25 results on '"Guo, Chang"'
Search Results
2. MsYSL6 , A Metal Transporter Gene of Alfalfa, Increases Iron Accumulation and Benefits Cadmium Resistance.
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Zhang, Miao, Chang, Meng-Han, Li, Hong, Shu, Yong-Jun, Bai, Yan, Gao, Jing-Yun, Zhu, Jing-Xuan, Dong, Xiao-Yu, Guo, Dong-Lin, and Guo, Chang-Hong
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IRON ,CADMIUM ,HEAVY metals ,GENE expression ,METALS ,IRON deficiency ,ALFALFA - Abstract
Iron (Fe) is necessary for plant growth and development. The mechanism of uptake and translocation in Cadmium (Cd) is similar to iron, which shares iron transporters. Yellow stripe-like transporter (YSL) plays a pivotal role in transporting iron and other metal ions in plants. In this study, MsYSL6 and its promoter were cloned from leguminous forage alfalfa. The transient expression of MsYSL6-GFP indicated that MsYSL6 was localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. The expression of MsYSL6 was induced in alfalfa by iron deficiency and Cd stress, which was further proved by GUS activity driven by the MsYSL6 promoter. To further identify the function of MsYSL6, it was heterologously overexpressed in tobacco. MsYSL6-overexpressed tobacco showed better growth and less oxidative damage than WT under Cd stress. MsYSL6 overexpression elevated Fe and Cd contents and induced a relatively high Fe translocation rate in tobacco under Cd stress. The results suggest that MsYSL6 might have a dual function in the absorption of Fe and Cd, playing a role in the competitive absorption between Fe and Cd. MsYSL6 might be a regulatory factor in plants to counter Cd stress. This study provides a novel gene for application in heavy metal enrichment or phytoremediation and new insights into plant tolerance to toxic metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. MsNRAMP2 Enhances Tolerance to Iron Excess Stress in Nicotiana tabacum and MsMYB Binds to Its Promoter.
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Li, Run-Tian, Yang, Yun-Jiao, Liu, Wen-Jun, Liang, Wen-Wei, Zhang, Miao, Dong, Shi-Chen, Shu, Yong-Jun, Guo, Dong-Lin, Guo, Chang-Hong, and Bi, Ying-Dong
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TRACE metals ,IRON ,NOXIOUS weeds ,GENE expression ,TRACE elements - Abstract
Iron(Fe) is a trace metal element necessary for plant growth, but excess iron is harmful to plants. Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) are important for divalent metal transport in plants. In this study, we isolated the MsNRAMP2 (MN_547960) gene from alfalfa, the perennial legume forage. The expression of MsNRAMP2 is specifically induced by iron excess. Overexpression of MsNRAMP2 conferred transgenic tobacco tolerance to iron excess, while it conferred yeast sensitivity to excess iron. Together with the MsNRAMP2 gene, MsMYB (MN_547959) expression is induced by excess iron. Y1H indicated that the MsMYB protein could bind to the "CTGTTG" cis element of the MsNRAMP2 promoter. The results indicated that MsNRAMP2 has a function in iron transport and its expression might be regulated by MsMYB. The excess iron tolerance ability enhancement of MsNRAMP2 may be involved in iron transport, sequestration, or redistribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Soybean GmVIT1 Gene Confers Plant Tolerance to Excess Fe/Mn Stress.
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Li, Tong, Zhang, Xue-Meng, Gao, Jia-Lu, Wang, Ling, Si, Liang, Shu, Yong-Jun, Guo, Chang-Hong, Lai, Yong-Cai, Bi, Ying-Dong, and Guo, Dong-Lin
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PLANT genes ,IRON ,GENE expression ,PHYTOTOXICITY ,CROP improvement ,SOYBEAN - Abstract
Iron (Fe) and (Mn) are essential for the plant but are toxic when in excess. Vacuolar iron transporters (VITs) are involved in plant metal storage and detoxication. In this study, we screened two soybean cultivars (HN51 and SN37) with different responses to iron stress. From HN51 and SN37, we identified a new gene GmVIT1, for which expression is closely related to iron stress response by transcriptomic and quantitative analysis. We obtained GmVIT1 and GmVIT1 promoter from the iron deficiency-tolerant soybean variety Heinong51. Sequence analysis showed that GmVIT1 contained a conserved 170-residue VIT domain and localized at the tonoplast. Moreover, GmVIT1 is expressed in soybean leaves, stems, and roots. The expression of GmVIT1 was significantly induced by excessive Fe/Mn in leaves and stems. GUS assay showed that excess Fe/Mn enhanced GmVIT1 promoter activity. Furthermore, overexpression of GmVIT1 in Arabidopsis seedlings showed reduced phytotoxic effects induced by excess Fe/Mn stress, including yellowing in leaves, decreased chlorophyll content, and accumulated MDA. GmVIT1 overexpression in Arabidopsis showed relatively higher soluble sugar content and SOD, POD, and CAT activity. In addition, the ferric reductase activity in GmVIT1 overexpression in Arabidopsis decreased under excess Fe, while it increased under excess Mn. By integrating all these results, we found that GmVIT1 plays a vital role in plant response to excess Fe/Mn. The results showed that GmVIT1 was worthy of metal homeostasis mechanism research in plants and could be applied in the metal toxic-tolerance improvement in crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Administration of GDF3 Into Septic Mice Improves Survival via Enhancing LXRα-Mediated Macrophage Phagocytosis
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Xiaohong Wang, Shu-Nan Cui, Hongyan Zhao, Vivian Wolfe, Tianqing Peng, Xingjiang Mu, Guo-Chang Fan, Yutian Li, Lu Wang, Chunting Wang, Peng Wang, and Basilia Zingarelli
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lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Benzylamines ,LXRα ,Phagocytosis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Gene Expression ,macrophage ,Benzoates ,Microbiology ,sepsis ,CD5L ,Mice ,Downregulation and upregulation ,medicine ,Macrophage ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Liver X receptor ,Cells, Cultured ,Original Research ,Liver X Receptors ,Innate immune system ,Chemistry ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Macrophages ,growth differentiation factor 3 ,phagocytosis ,In vitro ,Recombinant Proteins ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Cytokine ,RAW 264.7 Cells ,Liver ,Cytokines ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,Intracellular - Abstract
The defective eradication of invading pathogens is a major cause of death in sepsis. As professional phagocytic cells, macrophages actively engulf/kill microorganisms and play essential roles in innate immune response against pathogens. Growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) was previously implicated as an important modulator of inflammatory response upon acute sterile injury. In this study, administration of recombinant GDF3 protein (rGDF3) either before or after CLP surgery remarkably improved mouse survival, along with significant reductions in bacterial load, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and organ damage. Notably, our in vitro experiments revealed that rGDF3 treatment substantially promoted macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis results showed that CD5L, known to be regulated by liver X receptor α (LXRα), was the most significantly upregulated gene in rGDF3-treated macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that rGDF3 could promote LXRα nuclear translocation and thereby, augmented phagocytosis activity in macrophages, which was similar as LXRα agonist GW3965 did. By contrast, pre-treating macrophages with LXRα antagonist GSK2033 abolished beneficial effects of rGDF3 in macrophages. In addition, rGDF3 treatment failed to enhance bacteria uptake and killing in LXRα-knockout (KO) macrophages. Taken together, these results uncover that GDF3 may represent a novel mediator for controlling bacterial infection.
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- 2021
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6. Deletion of JEN1 and ADY2 reduces lactic acid yield from an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in xylose medium, expressing a heterologous lactate dehydrogenase
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Yong Su Jin, Lahiru N. Jayakody, Heejin Kim, Guo Chang Zhang, Timothy L. Turner, Stephan Lane, and Whiyeon Cho
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Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Down-Regulation ,Gene Expression ,Xylose ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Fungal Proteins ,Metabolic engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lactate dehydrogenase ,Lactic Acid ,Transgenes ,Sequence Deletion ,Ethanol ,L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ,Symporters ,biology ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Yeast ,Lactic acid ,Glucose ,Metabolic Engineering ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Fermentation ,NAD+ kinase ,Rhizopus - Abstract
Microorganisms have evolved to produce specific end products for many reasons, including maintaining redox balance between NAD+ and NADH. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for example, produces ethanol as a primary end product from glucose for the regeneration of NAD+. Engineered S. cerevisiae strains have been developed to ferment lignocellulosic sugars, such as xylose, to produce lactic acid by expression of a heterologous lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA from Rhizopus oryzae) without genetic perturbation to the native ethanol pathway. Surprisingly, the engineered yeast strains predominantly produce ethanol from glucose, but produce lactic acid as the major product from xylose. Here, we provide initial evidence that the shift in product formation from ethanol to lactic acid during xylose fermentation is at least partially dependent on the presence of functioning monocarboxylate transporter genes/proteins, including JEN1 and ADY2, which are downregulated and unstable in the presence of glucose, but upregulated/stable on xylose. Future yeast metabolic engineering studies may find the feedstock/carbon selection, such as xylose, an important step toward improving the yield of target end products.
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- 2019
7. MiRNA-Mediated Macrophage Polarization and its Potential Role in the Regulation of Inflammatory Response
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Kobina Essandoh, Jiuzhou Huo, Guo-Chang Fan, and Yutian Li
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0301 basic medicine ,Antigen presentation ,Macrophage polarization ,Biology ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Article ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,microRNA ,Gene expression ,Animals ,Humans ,Transcription factor ,Inflammation ,Innate immune system ,Macrophages ,Cell Polarity ,Macrophage Activation ,Acquired immune system ,Cell biology ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Emergency Medicine - Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are important components of the immune system, specialized in either removing pathogens as part of innate immunity or contributing to adaptive immunity through antigen presentation. Essential to such functions is classical activation (M1) and alternative activation (M2) of macrophages. M1 polarization of macrophages is characterized by production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial and tumoricidal activity, whereas M2 polarization of macrophages is linked to immunosuppression, tumorigenesis, wound repair, and elimination of parasites. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with the ability to regulate gene expression and network of cellular processes. A number of studies have determined miRNA expression profiles in M1 and M2 polarized human and murine macrophages using microarray and RT-qPCR arrays techniques. More specifically, miR-9, miR-127, miR-155, and miR-125b have been shown to promote M1 polarization while miR-124, miR-223, miR-34a, let-7c, miR-132, miR-146a, and miR-125a-5p induce M2 polarization in macrophages by targeting various transcription factors and adaptor proteins. Further, M1 and M2 phenotypes play distinctive roles in cell growth and progression of inflammation-related diseases such as sepsis, obesity, cancer, and multiple sclerosis. Hence, miRNAs that modulate macrophage polarization may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. This review highlights recent findings in miRNA expression profiles in polarized macrophages from murine and human sources, and summarizes how these miRNAs regulate macrophage polarization. Last, therapeutic potential of miRNAs in inflammation-related diseases through modulation of macrophage polarization is also discussed.
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- 2016
8. Calpain-2 promotes MKP-1 expression protecting cardiomyocytes in both in vitro and in vivo mouse models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
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Dong Zheng, Zhaoliang Su, Jeffrey Robbins, Tianqing Peng, Long-Sheng Song, Jianmin Li, Rui Ni, Yi Zhang, and Guo-Chang Fan
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0301 basic medicine ,Genetically modified mouse ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Phosphatase ,Gene Expression ,Apoptosis ,Mice, Transgenic ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pharmacology ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Tensin ,PTEN ,Animals ,Doxorubicin ,Myocytes, Cardiac ,Protein kinase B ,Cells, Cultured ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Gene knockdown ,Cardiotoxicity ,biology ,Chemistry ,Calpain ,Myocardium ,Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 ,Heart ,General Medicine ,Up-Regulation ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We recently reported that doxorubicin decreased the expression of calpain-1/2, while inhibition of calpain activity promoted doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in mice. In this study, we investigated whether and how elevation of calpain-2 could affect doxorubicin-triggered cardiac injury. Transgenic mice with inducible cardiomyocyte-specific expression of calpain-2 were generated. An acute cardiotoxicity was induced in both transgenic mice and their relevant wild-type littermates by injection of a single dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/kg) and cardiac injury was analyzed 5 days after doxorubicin injection. Cardiomyocyte-specific up-regulation of calpain-2 did not induce any adverse cardiac phenotypes under physiological conditions by age 3 months, but significantly reduced myocardial injury and improved myocardial function in doxorubicin-treated mice. Cardiac protection of calpain-2 up-regulation was also observed in a mouse model of chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Up-regulation of calpain-2 increased the protein levels of mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes and heart tissues. Over-expression of MKP-1 prevented, whereas knockdown of MKP-1 augmented doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, knockdown of MKP-1 offset calpain-2-elicited protective effects against doxorubicin-induced injury in cultured cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, up-regulation of calpain-2 reduced the protein levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog and consequently promoted Akt activation, leading to increased MKP-1 protein steady state levels by inhibiting its degradation. Collectively, this study reveals a new role of calpain-2 in promoting MKP-1 expression via phosphatase and tensin homolog/Akt signalling. This study also suggests that calpain-2/MKP-1 signaling may represent new therapeutic targets for doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury.
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- 2019
9. Acupotomy Contributes to Suppressing Subchondral Bone Resorption in KOA Rabbits by Regulating the OPG/RANKL Signaling Pathway.
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Wang, Tong, Guo, Yan, Shi, Xiao-Wei, Gao, Yang, Zhang, Jia-Yi, Wang, Chun-Jiu, Yang, Xue, Shu, Qi, Chen, Xi-Lin, Fu, Xin-Yi, Xie, Wen-Shan, Zhang, Yi, Li, Bin, and Guo, Chang-Qing
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OSTEOARTHRITIS treatment ,KNEE diseases ,BIOMARKERS ,OSTEOCLASTS ,BONE resorption ,ACUPUNCTURE ,OSTEOCALCIN ,ANIMAL experimentation ,SIGNAL peptides ,RABBITS ,OSTEOBLASTS ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,MATRIX metalloproteinases ,GENE expression ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ARTICULAR cartilage ,LIGANDS (Biochemistry) - Abstract
Subchondral bone lesions, as the crucial inducement for accelerating cartilage degeneration, have been considered as the initiating factor and the potential therapeutic target of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Acupotomy, the biomechanical therapy guided by traditional Chinese meridians theory, alleviates cartilage deterioration by correcting abnormal mechanics. Whether this mechanical effect of acupotomy inhibits KOA subchondral bone lesions is indistinct. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acupotomy on inhibiting subchondral bone resorption and to define the possible mechanism in immobilization-induced KOA rabbits. After KOA modeling, 8 groups of rabbits (4w/6w acupotomy, 4w/6w electroacupuncture, 4w/6w model, and 4w/6w control groups) received the indicated intervention for 3 weeks. Histological and bone histomorphometry analyses revealed that acupotomy prevented both cartilage surface erosion and subchondral bone loss. Further, acupotomy suppressed osteoclast activity and enhanced osteoblast activity in KOA subchondral bone, showing a significantly decreased expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K (Ctsk) and a significantly increased expression of osteocalcin (OCN); this regulation may be mediated by blocking the decrease in osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the increase in NF- κ B receptor activated protein ligand (RANKL). These findings indicated that acupotomy inhibited osteoclast activity and promoted osteoblast activity to ameliorate hyperactive subchondral bone resorption and cartilage degeneration in immobilization-induced KOA rabbits, which may be mediated by the OPG/RANKL signaling pathway. Taken together, our results indicate that acupotomy may have therapeutic potential in KOA by restoring the balance between bone formation and bone resorption to attenuate subchondral bone lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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10. Jiaotai Pill (交泰丸) Alleviates Insomnia through Regulating Monoamine and Organic Cation Transporters in Rats.
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Li, Zhi-hui, Ma, Peng-kai, Huang, Yun-fang, Zhang, Zhe, Zheng, Wei, Chen, Jian-hua, Guo, Chang-e, Chen, Ning, Bi, Xin-ning, and Zhang, Yu-jie
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CITALOPRAM ,HERBAL medicine ,PHENYLALANINE ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,ANIMAL experimentation ,MAPROTILINE ,WESTERN immunoblotting ,MOVEMENT disorders ,INTRAPERITONEAL injections ,RATS ,WEIGHT gain ,GAS chromatography ,GENE expression ,BUPROPION ,MASS spectrometry ,INSOMNIA ,SWIMMING ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,CHINESE medicine ,DIAZEPAM ,MONOAMINE oxidase inhibitors ,CARRIER proteins ,PHARMACOKINETICS ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Objective: To reveal the effect and mechanism of Jiaotai Pill (交泰丸, JTP) on insomniac rats. Methods: The insomniac model was established by intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). In behavioral experiments, rats were divided into control, insomniac model, JTP [3.3 g/(kg•d)], and diazepam [4 mg/(kg•d)] groups. The treatment effect of JTP was evaluated by weight measurement (increasement of body weight), open field test (number of crossings) and forced swimming test (immobility time). A high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method was built to determine the concentration of monoamine transmitters in hypothalamus and peripheral organs from normal, model, JTP, citalopram [30 mg/(kg•d)], maprotiline [40 mg/(kg•d)] and bupropion [40 mg/(kg•d)] groups. Expressions of serotonin transporter (SERT), dopamine transporter (DAT), and norepinephrine transporter (NET) were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot in normal, model and JTP groups. A high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established to determine the pharmacokinetics, urine cumulative excretion of metformin in vivo, and tissue slice uptake in vitro, which were applied to assess the activity of organic cation transporters (OCTs) in hypothalamus and peripheral organs. Results: Compared with the insomniac model group, the body weight and spontaneous locomotor were increased, and the immobility time was decreased after treatment with JTP (P<0.01). Both serotonin and dopamine contents in hypothalamus and peripheral organs were increased (P<0.01). The norepinephrine content was increased in peripheral organs and decreased in hypothalamus (P<0.05 or P<0.01). At the same time, SERT, DAT, OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3 were down-regulated in hypothalamus and peripheral organs (P<0.05). NET was down-regulated in peripheral organs and up-regulated in hypothalamus (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, the activity of OCTs in hypothalamus and peripheral organs was inhibited (P<0.05). Conclusion: JTP alleviates insomnia through regulation of monoaminergic system and OCTs in hypothalamus and peripheral organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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11. Metabolic Engineering of Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii
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In Iok Kong, Jung Hoon Sohn, Suryang Kwak, Peng-Fei Xia, Guo Chang Zhang, Heejin Kim, Yong Su Jin, Lahiru N. Jayakody, Jingjing Liu, Christopher V. Rao, Hanna E. Walukiewicz, and Bong Hyun Sung
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0301 basic medicine ,Genetics ,Genetics, Microbial ,Ecology ,Auxotrophy ,Probiotics ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Gene Expression ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Recombinant Proteins ,Metabolic engineering ,03 medical and health sciences ,Saccharomyces ,030104 developmental biology ,Genome editing ,Metabolic Engineering ,CRISPR ,URA3 ,Gene ,Molecular Biology ,Food Science ,Saccharomyces boulardii ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast that has been used for promoting gut health as well as preventing diarrheal diseases. This yeast not only exhibits beneficial phenotypes for gut health but also can stay longer in the gut than Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Therefore, S. boulardii is an attractive host for metabolic engineering to produce biomolecules of interest in the gut. However, the lack of auxotrophic strains with defined genetic backgrounds has hampered the use of this strain for metabolic engineering. Here, we report the development of well-defined auxotrophic mutants ( leu2 , ura3 , his3 , and trp1 ) through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9-based genome editing. The resulting auxotrophic mutants can be used as a host for introducing various genetic perturbations, such as overexpression or deletion of a target gene, using existing genetic tools for S. cerevisiae . We demonstrated the overexpression of a heterologous gene ( lacZ ), the correct localization of a target protein (red fluorescent protein) into mitochondria by using a protein localization signal, and the introduction of a heterologous metabolic pathway (xylose-assimilating pathway) in the genome of S. boulardii . We further demonstrated that human lysozyme, which is beneficial for human gut health, could be secreted by S. boulardii . Our results suggest that more sophisticated genetic perturbations to improve S. boulardii can be performed without using a drug resistance marker, which is a prerequisite for in vivo applications using engineered S. boulardii .
- Published
- 2016
12. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors of Plant Origin in the Prevention and Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Minireview.
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Qiu, Longxin, Guo, Chang, and Hua, Baoyu
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LIPID metabolism , *ALCOHOLIC liver diseases , *ALDEHYDES , *CYTOKINES , *ENZYME inhibitors , *GENE expression , *INFLAMMATORY mediators , *LIVER , *MEDICINAL plants , *LIPID peroxidation (Biology) , *MOLECULAR structure , *OXIDOREDUCTASES , *PROTEIN kinases , *RODENTS , *PLANT extracts , *OXIDATIVE stress , *CHEMICAL inhibitors , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is caused by heavy alcohol consumption over a long period. Acetaldehyde-mediated toxicity, oxidative stress, and imbalance of lipid metabolism are generally considered involved in the initiation of ALD. There is an increasing requirement for alternative and natural medicine to treat ALD. Recently, aldose reductase (AR) has been reported to be involved in the development of ALD by affecting inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism. Here, we review the effect of plant-derived AR inhibitors on ALD in rodents. And we conclude that AR inhibitors of plant origin may enhance antioxidant capacity, inhibit lipid peroxidation and inflammatory cytokines expression, and activate AMP-activated protein kinase thereby subsequently suppressing alcohol-induced lipid synthesis in liver to achieve ALD protection. This review reveals that natural AR inhibitor may be potential therapeutic agent for ALD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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13. Calpain-2 promotes MKP-1 expression protecting cardiomyocytes in both in vitro and in vivo mouse models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
- Author
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Zhang, Yi, Zheng, Dong, Ni, Rui, Peng, Tianqing, Su, Zhaoliang, Fan, Guo-Chang, Robbins, Jeffrey, Song, Long-Sheng, and Li, Jianmin
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CALPAIN genetics ,DUAL specificity phosphatase 1 ,GENE expression ,HEART cells ,MICE ,ANIMAL models in research ,DOXORUBICIN ,CARDIOTOXICITY - Abstract
We recently reported that doxorubicin decreased the expression of calpain-1/2, while inhibition of calpain activity promoted doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in mice. In this study, we investigated whether and how elevation of calpain-2 could affect doxorubicin-triggered cardiac injury. Transgenic mice with inducible cardiomyocyte-specific expression of calpain-2 were generated. An acute cardiotoxicity was induced in both transgenic mice and their relevant wild-type littermates by injection of a single dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/kg) and cardiac injury was analyzed 5 days after doxorubicin injection. Cardiomyocyte-specific up-regulation of calpain-2 did not induce any adverse cardiac phenotypes under physiological conditions by age 3 months, but significantly reduced myocardial injury and improved myocardial function in doxorubicin-treated mice. Cardiac protection of calpain-2 up-regulation was also observed in a mouse model of chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Up-regulation of calpain-2 increased the protein levels of mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes and heart tissues. Over-expression of MKP-1 prevented, whereas knockdown of MKP-1 augmented doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, knockdown of MKP-1 offset calpain-2-elicited protective effects against doxorubicin-induced injury in cultured cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, up-regulation of calpain-2 reduced the protein levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog and consequently promoted Akt activation, leading to increased MKP-1 protein steady-state levels by inhibiting its degradation. Collectively, this study reveals a new role of calpain-2 in promoting MKP-1 expression via phosphatase and tensin homolog/Akt signaling. This study also suggests that calpain-2/MKP-1 signaling may represent new therapeutic targets for doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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14. The small airway epithelium as a target for the adverse pulmonary effects of silver nanoparticle inhalation.
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Guo, Chang, Buckley, Alison, Marczylo, Tim, Seiffert, Joanna, Römer, Isabella, Warren, James, Hodgson, Alan, Chung, Kian Fan, Gant, Timothy W., Smith, Rachel, and Leonard, Martin O.
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SILVER nanoparticles , *INHALATION injuries , *INFLAMMATION , *GENOMICS , *EPITHELIAL cells , *LUNG diseases , *GENE expression - Abstract
Experimental modeling to identify specific inhalation hazards for nanomaterials has in the main focused on in vivo approaches. However, these models suffer from uncertainties surrounding species-specific differences and cellular targets for biologic response. In terms of pulmonary exposure, approaches which combine ‘inhalation-like’ nanoparticulate aerosol deposition with relevant human cell and tissue air-liquid interface cultures are considered an important complement to in vivo work. In this study, we utilized such a model system to build on previous results from in vivo exposures, which highlighted the small airway epithelium as a target for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) deposition. RNA-SEQ was used to characterize alterations in mRNA and miRNA within the lung. Organotypic-reconstituted 3D human primary small airway epithelial cell cultures (SmallAir) were exposed to the same spark-generated AgNP and at the same dose used in vivo, in an aerosol-exposure air-liquid interface (AE-ALI) system. Adverse effects were characterized using lactate, LDH release and alterations in mRNA and miRNA. Modest toxicological effects were paralleled by significant regulation in gene expression, reflective mainly of specific inflammatory events. Importantly, there was a level of concordance between gene expression changes observed in vitro and in vivo. We also observed a significant correlation between AgNP and mass equivalent silver ion (Ag+) induced transcriptional changes in SmallAir cultures. In addition to key mechanistic information relevant for our understanding of the potential health risks associated with AgNP inhalation exposure, this work further highlights the small airway epithelium as an important target for adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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15. The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Gynura formosana Kitam. Leaves Inhibited Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation via Induction of Autophagy.
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Ma, Jing Fan, Wei, Peng Fei, Guo, Chang, Shi, Yuan Peng, Lv, Yang, Qiu, Long Xin, and Wen, Long Ping
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AUTOPHAGY ,CELL proliferation ,ACETIC acid ,APOPTOSIS ,CELL lines ,CHLOROQUINE ,CYTOSKELETAL proteins ,DNA ,DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology ,ETHANOL ,GENE expression ,HERBAL medicine ,LEAVES ,CHINESE medicine ,CERVIX uteri tumors - Abstract
Gynura formosana Kitam. belongs to the Compositae family and has been traditionally used for the prevention of cancer, diabetes, and inflammation in China. Previous studies had indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of Gynura formosana Kitam. leaves (EAEG) exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In this report, we demonstrated that EAEG possessed potent anticancer activity through autophagy-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. EAEG induced a strong cytostatic effect towards HeLa cells and, to a lesser extent, HepG2 and MCF-7 cells. This cytostatic effect of EAEG was not a consequence of increased apoptosis, as neither DNA fragmentation nor change in protein expression level for a number of apoptosis-related genes including Bid, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 was observed after EAEG treatment, and the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK did not inhibit the EAEG-elicited cytostatic effect. On the other hand, EAEG induced autophagy in a dose-dependent fashion, as shown by increased GFP puncta formation, enhanced conversion of the microtubule-associated protein light chain LC3-I to LC3-II, and downregulation of the p62 protein. Treating the HeLa cells with EAEG together with Chloroquine (CQ) further accelerated LC3 conversion and p62 clearance, indicating that EAEG induced complete autophagy flux. Importantly, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) significantly abrogated the cytostatic effect of EAEG, strongly suggesting that EAEG inhibited HeLa cell proliferation through the induction of autophagy rather than apoptosis. Our results provided a novel and interesting mechanistic insight into the anticancer action of EAEG, supporting the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of the cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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16. Effect of Acupotomy on FAK-PI3K Signaling Pathways in KOA Rabbit Articular Cartilages.
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Ma, Shi-Ning, Xie, Zhan-guo, Guo, Yan, Yu, Jia-Ni, Lu, Juan, Zhang, Wei, Wang, Li-Juan, Xu, Jing, Zhao, Rui-Li, Zhou, Shuai, and Guo, Chang-Qing
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ACUPUNCTURE ,ANIMAL experimentation ,ARTICULAR cartilage ,BIOLOGICAL models ,CARTILAGE cells ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,COMPARATIVE studies ,ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ,GENE expression ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,PROTEINS ,RABBITS ,STATISTICAL sampling ,WESTERN immunoblotting ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objective. By observing the needle-knife of KOA rabbit morphology, knee joint cartilage p-FAK, p-PI3K, Aggrecan gene, and protein expression, to study the effect of needle-knife to promote cartilage cell synthesis metabolism mechanism. Method. 49 male New Zealand rabbits, randomly divided into normal group (Z), model group (M), model-inhibitors (MP), needle-knife group (D), needle-knife inhibitors group (DP), electroacupuncture group (E), and electroacupuncture inhibitors (EP). RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to test each animal cartilage p-FAK, p-PI3K, and Aggrecan gene and protein expression level. Results. Compared with N group, p-FAK and p-PI3K protein and mRNA expression of M group, D group, and E group increased (P < 0.05), while the protein and mRNA expression of Aggrecan reduced (P < 0.05). Compared with M group, p-FAK, p-PI3K, Aggrecan protein, and mRNA of E and D group increased (P < 0.05). Compared with E group, p-FAK, p-PI3K, Aggrecan protein, and mRNA expression of D group increased (P < 0.05); after adding inhibitors, p-FAK, p-PI3K, Aggrecan protein, and mRNA expression reduced (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Needle-knife therapy can promote the repairment of cartilage cells by activating FAK-PI3K signaling pathways, promoting the synthesis of cartilage cell metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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17. Population-specific genome-wide mapping of expression quantitative trait loci in the colon of Han Chinese.
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Guo, Chang Cun, Wei, Ni, Liang, Shu Hui, Wang, Biao Luo, Sha, Su Mei, and Wu, Kai Chun
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INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases , *GENE mapping , *GENE expression , *LOCUS (Genetics) , *CHINESE people , *GENETICS , *DISEASES - Abstract
Objective To establish the colonic expression quantitative trait locus map in Han Chinese population and provide a functional reference for interpreting genetic associations of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods Colonic mucosal biopsies and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 48 Chinese Han individuals (24 ulcerative colitis patients and 24 healthy controls). Transcription profiling was performed using human whole genome expression array. Genotyping was done using a population-specific genotype array. Imputation was performed using IMPUTE2. Association between genotypes and gene expression was analyzed using a Matrix Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) R package to identify eQTL. We used ChIPpeakAnno R package for annotation of the eQTL. Linkage disequilibrium between the eQTL and IBD risk loci was also investigated. Results We identified 6 377 single nucleotide polymorphism-transcript interactions ( cis-eQTL) in the colon of the Chinese participants. Most of the eQTL located near the transcription starting sites and overlapped with histone modification marks on the genome. A significant proportion of the eQTL were found to be within transcription factor-binding sites. Two IBD risk loci were found to be colon cis-eQTL in Chinese individuals, and 51 cis-eQTL were identified in another 18 IBD risk loci. Conclusions This study defined a population-specific catalogue of colon eQTL in the Chinese population. Potential functional variants of IBD association signals were identified. We provided a useful reference dataset for fine mapping IBD risk loci and identifying causal variants in the Chinese Han population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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18. Cardioprotective Effect of Micro RNA-21 in Murine Myocardial Infarction.
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Gu, Guo‐Long, Xu, Xiao‐Lin, Sun, Xiao‐Tian, Zhang, Ji, Guo, Chang‐Fa, Wang, Chun‐Sheng, Sun, Bing, Guo, Gong‐Liang, Ma, Ke, Huang, Yuan‐Yuan, Sun, Li‐Qun, and Wang, Yi‐Qing
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MYOCARDIAL infarction treatment ,CARDIOTONIC agents ,MICRORNA ,LABORATORY mice ,GENE expression ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Introduction To investigate the cardioprotective effect of Micro RNA-21 (miR-21) in murine myocardial infarction ( MI). Methods Forty C57 BL/6 male mice were divided into sham group, MI group, LV- GFP group, and miR-21 group. Mice in the MI group, LV- GFP group, and miR-21 group were subjected to MI by left anterior descending artery ( LAD) ligation, while chest was opened/closed without ligation in sham group. In MI group, expression of miR-21 in the MI area and its surrounding areas was detected at 1st, 2nd, and 4th week after experiment. Subsequently, lentivirus expressing miR-21 and lentivirus that did not express miR-21 were transfected into mice left ventricular cavity of miR-21 group and LV- GFP group, respectively. Cardiac function, MI size, miR-21 expression, collagen I level, fibronectin content, number of α- SMA-positive cells, number of apoptotic cells, apoptosis-related factors were compared between the three groups. Results Compared with sham group, miR-21 levels in MI group were significantly decreased in the 1st week and 2nd week, but were almost the same in the 4th week. Left ventricular fractional shortening ( LVFS) and left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) in the miR-21 group improved compared to the LV- GFP group. In miR-21 group, myocardial infarct size reduced by 36.9% in comparison with LV- GFP group. Compared to sham group, miR-21 expression in the miR-21 group and LV- GFP group decreased significantly. In the miR-21 group, collagen I level, fibronectin content and number of α- SMA-positive cells of miR-21 decreased significantly compared to the LV- GFP group. The number of apoptotic cells in the MI areas of the miR-21 group was significantly less than the LV- GFP group. Compared with the LV- GFP group, Bcl-2 level and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax were significantly increased, and the levels of Bax and Caspase-3 decreased. Conclusions Our results suggest miR-21 is an important regulatory molecule in the pathophysiology of MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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19. Screening and validation of reference genes using in RT-qPCR for gene expression studies in Paederus fuscipes, a medically and agriculturally important insect.
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Khan, Muhammad Musa, Guo, Chang-Fei, Peng, Jing, Fan, Ze-Yun, Hafeez, Muhammad, Ali, Daoud, Wang, Kai, Almarzoug, Mohammed H.A., and Qiu, Bao-Li
- Abstract
Paederus fuscipes is a medically and agriculturally important insect all over the world. P. fuscipes cause not only a skin condition but is also an aggressive predator in different agro-ecosystems. Prior to performing RT-qPCR under a variety of conditions to investigate the function of target genes in P. fuscipes , it is essential to screen reference genes. However, no P. fuscipes reference gene(s) has yet been discovered. Using the RefFinder software package, which includes ΔCt, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, we evaluated the stability of seven housekeeping genes of P. fuscipes under five conditions (developmental stage, diet, temperature, tissue and sex). During the RT-qPCR analysis, geNorm software was used to evaluate pairwise variation in order to identify the most appropriate number of reference genes. The results revealed that for developmental stages RPL-13, EF1A and β-tubulin ; for sex-related experiments β-tubulin and Actin , for tissue-related experiments PRS-18, 18S and RPL-13 ; for temperature-related experiments β-tubulin and PRL-13 and diet-related experiments, β-tubulin and PRS-18 are suitable reference genes. Furthermore, the associated HSP-70 (as the reporter gene) expression patterns differed significantly when the three most stable and three least stable reference genes were selected in different temperature treatments. This is the first time that a complete list of standardized reference genes has been given for P. fuscipes to use in an RT-qPCR study, which could be helpful for potential functional studies of target genes in P. fuscipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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20. Primary Human Cardiomyocytes and Cardiofibroblasts Treated with Sera from Myocarditis Patients Exhibit an Increased Iron Demand and Complex Changes in the Gene Expression.
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Kobak, Kamil A., Franczuk, Paweł, Schubert, Justyna, Dzięgała, Magdalena, Kasztura, Monika, Tkaczyszyn, Michał, Drozd, Marcin, Kosiorek, Aneta, Kiczak, Liliana, Bania, Jacek, Ponikowski, Piotr, Jankowska, Ewa A., and Fan, Guo-Chang
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GENE expression ,MYOCARDITIS ,IRON ,TRANSFERRIN receptors ,IRON metabolism - Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes are the main cells involved in the pathophysiology of myocarditis (MCD). These cells are especially sensitive to changes in iron homeostasis, which is extremely important for the optimal maintenance of crucial cellular processes. However, the exact role of iron status in the pathophysiology of MCD remains unknown. We cultured primary human cardiomyocytes (hCM) and cardiofibroblasts (hCF) with sera from acute MCD patients and healthy controls to mimic the effects of systemic inflammation on these cells. Next, we performed an initial small-scale (n = 3 per group) RNA sequencing experiment to investigate the global cellular response to the exposure on sera. In both cell lines, transcriptomic data analysis revealed many alterations in gene expression, which are related to disturbed canonical pathways and the progression of cardiac diseases. Moreover, hCM exhibited changes in the iron homeostasis pathway. To further investigate these alterations in sera-treated cells, we performed a larger-scale (n = 10 for controls, n = 18 for MCD) follow-up study and evaluated the expression of genes involved in iron metabolism. In both cell lines, we demonstrated an increased expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) and ferritin in MCD serum-treated cells as compared to controls, suggesting increased iron demand. Furthermore, we related TFR1 expression with the clinical profile of patients and showed that greater iron demand in sera-treated cells was associated with higher inflammation score (interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP)) and advanced neurohormonal activation (NT-proBNP) in patients. Collectively, our data suggest that the malfunctioning of cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts in the course of MCD might be related to alterations in the iron homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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21. Comprehensive Assessment of Candidate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies Using RT-qPCR in Tamarixia radiata, a Predominant Parasitoid of Diaphorina citri.
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Guo, Chang-Fei, Pan, Hui-Peng, Zhang, Li-He, Ou, Da, Lu, Zi-Tong, Khan, Muhammad Musa, and Qiu, Bao-Li
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GENE expression , *CNIDARIA , *REPORTER genes , *CITRUS greening disease , *POLYMERASE chain reaction - Abstract
Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) is a predominant parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), a destructive citrus pest and vector of huanglongbing (HLB) disease in the fields of southern China. To explore the functioning of target genes in T. radiata, the screening of specific reference genes is critical for carrying out the reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) under different experimental conditions. However, no reference gene(s) for T. radiata has yet been reported. Here, we selected seven housekeeping genes of T. radiata and evaluated their stability under the six conditions (developmental stage, sex, tissue, population, temperature, diet) by using RefFinder software, which contains four different programs (geNorm, ΔCt, BestKeeper, and NormFinder). Pairwise variation was analyzed by geNorm software to determine the optimal number of reference genes during the RT-qPCR analysis. The results reveal better reference genes for differing research foci: 18S and EF1A for the developmental stage; PRS18 and EF1A for sex, PRS18 and RPL13 for different tissues (head, thorax, abdomen); EF1A and ArgK between two populations; β-tubulin and EF1A for different temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35 °C); and ArgK and PRS18 for different feeding diets. Furthermore, when the two optimal and two most inappropriate reference genes were chosen in different temperatures and tissue treatments, respectively, the corresponding expression patterns of HSP70 (as the reporter gene) differed substantially. Our study provides, for the first time, a more comprehensive list of optimal reference genes from T. radiata for use in RT-qPCR analysis, which should prove beneficial for subsequent functional investigations of target gene(s) in this natural enemy of ACP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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22. MicroRNA-223-5p and -3p Cooperatively Suppress Necroptosis in Ischemic/Reperfused Hearts.
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Dongze Qin, Xiaohong Wang, Yutian Li, Liwang Yang, Ruitao Wang, Jiangtong Peng, Kobina Essandoh, Xingjiang Mu, Tianqing Peng, Qinghua Han, Kai-Jiang Yu, and Guo-Chang Fan
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MICRORNA , *HEART diseases , *THERAPEUTICS , *INFLAMMATION , *GENE expression , *IN vivo studies - Abstract
Recent studies have shown that myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced necrosis can be controlled by multiple genes. In this study, we observed that both strands (5p and 3p) of miR- 223 were remarkably dysregulated in mouse hearts upon I/R. Precursor miR-223 (pre-miR-223) transgenic mouse hearts exhibited better recovery of contractile performance over reperfusion period and lesser degree of myocardial necrosis than wild type hearts upon ex vivo and in vivo myocardial ischemia. Conversely, pre-miR-223 knock-out (KO) mouse hearts displayed opposite effects. Furthermore, we found that the RIP1/ RIP3/MLKL necroptotic pathway and inflammatory response were suppressed in transgenic hearts, whereas they were activated in pre-miR-223 KO hearts upon I/R compared with wild type controls. Accordingly, treatment of pre-miR-223 KO mice with necrostatin-1s, a potent necroptosis inhibitor, significantly decreased I/R-triggered cardiac necroptosis, infarction size, and dysfunction. Mechanistically, we identified two critical cell death receptors, TNFR1 and DR6, as direct targets of miR-223- 5p, whereas miR-223-3p directly suppressed the expression of NLRP3 and IκB kinaseα, two important mediators known to be involved in I/R-induced inflammation and cell necroptosis. Our findings indicate that miR-223-5p/-3p duplex works together and cooperatively inhibits I/R-induced cardiac necroptosis at multiple layers. Thus, pre-miR-223 may constitute a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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23. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) negatively regulates NF-kappa B activity through disrupting the interaction of TAK1 with IKKβ.
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Li, Shang-Ze, Zhang, Hui-Hui, Liang, Jun-Bo, Song, Yang, Jin, Bing-Xue, Xing, Na-Na, Fan, Guo-Chang, Du, Run-Lei, and Zhang, Xiao-Dong
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PROTEIN kinase regulation , *NF-kappa B , *TUMOR necrosis factors , *PHOSPHORYLATION , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *GENE expression - Abstract
Abstract: Stringent negative regulation of the transcription factor NF-κB is essential for maintaining cellular stress responses and homeostasis. However, the tight regulation mechanisms of IKKβ are still not clear. Here, we reported that nemo-like kinase (NLK) is a suppressor of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα)-induced NF-κB signaling by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKKβ. Overexpression of NLK largely blocked TNFα-induced NF-κB activation, p65 nuclear localization and IκBα degradation; whereas genetic inactivation of NLK showed opposing results. Mechanistically, we identified that NLK interacted with IκB kinase (IKK)-associated complex, which in turn inhibited the assembly of the TAK1/IKKβ and thereby, diminished the IκB kinase phosphorylation. Our results indicate that NLK functions as a pivotal negative regulator in TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB via disrupting the interaction of TAK1 with IKKβ. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2014
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24. Stomatin-like protein 2 deficiency results in impaired mitochondrial translation
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Orsolya Lapohos, Woranontee Weraarpachai, Panagiotis Mitsopoulos, Hana Antonicka, Yu-Han Chang, Joaquín Madrenas, and Fan, Guo-Chang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Sucrose ,Mitochondrial translation ,T-Lymphocytes ,lcsh:Medicine ,Gene Expression ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Disaccharides ,Biochemistry ,Mice ,White Blood Cells ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal Cells ,Materials Physics ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays ,lcsh:Science ,Inner mitochondrial membrane ,Energy-Producing Organelles ,Mice, Knockout ,Multidisciplinary ,T Cells ,Organic Compounds ,Physics ,Mitochondrial DNA ,Mitochondria ,Nucleic acids ,Chemistry ,mitochondrial fusion ,Mitochondrial Membranes ,Physical Sciences ,ATP–ADP translocase ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Cellular Types ,Sedimentation ,Research Article ,General Science & Technology ,Forms of DNA ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Knockout ,Immune Cells ,Immunology ,Materials Science ,Carbohydrates ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Biology ,Bioenergetics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Mitochondrial Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Underpinning research ,Genetics ,Animals ,Immunoassays ,Mitochondrial ribosome assembly ,Blood Cells ,lcsh:R ,Organic Chemistry ,Chemical Compounds ,Membrane Proteins ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Polypeptides ,Cell Biology ,DNA ,Mitochondrial carrier ,030104 developmental biology ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Translocase of the inner membrane ,DNAJA3 ,Immunologic Techniques ,lcsh:Q ,Protein Translation ,Generic health relevance ,Peptides ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Mitochondria translate the RNAs for 13 core polypeptides of respiratory chain and ATP synthase complexes that are essential for the assembly and function of these complexes. This process occurs in close proximity to the mitochondrial inner membrane. However, the mechanisms and molecular machinery involved in mitochondrial translation are not fully understood, and defects in this process can result in severe diseases. Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2 is a mainly mitochondrial protein that forms cardiolipin- and prohibitin-enriched microdomains in the mitochondrial inner membrane that are important for the formation of respiratory supercomplexes and their function. Given this regulatory role of SLP-2 in processes closely associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane, we hypothesized that the function of SLP-2 would have an impact on mitochondrial translation. 35S-Methionine/cysteine pulse labeling of resting or activated T cells from T cell-specific Slp-2 knockout mice showed a significant impairment in the production of several mitochondrial DNA-encoded polypeptides following T cell activation, including Cytb, COXI, COXII, COXIII, and ATP6. Measurement of mitochondrial DNA stability and mitochondrial transcription revealed that this impairment was at the post-transcriptional level. Examination of mitochondrial ribosome assembly showed that SLP-2 migrated in sucrose-density gradients similarly to the large ribosomal subunit but that its deletion at the genetic level did not affect mitochondrial ribosome assembly. Functionally, the impairment in mitochondrial translation correlated with decreased interleukin-2 production in activated T cells. Altogether, these data show that SLP-2 acts as a general regulator of mitochondrial translation.
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- 2017
25. Inflammatory and apoptotic remodeling in autonomic nervous system following myocardial infarction
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Christoph Rau, Kalyanam Shivkumar, Tatsuo Takamiya, Aman Mahajan, Chen Gao, Yibin Wang, Yang Song, Kimberly Howard-Quijano, and Fan, Guo-Chang
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Nervous system ,Pathology ,Swine ,Stellate Ganglion ,Myocardial Infarction ,lcsh:Medicine ,Gene Expression ,Apoptosis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Cardiovascular ,Regenerative Medicine ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Vascular Medicine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ischemia ,Ganglia, Spinal ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Myocardial infarction ,Aetiology ,lcsh:Science ,Immune Response ,Multidisciplinary ,Cell Death ,Genomics ,Heart Disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell Processes ,Cardiology ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,Transcriptome Analysis ,Arrhythmia ,Biotechnology ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Spinal ,General Science & Technology ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,business.industry ,Gene Expression Profiling ,lcsh:R ,Neurosciences ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,Cardiac arrhythmia ,Cell Biology ,Genome Analysis ,medicine.disease ,Gene expression profiling ,Autonomic nervous system ,Good Health and Well Being ,Biological Tissue ,030104 developmental biology ,Myocardial infarction complications ,lcsh:Q ,Ganglia ,business - Abstract
Author(s): Gao, Chen; Howard-Quijano, Kimberly; Rau, Christoph; Takamiya, Tatsuo; Song, Yang; Shivkumar, Kalyanam; Wang, Yibin; Mahajan, Aman | Abstract: BackgroundChronic myocardial infarction (MI) triggers pathological remodeling in the heart and cardiac nervous system. Abnormal function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), including stellate ganglia (SG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contribute to increased sympathoexcitation, cardiac dysfunction and arrythmogenesis. ANS modulation is a therapeutic target for arrhythmia associated with cardiac injury. However, the molecular mechanism involved in the pathological remodeling in ANS following cardiac injury remains to be established.Methods and resultsIn this study, we performed transcriptome analysis by RNA-sequencing in thoracic SG and (T1-T4) DRG obtained from Yorkshire pigs following either acute (3 to 5 hours) or chronic (8 weeks) myocardial infarction. By differential expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified significant transcriptome changes and specific gene modules in the ANS tissues in response to myocardial infarction at either acute or chronic phases. Both differential expressed genes and the member genes of the WGCNA gene module associated with post-infarct condition were significantly enriched for inflammatory signaling and apoptotic cell death. Targeted validation analysis supported a significant induction of inflammatory and apoptotic signal in both SG and DRG following myocardial infarction, along with cellular evidence of apoptosis induction based on TUNEL analysis. Importantly, these molecular changes were observed specifically in the thoracic segments but not in their counterparts obtained from lumbar sections.ConclusionMyocardial injury leads to time-dependent global changes in gene expression in the innervating ANS. Induction of inflammatory gene expression and loss of neuron cell viability in SG and DRG are potential novel mechanisms contributing to abnormal ANS function which can promote cardiac arrhythmia and pathological remodeling in myocardium.
- Published
- 2017
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