Search

In the present study, the expression of Beclin 1 in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage tissue was investigated, and also its role in proliferation, apoptosis and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in chondrocytes obtained from patients with OA. Beclin 1 expression in cartilage tissue from OA patients, and in the age- and sex-matched controls, was detected by immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Chondrocytes were divided into control and Beclin 1-overexpressed groups. After transfection for 48, 72 and 96 h, cell viability, apoptosis, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and MMPs were examined. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Beclin 1 were significantly decreased in cartilage tissue from OA patients compared with the sex- and age-matched controls (P<0.05). In chondrocytes from OA patients, Beclin 1 overexpression significantly increased cell viability (P<0.05). Beclin 1 overexpression additionally decreased the degree of apoptosis, as demonstrated by Hoechst staining and flow cytometric analysis. B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was upregulated, and Bcl-2 associated X was downregulated, following Beclin 1 overexpression (P<0.05). The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was mitigated following Beclin 1 overexpression (P<0.05). In addition, MMP1, MMP3 and MMP13 were downregulated after Beclin 1 overexpression (P<0.05). Taken together, low expression levels of Beclin 1 may contribute towards the degeneration of chondrocytes. Beclin 1 overexpression increased cell viability, inhibited apoptosis and MMPs, likely via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Sestrin 2 is a conserved antioxidant protein that reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). We previously showed that sestrin 2 is abnormally decreased in colorectal cancer (CRC). To elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the potential contribution of sestrin 2 to CRC, we used a lentiviral expression vector system to determine the effects of sestrin 2 overexpression on human CRC cells. We found that sestrin 2 overexpression decreased ROS production, inhibited cell growth, and stimulated apoptosis in two CRC cell lines. In parallel, expression of the proliferation marker PCNA was decreased, proapoptotic caspase 3, 7, and 9 levels were increased, and expression of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin was reduced. Sestrin 2 overexpression also activated the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, and suppressed mTORC1 signaling. Treating CRC cells with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, reversed or attenuated changes in proliferation, apoptosis, and signaling proteins of the AMPK/mTORC1 axis. In a xenograft mouse model, CRC growth was attenuated by sestrin 2 overexpression. These results suggest that sestrin 2 suppresses CRC cell growth through activation of the AMPK/mTORC1 pathway and induction of apoptosis, and could be a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of CRC.

Osteomyelitis is an invasive bone infection that can lead to severe pain and even disability, posing a challenge for orthopedic surgery. Naringin can reduce bone‐related inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of naringin in a Staphylococcus aureus–induced mouse model of osteomyelitis. Femurs of S. aureus–infected mice were collected after naringin administration and subjected to microcomputed tomography to analyze cortical bone destruction and bone loss. Bacterial growth in femurs was also assessed. Proinflammatory cytokine levels in mouse femurs were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Pathological changes and bone resorption were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to quantify the messenger RNA and protein expression of osteogenic differentiation–associated genes in the femurs. The viability of human bone marrow–derived stem cells (hBMSCs) was determined using cell counting kit‐8. Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase staining were performed to assess the formation of mineralization nodules and bone formation in vitro. Notch signaling–related protein levels in femur tissues and hBMSCs were assessed using western blot analysis. Experimental results revealed that naringin alleviated S. aureus–induced cortical bone destruction and bone loss in mice by increasing the bone volume/total volume ratio. Naringin suppressed S. aureus–induced bacterial growth and inflammation in femurs. Moreover, it alleviated histopathological changes, inhibited bone resorption, and increased the expression of osteogenic markers in osteomyelitic mice. It increased the viability of hBMSCs and promoted their differentiation and bone mineralization in vitro. Furthermore, naringin activated Notch signaling by upregulating the protein levels of Notch1, Jagged1, and Hes1 in the femurs of model mice and S. aureus–stimulated hBMSCs. In conclusion, naringin reduces bacterial growth, inflammation, and bone resorption while upregulating the expression of osteogenic markers in S. aureus–infected mice and hBMSCs by activating Notch signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N4-methylcytosine (4mC) is a critical epigenetic modification that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of a multitude of biological processes, including gene expression, DNA replication, and cellular differentiation. Traditional experimental methods for detecting DNA N4-methylcytosine sites are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly, making them unsuitable for large-scale or high-throughput research. Computational methods for identifying DNA N4-methylcytosine sites enable the rapid and cost-effective analysis of DNA 4mC sites across entire genomes. In this study, we focus on the identification of DNA 4mC sites in the mouse genome. Although there are already some computational methods that can predict DNA 4mC sites in the mouse genome, there is still significant room for improvement in accurately predicting them due to their inability to fully capture the multifaceted characteristics of DNA sequences. To address this issue, we propose a new deep learning predictor called Mus4mCPred, which utilizes multi-view feature learning and deep hybrid networks for accurately predicting DNA 4mC sites in the mouse genome. The predictor Mus4mCPred firstly employed different encoding methods to extract the feature vectors of DNA sequences, then input these features generated by different encoding methods into various hybrid deep learning models for the learning and extraction of more sophisticated representations of these features, and finally fused the extracted multi-view features to serve as the final features for DNA 4mC site prediction in the mouse genome. Multi-view features enabled the more comprehensive capture of data characteristics, enhancing the feature representation of DNA sequences. The independent test results showed that the sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), accuracy (Acc), and Matthews' correlation coefficient (MCC) were 0.7688, 0.9375, 0.8531, and 0.7165, respectively. The predictor Mus4mCPred outperformed other state-of-the-art methods, achieving the accurate identification of 4mC sites in the mouse genome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histone H3K27 demethylase JMJD3 plays a critical role in gene expression and T cell differentiation. However, the role and mechanisms of JMJD3 in T cell trafficking remain poorly understood. Here, we show that JMJD3 deficiency in [CD4.sup.+] T cells resulted in an accumulation of T cells in the thymus and reduction of T cell number in the secondary lymphoid organs. We identified PDLIM4 as a significantly downregulated target gene in JMJD3- deficient [CD4.sup.+] T cells by gene profiling and ChIP-Seq analyses. We further showed that PDLIM4 functioned as an adaptor protein to interact with sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) and filamentous actin (F-actin), thus serving as a key regulator of T cell trafficking. Mechanistically, JMJD3 bound to the promoter and gene-body regions of the Pdlim4 gene and regulated its expression by interacting with zinc finger transcription factor KLF2. Our findings have identified Pdlim4 as a JMJD3 target gene that affects T cell trafficking by cooperating with S1P1 and have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms by which JMJD3 regulates genes involved in T cell trafficking., Introduction T cell development in the thymus is a multistep process. Early thymic progenitor cells (TPCs) differentiate into T cell receptor-expressing (TCR-expressing) [CD4.sup.+][CD8.sup.+] double-positive (DP) thymocytes in the cortex and [...]

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is associated with a high prevalence of cancer-related deaths. The survival rates of patients are significantly lower in late-stage ccRCC than in early-stage ccRCC, due to the spread and metastasis of late-stage ccRCC, surgery has not reached the goal of radical cure, and the effect of traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy is poor. Thus, it is crucial to accurately assess the prognosis and provide personalized treatment at an early stage in ccRCC. This study aims to develop an efficient nomogram model for stratifying and predicting the survival of ccRCC patients based on tumor stage. Methods: We first analyzed the microarray expression data of ccRCC patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and categorized them into two groups based on the disease stage (early and late stage). Subsequently, the GEO2R tool was applied to screen out the genes that were highly expressed in all GEO datasets. Finally, the clinicopathological data of the two patient groups were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the differences were compared between groups. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of candidate genes (PSAT1, PRAME, and KDELR3) in ccRCC patients. Based on the screened gene PSAT1 and clinical parameters that were significantly associated with patient prognosis, we established a new nomogram model, which was further optimized to a single clinical variable-based model. The expression level of PSAT1 in ccRCC tissues was further verified by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The datasets GSE73731, GSE89563, and GSE150404 identified a total of 22, 89, and 120 over-expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Among these profiles, there were three genes that appeared in all three datasets based on different stage groups. The overall survival (OS) of late-stage patients was significantly shorter than that of early-stage patients. Among the three candidate genes (PSAT1, PRAME, and KDELR3), PSAT1 was shown to be associated with the OS of patients with late-stage ccRCC. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, tumor grade, neoadjuvant therapy, and PSAT1 level were significantly associated with patient prognosis. The concordance indices were 0.758 and 0.725 for the 3-year and 5-year OS, respectively. The new model demonstrated superior discrimination and calibration compared with the single clinical variable model. The enhancer PSAT1 used in the new model was shown to be significantly overexpressed in tissues from patients with late-stage ccRCC, as demonstrated by the mRNA level, protein level, and pathological evaluation. Conclusion: The new prognostic prediction nomogram model of PSAT1 and clinicopathological variables combined was thus established, which may provide a new direction for individualized treatment for different-stage ccRCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: RNA pseudouridine modifications are present in various RNAs across different organisms and play crucial roles in regulating gene expression during biological processes. The accurate identification of pseudouridine sites within RNA sequences is essential for understanding their functional mechanisms. This study proposes a novel ensemble learning predictor named PseUpred-ELPSO, which accurately predicts RNA pseudouridine sites. The predictor demonstrates excellent performance in both cross-validation and independent testing. A user-friendly web server has been established, making it a powerful tool for pseudouridine site identification. RNA pseudouridine modification exists in different RNA types of many species, and it has a significant role in regulating the expression of biological processes. To understand the functional mechanisms for RNA pseudouridine sites, the accurate identification of pseudouridine sites in RNA sequences is essential. Although several fast and inexpensive computational methods have been proposed, the challenge of improving recognition accuracy and generalization still exists. This study proposed a novel ensemble predictor called PseUpred-ELPSO for improved RNA pseudouridine site prediction. After analyzing the nucleotide composition preferences between RNA pseudouridine site sequences, two feature representations were determined and fed into the stacking ensemble framework. Then, using five tree-based machine learning classifiers as base classifiers, 30-dimensional RNA profiles are constructed to represent RNA sequences, and using the PSO algorithm, the weights of the RNA profiles were searched to further enhance the representation. A logistic regression classifier was used as a meta-classifier to complete the final predictions. Compared to the most advanced predictors, the performance of PseUpred-ELPSO is superior in both cross-validation and the independent test. Based on the PseUpred-ELPSO predictor, a free and easy-to-operate web server has been established, which will be a powerful tool for pseudouridine site identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Exploring the effects of miR-155 regulation of SMAD2 expression in podocyte injury as well as macrophage inflammatory response in mouse lupus nephritis. Methods: The experimental mice were randomly divided into blank, model, AAV9-miR-NC, AAV9-miR-155, AAV9-miR-anti, and AAV9-miR-anti-NC groups, with 8 mice in each group, of which the blank group was C57BL/6 mice, and the rest of the groups were MRL/lpr mice, and the groups were treated and sampled accordingly. The presence or absence of a binding site for miR-155 and SMAD2 was predicted by target genes, an online target gene prediction website. Dual luciferase reporter gene analysis system to validate the targeting relationship between miR-155 and SMAD2. Determination of 24 h urinary protein content in each group of mice by Caumas Brilliant Blue method. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was used to observe the kidney tissues of mice ; qRT-PCR to detect the expression level of miR-155 in kidney tissues of each group. Western blot was used to detect nephrin, P-cadherin and SMAD2 protein expression in renal tissues. Immunofluorescence assay to detect the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α) in mice. Results: Compared with the blank group, mice in the model group had elevated urinary protein, severe renal pathological damage, and decreased expression levels of nephrin, P-cadherin, and SMAD2 while increased expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in renal tissues (P<0.05). Compared with the model group and AAV9-miR-NC group, mice in the model group of AAV9- miR-155 group showed elevated urinary protein, obvious renal pathological damage, and obvious elevation of miR-155 in renal tissues, whereas the expression levels of nephrin, P-cadherin, and SMAD2 were decreased (P<0.05) whereas the fluorescence intensity of IL-6 and TNF-α was enhanced significantly; Compared with the model and AAV9-miR-anti-NC groups, mice in the AAV9-miR-anti group showed decreased urinary protein, improved renal pathological injury, decreased miR-155 expression, and increased expression levels of nephrin, P-cadherin, and SMAD2 compared to the model group (P<0.05) whereas the fluorescence intensities of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased; In the model group, AAV9-miR-NC group, and AAV9-miR-anti-NC group mice, the differences in the above indexes were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-155 inhibited the fluorescence activity of wild-type SMAD2 cells and targeted the regulation of SMAD2 expression. Conclusion: High expression of miR-155 exacerbated podocyte injury and inflammatory response in lupus nephritis in mice by regulating SMAD2, whereas inhibition of miR-155 expression attenuated podocyte injury and inflammatory response in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate toxicity of raw extract of Panax notoginseng (rPN) and decocted extract of PN (dPN) by a toxicological assay using zebrafish larvae, and explore the mechanism by RNA sequencing assay. Methods: Zebrafish larvae was used to evaluate acute toxicity of PN in two forms: rPN and dPN. Three doses (0.5, 1.5, and 5.0 µ g/mL) of dPN were used to treat zebrafishes for evaluating the developmental toxicity. Behavior abnormalities, body weight, body length and number of vertebral roots were used as specific phenotypic endpoints. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) assay was applied to clarify the mechanism of acute toxicity, followed by real time PCR (qPCR) for verification. High performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed to determine the chemoprofile of this herb. Results: The acute toxicity result showed that rPN exerted higher acute toxicity than dPN in inducing death of larval zebrafishes (P<0.01). After daily oral intake for 21 days, dPN at doses of 0.5, 1.5 and 5.0 µ g/mL decreased the body weight, body length, and vertebral number of larval zebrafishes, indicating developmental toxicity of dPN. No other adverse outcome was observed during the experimental period. RNA-seq data revealed 38 genes differentially expressed in dPN-treated zebrafishes, of which carboxypeptidase A1 (cpa1) and opioid growth factor receptor-like 2 (ogfrl2) were identified as functional genes in regulating body development of zebrafishes. qPCR data showed that dPN significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of cpa1 and ogfrl2 (both P<0.01), verifying cpa1 and ogfrl2 as target genes for dPN. Conclusion: This report uncovers the developmental toxicity of dPN, suggesting potential risk of its clinical application in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) leads to dysfunctions of human trophoblast cells and further induces miscarriage. In our previous study, we have found that lnc-HZ03 and miR-hz03 are upregulated in BPDE-exposed human trophoblast cells and in recurrent miscarriage tissues; and the upregulated miR-hz03 caused by lnc-HZ03 further promotes the apoptosis of human trophoblast cells and induces miscarriage. However, how lnc-HZ03 upregulates miR-hz03 is completely unknown. In this study, we find that lnc-HZ03 upregulates the expression level of a transcription factor TFIID (a TATA-binding protein) and promotes TFIID-mediated transactivation response element RNA-binding protein (TRBP) transcription. Subsequently, the upregulated TRBP promotes the maturation of miR-hz03 by splicing its precursor pre-miR-hz03 in human trophoblast cells. In BPDE-exposed trophoblast cells or in recurrent miscarriage tissues, lnc-HZ03 was upregulated, which accelerates the TFIID-mediated TRBP transcription and thus promotes TRBP-mediated miR-HZ03 maturation. Subsequently, the upregulated miR-hz03 further promotes the apoptosis of human trophoblast cells and induces miscarriage. This work provides new insights into the regulation of miRNA expression levels by lncRNAs in BPDE-exposed human trophoblast cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Diapause allows insects to survive harsh environments, and its termination is crucial for their normal development after diapause. However, little is known about the regulatory pathways and signals involved in insect diapause termination. RESULTS: We discovered that high temperature (25 °C) influenced larval diapause termination in Monochamus alternatus. Likewise, metal ions (Ca2+) promoted diapause termination by reducing diapause duration. We combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate changes in gene expression and metabolism in diapause‐terminated larvae treated with high temperature (MaHt) and metal ions (MaCa). Hormone biosynthesis and metabolism contained the highest proportion of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the two groups. 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) were closely related to diapause termination in M. alternatus. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments verified that 20E biosynthesis (CYP314a1) and degradation (CYP18a1), JH biosynthesis (FOHSDR‐1) and degradation (JHEH) genes affected the larval diapause duration significantly. In addition, dysfunction of CYP314a1 resulted in increased larval mortality (P < 0.01), reduced pupation rate and emergence rate (P < 0.05). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis showed that the ecdysone content decreased after dsCYP314a1 injection and JH content increased after dsJHEH injection. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that genes CYP314a1, CYP18a1, FOHSDR‐1 and JHEH mediated 20E and JH biosynthesis and degradation to regulate diapause termination in M. alternatus. We elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of diapause termination and provided a basis for the prevention and control of M. alternatus infestation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that has the potential to be targeted as a cancer therapeutic strategy. But cancer cells have a wide range of sensitivities to ferroptosis, which limits its therapeutic potential. Accumulation of lipid peroxides determines the occurrence of ferroptosis. However, the type of lipid involved in peroxidation and the mechanism of lipid peroxide accumulation are less studied. Methods: The effects of fatty acids (10 μM) with different carbon chain length and unsaturation on ferroptosis were evaluated by MTT and LDH release assay in cell lines derived from prostate cancer (PC3, 22RV1, DU145 and LNCaP), colorectal cancer (HT-29), cervical cancer (HeLa) and liver cancer (HepG2). Inhibitors of apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis were used to determine the type of cell death. Then the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was measured by HPLC–MS and flow cytometry. The avtive form of DHA was determined by siRNA mediated gene silencing. The role of lipoxygenases was checked by inhibitors and gene silencing. Finally, the effect of DHA on ferroptosis-mediated tumor killing was verified in xenografts. Results: The sensitivity of ferroptosis was positively correlated with the unsaturation of exogenously added fatty acid. DHA (22:6 n-3) sensitized cancer cells to ferroptosis-inducing reagents (FINs) at the highest level in vitro and in vivo. In this process, DHA increased ROS accumulation, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation independent of its membrane receptor, GPR120. Inhibition of long chain fatty acid-CoA ligases and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases didn't affect the role of DHA. DHA-involved ferroptosis can be induced in both arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 (ALOX5) negative and positive cells. Down regulation of ALOX5 inhibited ferroptosis, while overexpression of ALOX5 promoted ferroptosis. Conclusion: DHA can effectively promote ferroptosis-mediated tumor killing by increasing intracellular lipid peroxidation. Both ALOX5 dependent and independent pathways are involved in DHA-FIN induced ferroptosis. And during this process, free DHA plays an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as potential diagnostic biomarkers in various cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of miR‐205‐5p in lung cancer progression and diagnosis. Materials and Methods: MiR‐205‐5p was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR. The effect of miR‐205‐5p on cell proliferation and metastasis was estimated by MTT and flow cytometry. The expression of TP53INP1 and related genes was analyzed by immunoblotting. The diagnostic value of miR‐205‐5p was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: The miR‐205‐5p was increased in lung cancer tissues. MiR‐205‐5p mimics were promoted but its inhibitor suppressed cell proliferation and metastasis compared with control treatment in vitro and in vivo. By regulating the 3′ untranslated region, miR‐205‐5p could negatively regulate TP53INP1 expression, which further inhibited the expression of RB1 and P21, but increased that of cyclinD1. Moreover, the serum miR‐205‐5p levels of patients with lung cancer were significantly higher than those of normal controls, and they were correlated with patients' gender, drinking status, and clinical stage. The area under the ROC curve of serum miR‐205‐5p in the diagnosis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer was 0.8250, respectively. The finding supported its possession of high diagnostic efficiency for lung cancer. Conclusions: MiR‐205‐5p promoted lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by negatively regulating the novel target TP53INP1, which further affected the expression of P21, RB1, and cyclin D1. Serum miR‐205‐5p is a novel and valuable biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely applied in the field of personal protection for their powerful toxic effects on cells, and recently, a new type of vaginal gel with AgNPs is used to protect the female reproductive tract from microbes and viruses. However, a high risk of AgNPs to the fetus and the underlying mechanism of AgNPs to interfere in embryo development still remain unclear. Thus, this study investigated the impact of two drugs of vaginal gel with AgNPs on reproductive capability of the female mouse by animal experiment. Then, kinetics of AgNPs affecting embryo development was investigated by in vitro embryos culturing, and cell membrane potential (CMP) of zygotes was analyzed by DiBAC4(3) staining. Results indicated that one of the drugs of vaginal gel certainly injured embryo development in spite of no apparent histological change found in ovaries and uteruses of drug-treated mice. In vitro embryo culturing discovered that the toxic effect of AgNPs on embryo development presented particle sizes and dose dependent, and AgNP treatment could rapidly trigger depolarization of the cell membrane of zygotes. Moreover, AgNPs changed the gene expression pattern of Oct-4 and Cdx2 in blastocysts. All these findings suggest that AgNPs can interfere with normal cellular status including cell membrane potential, which has not been noticed in previous studies on the impact of AgNPs on mammalian embryos. Thus, findings of this study alarm us the risk of applying vaginal gel with AgNPs in individual caring and protection of the female reproductive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of death in the whole world. This study aimed to investigate whether forkhead box O4 (FoxO4) could negatively modulate ubiquitin specific peptidase 10 (USP10) transcription to aggravate the apoptosis and oxidative stress of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocytes through Hippo/YAP pathway. mRNA expression as well as protein expressions of USP10 and FoxO4 in H9C2 cells after H/R induction or transfection were respectively detected by Reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR analysis and Western blot. The viability and apoptosis of H9C2 cells after H/R induction or transfection were respectively detected by CCK-8 and TUNEL assays. The expressions of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in H9C2 cells after H/R induction or transfection were analyzed using appropriate kits and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using a ROS Assay Kit. Dual luciferase reporter assay and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) have adopted to confirm the combination of USP10 and FoxO4. Western blot was also used to analyze the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and Hippo/YAP pathway-related proteins. As a result, USP10 expression was decreased in H/R-induced H9C2 cells in a time-dependent manner. USP10 overexpression increased the viability and suppressed the apoptosis and oxidative stress of H/R-induced H9C2 cells. In addition, FoxO4 modulated USP10 transcription. FoxO4 expression was increased in H9C2 cells induced by H/R. FoxO4 overexpression could reverse the protective effects of USP10 overexpression on H/R-induced H9C2 cells by regulating the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway. In conclusion, FoxO4 negatively modulated USP10 transcription to aggravate the apoptosis and oxidative stress of H/R-induced H9C2 cells via blocking Hippo/YAP pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the targets of the effective active ingredients of Scutellariae radix-Coptidis rhizoma drug pair (SCDP) in ulcerative colitis (UC) by network pharmacology and molecular docking and to explore the associated therapeutic mechanism. The effective active ingredients and targets of SCDP were determined from the TCMSP database, and the drug ingredient-target network was constructed using the Cytoscape software. The disease targets related to UC were searched in GeneCards, DisGeNET, OMIM, and DrugBank databases. Then, the drug ingredient and disease targets were intersected to construct a protein-protein interaction network through the STRING database. The Metascape database was used for the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the predicted targets of SCDP for UC. The Autodock software was used for molecular docking between the main active ingredient and the core target to evaluate the binding ability. SCDP has 43 effective active ingredients and 134 intersection targets. Core targets included AKT1, TP53, IL-6, VEGFA, CASP3, JUN, TNF, MYC, EGFR, and PTGS2. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that biological process was mainly associated with a cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, response to an inorganic substance, response to a toxic substance, response to lipopolysaccharide, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, positive regulation of cell death, apoptotic signaling pathway, and response to wounding. KEGG enrichment analysis showed main pathway concentrations were related to pathways in cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, bladder cancer, IL-17 signaling pathway, apoptosis, p53 signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The drug active ingredient-core target-key pathway network contains 41 nodes and 108 edges, of which quercetin, wogonin, baicalein, acacetin, oroxylin A, and beta-sitosterol are important active ingredients; PTGS2, CASP3, TP53, IL-6, TNF, and AKT1 are important targets; and the pathways involved in UC treatment include pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic, apoptosis, IL-17 signaling pathway and herpes simplex infection. The active ingredient has a good binding capacity to the core target. SCDP key active ingredients are mainly quercetin, wogonin, baicalein, acacetin, oroxylin A, and beta-sitosterol, which function mainly by regulating targets, such as PTGS2, CASP3, TP53, IL-6, TNF, and AKT1, and are associated with multiple signaling pathways as pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, apoptosis, IL-17 signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a retraction note from the journal Cancer Cell International. The article titled "Circular RNA ITCH suppressed prostate cancer progression by increasing HOXB13 expression via spongy miR-17-5p" has been retracted at the request of the corresponding author. The retraction was prompted by concerns about image overlap in several figures of the article. The authors were unable to retrieve the data from a third-party biological company, leading to a loss of confidence in the presented data. The retraction was agreed upon by all authors. [Extracted from the article]

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediates Cd-caused germ cell apoptosis in testis. The effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a classical chaperone, were investigated on Cd-induced apoptosis in mouse GC-1 spermatogonia cells. The cells were pretreated with PBA before Cd exposure. TUNEL and flow cytometry assays were applied to determine apoptosis. Some key biomarkers of ER stress were analyzed using RT-PCR and western blot. as expected, the apoptotic cells exposed to Cd apparently increased. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 and ATF6α, were elevated in the Cd groups. Additional experiments displayed that Cd notably increased IRE1α and JNK phosphorylation, and upregulated XBP-1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, p-eIF2α and CHOP expressions were clearly elevated in the Cd groups. Interestingly, PBA almost completely inhibited ER stress and protected spermatogonia against apoptosis induced by Cd. PBA alleviated Cd-induced ER stress and spermatogonia apoptosis, and may have the therapeutic role in Cd-induced male reproductive toxicity. • CdCl 2 induced spermatogonia apoptosis in vitro. • CdCl 2 triggered spermatogonia ER stress. • 4-PBA alleviated CdCl 2 -induced spermatogonia apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1-MCP + ethylene absorbent (EA) treatment increase shelf-life of 'Fenjiao' banana. • EA does not have the negative effect on the ripening of 'Fenjiao' banana. • 1-MCP+EA repress the enzymes activity related to fruit softening. • 1-MCP +EA modulate the expression of gene related of ripening. • 1-MCP +EA treatment is easy to promote and apply in the banana industry. The 'Fenjiao' banana (Musa ABB Pisang Awak) has a high commercial and nutritional value and is harvested when it is highly plump at between 85 and 90 % commercial maturity. The fruit are less angular at this stage. However, these fruit soften rapidly after harvest. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) significantly delays ripening, but it can cause ripening disorders when used improperly. Ethylene absorbent (EA) is also widely used to increase the postharvest life of fruit, but it has less of an effect on 'Fenjiao' banana. This study was conducted to optimize the concentrations of 1-MCP combined with EA to increase the shelf life of these bananas. The results showed that a low concentration of 1-MCP (7 g L−1) combined with EA (2 g kg−1) significantly prolonged the shelf life of the 'Fenjiao' banana and maintained its high quality. The combination of 1-MCP and EA repressed the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase, ACC synthase, pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase and pectate lyase in the peel and pulp of 'Fenjiao' banana, as well as the corresponding levels of expression of MbACS1, MbACO1, MbPG1, MbPL1 , except for MbPME1 , which are induced by 1-MCP. This study provides a useful technique for preserving 'Fenjiao' fruit with a study on its possible physiological mechanism, which could be applied in the postharvest production of 'Fenjiao' banana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Marmots are large Holarctic rodents with unique biological features, making them potential animal models in various research fields. Due to the rapid accumulation of the genetic data in marmots, a highly integrative database is urgent needed. Description: iMarmot is freely available on the web at http://www.marmotdb.org/ and currently contains the biological information of 14 marmots, genomic sequence of 6 marmots, syntenic relationship and orthologs among 3 marmots, and expression profiles of several hibernators and plague hosts. To assist with the genomic and transcriptomic analysis, we also integrated a set of analysis and visualization tools, such as KEGG or GO enrichment analysis, PCA, Blast, Muscle, GeneWise, Lastz, and JBrowse. Particularly, one DEGs (differentially expressed genes) module has been implemented in this database to visualize the gene expression changes in hibernators and plague hosts. Conclusion: This database will provide comprehensive information and analysis platform for researchers interested in understanding the biological features of marmots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The microRNA-17-92 (miR-17-92) cluster is one of the most extensively studied miRNA clusters. Abnormal expression of the cluster has been found to play important role in different kinds of human diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of our study was to investigate the association between three polymorphisms (rs1491034, rs9301654 and rs982873) in the promoter of the miR-17-92 cluster and risk of IS. Methods: Three hundred and ninety-eight patients with IS and 397 control subjects were included. The genotypes of the three polymorphisms were determined by Snapshot SNP genotyping assay. Relative expression of the cluster in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cases and controls were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Significant association between rs9301654 polymorphism and risk of IS were observed basing on genotype, model and allele analyses (GA vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41~0.97, P = 0.037; GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07~0.78, P = 0.018; GA + GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38~0.87, P = 0.009; GA + AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08~0.89, P = 0.032; G vs. A: adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40~0.83). Haplotype analysis showed that TGC and TGT haplotypes were associated with decreased risk of IS (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40~0.87, P = 0.007 for TGC haplotype; OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06~0.75, P = 0.009 for TGT haplotype). Importantly, we found the expression of miR-17-5p was significant higher while miR-19a-3p was significant lower in patient with IS compared with the control group (P < 0.01), and patients with rs9301654GG or GA genotype displayed lower level of miR-19a-3p compared with the AA genotype (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that rs9301654 polymorphism in the promoter of miR-17-92 cluster may be associated with susceptibility of IS in the Chinese population. However, we found that rs9301654 polymorphism and its respective gene expression did not demonstrate consistent association with IS in the Chinese population. Further studies such as gene-gene interaction are warranted to reveal the role of miR-19a and its regulatory genes in the etiology of IS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous studies have evaluated the significance of the microRNA‐10b (miR‐10b) in the development and progression of many cancers. Their findings revealed that increased expression of miR‐10b is associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients with cancer. Results: A total of 1,834 patients from 19 studies were included in this study. A significantly shorter overall survival was observed in patients with increased expression of miR‐10b (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–2.61). Statistical significance was also observed in subgroup meta‐analysis stratified by the cancer type, cutoff value, analysis type, and sample size. Also, patients with a high expression level of miR‐10b had a poorer disease‐free survival rate (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05–1.33). In addition, the pooled odds ratios (ORs) showed that increased miR‐10b was also associated with positive lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.45–3.03), distant metastasis (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.57–3.67), tumor size (OR = 3.86, 95% CI: 2.25–6.64), and poor clinical stage (OR = 5.02, 95% CI: 3.37–7.47). Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on a number of electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Springer, Google Scholar, and Gene expression omnibus. We retrieved the relevant articles to examine the association between the miR‐10b expression levels and patients' prognosis. The meta‐analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.2 software and Stata SE12.0 software. Conclusions: High miR‐10b expression was correlated with poor clinical outcome, which indicated the potential clinical use of miR‐10b as a molecular biomarker for cancer, particularly in assessing prognosis for patients with cancers. Further studies should be performed to verify the clinical utility of miR‐10b in human solid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nuclear reprogramming reinstates totipotency or pluripotency in somatic cells by changing their gene transcription profile. This technology is widely used in medicine, animal husbandry and other industries. However, certain deficiencies severely restrict the applications of this technology. Results: Using single-embryo RNA-seq, our study provides complete transcriptome blueprints of embryos generated by cumulus cell (CC) donor nuclear transfer (NT), embryos generated by mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) donor NT and in vivo embryos at each stage (zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, morula, and blastocyst). According to the results from further analyses, NT embryos exhibit RNA processing and translation initiation defects during the zygotic genome activation (ZGA) period, and protein kinase activity and protein phosphorylation are defective during blastocyst formation. Two thousand three constant genes are not able to be reprogrammed in CCs and MEFs. Among these constant genes, 136 genes are continuously mis-transcribed throughout all developmental stages. These 136 differential genes may be reprogramming barrier genes (RBGs) and more studies are needed to identify. Conclusions: These embryonic transcriptome blueprints provide new data for further mechanistic studies of somatic nuclear reprogramming. These findings may improve the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major problem worldwide. The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in neural progenitor cell differentiation and in the inflammatory response after central nervous system injury. This study evaluated whether the neuroprotective effect of cerebral ischemic preconditioning (cIPC) is mediated by the preactivation of the Notch signaling pathway. A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model were constructed to detect the neuroprotective effects of cIPC. In in vivo experiments, cIPC reduces the neurological functional deficit, cerebral infarction, and cellular apoptosis in the hippocampus induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R), thus indicating that cIPC can improve neurologic function. Moreover, cIPC can reveal the expression peak of Jagged1, Notch1, NICD, and Hes1 protein, thereby indicating that cIPC can preactivate Notch signaling. However, cIPC-induced improvements in neurologic function are compromised by the γ-secretase inhibitor N-(N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl)-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT). In in vitro experiments, OGD preconditioning (OGDPC) can clearly upregulate Notch1 expression in the OGD/R-treated neuron and neural stem cell. Notch1 pre-overexpression can decrease neuron death and apoptosis under OGD/R treatment. Notch1 pre-overexpression can decrease the percentage of G1 stage cells and increase the percentage of S stage cells in OGD/R-treated neural stem cell. Furthermore, Notch1 pre-knockdown has the opposite effect on cell survival, apoptosis, and cycle in both OGD/R-treated neuron and neural stem cell. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the neuroprotective effects of cIPC in a rat MCAO/R model are mediated by the preactivation of the Notch signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to identify biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a Chinese population using microarray data collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database under accession number GSE97320. This included the peripheral blood samples of three patients with AMI and three controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package and protein‑protein interaction networks were constructed using data from the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database, followed by module analysis to screen for hub genes. Functional enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The identified genes were verified by overlapping with the target genes of microRNAs (miRs) known to be associated with AMI, as well as the DEGs identified in other AMI datasets, including GSE24519, GSE34198 and GSE48060. As a result, 752 DEGs (449 upregulated and 303 downregulated) were identified in the GSE97320 dataset. The upregulated DEGs were predicted to participate in inflammatory pathways, including the toll‑like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, including ras‑related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), TLR4, C‑C motif chemokine receptor (CCR)1; cytokine‑cytokine receptor interaction, including signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3; chemokine signaling pathway, including CCR10; pathways associated with cancer, including colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R); and leukocyte transendothelial migration, including matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9). The downregulated DEGs were associated with the cell cycle, including alstrom syndrome protein 1 (ALMS1). These conclusions were made following functional analysis of the genes in the three identified modules. MMP9, TLR4, STAT3, CCR1 and ALMS1 were regulated by miR‑21‑5p, whereas RAC1 was regulated by miR‑30c‑5p. A comparison among the four datasets confirmed the roles of CSF3R and CCR10. HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) was the only gene associated with both mortality and recurrence. In conclusion, inflammation‑associated genes, including STAT3, CCR1, RAC1, MMP9, CCR10, CSF3R and HTRA1, as well as cell cycle‑associated genes such as ALMS1, may be biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AMI in Chinese people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer is a severe cancer associated with a high prevalence and fatality rate. There are three major mechanisms for colorectal cancer: (1) Chromosome instability (CIN), (2) CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and (3) mismatch repair (MMR), of which CIN is the most common type. However, these subtypes are not exclusive and overlap. To investigate their biological mechanisms and cross talk, the gene expression profiles of 585 colorectal cancer patients with CIN, CIMP and MMR status records were collected. By comparing the CIN+ and CIN- samples, CIMP+ and CIMP- samples, MMR+ and MMR- samples with minimal redundancy maximal relevance (mRMR) and incremental feature selection (IFS) methods, the CIN, CIMP and MMR associated genes were selected. Unfortunately, there was little direct overlap among them. To investigate their indirect interactions, downstream genes of CIN, CIMP and MMR were identified using the random walk with restart (RWR) method and a greater overlap of downstream genes was indicated. The common downstream genes were involved in biosynthetic and metabolic pathways. These findings were consistent with the clinical observation of wide range metabolite aberrations in colorectal cancer. To conclude, the present study gave a gene level explanation of CIN, CIMP and MMR, but also showed the network level cross talk of CIN, CIMP and MMR. The common genes of CIN, CIMP and MMR may be useful for cross-subtype general colorectal cancer drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA5) recognizes distinct subsets of viruses including Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) of picornavirus family, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of the viral recognition of MDA5 in immune cells remain obscure. DHX29 is a RNA helicase required for the translation of 5’ structured mRNA of host and many picornaviruses (such as EMCV). We identify that DXH29 as a key RNA co-sensor, plays a significant role for specific recognition and triggering anti-EMCV immunity. We have observed that DHX29 regulates MDA5-, but not RIG-I-, mediated type I interferon signaling by preferentially interacting with structured RNAs and specifically with MDA5 for enhancing MDA5-dsRNA binding affinity. Overall, our results identify a critical role for DHX29 in innate immune response and provide molecular insights into the mechanisms by which DHX29 recognizes 5’ structured EMCV RNA and interacts with MDA5 for potent type I interferon signaling and antiviral immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although hundreds of colorectal cancer- (CRC-) related genes have been screened, the significant hub genes still need to be further identified. The aim of this study was to identify the hub genes based on protein-protein interaction network and uncover their clinical value. Firstly, 645 CRC patients’ data from the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas were downloaded and analyzed to screen the differential expression genes (DEGs). And then, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was performed, and PPI network of the DEGs was constructed by Cytoscape software. Finally, four hub genes (CXCL3, ELF5, TIMP1, and PHLPP2) were obtained from four subnets and further validated in our clinical setting and TCGA dataset. The results showed that mRNA expression of CXCL3, ELF5, and TIMP1 was increased in CRC tissues, whereas PHLPP2 mRNA expression was decreased. More importantly, high expression of CXCL3, ELF5, and TIMP1 was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion, distance metastasis, and advanced tumor stage. In addition, a shorter overall survival was observed in patients with increased CXCL3, TIMP1, and ELF5 expression and decreased PHLPP2 expression. In conclusion, the four hub genes screened by our strategy could serve as novel biomarkers for prognosis prediction of CRC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate whether mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) affects genomic DNA methylation and the methylation status of some specific genes such as patched gene ( PTCH ) and smoothened gene ( SMO ) in LNCaP cells. Methods LNCaP cells were treated with MEHP (0, 1, 5, 10, and 25 μmol/L) for 3 days. An ELISA assay was preformed to detect genomic methylation, including 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) content. A pyrosequencing assay was applied to assess DNA methylation in PTCH and SMO gene promoters. The correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression was assessed. Results The proportion of cytosines with 5-mC methylation in LNCaP cells was significantly decreased by MEHP (1, 5, 10, and 25 μmol/L) in a dose-dependent manner ( P < 0.01). For genes in the Hedgehog pathway, there was no significant MEHP concentration-dependent difference in the DNA methylation of PTCH and SMO . Conclusion MEHP might affect the progression of prostate cancer through its effect on global DNA methylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pine aphid Cinara pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang is the main pine pest in China, it causes pine needles to produce dense dew (honeydew) which can lead to sooty mold (black filamentous saprophytic ascomycetes). Although common chemical and physical strategies are used to prevent the disease caused by C. pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang, new strategies based on biological and/or genetic approaches are promising to control and eradicate the disease. However, there is no information about genomics, proteomics or transcriptomics to allow the design of new control strategies for this pine aphid. We used next generation sequencing technology to sequence the transcriptome of C. pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang and built a transcriptome database. We identified 80,259 unigenes assigned for Gene Ontology (GO) terms and information for a total of 11,609 classified unigenes was obtained in the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs). A total of 10,806 annotated unigenes were analyzed to identify the represented biological pathways, among them 8,845 unigenes matched with 228 KEGG pathways. In addition, our data describe propagative viruses, nutrition-related genes, detoxification related molecules, olfactory related receptors, stressed-related protein, putative insecticide resistance genes and possible insecticide targets. Moreover, this study provides valuable information about putative insecticide resistance related genes and for the design of new genetic/biological based strategies to manage and control C. pinitabulaeformis Zhang et Zhang populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This study was to investigate the influence of physiological changes and the expression of MRP2 efflux transporter on the pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin after acute exposure to high altitude 4300 m. Methods and Results The rats were randomly divided into high altitude group and plain group. Blood gas and biochemical analysis showed that the physiological parameters significantly changed at high altitude. The mRNA and protein expression of MRP2 in high altitude group were higher than plain group in rat small intestine and kidney, while was reduced in rat liver. The AUC, K a and C max of norfloxacin were significantly reduced in high altitude group (p < 0.05). However, the MRT, CL, t 1/2 and Vd were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that physiological indicators and expression levels of drug transporters MRP2 are changed in responded to high altitude, to severely affect norfloxacin pharmacokinetics. These changes may provide basis and new ideas to adjust the dosage and administration, so as to promote rational drug use in the high altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common cause of gynecological cancer-associated mortality. Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs used in EOC; however, its use can lead to relapse due to cisplatin resistance. MYCN sensitizes neuroblastoma to undergo cisplatin-induced apoptosis. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies to date on the association between MYCN and cisplatin resistance in EOC. Therefore, the present study assessed this association. Datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were used. The overall survival (OS) of patients receiving platin-based therapy was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter software. RNA sequencing data of 300 patients with EOC were downloaded from cBioportal. The co-expressed genes were subjected to 'Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes' analysis using DAVID software. For gene set enrichment analysis, the expression matrix was separated according to the median expression of MYCN, which was selected for hallmark gene set enrichment. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess MYCN expression in EOC tissue. Western blotting was used to evaluate MYCN, p53, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels in EOC cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The results demonstrated that MYCN upregulation was associated with increased cisplatin sensitivity and prolonged OS of patients with EOC and patients receiving platin-based therapy. Cisplatin downregulated MYCN expression in cisplatin-sensitive, but not resistant, EOC cells. The genes co-expressed with MYCN were primarily involved in pathways involved in 'chemotherapeutic resistance' and 'apoptosis'. MYCN enriched the apoptosis and p53 signaling pathways in hallmark gene sets. Cells in which MYCN was knocked down demonstrated significantly increased cisplatin resistance; however, MYCN overexpression in cisplatin-resistant cells restored cisplatin sensitivity. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that MYCN downregulation promoted cisplatin resistance by suppressing cisplatin-induced apoptosis in EOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cytochrome P450 enzymes encoded by the Halloween genes - spook ( spo), phantom ( phm), disembodied ( dib), shadow ( sad), and shade ( shd) - catalyze a series of hydroxylation steps resulting in the active molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). This study investigated 20E and ecdysone titers and the expression profile of Halloween genes and ecdysone receptor ( EcR) during larval, pupal, and adult stages in seabuckthorn carpenterworm, Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua ( Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Hh-spo, Hh-phm, Hh-dib, and Hh-sad showed predominant expression in the prothoracic gland at the larval stage, whereas Hh-shd and Hh-EcR were significantly expressed in the fat body. The mRNA levels of Hh-spo, Hh-phm, Hh-dib, Hh-shd, Hh-sad, and Hh-EcR were lowest from late October to middle April, when the insects were in overwintering dormancy, but began to increase from May each year, when the insects were terminating quiescence. Concomitant with the changes in these genes, 20E and ecdysone titers gradually increased during the 4-year life cycle of H. hippophaecolus. These data indicate that the seasonal expressions of Hh-spo, Hh-phm, Hh-shd, and Hh-EcR play crucial roles in quiescence of the overwintering period, and are responsible for the long larval phase and the exact timing and amplitude of the ecdysteroid titer required for the coordination of growth and development in H. hippophaecolus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 4 (TIM-4) is exclusively expressed in antigen-presenting cells and involved in immune regulation. However, the role of TIM-4 expressed in tumour cells remains completely unknown.Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining was used to examine TIM-4 or Ki-67 expression in tumour tissues. Real-time PCR or RT-PCR was performed to detect TIM-4 mRNA expression. Lung cancer cell growth and proliferation were conducted by CCK-8 assay and EdU staining. Cell cycle progression was analysed by flow cytometry. The PCNA and cell cycle-related proteins were verified by western blot. Co-IP assay was used to identify the interaction of TIM-4 and integrin αvβ3. The efficacy of TIM-4 in vivo was evaluated using xenograft tumour model.Results: The expression of TIM-4 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues was significantly higher than that of the adjacent tissues. Enhanced TIM-4 expression was negatively correlated with histological differentiation of lung carcinoma and lifespan of patients. Overexpression of TIM-4 promoted lung cancer cell growth and proliferation, and upregulated the expression of PCNA, cyclin A, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1, accompanied by accumulation of lung cancer cells in S phase. Interestingly, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif mutation abolished the effect of TIM-4 on lung cancer cells, which was further verified by tumour xenografts in mice. Furthermore, we found that TIM-4 interacted with αvβ3 integrin through RGD motif.Conclusions: This finding suggests that TIM-4 might be a potential biomarker for NSCLC that promotes lung cancer progression by RGD motif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathophysiology of coronary atherosclerotic plaques is a complex process. Early detection of coronary atherosclerotic plaques is critical in the prevention, prognostic and therapeutic intervention of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous short non-coding RNAs, have been reported to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases and are also used as disease markers. However, the miRNA expression profile in early coronary atherosclerotic plaques has yet been reported. We hypothesize that miRNAs can be used as effective disease markers for detection of early coronary atherosclerotic plaques. In this analysis, coronary artery samples from three patients with early coronary atherosclerosis were harvested and miRNA expression profile determined using microarray analysis. Compared with healthy controls, a total of 44 miRNAs were upregulated and 57 miRNAs were downregulated. Among the dysregulated miRNAs, eight were significantly upregulated while five miRNAs were significantly downregulated, as determined by t- test ( P < 0.05). Four of the significantly dysregulated miRNAs, including miR-221, miR-155, miR-100 and hsa-miR-1273, were selected and verified by real-time PCR. The real-time PCR results were consistent with the microarray data that miR-221, miR-155 and miR-100 were significantly downregulated in plaques, whereas miR-1273 was significantly upregulated. These results indicate that miRNAs expression level can be used as potential markers for early coronary atherosclerotic plaque formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was conducted to determine the antineoplastic activities of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (decitabine; DAC) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), administered either alone or in combination, on in vitro cultured SHI-1 cells as well as their effects on the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p16INK4a (p16) and the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-β. Methods: Cellgrowth inhibition, differentiation and apoptosis were determined in SHI-1 cells treated with DAC and/or ATRA, and the combination index of the two compounds was calculated. Methylation of the p16 and RAR-β genes in SHI-1 cells was detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of the p16 and RAR-β genes, and Western blot analysis was performed for protein expression. Results: The drug combination had a synergistic effect on growth inhibition, differentiation and apoptosis of SHI-1 cells, and the effects of DAC and ATRA weredependent on time. DAC, either alone or in combination with ATRA, induced demethylation of the genes p16 and RAR-β, whereas ATRA alone had no effect on methylation. The RAR-β gene was reexpressed following DAC-ATRA combination treatment, and both agents had no effect on p16 expression. Conclusion: The results revealed that DAC used in combination with ATRA has significant clinical potential in the treatment of acute monocytic leukemia. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, short noncoding RNAs that modulate the expression of numerous genes by targeting their mRNA. Numerous abnormal miRNA expression patterns are observed in various human malignancies, and certain miRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Astrocytoma, the most common neuroepithelial cancer, represents the majority of malignant brain tumors in humans. In our previous studies, we found that the downregulation of miR-181b-5p in astrocytomas is associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional role of miR-181b-5p and its possible target genes. miR-181b-5p was significantly downregulated in astrocytoma specimens, and the reduced expression of miR-181b-5p was inversely correlated with the clinical stage. The ectopic expression of miR-181b-5p inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion and induced apoptosis in astrocytoma cancer cells in vitro. The NOVA1 (neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1) gene was further identified as a novel direct target of miR-181b-5p. Specifically, miR-181b-5p bound directly to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of NOVA1 and suppressed its expression. In clinical specimens, NOVA1 was overexpressed, and its protein levels were inversely correlated with miR-181b-5p expression. Furthermore, the changing level of NOVA1 was significantly associated with a poor survival outcome. Similar to restoring miR-181b-5p expression, downregulating NOVA1 inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion. Overexpression of NOVA1 reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-181b-5p. Our results indicate that miR-181b-5p is a tumor suppressor in astrocytoma that inhibits tumor progression by targeting NOVA1. These findings suggest that miR-181b-5p may serve as a novel therapeutic target for astrocytoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(B) Agarose gel electrophoresis (1.2%) exhibited a single and specific polymerase chain reaction product of each reference gene. Oncol Lett 14: 6001-6011, 2017; DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7002 Following the publication of the above article, the authors have realized that they inadvertently included the same data for the HSP90AB1 and ATP5B experiments shown in Fig. [Extracted from the article]

Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important trunk borer of pine trees and a major vector of pine wilt disease. Although chemicals are widely used in forest pest control, new strategies based on insect biology are offering promising approaches to manage the disease. Although there have been important research advances in this respect, there has not yet been a deep sequence analysis of M. alternatus describing the transcriptome, and no information is available about the gene function of this insect vector. We used next generation sequencing technology to provide a full transcriptome from the four larval instars of M. alternatus and successfully built an M. alternatus transcriptome database. In total, 67,456 unigenes were obtained with trinity software, information for 11,858 classified unigenes was obtained with the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, and 13,007 unigenes matched predicted pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). In addition, genes related to lignocellulose, and putative Bt receptors and genes related to digestion are described. Additionally, the differential gene expression of these genes in different larval stages was analyzed. This study provides valuable information to underpin the development of new molecular tools for M. alternatus control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melatonin is a bioactive, edible ingredient that promotes human health and exists widely in plants, but little is known about its biosynthetic routes and underlying molecular mechanisms in the herbaceous peony. In this contribution, we found that herbaceous peony flowers are rich in melatonin that is found in the greatest quantities in the white series, followed by the ink series, the red series and then the pink series. On this basis, the melatonin content fluctuates during flower development and peaks during the bloom stage. Moreover, it is apparent that sun exposure and blue light induce melatonin production whereas green light restrains it during a 24-h light/dark cycle of melatonin content, as there were ‘dual peaks’ at 2 p.m. and 2 a.m. Additionally, the corresponding expression pattern of the herbaceous peony tryptophan decarboxylase gene (TDC) was positively related with melatonin production. These results suggest that color series, development stage and light play an important role in melatonin accumulation, and that TDC is a rate-limiting gene in melatonin biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: MicroRNAs possess essential effects on gastric cancer (GC), whereas the underlying mechanisms have not been fully uncovered. The present work focused on investigating the role of miR-381-3p in GC cellular processes and the possible mechanisms. Materials and Methods: miR-381-3p levels within GC tissues and cells were measured through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This study measured cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis through EdU, colony formation, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays separately. TargetScan was adopted to predict the miR-381-3p targets, whereas luciferase reporter assay was adopted for confirmation. Results: miR-381-3p levels were decreased, whereas fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) expression was increased in GC. miR-381-3p upregulation inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion and it promoted the apoptosis of GC cells. Further, FGFR2 overexpression partly reversed the miR-381-3p-mediated impacts on GC cellular processes. Conclusions: This study provides an experimental basis, suggesting the potential of using miR-381-3p as the novel marker for GC. Clinical Trial Registration number: 2020-05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion channels are important regulators in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The malfunction and/or aberrant expression of ion channels may disrupt these important biological processes and influence cancer progression. In this study, we investigate the expression pattern of ion channel genes in glioma. We designate 18 ion channel genes that are differentially expressed in high-grade glioma as a prognostic molecular signature. This ion channel gene expression based signature predicts glioma outcome in three independent validation cohorts. Interestingly, 16 of these 18 genes were down-regulated in high-grade glioma. This signature is independent of traditional clinical, molecular, and histological factors. Resampling tests indicate that the prognostic power of the signature outperforms random gene sets selected from human genome in all the validation cohorts. More importantly, this signature performs better than the random gene signatures selected from glioma-associated genes in two out of three validation datasets. This study implicates ion channels in brain cancer, thus expanding on knowledge of their roles in other cancers. Individualized profiling of ion channel gene expression serves as a superior and independent prognostic tool for glioma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-recognized male reproductive toxicant that can cause testicular germ cell apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism needs investigation. CG-1 mouse spermatogonia (spg) cells were treated with 20 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl 2) for 24 h. Cell apoptosis was measured, and the expressions of key genes and protein biomarkers involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were detected, respectively. Untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify different metabolites, and transcriptome analysis was conducted to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Our results indicated that CdCl 2 exposure caused cell apoptosis, and DEGs were involved in several apoptosis-related pathways. Moreover, CdCl 2 exposure apparently increased the mRNA and protein expressions levels of both GRP78 and ATF6α, disrupting the expression of various metabolites, particularly amino acids. Conclusively, our study reveals the pathway of CdCl 2 toxicity on mouse spg, providing a deep understanding of CdCl 2 -induced testicular toxicity. • CdCl 2 damages testicular spermatogonia. • CdCl 2 triggers spermatogonia apoptosis. • CdCl 2 induces ER stress in spermatogonia. • CdCl 2 disrupts the amino acid metabolism of spermatogonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a common pollutant with reproductive toxicity. Our previous study revealed that Cd triggered spermatogonia ferroptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) mediates ferritinophagy and specific degradation of ferritin through lysosomes, resulting in the release of ferrous ions. Excessive autophagy can lead to ferroptosis. This study investigated the role of autophagy in Cd-triggered ferroptosis using GC-1 spermatogonial (spg) cells which exposed to CdCl 2 (5 μM, 10 μM, or 20 μM) for 24 without/with CQ. The cells which transfected with Ncoa4-siRNA were used to explore the role of NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy in Cd-triggered ferroptosis. The results revealed that Cd caused mitochondrial swelling, rupture of cristae, and vacuolar-like changes. The Cd-treated cells exhibited more autophagosomes. Simultaneously, Cd increased intracellular iron, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde concentrations while decreasing glutathione content and Superoxide Dismutase-2 activity. Moreover, Cd upregulated mRNA levels of ferritinophagy-associated genes (Ncoa4, Lc3b and Fth1), as well as enhanced protein expression of NCOA4, LC3B, and FTH1. While Cd decreased the mRNA and protein expression of p62/SQSTM1. These results showed that Cd caused ferritinophagy and ferroptosis. The use of chloroquine to inhibit autophagy ameliorated Cd-induced iron overload and ferroptosis. Moreover, Ncoa4 knockdown in spermatogonia significantly reduced intracellular iron concentration and alleviated Cd-triggered ferroptosis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Cd activates the ferritinophagy pathway mediated by NCOA4, resulting in iron accumulation through ferritin degradation. This causes oxidative stress, ultimately initiating ferroptosis in spermatogonia. Our results may provide new perspectives and potential strategies for preventing and treating Cd-induced reproductive toxicity. [Display omitted] • Cd causes iron overload and triggers ferroptosis in spermatogonia. • Cd induces ferritinophagy in spermatogonia. • CQ antagonizes against Cd-caused iron overload in spermatogonia. • NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy participates in Cd-triggered ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]