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Constructing on soft clay entails engineering challenges, such as significant volumetric changes; hence, stabilizing such problematic soil is essential. Since using lime in stabilizing soil is not recommended in some regions (e.g., Manitoba, Canada) due to some environmental concerns, there is a pressing need to explore suitable alternatives. This study investigates the efficiency of stabilizing soft clay using nano-modified cementitious binders (cement, slag, and nano-silica), reinforced with a new class of fibers (basalt fiber pellets). The mechanical and durability properties of the mixtures have been tested in terms of California bearing ratio, unconsolidated–undrained triaxial stresses, and freezing–thawing resistance. Thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscope analyses were performed to interpret the bulk trends. The results showed significant improvement for soft clay specimens stabilized with the nano-modified cementitious binders and reinforced with the pellets. This demonstrates the potential of the proposed reinforced binders for field applications involving the stabilization of soft soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]