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The International League Against Epilepsy ( ILAE) presents a revised operational classification of seizure types. The purpose of such a revision is to recognize that some seizure types can have either a focal or generalized onset, to allow classification when the onset is unobserved, to include some missing seizure types, and to adopt more transparent names. Because current knowledge is insufficient to form a scientifically based classification, the 2017 Classification is operational (practical) and based on the 1981 Classification, extended in 2010. Changes include the following: (1) 'partial' becomes 'focal'; (2) awareness is used as a classifier of focal seizures; (3) the terms dyscognitive, simple partial, complex partial, psychic, and secondarily generalized are eliminated; (4) new focal seizure types include automatisms, behavior arrest, hyperkinetic, autonomic, cognitive, and emotional; (5) atonic, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, and tonic seizures can be of either focal or generalized onset; (6) focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure replaces secondarily generalized seizure; (7) new generalized seizure types are absence with eyelid myoclonia, myoclonic absence, myoclonic-atonic, myoclonic-tonic-clonic; and (8) seizures of unknown onset may have features that can still be classified. The new classification does not represent a fundamental change, but allows greater flexibility and transparency in naming seizure types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a multisystem disease with potentially life‐threatening adverse effects. As patients increasingly seek health information online, and as the landscape for GPP changes, the quality of online health information (OHI) becomes progressively more important. This paper is the first of its kind to examine the quality, comprehensiveness and readability of online health information for GPP. Similar to pre‐existing studies evaluating OHI, this paper examines 5 key search terms for GPP‐ 3 medical and 2 laymen. For each search term, the results were evaluated based on HONcode accreditation, an enhanced DISCERN analysis and a number of readability indices. Of the 500 websites evaluated, 84 (16.8%) were HONcode‐accredited. Mean DISCERN scores of all websites were 74.9% and 38.6% for website reliability and treatment sections, respectively, demonstrating key gaps in comprehensiveness and reliability of GPP‐specific OHI. Additionally, only 4/100 websites (4%) analysed for readability were written at the NIH‐recommended sixth‐grade level. Academic websites were significantly more difficult to read than governmental websites. This further exacerbates the patient information gap, particularly for patients with low health literacy, who may already be at higher risk of not receiving timely medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to obtain some new trapezium type in-equalities essentially involving the class of harmonic convex functions and generalized fractional integrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the automata theoretic approach to explicit state LTL model checking, the synchronized product of the model and an automaton that represents the negated formula is checked for emptiness. In practice, a (transition-based generalized) Büchi automaton (TGBA) is used for this procedure. This paper investigates whether using a more general form of acceptance, namely a transition-based generalized Rabin automaton (TGRA), improves the model checking procedure. TGRAs can have significantly fewer states than TGBAs; however, the corresponding emptiness checking procedure is more involved. With recent advances in probabilistic model checking and LTL to TGRA translators, it is only natural to ask whether checking a TGRA directly is more advantageous in practice. We designed a multi-core TGRA checking algorithm and performed experiments on a subset of the models and formulas from the 2015 Model Checking Contest and generated LTL formulas for models from the BEEM database. While we found little to no improvement by checking TGRAs directly, we show how various aspects of a TGRA's structure influences the model checking performance. In this paper, we also introduce a Fin-less acceptance condition, which is a disjunction of TGBAs. We show how to convert TGRAs into automata with Fin-less acceptance and show how a TGBA emptiness procedure can be extended to check Fin-less automata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discovering new chaotic maps is always essential for secure communication, cryptography, image encryption and decryption when pseudo-number generation is mandatory; however, it is still very fascinating to come across new complex dynamics of very simple maps exhibiting chaotic behavior. Despite the various forms already presented in the literature, we deal with the fractional forms of one-dimensional chaotic map with one system parameter; yet while generalization, two parameters were inserted to the map as the multiplier and the power. Therefore, in this paper, we present a novel and generalized version of a map exhibiting a strange behavior in discrete time and real number space, while detailed analyses regarding the new map with intervals of various parameters are also included. We mainly focus on a simple one-dimensional chaotic map and propose various instances with linear stability, bifurcation and Lyapunov analyses for each instance, to enhance the understanding of unstable fractional chaotic maps. It is found that the fractional map exhibits quasiperiodicity as well as periodic behavior for the smallest power parameter; while the chaotic states emerge for larger values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix methods are a useful tool while dealing with many problems stemming from linear recurrence relations. In this paper, we discuss factorizations and inverse factorizations of two kinds of generalized k--Fibonacci matrices. We derive some useful identities of the k--Fibonacci sequence. We investigate the Cholesky factorization of the generalized symmetric k--Fibonacci matrix by using these identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the potential for a class of non‐Gaussian processes so‐called generalized grey Brownian motion. We obtain a closed analytic form for the potential as an integral of the M‐Wright functions and the Green function. In particular, we recover the special cases of Brownian motion and fractional Brownian motion. In addition, we give the connection to a fractional partial differential equation and its the fundamental solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents five feature-enriched hardware-efficient mixed mode universal filter (UF) biquads using digitally programmable (DP) current conveyors (CC). Common features of proposed UFs include use of only two grounded capacitors, operation in all the four modes, realization of all the filter functions, independently programmable filter parameters and cascadability (last three features, however, are partially present in last UF). Besides all these features, the first proposed UF, designated as Generalized DPUF provides additional features such as reconfigurability, use of minimum input terminals, no component matching constraint and lesser parasitic effects. Although Generalized DPUF encompasses almost all the desirable features of any filter, it uses eight CCs for obtaining these. The need of eight CCs is justified by introducing remaining four programmable/non-programmable UFs. These additional UFs are designated as Derived UFs as they are obtained by the deletion of CCs of the Generalized DPUF. Proportionate reduction in features of Derived UFs with number of CCs proves the reasonability of eight CCs in Generalized DPUF. To further strengthen this fact, all the proposed UFs are compared with reported filters. Better/comparable performance of Generalized and reduced-performance Derived filters again justifies the need of eight CCs in Generalized UF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Objective: We aim to identify people with epilepsy who are unlikely to reachieve a 12‐month remission within 2 years after experiencing a breakthrough seizure following an initial 12‐month remission. Methods: We apply a novel longitudinal discriminant approach to data from the Standard and New Antiepileptic Drugs study to dynamically predict the risk of a patient not achieving a second remission after a breakthrough seizure by combining both baseline covariates (collected at the time of breakthrough seizure) and follow‐up data. Results: The model classifies 83% of patients. Of these, 73% of patients (95% confidence interval [CI] = 58%‐88%) who did not achieve a second remission were correctly identified (sensitivity), and 84% of patients (95% CI = 69%‐96%) who achieved a second remission were correctly identified (specificity). The area under the curve from our model was 87% (95% CI = 80%‐94%). Patients who did not achieve a second remission were correctly identified on average after 10 months of observation postbreakthrough. Occurrence of seizures after breakthrough and the number of seizures experienced were the most informative longitudinal variables. These longitudinal profiles were influenced by the following baseline covariates: age at breakthrough seizure, presence of neurological insult, and number of antiepileptic drugs required to achieve first remission. Significance: Using longitudinal data gathered during patient follow‐up allows more accurate predictions than using baseline covariates in a standard Cox model. The model developed in this paper is a useful first step in developing a tool for identifying patients who develop drug resistance after an initial remission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent research, the quasi-likelihood estimation methodology was developed to estimate the regression effects in the Generalized BINMA(1) (GBINMA(1)) process. The method provides consistent parameter estimates but, in the intermediate computations, moment estimating equations were used to estimate the serial- and cross-correlation parameters. This procedure may not result optimal parameter estimates, in particular, for the regression effects. This paper provides an alternative simpler GBINMA(1) process based on multivariate thinning properties where the main effects are estimated via a robust generalized quasi-likelihood (GQL) estimation approach. The two techniques are compared through some simulation experiments. A real-life data application is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the present paper is to obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a 3-dimensional generalized (k, µ)-contact metric manifold to be locally φ-symmetric in the sense of Takahashi and the condition is verified by an example. Next we characterize a 3-dimensional generalized (k, µ)-contact metric manifold satisfying certain curvature conditions on the concircular curvature tensor. Finally, we construct an example of a generalized (k, µ)-contact metric manifold to verify Theorem 1 of our paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a three parameters generalization of the power Lindley distribution is introduced. This includes as special cases the power Lindley and Lindley distribution. The new distribution exhibits decreasing, increasing and bathtub hazard rate depending on its parameters. Several statistical properties of the distribution are explored. Then, a bivariate version of the proposed distribution is derived. Finally, three real data applications illustrate the performance of our proposed distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the structure of optimal policies for periodic review inventory systems with concave ordering costs and general demand distributions. By extending the Scarf () model to systems with piecewise linear concave ordering costs, we show that, except for a bounded region, the generalized (s, S) policy is optimal. We do so by (a) introducing the notion of c‐convexity and (b) proving a conditional monotonicity property for the optimal order‐up‐to levels. We also provide conditions under which the generalized (s, S) policy is optimal for all regions of the state space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The well-known Weibull distribution can be used to model the decreasing and unimodal failure rate quite standard in reliability and biological studies. It is also commonly adopted as baseline to generate new distributions from generalized classes. In this paper, we investigate the identifiability of the exponentiated generalized class of distributions and in particular the exponentiated generalized Weibull distribution. We also develop conditions under which the model becomes identifiable. To further illustrate the identifiability issue, we consider a simulation study, and an application is presented to illustrate the potentialities of the model with the new parameterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This companion paper to the introduction of the International League Against Epilepsy ( ILAE) 2017 classification of seizure types provides guidance on how to employ the classification. Illustration of the classification is enacted by tables, a glossary of relevant terms, mapping of old to new terms, suggested abbreviations, and examples. Basic and extended versions of the classification are available, depending on the desired degree of detail. Key signs and symptoms of seizures (semiology) are used as a basis for categories of seizures that are focal or generalized from onset or with unknown onset. Any focal seizure can further be optionally characterized by whether awareness is retained or impaired. Impaired awareness during any segment of the seizure renders it a focal impaired awareness seizure. Focal seizures are further optionally characterized by motor onset signs and symptoms: atonic, automatisms, clonic, epileptic spasms, or hyperkinetic, myoclonic, or tonic activity. Nonmotor-onset seizures can manifest as autonomic, behavior arrest, cognitive, emotional, or sensory dysfunction. The earliest prominent manifestation defines the seizure type, which might then progress to other signs and symptoms. Focal seizures can become bilateral tonic-clonic. Generalized seizures engage bilateral networks from onset. Generalized motor seizure characteristics comprise atonic, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, myoclonic-atonic, myoclonic-tonic-clonic, tonic, or tonic-clonic. Nonmotor (absence) seizures are typical or atypical, or seizures that present prominent myoclonic activity or eyelid myoclonia. Seizures of unknown onset may have features that can still be classified as motor, nonmotor, tonic-clonic, epileptic spasms, or behavior arrest. This 'users' manual' for the ILAE 2017 seizure classification will assist the adoption of the new system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative None Orthogonal Multiple Access (C-NOMA) is a promising approach for 5G and beyond communication networks. Users will benefit from the full bandwidth of the channel without time constraints. NOMA’s features are incomplete without efficient power allocation that ensures power distribution among users fairly. Integrating power management (allocation) with Cooperative-NOMA (C-NOMA) may improve the system metrics. In addition, a physical layer security (PLS) is added to make the process of sending and receiving safe, and the system works in an integrated manner, preventing any interrupting or eavesdropping inside or outside the network. This paper demonstrates the user and channel performance of C-NOMA with Amplify-and-forward (AF) and Decode-and-forward (DF) approaches. The analysis is performed by varying the power allocation techniques to derive the best system configurations. The simulation results confirmed the analytic findings and showed that the proposed system outperforms orthogonal multiple access (OMA), conventional NOMA, and conventional cooperative NOMA, enhancing the performance metrics in terms of throughput, sum rate, and outage probability. The bit-error-rate (BER) of the far user can be identical to that of the near user if power allocation is properly set. All techniques excelled except for the fixed power allocation, which had the same BER. The Channel capacity and outage probability were also considered. A slight variation in the channel capacity in all the experiments for different numbers of users was found. The generalized power allocation for AF and DF models had the optimum channel capacity close to 14 bps/Hz. Moreover, far users always had a higher outage probability than near users and channels, and generalized power allocation was the highest outage probability technique when the transmit power was close to (4 dB).

Cenobamate (CNB), ([(R)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2H-tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl], is a novel tetrazole alkyl carbamate derivative. In November 2019, the Food and Drug Administration approved Xcopri®, marketed by SK Life Science Inc., (Paramus, NJ, USA) for adult focal seizures. The European Medicines Agency approved Ontozry® by Arvelle Therapeutics Netherlands B.V.(Amsterdam, The Neatherlands) in March 2021. Cenobamate is a medication that could potentially change the perspectives regarding the management and prognosis of refractory epilepsy. In this way, this study aims to review the literature on CNB's pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety. CNB is a highly effective drug in managing focal onset seizures, with more than twenty percent of individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy achieving seizure freedom. This finding is remarkable in the antiseizure medication literature. The mechanism of action of CNB is still poorly understood, but it is associated with transient and persistent sodium currents and GABAergic neurotransmission. In animal studies, CNB showed sustained efficacy and potency in the 6 Hz test regardless of the stimulus intensity. CNB was revealed to be the most cost-effective drug among different third-generation antiseizure medications. Also, CNB could have neuroprotective effects. However, there are still concerns regarding its potential for abuse and suicidality risk, which future studies should clearly assess, after which protocols should be changed. The major drawback of CNB therapy is the slow and complex titration and maintenance phases preventing the wide use of this new agent in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most traditional AC/AC power converters suffer from power quality problems and multi-stage power conversion losses. The rectifier and inverter-based AC/AC converter topology not only increases multi-stage power conversion losses, but also increases the volume, weight, and cost, and decreases the longevity of the converter due to the DC-link capacitor, line filter and electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter. High-frequency (about 10 kHz) switching advanced pulse width modulation techniques are generally used in order to compensate the power quality problems, which increase the switching losses and introduce the EMI problems. In this paper, a new generalized step-down single-stage line-frequency switching AC/AC power converter topology is proposed. The proposed converter uses line-frequency switching, and does not require any pulse width modulation techniques. The proposed topology offers promising performances in terms of lower order harmonics, total harmonic distortion, the elimination of DC-link capacitors and EMI filters, and switching losses. The circuit was designed and simulated in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. A scaled-down laboratory prototype of the proposed topology was developed in order to validate the feasibility. The experimental and simulation results reveal the feasibility of the proposed generalized step-down single-stage converter topology, and its excellent features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new State Estimation model uses Generalized Correntropy as quality criterion. • A new algorithm based on the Interior Point Method assures convergence. • Multiple gross errors are dealt with naturally, better than in classical models. • Higher robustness (smaller risk of wrong estimation) confirmed in extensive tests. • Gross errors in critical measurements and leverage points dealt with successfully. This paper provides an answer to the problem of State Estimation (SE) with multiple simultaneous gross errors, based on Generalized Error Correntropy instead of Least Squares and on an interior point method algorithm instead of the conventional Gauss–Newton algorithm. The paper describes the mathematical model behind the new SE cost function and the construction of a suitable solver and presents illustrative numerical cases. The performance of SE with the data set contaminated with up to five simultaneous gross errors is assessed with confusion matrices, identifying false and missed detections. The superiority of the new method over the classical Largest Normalized Residual Test is confirmed at a 99% confidence level in a battery of tests. Its ability to address cases where gross errors fall on critical measurements, critical sets or leverage points is also confirmed at the same level of confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The matchless properties possessed by biological composites such as nacre, bone, turtle, armadillo, and spider silk are a great inspiration to humankind which lead to the mimicking of their geometric and material features to simulate synthetic so-called bio-inspired composites. Bio-inspired composites are often considered an ideal candidate in the field of light and innovative structures, which the world is in need of. In order to develop a bio-inspired composite with fine mechanical properties, it is required to study all the possible factors which are responsible for the superior mechanical properties of a biological composite. The hierarchical arrangement and the staggering pattern of the platelets inside the matrix are major factors affecting the final properties of such composite materials. The generalization of parameters in a hierarchical structure could be beneficial in finding out the optimum parameters responsible for the maximum desirable mechanical properties in a bio-inspired composite. In this paper, we formulate a novel generalized model for a stairwise staggered (which is regarded as one of the patterns mostly found in nature due to its optimized properties) two hierarchical bio-inspired composite, and we optimize the model for a tailored design according to the stiffness, strength, and toughness requirements. The developed model can evaluate self-similar as well as non-self-similar configurations, and the analytical results from the studies show a good agreement when compared with the models of specific known designs from the literature. Also, the ternary plots obtained from optimization show that the number of platelets in a period at the first and second levels of hierarchy are the key parameters other than the volume fractions and the critical aspect ratios, controlling the final properties of the two hierarchical composites.

The article is devoted to the noncommutative integration of a diffusion partial differential equation (PDE). Its generalizations are also studied. This is motivated by the fact that many existing approaches for solutions of PDEs are based on evolutionary operators obtained as solutions of the corresponding stochastic PDEs. However, this is restricted to PDEs of an order not higher than 2 over the real or complex field. This article is aimed at extending such approaches to PDEs of an order higher than 2. For this purpose, measures and random functions having values in modules over complexified Cayley–Dickson algebras are investigated. Noncommutative integrals of hypercomplex random functions are investigated. By using them, the noncommutative integration of the generalized diffusion PDE is scrutinized. Possibilities are indicated for a subsequent solution of higher-order PDEs using their decompositions and noncommutative integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Interval-Valued Trapezoidal Intuitionistic Fuzzy Number (IVTrlFN) is a special case of an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS), which is defined on a real number set. From a geometric viewpoint, the expectation and expectant score of an IVTrlFN are defined using the notion of a b ary center, and a new method is developed to rank IVTrlFNs. Hereby, some generalized aggregation operators of IVTrIFNs are defined, including the generalized ordered weighted averaging operator and the generalized hybrid weighted averaging operator, which are employed to solve multi-attribute group decision making problems. Using the weighted average operator of IVTrIFNs, the attribute values of alternatives are integrated into the individual comprehensive ratings, which are further aggregated into the collective one by the generalized hybrid weighted averaging operator of IVTrIFNs. The ranking orders of alternatives are then generated according to the expectation and expectant score of the collective comprehensive ratings of alternatives. A numerical example is examined to demonstrate the applicability and implementation process of the decision method proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The well-known Weibull distribution can be used to model the decreasing and unimodal failure rate quite standard in reliability and biological studies. It is also commonly adopted as baseline to generate new distributions from generalized classes. In this paper, we investigate the identifiability of the exponentiated generalized class of distributions and in particular the exponentiated generalized Weibull distribution. We also develop conditions under which the model becomes identifiable. To further illustrate the identifiability issue, we consider a simulation study, and an application is presented to illustrate the potentialities of the model with the new parameterization.

The similarity solutions of the steady-state (SS) magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) flow over a semi infinite surface were currently studied in the literature. It is worthy to mention that the works done in the literature were concerned with studying the cases when the boundary conditions of the directed and perpendicular velocities at the surface are taken constants or linear in the space variable. Here, the objective of present work is to investigate the behavior of similarity solutions of the SS-MHD equation for in-homogeneous kinematic viscosity and arbitrary boundary conditions at the stretching surface. The exact solutions are obtained by implementing the extended and generalized unified methods. It is found that, multiple SS-MHD flow structures, over an infinite and semi-infinite surfaces, occur. This arises from the presence of arbitrary functions which are embedded in the solutions. In the case of semi-infinite surface the boundary condition is used. Highly oscillatory tlow over an infinite surface and zig-zag flow over semi infinite surface are observed. The effects of varying the induced magnetic field and the viscosity of the stretching and perpendicular velocities are investigated. It is found that, over semi-infinite surface, the magnitude of the stretching velocity raises, while the perpendicular velocity decreases, significantly with the strength of the field. The inverse statement hods when varying the magnitude of the viscosity. A novel approach for analyzing the stability of the steady flow solution is proposed and used here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fast algorithm for ring artefact reduction in high-resolution microtomography with synchrotron radiation is presented. The new method is a generalization of the one proposed by Titarenko and collaborators, with a complete sinogram restoration prior to reconstruction with classical algorithms. The generalized algorithm can be performed in linear time and is easy to implement. Compared with the original approach, with an explicit solution, this approach is fast through the use of the conjugate gradient method. Also, low/high-resolution sinograms can be restored using higher/lower-order derivatives of the projections. Using different order for the derivative is an advantage over the classical Titarenko's approach. Several numerical results using the proposed method are provided, supporting our claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Various research studies have investigated the relationship between anxiety and worry. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation and mindfulness in the relationship between anxiety and worry. Methods & Materials The present study follows a correlational design study. The research sample included 248 students of Kashan universities in Iran studying in the 2017-2018 academic year. The study data were collected using the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Pennsylvania state worry questionnaire (PSWQ), the Persian short form of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ-P-short form), and five-factor mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ). Then, the obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS v. 22 and AMOS v. 22 software. Ethical Considerations The Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Code: IR.KAUMS.REC.1396.36). Results The results showed a significant relationship between generalized anxiety and worry, worry and cognitive emotion regulation, worry and mindfulness, generalized anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation, and anxiety and mindfulness. The results of the structural equation modeling confirmed the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between anxiety and worry. Also, the path coefficient of mindfulness and anxiety was removed from the model because it was not significant. Conclusion Generally, cognitive emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety and worry. These findings seem applicable in the individual, family, educational, therapeutic, and interpersonal mental health fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Owing to their simplicity and reasonable accuracy, Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF) models are widely used for the analysis of laterally loaded piles. Their main drawback is idealizing the soil continuum with discrete uncoupled springs representing the soil reactions to pile movement. Static p–y curves, obtained from limited full-scaled field tests, are generally used as a backbone curve of the model. However, these empirically derived p–y curves could not incorporate the effects of various pile properties and soil continuity. The strain wedge method (SWM) has been improved to assess the nonlinear p–y curve response of laterally loaded piles based on a three-dimensional soil–pile interaction through a passive wedge developed in front of the pile. In this paper, the SWM based p–y curve is implemented as the backbone curves of developed BNWF model to study the nonlinear response of single pile under cyclic lateral loading. The developed nonlinear model is capable of accounting for various important soil–pile interaction response features such as soil and pile yielding, cyclic degradation of soil stiffness and strength under generalized loading, soil–pile gap formation with soil cave-in and recompression, and energy dissipation. Some experimental tests are studied to verify the BNWF model and examine the effect of each factor on the response of laterally loaded pile embedded in sand and clay. The experimental data and computed results agree well, confirming the model ability to predict the response of piles under one-way and two-way cyclic loading. The results show that the developed model can satisfactorily simulate the pile stiffness hardening due to soil cave in and sand densification as observed in the experiment. It is also concluded from the results that the gap formation and soil degradation have significant effects on the increase of lateral pile-head deflection and maximum bending moment of the pile in cohesive soils. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The integrability of the general Einstein–Weyl Metric equation is studied. Here, the approach proposed is based on using the extended and generalized unified methods. These methods inspect the integrability conditions, whenever exist. The exact solutions are thus obtained. They provide the existence and uniqueness of solution for initial value problem where initial value is taken from the exact solutions obtained. Similarity variables are introduced, and the extended unified method is applied to find a class of explicit self-similar wave solutions to the GEWM equation. Numerical evaluations of the solutions are done via symbolic computation. These results show periodic solitons and multi-lumps. It is found that the generalized heavenly equation admits a class of infinite solutions, among them the chaotic ones. The generalized unified method is used to find multi-traveling solitary waves solutions. We think that the presented methods generalize the known ones in the literature. This will be illustrated later on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the present paper, we aim to extend the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function Φ δ , ς ; γ ( ξ , s , υ ; p ) $\varPhi _{\delta ,\varsigma ;\gamma }(\xi ,s,\upsilon ;p)$ involving the extension of the beta function (Choi et al. in Honam Math. J. 36(2):357–385, 2014). We also study the basic properties of this extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function which comprises various integral formulas, a derivative formula, the Mellin transform, and the generating relation. The fractional kinetic equation for an extended Hurwitz–Lerch zeta function is also obtained from an application point of view. Furthermore, we obtain certain interesting relations in the form of particular cases.

Objective: Patients with epilepsy are at risk for several lifetime problems, in which neuropsychological impairments may represent an impacting factor. We evaluated the neuropsychological functions in children suffering from three main epilepsy categories. Further, we analyzed the longitudinal evolution of the neuropsychological profile over time. Methods: Patients undergoing neuropsychological evaluation at our Department from 2012 to 2018 were identified retrospectively. We selected patients aged 6–16 years and with at least two evaluations. Three epilepsy categories were considered: focal/structural, focal self-limited, and idiopathic generalized. Each evaluation included the same structured assessment of main neuropsychological domains. The effect of the epilepsy category, illness duration, seizure status, and medication was computed in multilevel models. Results: We identified 103 patients (focal self-limited = 27; focal/structural = 51; and idiopathic generalized = 25), for 233 evaluations. The majority of deficits were reported in attention and executive functions (>30% of patients); the results were dichotomized to obtain global indexes. Multilevel models showed a trend toward statistical significance of category of epilepsy on the global executive index and of illness duration on global attention index. Illness duration predicted the scores of executive and attention tasks, while category and medication predicted executive task performance. Focal/structural epilepsies mostly affected the executive domain, with deficits persisting over time. By contrast, an ameliorative effect of illness duration for attention was documented in all epilepsies. Conclusions: This study offers lacking information about the evolution of deficits in time, the role of epilepsy category, and possible psychological implications for high-order cognitive skills, central in several social and academic problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High potential of the GaAs generalized OPFET model for 100 Gb/s VLC applications. • InP generalized OPFET with 22.1 MHz optimum bandwidth under high background noise. • Generalized model exhibiting superior gain-bandwidth product. • Si, InP, and GaAs OPFETs can serve in low, medium, and high data rate VLCs. • In-depth, critical analysis of the device performances will assist further research. Through material and illumination model optimization, we seek to investigate the potential of enhancing the performance of Optical Field Effect Transistor (OPFET)-based detector-cum-amplifier in Visible Light Communication (VLC) applications. This paper studies Si, InP, and GaAs materials and the buried-gate front-illuminated and generalized OPFET models. The detector metrics namely responsivity, 3-dB bandwidth, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and the unity-gain cut-off frequency have been calculated. The results of the study confirm that on the whole, the generalized model has superior bandwidth performance to the buried-gate and back-illuminated models under low background lighting communication applications. GaAs generalized OPFET shows the largest detection/amplification bandwidth of 68.4/22.2 GHz at an intensity of 1019 /m2-s with a responsivity of 1×107 A/W. The findings point to potential use in VLC applications involving data rates of 100 Gb/s and above. Under high background lighting conditions, at an intensity of 1022 /m2-s, the InP generalized model exhibits the highest combined bandwidth of 22.1 MHz and a responsivity of 9.6×103 A/W. The detectors show Signal-to-Noise ratios exceeding 200 dB. The GaAs OPFETs exhibit a maximum 3 dB-cum-amplification bandwidth in the far gigahertz range, while the InP OPFET in the near gigahertz range, and the Si OPFET in the near megahertz range. These three OPFETs have applications respectively in high, medium, and low data rate VLC. All the device models exhibit significantly high responsivities. The results have been analyzed for photoconductive, photovoltaic, and series resistance effects. They provide the basis for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the epidemiology of epilepsy in Iran and to provide analytical estimates of the prevalence of various epilepsy syndromes. MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase from inception to 30 July 2020 were systematically searched. These key words were used: "epilepsy" OR "seizure" AND "Iran." In the second part of the study, the prevalence of various epilepsy syndromes in Iran was estimated based on the data from previous studies. We could identify 17 related articles. Three studies had class 2, and the rest provided class 4 of evidence. Two population‐based studies provided the prevalence rate of epilepsy in Iran: 0.8% and 1.2%. In one clinic‐based study, 20.2% of the patients were diagnosed as having idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). In another clinic‐based study, 5.4% of the patients were diagnosed to have Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome. No study has provided data on focal epilepsy syndromes other than temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in Iran. While high‐quality data from Iran on the epidemiology of epilepsy syndromes are scarce, based on the available data and extrapolations form other data from other world regions, we can estimate that the prevalence of epilepsy in Iran is about 1% and about 840,000 people currently have active epilepsy. From the whole population of people with epilepsy in Iran, about 168,000 people have IGEs, tens of thousands suffer from symptomatic generalized epilepsies, and approximately, 126,000–226,800 people suffer from TLE. There is a need for well‐designed population‐based epidemiological studies on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, topological ig-Homeomorphisms and topological gi-Homeomorphisms are introduced. Further, the relations between these two classes and some other classes of Homeomorphisms are investigated.

Objective: To determine the roles of shared and distinct genetic influences on generalized and focal epilepsy operating in individuals who manifest features of both types (combined epilepsies), and in families manifesting both generalized and focal epilepsies in separate individuals (mixed families). Methods: We analyzed the deeply phenotyped Epi4K cohort of multiplex families (≥3 affected individuals per family) using methods that quantify the aggregation of phenotypes within families and the relatedness of individuals with different phenotypes within family pedigrees. Results: The cohort included 281 families containing 1021 individuals with generalized (n = 484), focal (304), combined (51), or unclassified (182) epilepsies. The odds of combined epilepsy was higher in relatives of participants with combined epilepsy than in relatives of those with other epilepsy types (odds ratio [OR] 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7‐16.1, P =.004). Individuals with combined epilepsy co‐occurred in families more often than expected by chance (P =.03). Within mixed families, individuals with each type of epilepsy were more closely related to relatives with the same type than to relatives with other types (P <.001). Significance: These findings suggest that distinct genetic influences underlie the recently recognized entity of combined epilepsies, just as generalized epilepsies and focal epilepsies each have distinct genetic influences. Mixed families may in part reflect chance co‐occurrence of these distinct genetic influences. These conclusions have important implications for molecular genetic studies aimed at identifying genetic determinants of the epilepsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical techniques for solving interval-valued fractional differential equations (IFDE) are considered. Two solutions are obtained with the characterization of the solutions of two ordinary differential equation systems. A process based on the fractional Euler method is discussed thoroughly. The algorithm is illustrated by solving a problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pruritus is an unpleasant sensation which can decrease the patient's quality of life by leading to anxiety and sleep disturbances. Pruritus can present due to various dermatological and systemic diseases like eczema, xerosis, diabetes mellitus, cholestasis and uremia. However, no etiologic factor can be detected in some patients. Idiopathic generalized pruritus is used to describe pruritus without any underlying dermatosis or systemic disorders. Skin prick test is used for the evaluation of patients with generalized pruritus to determine the causative agent. Material and Methods: The skin prick test results of the patients with idiopathic generalized pruritus who were admitted to dermatology outpatient clinic between April 2017 and May 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: This study included 18 patients (12 female, 6 male) with idiopathic generalized pruritus. The mean age of the patients was 38.5. The mean disease duration was 3.4 years. Eleven (61.1%) patients had at least one positive reaction to skin prick testing. However, 7 (38.9%) patients did not react to any allergens. The most common allergies were to trees mixture and Aspergillus mix. Conclusions: Skin prick testing can be helpful in the management of patients with idiopathic generalized pruritus. Hereby, the most common allergens were detected as trees mixture and Aspergillus mix. However, a larger sample size is needed to characterize the most common allergens in Turkish patients with idiopathic generalized pruritus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive inclusion regions for the eigenvalues of matrix polynomials expressed in a general polynomial basis, which can lead to significantly better results than traditional bounds. We present several applications to engineering problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The authors discover a general k-fractional integral identity with multi-parameters for twice differentiable functions. By using this integral equation, the authors derive some new bounds on Hermite-Hadamard's and Simpson's inequalities for generalized (m, h)-preinvex functions through k-fractional integrals. By taking the special parameter values for various suitable choices of function h, some interesting results are also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) deals with finding the minimum-cost tour in a clustered set of cities. In this problem, the traveler is interested in finding the best path that goes through all clusters. As this problem is NPhard, implementing a metaheuristic algorithm to solve the large scale problems is inevitable. The performance of these algorithms can be intensively promoted by other heuristic algorithms. In this study, a search method is developed that improves the quality of the solutions and competition time considerably in comparison with Genetic Algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, the genetic algorithms with the Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) are combined and a heuristic mutation operator is applied. According to the experimental results on a set of standard test problems with symmetric distances, the proposed algorithm finds the best solutions in most cases with the least computational time. The proposed algorithm is highly competitive with the published until now algorithms in both solution quality and running time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Woolly Hair is an uncommon congenital anomaly of the scalp hair presenting with strongly coiled hair involving a localized area of the scalp or covering the entire side and occurring in non-black people. Isolated or localized wooly hair is usually benign and is not related to other disorders and/or complications. On the contrary, the generalized type may be related to disorders and syndromes affecting heart, cutis, liver and gastrointestinal organs. Among the syndromes presenting with wooly hair, the most known are the Naxos syndrome, the Carvajal- Huerta syndrome, the wooly hair/hypotrichosis, the ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility, the tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome. Case presentation: To our knowledge, no cases of wooly hair syndromes has been associated to neurologic involvement. Among the clinical notes of patients admitted in the Pediatric Units of the Catania University, we have selected four individuals presenting wooly hair, who showed different clinical features and course: case 1 presenting with a localized wooly hair type; case 2, member of a family affected by WH with autosomal dominant inheritance, not associated to complications; case 3, a wooly hair patient who displayed a progressive, severe form of Rasmussen's encephalitis with fatal evolution, and case 4, wooly hair associated to brain malformation and drug-resistant epilepsy. Conclusions: With this report, we aim to underline the wide spectrum of clinical presentation of individuals with WH and in particular we wish to give an annotation on a possible association of WH with severe neurologic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]