulf countries, depends on oil and gas to produce electricity. However, these resources are not guaranteed to last forever and constitute one of the energy security issues in the country. This paper explores the potential of using biomass energy resources for electricity generation in Oman. Energy from biomass resources is counted as a type of renewable energy, which means that its availability is not affected by the lack of sources and the increasing price of fossil oil. The review of biomass energy shows that waste from different sources such as wood and woody plants and their wastes, agricultural crops and residues, municipal solid organic wastes, animal wastes, sewage, waste from organic industrial processing and food processing, and aquatic plants and algae can be used for electricity generation. Biomass from animal manure and waste water are reported as having potential for electricity generation. The results show that a total of 2651·81 GWh/year electricity can be produced from animal manure and waste water, which corresponds to 10% of the total electricity consumption in Oman. Although there is potential to use biomass for sustainable electricity generation, several environmental, social and technological factors associated with biomass energy need to be considered before adopting such resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed generation (DG) has been rapidly integrated into microgrids. However, uncertain power generation of intermittent DG such as wind turbines brings challenges to the DG planning problem. This paper proposes a novel probability-weighted robust optimization (PRO) method to allocate DG units including microturbines and wind turbines in microgrids, aiming to maximize the total profit over a long-term planning horizon. First, probability-weighted uncertainty sets are proposed to model uncertainties including wind turbine output and load demand during a long-term planning horizon which can fully cover the uncertainty spectrum and accurately represent the uncertainty probability distribution. Then, the PRO method optimizes DG sizing and locating under the worst uncertainty cases considering their occurrence probabilities. Therefore, the planning decision is robust against any possible uncertainty realization. Besides, a modified column-and-constraint generation algorithm is developed to solve the PRO problem. Simulation results show that the DG planning obtained by the proposed method can achieve full operating robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we studied, for Romania, whether the COVID-19 crisis induced significant changes in the pattern of electricity generation, both as total production and on different sources. We used data concerning the net electricity generation by types of fuels in the pre-crisis period (2006 - March 2020), during the state of emergency imposed in the context of the pandemic (March 2020 - May 2020) and over the state of alert (June 2020 - February 2022). As methodology, we estimated some econometric models with dummy variables applied Wald tests for the hypotheses that, in Romania, the electricity production patterns do not differ significantly in the states of emergency and alert compared to those recorded for the pre-crisis period. We found that during the state of emergency, if the dynamics were cleared by both autoregressive, seasonal and cyclical effects, as well as long-term trends, then only wind energy increased compared to the normal period (pre-crisis). During the alert period the patterns of electricity production returned to those of the period before the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis for all generation sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]