1,960 results
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102. Understanding the Adaptive Capacity of Actors in Environmental Governance: The Case of Transboundary Movement of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE).
- Author
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Achara Banjongprasert
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC waste ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations - Abstract
Recent papers have highlighted the importance of adaptive ability in environmental governance. The capacity to anticipate and respond to environmental changes has been a priority for many organisations and academics studying environmental governance. While the considerable study focuses on adaptable capacity at the institutional and societal levels, little is known about the adaptive capacity of actors and how that ability might be strengthened. Additionally, a study deficit exists on the adaptive ability of essential players in environmental governance in the context of transboundary movement of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), which has tremendous negative consequences, particularly in developing countries. Thus, based on a conceptualisation of adaptive capacity and environmental governance, this paper identifies four characteristics of actors' adaptable capability in the context of the transboundary WEEE movement. The interview was a qualitative research approach to elicit data from WEEE sector players in governmental, commercial, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The findings illustrate the current state of WEEE in Thailand, the import and regulation of WEEE in Thailand, and a lack of knowledge and managerial capacity to address WEEE issues. Additionally, the data show that adaptive capacity consists of learning and evaluation, coordination and cooperation, responsiveness and reconfiguration, and accountability. These are essential components of environmental governance's adaptive capacity. The ideas have consequences for policymakers who wish to strengthen actors' adaptive ability via enabling elements such as training, systems, and regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. What drives market construction for fair trade, organic, and GlobalGAP certification in the global citrus value chain? Evidence at the importer level in the Netherlands and the United States.
- Author
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Mook, Anne and Overdevest, Christine
- Subjects
VALUE chains ,TRADE shows ,CITRUS ,CERTIFICATION ,IMPORTERS ,SUPPLY chains - Abstract
Because national governments have limited power to regulate the conditions of production abroad, voluntary certification schemes have come to play a significant role in transnational regulation of many global supply chains, particularly in the food sector, where multiple regulatory issues are in play and different certification schemes compete. However, we still know relatively little about the political‐economic factors that shape the construction of certified citrus markets for these competing standards. Based on an original dataset from a comparative survey of US and Dutch importers, this paper investigates factors that shape the construction of certification markets for citrus, focusing on the construction of markets for different kinds of certification schemes including Fair Trade, Organic, and GlobalGAP certification. The paper investigates from a comparative perspective whether the construction of markets differs across the US and Dutch political economies. The results show both the enduring effects of national political economies and the importance of global value chain dynamics. Across competing schemes, the industry‐sponsored business‐to‐business certification systems have outcompeted consumer‐facing label systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. Revisiting institutional stability: A systematic review and distillations of dominant modes.
- Author
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Galik, Christopher S. and Chelbi, Leila
- Subjects
DISTILLATION ,POLITICAL change ,POWER (Social sciences) ,SYNONYMS - Abstract
The concept of institutional stability has been explored from multiple disciplinary lenses and is associated with a variety of theories and frameworks, masking important variation in the mechanisms and modes of institutional stability, and complicating our understanding of how and why institutions are maintained over time. This is particularly salient to questions of environmental governance, where the recent pace and magnitude of both political and environmental change necessitates more careful attention to the capacity of existing institutions to persist or adapt. Here, we conduct a systematic review to examine the treatment of institutional stability in the literature to determine whether dominant or consistent conceptualizations of institutional stability are present. Beginning with a list of 21 synonyms for stability as used in the literature, we assembled a raw dataset of 23,379 manuscripts in print or published between 1976 and August 2019. Papers were then screened to ensure a theoretical or empirical analysis of institutional stability, resulting in a final dataset of 165 unique manuscripts. From our review, we propose two separate axes—directionality and intentionality—upon which four separate modes of stability may be arrayed. Termed passive stability, active stability, intended inaction, and failed action, we find that each is characterized by distinct mechanisms and captures specific concepts detailed in the extant literature. Though we believe our typology to have the potential to provide for a more precise analysis of institutional stability and associated policy and resource outcomes, further research is necessary to demonstrate its applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. Business environmental innovation and CO2 emissions: The moderating role of environmental governance.
- Author
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Albitar, Khaldoon, Borgi, Hela, Khan, Muzammal, and Zahra, Anum
- Subjects
CARBON emissions ,INNOVATIONS in business ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ENVIRONMENTAL responsibility ,LISTING of securities ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation - Abstract
This paper examines the effects of environmental innovation on CO2 emissions as well as the moderating role of environmental governance in this relationship. Based on a sample of companies listed on the London Stock Exchange for the period from 2016 to 2020, the findings show that environmental innovation reduces CO2 emissions including Scope 1 and Scope 2 CO2 emissions. Likewise, our findings are associative of a moderating effect of environmental governance on the environmental innovation‐CO2 emissions nexus. We argue that environmental innovation along with better environmental governance leads to a reduction in CO2 emissions. Our results hold for subsamples of firms with a strong/low environmental governance and ESG performance. Our findings offer important implications for companies and policymakers towards adopting more environmental technologies along with enhancing environmental governance to reduce CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
106. The data treadmill: water governance and the politics of pollution in rural Ireland.
- Author
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Hesse, Arielle, Bresnihan, Patrick, and White, James
- Subjects
TREADMILLS ,WATER management ,ENVIRONMENTAL activism ,COMMUNITIES ,WATER pollution - Abstract
This paper draws on fieldwork in rural Ireland to argue that environmental data can reinforce knowledge systems that shield structural problems and blunt efforts to rethink the role of community engagement in environmental governance. It offers a cautionary reading of how data has been instrumentalised by the EU and Irish State by showing how data diffuses responsibility and depoliticises environmental activism in cycles of funding and data collection. Since the 2000 Water Framework Directive, water governance in the European Union has increasingly relied upon extensive scientific, evidence-based decision-making and community and stakeholder involvement. We explore how these changes shape efforts to document and remediate water pollution. We expand upon Shapiro et al.'s (2018)'s "data treadmill" to understand how data rescales responsibility for pollution and its effects. The "data treadmill" gives name to cycles of data and funding that propel logics and strategies of environmental governance. We show how the data treadmill operates by perpetuating a narrative that effective action requires more precise data and evidence and solves questions of responsibility through bespoke approaches to environmental pollution. The data treadmill constrains communities through prevailing logics that surround data and environmental governance: communities become tied into European funding programmes that require, on one hand, the expertise of various professionals and consultants, on the other, place-based knowledge and social relationships to deliver innovative responses to structural problems. We offer a critical analysis of current institutional and policy in the EU and Ireland to highlight perils and contradictions of data-centric environmental governance as practiced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
107. AHP-EWM Based Model Selection System for Subsidence Area Research.
- Author
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Liang, Ming, Yang, Gen, Zhu, Xiaojun, Cheng, Hua, Zheng, Liugen, Liu, Hui, Dong, Xianglin, and Zhang, Yanhai
- Abstract
Coal mining can create a variety of environmental, ecological, and land-use problems. Subsidence areas resulting from coal mining are a common and particularly difficult problem to manage. Despite much discussion in the academic literature as well as among local and international stakeholders, there is neither a uniform standard nor a universally accepted approach for selecting an appropriate governance model for a subsidence area. In particular, the lack of quantitative evaluation methods and excessive subjectivity represent key obstacles to the effective selection of governance models for subsidence areas. This paper proposes a selection framework for a coal mining subsidence governance model that integrates the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM). The model comprehensively considers the settlement characteristics of the subsidence area, its geographic location, the water index, as well as the vegetation index. These variables are used as indicators to develop an evaluation framework upon which different subsidence zones can be quantitatively analyzed. The selection framework is demonstrated using examples from three subsidence areas in the Huainan and Huaibei mining areas in China, for which relevant data were collected and processed with the help of field surveys, remote sensing images, and subsidence prediction software. Applying the novel selection framework, the most suitable governance model for each subsidence area was obtained and determined to be consistent with the recommendations of an academic panel composed of multiple experts. The novel selection framework has high efficacy and potential to overcome the problem of subjectivity in the selection of governance models for coal mining subsidence areas. It is also envisaged that future incorporation of the selection framework into a user-friendly software package will significantly improve the efficiency with which suitable governance models for coal mining subsidence areas are selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
108. Will the increase in local land-based revenues lead to an improvement in environmental quality? An empirical study through the lens of land finance in China.
- Author
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Wang, Jinshuo, Gao, Fugang, Tang, Peng, van der Krabben, Erwin, Ploegmakers, Huub, and Samsura, Ary
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL quality ,BUSINESS revenue ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,EMPIRICAL research ,GOVERNMENT policy ,AIR pollution - Abstract
The issue of environmental governance has received considerable attention. While extensive research focuses on the relationship between economic growth and environmental protection, this paper provides a different perspective by exploring the mechanisms affecting the relationship between land-based revenue and environmental performance. Based on the regression analyses of province-level data during 2000-2018 in China, the results show that: (1) land-based finance has a significantly positive impact on air pollution; (2) both central government policies and local residents' concerns incentivize local governments to improve environmental quality through land revenue; (3) regional differences exist regarding the impact of these two factors, probably due to various development stages and financial conditions; (4) local governments tend to increase expenditure on environmental protection by taking residents' concerns into consideration. This research contributes to understanding the driving forces behind the relationship between land finance and environmental performance, and it extends our knowledge of local governments' decision-making processes to accomplish multiple tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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109. Environmental collaborative governance of urban agglomeration in China: influencing factors and drivers.
- Author
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Fu, Cheng, Xu, Yuanyuan, and Zhou, Fujun
- Subjects
COMPARATIVE method - Abstract
This study attempts to examine how urban agglomerations establish sustainable environmental collaborative governance. To achieve this goal, the qualitative comparative analysis method is used to explore the conditions and models for urban agglomerations to establish environmental collaborative governance, with 12 urban agglomerations approved by the Chinese authorities as examples. Based on the collaborative governance framework, this paper proposes six starting conditions that affect the establishment of urban agglomeration collaboration: vertical intervention, horizontal cooperation, leadership attention, governance capacity, initial pollution, and economic governance. The interaction of these conditions was tested in the practice of environmental cooperation in urban agglomerations. The results show that horizontal cooperation, leadership attention, and economic governance are necessary conditions for the establishment of urban agglomeration cooperation. The authority-driven mode, capability-driven mode, and pressure-driven mode can promote cooperation. Vertical intervention, governance capacity, and initial pollution constitute the external and internal driving forces of urban agglomeration cooperation. These findings supplement the literature on urban agglomeration collaboration and provide policy makers with insight into sustainable urban agglomeration collaborative environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
110. Measurement and spatial–temporal analysis of coupling coordination development between green finance and environmental governance in China.
- Author
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Peng, Geng, Wang, Tiantian, Ruan, Lijuan, Yang, Xinsong, and Tian, Kaiyou
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE development ,ENVIRONMENTAL indicators ,TREND analysis ,REGIONAL differences - Abstract
To direct financial resources for achieving the goal of sustainable development, Chinese government has devoted increasing efforts to developing green finance. However, few studies explored the relationship between green finance and environmental governance. Thus, this paper first theoretically discusses the interactive connection between green finance and environmental governance. And then we construct two comprehensive indicator systems and use entropy method to calculate green finance index (GFI) and environmental governance index (EGI) for 30 provinces of China from 2004 to 2020. The theoretical analysis unveils the complementary and mutual reinforcing relationship of the interaction between green finance and environmental governance through green industry. Using the data of GFI and EGI, the coupling coordination degree of green finance and environmental governance (CCDGE) is measured by coupling coordination model. The trend analysis discovers that GFI is increasing over time while EGI starts decreasing from 2013. Although GFI has grown more rapidly than EGI, but the development of green finance still lags behind environmental governance because of its short history. Just because of the uncoordinated development between green finance and environmental governance, CCDGE has been hovering in the moderate coupling coordination stage for a long time and still has a great distance to the high coupling coordination level. These findings imply that the relationship between green finance and environmental governance is still in a state of disorderly development that restricts each other. Furthermore, the findings of spatial–temporal analysis show there are obvious regional differences in GFI and EGI and the interactive effect between green finance and environmental governance. Specifically, GFI and EGI in eastern China are the highest, while CCDGE presents with a ladder decline status of "eastern region > central region > northeast region > west region." Our findings provide vital references for policymakers to promote the coupling coordination development between green finance and environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
111. Challenges to govern a global sustainability science problem: Lessons from a domestic climate change research project.
- Author
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Kuo, Shih-Yun, Tang, Tsung-Ta, Hsu, Huang-Hsiung, Lin, Lee-Yaw, and Chen, Yung-Ming
- Subjects
CLIMATE research ,SUSTAINABILITY ,COMPLEXITY (Philosophy) ,CLIMATE change ,SCIENCE projects - Abstract
In addition to 17 Sustainable Development Goals, one emerging global environmental issue in the 21 century is the gap between science and policy (UNEP, 2012). While humans may comprehend some complicated sustainability problems at some degrees, we are far from properly addressing and governing these problems. This is specifically important for a global sustainability issue with a high scientific complexity, such as global climate change. Although the sustainability science research continues to grow, few studies contribute policy-relevant output for governing the problem and fewer studies focus on evaluating the operation of these researches. Hence, a sustainability research project that can link global to local, theory and practice, research and action, and science and policy can certainly share some experiences and insights. Therefore, this study aims to present a valuable case study that demonstrates how a domestic sustainability science research project transforms a highly scientifically-complicated global-scale problem to a more manageable local-scale problem and how multiple disciplines and agencies work accordantly toward a common research goal. Ultimately this paper hopes to contribute the field of sustainability science by providing valuable in-depth experiences in terms of the operation of a sustainability science research at domestic levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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112. 高校实验室 VOCs 特征研究及治理思路探讨.
- Author
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苗豪梅, 艾德生, 黄开胜, 王 堃, 童亚莉, and 王晨龙
- Subjects
ENGINEERING laboratories ,BIOLOGICAL laboratories ,GAS purification ,POLLUTION ,CHEMICAL laboratories ,MINE ventilation ,WASTE gases - Abstract
Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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113. Fostering environmental and resources management in Sudan through geo-information systems: A prospective approach for sustainability
- Author
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Mohamed B.O. Osman and Emad E.H. Yassin
- Subjects
environmental degradation ,environmental governance ,geo-information systems ,sudan ,sustainable resources ,management ,Environmental effects of industries and plants ,TD194-195 - Abstract
Environmental and land resource degradation is a serious problem that poses significant challenges in Sudan and worldwide generally. Despite the fact that the physical environment components are the underlying economic resources and production assets in developing countries like Sudan, and they directly affect the nation’s socioeconomic aspects of income, health, water availability, food security, and many others. The interventions and protective measures were insufficient to meet the magnitude and extent of the ongoing degradation and resource wastage. Based on the analysis of the indicators and trends of the environmental and natural resources management ‘status quo’, this paper is an attempt to overview and investigate the state of environmental and natural resources management and governance in Sudan. Further discussion delves into the utilization of geo-information systems in Sudan’s environmental and resource management by analyzing and reviewing “some previous case studies” where GIS approaches and techniques were deployed. The paper further strives to explore and highlight the opportunities and potential contributions of GIS in the context of Sudan’s environmental and resource management. Lessons learned from the previous experiences were considered, and the recommendations for the future use of a tailored geo-information system in Sudan context were highlighted and suggested to support better practices and sustainability insights for environmental governance and resources management.
- Published
- 2024
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114. Investigating Best Practice: Doctoral Fieldwork Experiences With and Without Indigenous Communities in Settler-colonial Societies.
- Author
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Weir, Jessica K., Woelfle-Erskine, Cleo, Fuller, Sharon, Diver, Sibyl, and Higgins, Margot
- Subjects
BEST practices ,FIELD research ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,COMMUNITIES ,EXPERIENCE - Abstract
Through the sharing of personal commentaries about our doctoral fieldwork experiences, this paper contributes to decolonial literatures about academic knowledge generation in settler-colonial societies. The commentaries each illustrate shifting understandings of our roles in perpetuating the colonial knowledge-violence and material power of the academy, and our personal ethics to do something useful in response. Such experiences are often unreported or under reported for diverse reasons. Seeking to address injustice, and to move away from extractive research relationships, we highlight four matters: consent and risk; the resource gap in research collaborations; the consequences of not collaborating with Indigenous people; and, the importance of examining knowledge frames. As constrained and compromised as it is, we argue the doctoral experience is an important opportunity for decolonising the academy. Whilst we appreciate that this paper does not address the material circumstances that perpetuate colonial privilege, we go beyond descriptive reflection to offer prescriptions for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
115. Need a bag? A review of public policies on plastic carrier bags – Where, how and to what effect?
- Author
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Nielsen, Tobias Dan, Holmberg, Karl, and Stripple, Johannes
- Subjects
- *
PLASTIC bags , *GOVERNMENT policy , *PLASTICS , *SYSTEMS on a chip , *BAGS , *GLOBAL analysis (Mathematics) - Abstract
• A global database and analysis of 160 public policies on plastic carrier bags. • There has been a rapid spread of public policies, tripling in numbers since 2010. • Policies are dominated by bans (56%) and pricing mechanisms (32%). • Individual policies have reduced consumption, but global picture remains unclear. • Resistance to such policies occur, foremost in the USA. The plastic carrier bag epitomises many of the features that have transformed plastics into a material that defines our contemporary modern culture. The versatility, durability, strength and low cost have made it into an indispensable companion for consumers. In parallel with plastic becoming an increasingly contested material, the plastic carrier bag has emerged as a controversial object in many jurisdictions. This paper explores where, how and to what extent public authorities in different cases across the globe regulate plastic carrier bags. The number of public policies on plastic carrier bags has more than tripled since 2010, and they are now found on all continents, ranging from the municipal to the intergovernmental level. They mainly come in the form of either bans or levies, with the former being predominant. There have been many examples of policies leading to reduced consumption of plastic carrier bags, however this paper also identifies key challenges, including resistance towards plastic carrier bag regulations, uncertainty in measuring the effects, and the undesired side-effects. Far from being a simple issue, public policies on plastic carrier bags highlight the complexity of governing plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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116. How are Argentina and Chile facing shared biodiversity loss?
- Author
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Lorenzo, Cristian, Kelly, Julián, Martínez Pastur, Guillermo, Estenssoro Saavedra, Fernando, and Lencinas, María Vanessa
- Subjects
BIODIVERSITY conservation ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,CLIMATE change ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Biodiversity loss remains one of the most pressing issues for global governance. This situation can be seen in Argentina and Chile through the effects of biodiversity loss caused by the introduction and expansion of beavers in Southern Patagonia. This case is interesting because, despite the Beagle conflict (i.e., the border dispute) between these countries some decades ago, nowadays Argentina and Chile are facing shared environmental problems and both are actively seeking solutions. The main question in this paper is, how did Argentina and Chile search for a solution to shared environmental problems caused by the expansion of beavers in Southern Patagonia? This paper tackles this question and presents the results of the conducted qualitative research. The results indicate that, in order to understand what Argentina and Chile are doing to achieve a solution to their shared environmental problems, research cannot be exclusively focus on domestic affairs. Instead, this issue requires taking into account how international dimensions influenced domestic policies. As this paper argues, in Argentina and Chile, international cooperation is a method of influencing biodiversity governance through funds granted by international organizations and international expert recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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117. Process Makes Perfect: Perceptions of Effectiveness in Collaborative Environmental Governance
- Author
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Lindgren, Amanda Y., Reed, Maureen G., and Robson, James P.
- Published
- 2021
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118. Environmental Challenges for Public Value Theory and Practice.
- Author
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Coffey, Brian
- Subjects
NEW public management ,THEORY-practice relationship ,ENVIRONMENTAL literacy ,PUBLIC administration ,SCHOLARSHIPS - Abstract
Mark Moore's concept of public value (PV) has emerged as a credible, if not fully formed, alternative to new public management (NPM). Notwithstanding this, PV has also attracted criticism, with Benington and Moore identifying the critique from 'ecology' as particularly challenging. Therefore, this paper explores the challenges that environmental issues and thoughts present for PV scholarship and practice. This paper discusses why PV needs to engage with the environment and considers five environment-related themes that present challenges for PV. It is argued that while PV offers considerable potential, it is yet to fully address the challenges that environmental issues and thoughts present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
119. Vegetal Agency in Street Tree Stewardship Practices: People-Plant Involutions Within Urban Green Infrastructure in New York City.
- Author
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Maurer, Megan
- Abstract
In cities nature is taking on a new role as infrastructure, providing essential services in terms of temperature regulation and water management, as well as the provision of habitat for biodiversity conservation. With this turn to green infrastructure have come new challenges to maintenance. Plants are lively things and if they are to perform their infrastructural roles they must be routinely tended to in particular ways. In the context of neoliberal governance, much of this labor falls to volunteer humans. Framed as stewardship, this volunteerism for plant-city thriving is posited as a way to meet maintenance needs while promoting human health and well-being and creating support for nature-based solutions through a sense of ownership and responsibility. While it is thus possible to read stewardship as an enrollment of people and plants into the reproduction of neoliberal urban political ecologies, in this paper I argue that such an analysis overlooks the involution of plants and people that occurs during acts of stewardship. Drawing on ethnographic research with street tree stewards in New York City I explore how vegetal agency draws people into affective, embodied relations. During acts of stewardship, trees act on people and reconfigure their relations in ways that potentially exceed the strictures of stewardship. Rather than allowing stewardship discourses and critiques thereof to be our sole frame for understanding these people-plant relations, we should also consider them from the perspective of vegetal agency and what human-tree involutions do within, around, and to human practices of stewardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
120. Rethinking marine plastics pollution: Science diplomacy and multi-level governance.
- Author
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Beltran, Macarena, Tjahjono, Benny, Suoneto, Thomas Noto, Tanjung, Rakyan, and Julião, Jorge
- Subjects
MULTI-level governance (Theory) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,MARINE pollution - Abstract
Although science diplomacy has been gaining relevance in foreign policy to solve environmental challenges, critical questions concerning what different instruments mean under the term 'science diplomacy' and whether science diplomacy does contribute to the progress in solving environmental issues remain unanswered. We explore those questions by linking science diplomacy salient features through documentary analysis of international instruments addressing the plastics pollution in the ocean. We find that from a science diplomacy and multi-level governance perspective, the responsibilities and capabilities of emergent actors of cross-level governance are also important, leading to more attention being paid to changes in the role of national authorities, away from passive leadership to cross-cutting coalitions supported by the salient features of science diplomacy, and redefining dominant discursive approaches that have framed plastics waste. Points for practitioners: As a result of the cost and limitations of the current international mechanisms, there is currently no incentive for individual countries to take action against marine plastic pollution. Science diplomacy and multi-level governance can contribute to international cooperation, foreign policy and national strategies. Leading efforts to engage countries with fewer scientific and technological capabilities could benefit countries' foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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121. Environmental Governance, Hollow Environmentalism, and Adjudication in South Africa.
- Author
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Soyapi, C. B.
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTALISM ,CLIMATE change ,LEGAL judgments ,ENVIRONMENTAL law ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
In this paper my thought experiment leads me to posit that South Africa's environmental governance often results in what I term "hollow environmentalism". This term describes the inevitable long-term outcome of promulgating laws and policies that are idealistic and seem symbolic and that at times fail to achieve their intended objectives or environmental promise. On a narrower scale, hollow environmentalism can also manifest when such symbolic environmental laws and policies lead to judicial decisions that lack substantive ecological justifications, perhaps even resembling symbolic judgments. I substantiate this argument through four key considerations. I commence with a reality check on environmental governance, emphasising that the state is not a neutral actor, necessitating closer scrutiny of state decisions. This leads me to the conclusion that governance stands at a critical juncture. I argue that the symbolic nature of our environmental laws, broadly speaking, often makes it challenging for the state to fully meet the lofty ideals it presents, thereby also complicating court decisions in these matters. Next, I align my thoughts with recent literature on adjudication in the context of the climate crisis. This literature stresses the need for courts to be bold and innovative in their judicial roles, given the precarious nature of stabilising environmental disputes. In the penultimate section I bring the discussion to a close by suggesting two interconnected possibilities to address hollowness in the face of climate change: "sunsetting" and "substitution". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
122. 环境治理的公共价值建构:基于两个最相似案例的比较.
- Author
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陈贵梧 and 黄嘉庆
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC value , *INCENTIVE (Psychology) , *VALUE orientations , *VALUE creation , *PERFORMANCE management , *TRIANGLES - Abstract
Environmental governance is an important issue in global public narratives and of salient local features. Using the theoretical framework of public values and based on the context of China in a new era, this paper conducts a systematic theoretical exploration and empirical analysis of environmental governance. The paper theoretically proposes that: ① The key to successful environmental governance lies in public value construction. ② China has two distinct ways to construct public values: one is done by local governments autonomously, and the other is completed by the central government in a top-down way. ③ The ultimate path of creating public values depends on the strategic triangle, that is, the combination of authorizing environment, strategic goals, and operational capability. To test the above arguments, this paper adopted the most-similar cases analysis approach and made a comparison between two most-similar cases in China, namely between City G in South China and City S in Central China. The empirical results positively supported the above propositions: ① Both cases had similar backgrounds but developed two distinct ways of public value creation. ② Before the intervention of Central Environmental Inspection (CEI), City G failed to create public values in environmental governance, due to the fierce conflicts among the local government, firms, and residents. However, the intervention of CEI fundamentally changed the arena and managed to create public values among the stakeholders by means of building a kind of indoctrination-oriented consensus. ③ As for the case of City S, a kind of public value was successfully created by the joint efforts of the local government, firms, and residents. ④ When local governments failed to create public values, the central government did not simply take their place and do it directly. Instead, it tried to change the incentive structure and value orientation of local governments by introducing a series of institutional innovations, which in turn led to a successful creation of public values at the local level. This paper’ s policy implications are to bring back public values and integrate them into environmental governance, build up a public value-oriented performance management system, and construct a mode of environmental governance with multiple-actor participation and interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
123. Favorable Fiscal Self-Sufficiency Enables Local Governments to Better Improve the Environmental Governance—Evidence from China's Lower-Pollution Areas.
- Author
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Gu, Zhijun, Tian, Chaowei, Zheng, Zeyuan, and Zhang, Shujian
- Abstract
With the rapid development of industrial economy, local governments in China have invested a large amount of financial funds in environmental protection. In the era of widespread use of clean energy, local governments have a greater responsibility to coordinate fiscal policies with industrial development policies to improve regional environment. Local governments with large fiscal surpluses would make more efforts to improve environmental efficiency, rather than attract heavily polluting industrial enterprises to develop their local economies, and more likely to promote the use of clean energy equipment and raise environmental awareness in government. This paper focuses on testing the impact of abundant fiscal revenue of local governments on the efficiency of regional environmental governance with the data in all prefecture-level cities of China's Guangdong province from 2001 to 2020. We estimate local environmental governance efficiency score with super-efficiency SBM method, taking unexpected output into account. Then we find that fiscal affluence has significant positive effect on the efficiency of environmental governance and the environmental awareness of the government also has obvious help in improving local environmental efficiency. We hope that these findings will provide practical help for local governments to improve their fiscal policy agendas and the quality of environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. Climate adaptation in Brazil: Advancements and challenges.
- Author
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Chiquetto, Júlio Barboza and Nolasco, Marcelo Antunes
- Subjects
CLIMATE change adaptation ,LITERATURE reviews ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CLIMATE change ,PUBLIC administration ,DROUGHT management - Abstract
We present a systematic review of the scientific production on climate adaptation in Brazil, using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The analysis of adaptation categories indicated a good balance between social (38 %) and institutional (33 %) adaptation actions, with a lesser share of physical/infrastructure adaptation (25 %). Assessed impacts tend to focus on higher temperature or heat events (21 %), mainly with regard to human health, along with droughts or water resources issues (20 %), particularly agricultural production. The studied biomes or environments showed a predominance of the most populous areas, such as urban (27 %) and coastal (17 %), indicating the need to target climate adaptation actions at the various Brazilian natural biomes, which, together, are addressed in only 30 % of the papers analysed (all six biomes combined). Indexes development and documentary analysis were predominant methodologies. The dialogue between science and society must be improved, especially with public management, in the production, execution and dissemination of climate adaptation actions. Nature-based solutions were listed as emerging solutions for addresing climate change impacts, acting both for mitigation and adaptation. Popular participation was pointed out by several authors as fundamental in the joint construction of these actions, as well as the provision of information on access to climate finance, which may be of interest to both public and the private sectors. • A review of the scientific production in climate adaptation in Brazil was performed. • Indexes development and documentary analysis were the predominant methodologies. • Only 30 % of papers evaluated the various natural biomes in Brazil, such as the Amazon. • Engineering fields need better integration with the human aspects of climate change. • Popular participation and the dialogue between science and society must be enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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125. Access to Justice and the Limits of Environmental Class Actions in Ontario.
- Author
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Molavi, Michael
- Subjects
CLASS actions ,ACCESS to justice ,ENVIRONMENTAL justice ,HISTORY of economics ,CANADIAN history ,CIVIL procedure - Abstract
For over half a century, it has been axiomatic that environmental claims are particularly well suited for class actions. This paper examines this notion in the context of Ontario's regime and finds that environmental class actions have been limited in the extent to which they have promoted access to justice. Starting with a brief overview of class action history in Canada and the economics of mass litigation at a general level, the paper then analyzes barriers specific to environmental claims. A series of representative case studies is then offered to substantiate the central contention on the limits of environmental class actions. In so doing, the paper takes a holistic approach, incorporating empirical, economic, political, and procedural factors and dynamics to provide an integrated assessment about the type of access to justice that is presently achieved and achievable for environmental claims in Ontario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
126. Environmental customer demands and (forest) governance: evaluating market relations, knowledge networks and positionalities.
- Author
-
Albrecht, Moritz
- Abstract
Framed by the debate on the privatization of transnational forest governance and the integration of environmental aspects into economic geography, this study employs a relational conceptualization of governance spaces to evaluate aspects of environmental business customer demands on transnational wood processing corporations. The role of forest certification systems on forest governance is critically discussed, as are inter-firm relations and networks of knowledge production concerning sustainable forest management. A case study of four transnational Finnish corporations is employed to display how environmental aspects of resource exploitation are negotiated by various actors and networks along value chains from producers to European core markets. The role of environmentally focused knowledge networks in environmental governance is stressed. The case study is based on qualitative data (in the form of interviews) gathered from representatives of the respective corporations and other forest governance actors. While forest certification systems are acknowledged as an important driver, this study argues that other real and perceived external relations between actors, institutions and resource areas play a more important role in transnational forest governance than most of the current literature on ‘market-driven forest governance’ suggests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
127. The Life Framework of Values and living as nature; towards a full recognition of holistic and relational ontologies.
- Author
-
Kenter, Jasper O. and O'Connor, Seb
- Subjects
VALUES (Ethics) ,ENVIRONMENTAL ethics ,ECOSYSTEM services ,ANTHROPOCENTRISM ,ENVIRONMENTAL justice - Abstract
The Life Framework of Values links the richness of ways we experience and think of nature with the diverse ways nature matters. In this paper, we further develop and clarify the Life Framework in response to comments by Neuteleers et al. (Sustain Sci 14(1):4, 2020, 10.1007/s11625-020-00825-7). They supported its application to move beyond the instrumentalism and anthropocentrism associated with ecosystem services and nature's contributions to people, but were critical of our addition of the living as nature frame to O'Neill et al.'s (Environmental values. Routledge, London, 2008) original three (living from, in and with the natural world), and of the way we defined intrinsic and relational values. We argue that the original presentation of the frames was as distinct sources of concern for nature. The living as frame, characterised by oneness between nature and people, presents a unique source of concern not adequately represented by the original three frames. Whilst the Life Framework is open to diverse definitions of intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values, we present straightforward interpretations that are compatible with multiple ethical systems and can effectively serve deliberative processes. We demonstrate that intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values do not map onto the life frames one-to-one, as each frame layers multiple value justifications. Whilst a key purpose of the Life Framework is to facilitate recognition of a more inclusive set of values in valuation and policy, it can also enable more effective organisation, communication, assessment, bridging and deliberation of values. It also provides multiple levers for sustainability transformation, particularly by fully recognising holistic and relational understandings of people and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
128. Analysis of Environmental Governance Expense Prediction Reform With the Background of Artificial Intelligence.
- Author
-
Wu, Xiaohui
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,COST control ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,REFORMS ,FORECASTING - Abstract
In this paper, artificial intelligence-assisted rule-based confidence metric (AI-CRBM) framework has been introduced for analyzing environmental governance expense prediction reform. A metric method is to assess a level of collective environmental governance representing general, government, and corporate aspects. The equilibrium approach is used to calculate improvements in the source of environmental management based on cost, and it is tailored to test the public sector-corporation for environmental shared governance. The overall concept of cost prediction or estimation of environmental governance is achieved by the rule-based confidence method. The framework compares the expected cost to the environment of governance to determine the efficiency of the cost prediction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
129. Evolutionary Logic and Development Foresight of Environmental Collaborative Governance Policy in the Yangtze River Delta.
- Author
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Zhao, Haixia, Gu, Xiang, Yang, Tengjie, and Gu, Binjie
- Subjects
FATE & fatalism ,SUSTAINABLE communities ,SUSTAINABLE development ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,LOGIC - Abstract
The experience of environmental governance in the Yangtze River Delta has formed the practical paths of cross-administrative cooperation and eco-civilization adaptation to economic development. As a result of a scientific analysis of policy texts on collaborative environmental governance in this region, this paper explores differences and core concerns, uncovering the development vein and mapping out the internal logic in order to provide a reference example for multi-regional governance. The policy has shifted from decentralization to authority, from universality to precision, from sustainable development to a community of common ecological destiny, from authoritarianism to co-governance, and from institutional norms to propaganda and guidance. Since the beginning of the new century, the internal logic of environmental governance policy in the Yangtze River Delta has been in line with the trend of coordinated development. In the future, efforts should be made to deepen the trinity mechanism of decision making, implementation, and supervision. When making decisions, we should further emphasize the unified standard of centralized environmental management and adhere to precise pollution control. Implementation will gradually establish the three-dimensional coordination mechanism of region, function, and role; supervision will involve the platform "internet + environment", and the assessment will involve "pressure mechanism + environment". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
130. Points of convergence: Deploying the geographies of critical nexus-thinking.
- Author
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Walker, Catherine and Coles, Benjamin
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,WATERMARKS ,METROPOLITAN areas ,GEOGRAPHY ,CRITICAL analysis - Abstract
In recent years, the concept of 'nexus' has become a metaphor for resource interactions (particularly between food, water and energy), a policy apparatus to address resource sustainability and an object of academic analysis. Contending that the ways that nexus has been conceptualised and applied so far are invariably incomplete, this paper marks a concerted attempt to draw geographical scholarship into the conceptualisation of nexus-thinking to offer a more complete reading of resource geographies and their underlying interactions. We present critical nexus-thinking as a conceptual framework for tracing the geographies fashioned by resource nexuses, including the enrolment of human and non-human populations into such nexuses, and how the governance of both routine resource interactions and of 'shocks' can impact on such populations. To mobilise critical nexus-thinking as a conceptual framework, we draw out three points of convergence between nexus policy logics and critical geographic/scientific scholarship: socio-material-ecological interactions, politics of scale, and flows, blockages and dis/connectivity. We deploy critical nexus-thinking through analysis that extends the 2014/2015 'water crisis' in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area to other sites, spaces and materials in order to critically evaluate the politics, materiality and spatiality of resource governance, and we use this example to point to how scholars might apply critical nexus-thinking analyses in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
131. The spillover effect of fiscal environmental protection spending on residents' medical and healthcare expenditure: evidence from China.
- Author
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Sheng, Wenxiang, Wan, Liang, and Wang, Chengyuan
- Subjects
MEDICAL care costs ,RESIDENTS (Medicine) ,ENVIRONMENTAL quality ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,PANEL analysis ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The Chinese government has not only been increasing investments in environmental protection, improving the quality of the ecological environment, but has also been focusing on curbing the excessive growth of medical and healthcare expenses so as to ease the economic burden of China's residents. Both aspects are significant concerns worldwide and have received much research attention individually, but the relationship between government environmental protection expenditure and residents' medical and healthcare expenditure remains unclear. Based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2019, this paper empirically reveals that fiscal environmental protection expenditure is significantly negatively correlated with per capita medical and healthcare expenditure of residents (including outpatient expenditure and inpatient expenditure). This study shows that increasing the fiscal environmental protection expenditure can help curb the rising level of residents' medical and healthcare expenditure. In addition, the results of heterogeneity analysis indicate that the above relationship is stronger in provinces with a relatively low level of economic development or low proportion of the population over 65 years old. Management implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
132. Official framing—portraying the implementation of an unpopular policy as responsive governance.
- Author
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Li, Yao
- Subjects
INCINERATION ,FRAMES (Social sciences) ,SOCIAL control ,PUBLIC demonstrations ,ORGANIZATIONAL legitimacy - Abstract
Official framing has received increasing attention in social movement studies. Yet current research often focuses on the negative side of framing, that is, how authorities vilify and demonize challengers to justify coercive reactions, whereas little scholarship has scrutinized positive framing, i.e., how officials recognize the legitimacy of citizens' grievances and portray state co-optation or conciliation as responsive governance. Neither does existing research examine institutional foundations of official framings. To address these omissions, this paper devises a conceptual framework of negative and positive framings, which incorporates the examination of a variety of formal and less formal institutions undergirding different types of framing strategies. I develop this conceptual framework through a case study of how a local government framed protest against waste incineration in China. It documents how authorities portray the implementation of an unpopular policy as responsive governance and how different institutions facilitate official frames. An in-depth analysis of official framing not only contributes to the development of studies of frames and contentious politics but to a better understanding of social control and legitimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
133. CLIMATE SECURITY OF PAKISTAN: DISSECTING THE CARBON DILEMMA
- Author
-
Tahir-ul-Mulk Kahlon and Syed Ahmad Talal
- Subjects
Public Policy ,Climate Change ,Environmental Governance ,Climate Security ,Carbon Sequestration ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 ,Private international law. Conflict of laws ,K7000-7720 - Abstract
Carbon accretion in the atmosphere is having widespread climatic impacts on Pakistan like reduced agricultural productivity, water shortage, and coastal erosion, etc. Tormented with a poor economy, any abrupt scarcity of livelihood resources can breed violence, crime, communal tensions, and a threat to national security. Encumbered by the financial and technical deficit, Pakistan is facing considerable challenges for crafting a pragmatic climate security regime. Significant divergence in the public and academic opinion on the nature of this threat have attributed to a sluggish policy response so far. This paper, therefore, focuses on Pakistan’s Carbon dilemma and critically examines its treatment in national climate policies. It calls for an integrated approach across multiple sectors and mainstreaming of a national security policy with climate-smart infrastructure that assimilates core national security resources. It further calls for political discourses that encompass food, energy, agriculture, health, and even diplomacy to overcome this national threat. Towards the end, this paper proffers some recommendations to mitigate threats to our climate security. Bibliography Entry Kahlon, Tahir-ul-Mulk, and Syed Ahmad Talal. 2020. "Climate Security of Pakistan: Dissecting the Carbon Dilemma." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 97-111.
- Published
- 2020
134. Environmental governance, technological innovation and employment structure change: evidence from China
- Author
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Yang, Luxin and Liu, Yucheng
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
135. 21 years of research for the twenty-first century: revisiting the journal of environmental policy and planning.
- Author
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Ellis, Geraint, Gerlak, Andrea K., Daugbjerg, Carsten, Feindt, Peter H., Metze, Tamara, and Wu, Xun
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
136. Rethinking strategy in environmental governance.
- Author
-
Van Assche, Kristof, Beunen, Raoul, Gruezmacher, Monica, and Duineveld, Martijn
- Abstract
This paper presents a novel framework for analyzing the formation and effects of strategies in environmental governance. It combines elements of management studies, strategy as practice thinking, social systems theory and evolutionary governance theory. It starts from the notion that governance and its constitutive elements are constantly evolving and that the formation of strategies and the effect strategies produce should be understood as elements of these ongoing dynamics. Strategy is analyzed in its institutional and narrative dimensions. The concept of reality effects is introduced to grasp the various ways in which discursive and material changes can be linked to strategy and to show that the identification of strategies can result from prior intention as well as a posteriori ascription. The observation of reality effects can enhance reality effects, and so does the observation of strategy. Different modes and levels of observation bring in different strategic potentialities: observation of self, of the governance context, and of the external environment. The paper synthesizes these ideas into a framework that conceptualizes strategies as productive fictions that require constant adaptation. They never entirely work out as expected or hoped for, yet these productive fictions are necessary and effective parts of planning and steering efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
137. 'That's What Fishers Do Now, We Collect Rubbish': The Making of Environmental Subjects in A Human-Disturbed Environment in Rio de Janeiro.
- Author
-
Lang, Luciana
- Subjects
MANGROVE swamps ,WASTE management ,FISHERS ,WASTE products ,FISHING villages - Abstract
This paper explores the productive potential of waste and the emergence of environmental subjects in an urban fishing community, which I call The Colony, in the periphery of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The shift to an environmental form of governance in the 1990s transformed its surrounding mangrove swamp into a product of policies and changed people's perception of material waste. If on the one hand discarded materials made it almost impossible for traditional fishers to maintain their livelihoods, on the other, undesirable outcomes of development enabled survival in capitalist ruins. Waste is not only a big bone of contention; it is a political stake with social, economic and environmental implications. In the process, waste is re-socialised and discourses are re-clad according to personal, ideological and political interests. I argue that the afterlife of waste is found in its potential productivity, in particular, in its capacity to produce relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
138. Toward Active Community Environmental Policing: Potentials and Limits of a Catalytic Model.
- Author
-
Davis, John-Michael and Garb, Yaakov
- Subjects
COMMUNITY policing ,ELECTRONIC waste management ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,ENVIRONMENTAL reporting ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,PRESCRIBED burning - Abstract
This paper offers a field tested community environmental policing model to address the pressing environmental management challenges of reducing e-waste burning in informal e-waste hubs, and enforcement against informal polluting industries more broadly. This is based on our intervention to reduce e-waste burning in a substantial informal e-waste hub in the West Bank, Palestine, a 45 km
2 region in which an estimated 5–10 metric tonnes of cables are burnt daily, causing serious environmental and public health consequences. In analogous e-waste hubs in the global South, environmental management solutions have focused on economically attractive alternatives to replace cable burning or policies that integrate informal recyclers with formal e-waste management systems—achieving little success. Our paper describes a two-pronged intervention in Palestine's e-waste hub, which reduced e-waste burning by 80% through a combination of economically competitive cable grinding services and an "active" community environmental policing initiative that lowered barriers to and successfully advocated for governmental policing of e-waste burning. Our discussion of this intervention addresses the community environmental policing literature, which has documented few successes stories of real improvements to the enforcement of environmental violations. We argue that existing strategies have relied on "passive" approaches comprised of monitoring and reporting environmental violations to advocate for change. Our strategy offers a template to improve outcomes through a more "active" approach, moving from monitoring environmental violations through understanding the rationale and dynamics of violators, identifying environmental policing barriers, and implementing a feasible and persuasive strategy to overcome them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
139. Are bottom-up approaches good for promoting social–ecological fit in urban landscapes?
- Author
-
Enqvist, Johan P., Tengö, Maria, and Bodin, Örjan
- Subjects
LAKE management ,URBAN lakes ,MUNICIPAL officials & employees ,CITIES & towns in art ,SOCIAL institutions ,LAKE ecology - Abstract
Bottom-up approaches are often presented as a remedy to environmental governance problems caused by poorly aligned social institutions and fragmented ecosystems. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence demonstrating how such social–ecological fit might emerge and help achieve desirable outcomes. This paper combines quantitative social–ecological network analysis with interviews to investigate whether bottom-up approaches in lake governance improve the fit. We study groups of residents seeking to improve management of a network of lakes in Bengaluru, India. Results show that 23 'lake groups' collaborate in a way that aligns with how lakes are hydrologically connected, thus strengthening the social–ecological fit. Three groups founded around 2010 have mobilized support from municipal officers and introduced an ecosystem-based approach to lake management that recognizes their ecological functions and dependence on, the broader hydrological network. These groups have also changed how other lake groups operate: groups founded after 2010 are more collaborative and more prone to contribute to social–ecological fit compared to the older lake groups. This paper demonstrates the utility of a theoretically informed method for examining the impact of bottom-up approaches, which, we argue, is important for a more informed perspective on their relevance and potential contribution to urban environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
140. The role of government social media in enhancing environmental governance.
- Author
-
Chang, Huyang, Li, Yixuan, and Liu, Mengdi
- Subjects
SOCIAL media ,INFORMATION & communication technologies ,DEVELOPING countries ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,ENVIRONMENTAL agencies - Abstract
In light of the advancements in information and communication technologies and growing concerns over environmental issues, environmental protection agencies are increasingly turning to official social media platforms to promote environmental governance, especially in rapidly developing nations. The adoption of government social media has improved the effectiveness of environmental governance in various aspects, while also presenting some challenges. This paper summarizes findings from recent literature on the role of government social media in enhancing environmental governance. It also highlights prospective research topics on the use of social media in e-government within environmental protection departments, including investigating efficient government-citizen communication strategies using social media tools, comprehensively addressing aspects of e-government from both supply and demand perspectives, and understanding the underlying factors that contribute to the varying operating patterns of different government social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
141. Multiple fragmentation as a challenge for municipal heat transition with biogenic residues and waste in rural areas in Germany.
- Author
-
Baasch, Stefanie
- Abstract
In Germany, heating accounts for half of the final energy consumption and is still based mainly on fossil fuels. Nevertheless, the transition to renewable heat has been widely criticized for progressing too slowly. To accelerate the heat transition, an increased use of biogenic residues and waste is discussed as a possible approach, as model calculations show considerable potential for these materials. This paper examines the barriers to an increased use of biogenic residues and waste in the context of municipal heat transition, including their use in district heating networks. The results are based on qualitative stakeholder and expert interviews and focus groups in rural municipalities in Germany. As a central finding, this study identifies the main barriers as multiple fragmentations in different areas (material, utilization paths, actor structure, framework conditions and knowledge) and their interdependencies. These findings contribute to a better understanding of structural obstacles of heat transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
142. La vivaistica forestale in Italia al bivio: sfide e strategie.
- Author
-
Mariotti, Barbara, Mezzalira, Giustino, Allasia, Enrico, Fazio, Francesco, Fiorentin, Roberto, Maltoni, Alberto, Marchetti, Marco, Matteucci, Giorgio, Mori, Paolo, Motta, Renzo, Piotti, Andrea, Rositi, Angela, Sabatti, Maurizio, Tognetti, Roberto, and Salbitano, Fabio
- Abstract
The recognition of the key role of forests in contrasting the dramatic effects of climate change and biodiversity crisis is the pillar of many initiatives on a global, European, and national scale calling for afforestation campaigns. The Italian forest nursery sector is currently inadequate to meet the demand for tree seedlings for the national campaigns. Forest nursery production is characterized by regional or local companies that are remarkably different from each other in organization and efficiency. It is therefore urgent to develop a comprehensive restructuring of the entire sector to be able to respond to the specific needs of forestry projects in Italy and Europe. In this paper, we present a series of key principles and criteria aimed at guiding the renaissance of the sector. Strategic actions are proposed by integrating research, governance, public/private partnership, training, and communication. The strategic approach presented is based on a collaborative structure integrating various skills and responsibilities. The first step is an expert review of the Basic Materials (BM) included in the National Register thanks to the development of the genetic studies of forest stands and the inclusion of shrub and herbaceous species, essentials for ecosystem restoration projects counteracting the biodiversity crisis. A series of actions concerns the aspects of certification, voluntary or prescriptive, of the quality of BM, and the ultimate harmonization of national production to European standards. Particular importance needs to be devoted to the collection, evaluation, and conservation of seeds to develop innovative solutions both for the production of BM and for specific implementation phases of afforestation projects and ecosystem restoration. The governance phase might be implemented through the creation of interregional centers with the duty of collecting and conserving seeds, thus enhancing the existing experiences of outstanding regional and provincial tree nurseries with the support of the National Centers for the study and conservation of Forest Biodiversity. Furthermore, the promotion of partnerships between public and private companies and the creation of a shared and accessible national platform represent strategic actions of primary importance. A fundamental role is then assigned to the implementation of training programs and the construction of an open and incremental communication plan. Thanks to these actions it will be possible to place forest nurseries at the center of the relationships between tree planting and afforestation plans and programs, integrated forest design, implementation of new forests, and their adaptive management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. Faith-Based Environmental Engagement in Canada: An Environmental Governance Perspective.
- Author
-
Moyer, Joanne M. and Sinclair, A. John
- Subjects
RELIGIOUS communities ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,COMMUNICATION infrastructure ,CIVIL society ,PARTICIPANT observation - Abstract
Changing trends in environmental governance over recent decades have brought more civil society involvement into decision-making processes. The participation of faith communities in these processes is under-researched and poorly understood. This paper applies a governance lens to features of faith organizations to explore their roles, strengths, and shortcomings in contributing to environmental governance. Data were collected through literature review, interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. The data reveal that governance strengths of faith organizations coalesce around providing space for dialogue, helping shape the values and direction of governance, and the existence of strong organizational infrastructure and networks to implement action. Capacity challenges are posed by declining membership in some communities and a large proportion of new immigrants in others. Our research findings also provide a foundation for future studies (as some of the first studies of this kind in Canada) by offering preliminary conclusions and questions for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. Legitimating the Antarctic Treaty System: from rich nations club to planetary ecological democracy?
- Author
-
Flamm, Patrick
- Subjects
TREATIES ,FOOD sovereignty ,GLOBAL warming ,COUNTRIES ,DEMOCRACY ,GEOPOLITICS - Abstract
Like other international institutions, the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) relies on the goodwill and self-binding commitment of its members. Legitimacy, understood as the belief in the 'rightfulness' of a governing arrangement by its stakeholders, lies at the heart of the ATS' success as a multilateral institution. Global warming and geopolitical power shifts are poised to challenge established forms of Antarctic legitimacy and effectiveness, with external calls for Antarctic democratisation and reform increasing. Using the concepts of input, output, and throughput legitimacy, this paper explores how the ATS has been legitimated as the only authoritative decision-making context for Antarctic matters, internally amongst Treaty Partners as well as externally towards the rest of the international community. It argues that the increase of input legitimacy through the inclusion of more consultative parties led to a perceived lack of output legitimacy for some especially environmental critics which illustrates the importance but also the limits of maintaining consensus about throughput legitimacy: the agreed upon processes and rules of decision-making. Finally, the analysis problematises the inhibiting centrality of nation states and the logic of sovereignty during times of global ecological and geopolitical change and asks how an ambitiously democratic future of Antarctic governance in the Anthropocene might look like. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. The career characteristics of China's prefectural environmental protection bureau heads with implication for the environmental governance.
- Author
-
Liu, Lei, Tang, Lixu, Liu, Rui, and Li, Mingyue
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,ENVIRONMENTAL management - Abstract
As the direct responsible cadre in China's local environmental management, the role of environmental protection bureau head (EPBH) is both critical and embarrassing. However, the profile of this group of cadres is largely unknown. This paper makes the first attempt to delineate China's prefectural EPBHs and find several distinct features. First, although advocated by the central authority, "be younger" has not been realized in the appointment of EPBH. On the contrary, older candidates have been more favored in recent years. Second, EPBH is primarily a political actor rather than professional actor. However, they have been bearing increasing political pressure due to professional task. Third, county governments and other prefectural departments are the most important sources of EPBH, while for general environmental officials, it is very hard to be promoted as EPBH. Fourth, the promotion chance of EPBH is relatively high and most of them have been promoted to county governments and other prefectural departments. Last, the number of EPBHs removed because of dereliction has increased notably, but only a small fraction was sanctioned for poor and fraud environmental supervision. Finally, corresponding suggestions are proposed to optimize the selection, appointment, and management of EPBH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Does the Central Environmental Protection Inspectorate Accountability System Improve Environmental Quality?
- Author
-
Feng, Li, Chen, Ziming, and Chen, Haisong
- Abstract
China is dedicated to enhancing the quality of its ecological environment, and the Central Environmental Protection Inspectorate (CEPI) system, which is an essential program for ecological civilization, has earned widespread acknowledgement for its efficacy in environmental improvement. This study investigated whether the CEPI accountability system contributed to enhancing the environmental quality by focusing on the CEPI accountability system. This study collected, explicitly, the number of people held accountable, the number of people being handed over for accountability, and the regions that the people held accountable were from; analyzed the current state of the CEPI accountability system in terms of the regional and batch differences in the accountability degree; and investigated whether the CEPI accountability system promoted environmental quality by using SPSS 10.00. The study discovered that, first and foremost, the CEPI system's scientific level has gradually improved, and the CEPI has been more precise in its accountability targets. Second, the CEPI enhances environmental quality, and significantly impacts wastewater-discharge reduction. Third, the CEPI system lacks sustainability. Finally, the paper presents several recommendations for enhancing the CEPI accountability system, with a particular focus on how to make the CEPI system more sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. Environmental governance: Broadening ontological spaces for a more livable world.
- Author
-
DePuy, Walker, Weger, Jacob, Foster, Katie, Bonanno, Anya M, Kumar, Suneel, Lear, Kristen, Basilio, Raul, and German, Laura
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS peoples ,INDIGENOUS rights ,BIODIVERSITY ,ONTOLOGY ,COLONIES ,PLURALISM - Abstract
This paper contributes to global debates on environmental governance by drawing on recent ontological scholarship to ask: What would it mean to ontologically engage the concept of environmental governance? By examining the ontological underpinnings of three environmental governance domains (land, water, biodiversity), we find that dominant contemporary environmental governance concepts and policy instruments are grounded in a modernist ontology which actively shapes the world, making certain aspects and relationships visible while invisibilizing others. We then survey ethnographic and other literature to highlight how such categories and their relations have been conceived otherwise and the implications of breaking out of a modernist ontology for environmental governance. Lastly, we argue that answering our opening question requires confronting the coloniality woven into the environmental governance project and consider how to instead embrace ontological pluralism in practice. In particular, we examine what taking seriously the right to self-determination enshrined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) could mean for acknowledging Indigenous ontologies as systems of governance in their own right; what challenges and opportunities exist for recognizing and translating ontologies across socio-legal regimes; and how embracing the dynamism and hybridity of ontologies might complicate or advance struggles for material and cognitive justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. Making particularity travel: Trust and citizen science data in Swedish environmental governance.
- Author
-
Kasperowski, Dick and Hagen, Niclas
- Subjects
CITIZEN science ,INSCRIPTIONS ,FILTERING software ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,COMPUTER software ,ENVIRONMENTAL law ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems - Abstract
This paper focuses on how particularities are performed and made to travel through the creation of trust. The Swedish Species Observation System (Artportalen) is one of the largest inscription and calculation centers for citizen data in the world, used extensively by public authorities in Sweden. Observations by members of the public become actionable through environmental governance laws in Sweden. These observations are made through networks of things and humans in which trust is created but unevenly distributed. Important for them to be trusted and to travel are such things as computer software to filter and map observations, red lists, GIS-tools to determine time and place, and validation committees. However, trust is more concentrated in a core set of actors, and there depends on interpersonal relations – though these relations are facilitated by other parts of the epistemic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. What makes a national park? Multiple environmentalities and politics of scale in governing Laos’ protected areas
- Author
-
Persson, Joel, Mertz, Ole, and Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Performative politics of REDD+ experts: Siloed discourses and a missed opportunity.
- Author
-
Kono, Aki and Upton, Caroline
- Subjects
CAREER development ,FOREST degradation ,POWER (Social sciences) ,PRACTICAL politics ,DISCOURSE - Abstract
This paper examines the role of experts in implementing Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) initiatives at the national level and explores the performative politics and power dynamics involved. Original research conducted in Malaysia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, where REDD+ efforts were underway, provides the empirical basis for the study. The findings reveal tensions between the official win-win narrative of REDD+ and the reflective perspectives of experts based on their empirical knowledge and unique positionalities. These tensions raise questions about the underlying norms and values associated with REDD+. However, the pursuit of professional development within the international development and conservation sector, reliant on donor funding, impedes constructive reflection. The alignment of experts with donor visions for career advancement contributes to this obstacle. Therefore, the paper argues for creating space for a more reflexive approach among scholars and practitioners to foster comprehensive reflection and a fundamental rethink of the future of REDD+. • Examination of REDD+ experts' discourses at the national level reveals another operational challenge for REDD+. • Empirical observations and past experiences of REDD+ experts raise doubts about the core norms and values of REDD+. • The lack of emphasis on this empirical knowledge in international policy processes hinders REDD+'s progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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