251 results
Search Results
2. Food contact materials: an effect-based evaluation of the presence of hazardous chemicals in paper and cardboard packaging.
- Author
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Selin, Erica, Svensson, Kettil, Gravenfors, Erik, Giovanoulis, Georgios, Iida, Mitsura, Oskarsson, Agneta, and Lundqvist, Johan
- Subjects
- *
HAZARDOUS substances , *PAPER chemicals , *CARDBOARD , *PACKAGING , *PACKAGING materials , *PIZZA , *CAKE - Abstract
Food contact materials (FCMs) can contain hazardous chemicals that may have the potential to migrate into food and pose a health hazard for humans. Previous studies have mainly focused on plastic materials, while data on packaging materials made from paper and cardboard are limited. We used a panel of cell-based bioassays to investigate the presence and impact of bioactive chemicals on human relevant endpoints like oxidative stress, genotoxicity, inflammation, xenobiotic metabolism and endocrine system effects in extracts made from paper and cardboard. In total, 23 methanol extracts of commonly used paper and cardboard available on the Swedish market were extracted as a whole product using methanol to retrieve polar substances, and tested at concentrations 0.3–10 mg/mL and 0.2–6 mg/mL. At the highest concentration bioactivities were observed in a high proportion of the samples: oxidative stress (52%), genotoxicity (100%), xenobiotic metabolism (74%), antiandrogenic- (52%) and antioestrogenic receptor (39%). Packages of potential concern included cake/pastry boxes/mats, boxes for infant formula/skimmed milk, pizza boxes, pizza slice trays and bag of cookies. It should be noted that the extraction for packages like cake/pastry boxes can be considered exaggerated, as the exposure usually is shorter. It can be hypothesised that the observed responses may be explained by inks, coatings, contaminants and/or naturally occurring compounds within the material. To summarise, an effect-based approach enables hazard identification of chemicals within FCMs, which is a valuable tool for ensuring safe use of FCMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Immersive virtual reality training for excavation safety and hazard identification
- Author
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Feng, Zhenan, Lovreglio, Ruggiero, Yiu, Tak Wing, Acosta, Dwayne Mark, Sun, Banghao, and Li, Nan
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. An effect-directed strategy for characterizing emerging chemicals in food contact materials made from paper and board
- Author
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Terje Svingen, Linda Bengtström, van Vugt-Lussenburg Barbara Medea Alice, Camilla Taxvig, Marianne Dybdahl, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Jens Højslev Petersen, Xenia Trier, Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai, Mona-Lise Binderup, and Kit Granby
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Paper ,Food contact materials ,Abietic acid ,Gene Expression ,Food Contamination ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,Paper and board ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Human health ,Bisphenol A ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Phthalates ,Food packaging materials ,Humans ,Potential source ,Food science ,Effect-directed analysis ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Chemistry ,Phthalate ,Food Packaging ,In vitro tests ,General Medicine ,030104 developmental biology ,Hazard identification ,Human exposure ,Chemical constituents ,Dehydroabietic acid ,Food Science - Abstract
open access article Food contact materials (FCM) are any type of item intended to come into contact with foods and thus represent a potential source for human exposure to chemicals. Regarding FCMs made of paper and board, information pertaining to their chemical constituents and the potential impacts on human health remains scarce, which hampers safety evaluation. We describe an effect-directed strategy to identify and characterize emerging chemicals in paper and board FCMs. Twenty FCMs were tested in eight reporter gene assays, including assays for the AR, ER, AhR, PPARγ, Nrf2 and p53, as well as mutagenicity. All FCMs exhibited activities in at least one assay. As proof-of-principle, FCM samples obtained from a sandwich wrapper and a pizza box were carried through a complete step-by-step multi-tiered approach. The pizza box exhibited ER activity, likely caused by the presence of bisphenol A, dibutyl phthalate, and benzylbutyl phthalate. The sandwich wrapper exhibited AR antagonism, likely caused by abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid. Migration studies confirmed that the active chemicals can transfer from FCMs to food simulants. In conclusion, we report an effect-directed strategy that can identify hazards posed by FCMs made from paper and board, including the identification of the chemical(s) responsible for the observed activity.
- Published
- 2017
5. An effect-directed strategy for characterizing emerging chemicals in food contact materials made from paper and board.
- Author
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Rosenmai, Anna Kjerstine, Bengtström, Linda, Taxvig, Camilla, Trier, Xenia, Petersen, Jens Højslev, Svingen, Terje, Binderup, Mona-Lise, Barbara Medea Alice, van Vugt-Lussenburg, Dybdahl, Marianne, Granby, Kit, and Vinggaard, Anne Marie
- Subjects
- *
FOOD chemistry , *TOXICOLOGICAL chemistry , *HEALTH , *MUTAGENICITY testing , *ABIETIC acid , *SAFETY - Abstract
Food contact materials (FCM) are any type of item intended to come into contact with foods and thus represent a potential source for human exposure to chemicals. Regarding FCMs made of paper and board, information pertaining to their chemical constituents and the potential impacts on human health remains scarce, which hampers safety evaluation. We describe an effect-directed strategy to identify and characterize emerging chemicals in paper and board FCMs. Twenty FCMs were tested in eight reporter gene assays, including assays for the AR, ER, AhR, PPARγ, Nrf2 and p53, as well as mutagenicity. All FCMs exhibited activities in at least one assay. As proof-of-principle, FCM samples obtained from a sandwich wrapper and a pizza box were carried through a complete step-by-step multi-tiered approach. The pizza box exhibited ER activity, likely caused by the presence of bisphenol A, dibutyl phthalate, and benzylbutyl phthalate. The sandwich wrapper exhibited AR antagonism, likely caused by abietic acid and dehydroabietic acid. Migration studies confirmed that the active chemicals can transfer from FCMs to food simulants. In conclusion, we report an effect-directed strategy that can identify hazards posed by FCMs made from paper and board, including the identification of the chemical(s) responsible for the observed activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Managing risk for auto warranties
- Author
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Aljazea, Ahmed M. and Wu, Shaomin
- Published
- 2019
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7. 基于 BERT 预训练模型的事故案例文本分类方法.
- Author
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涂远来, 周家乐, and 王慧锋
- Subjects
AUTOMATIC classification ,SYSTEM safety ,DATABASES ,KNOWLEDGE base ,REQUIREMENTS engineering - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of East China University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of East China University of Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A Review on Construction Safety: Hazards, Mitigation Strategies, and Impacted Sectors.
- Author
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Almaskati, Deema, Kermanshachi, Sharareh, Pamidimukkala, Apurva, Loganathan, Karthikeyan, and Yin, Zhe
- Subjects
HAZARD mitigation ,LITERATURE reviews ,HAZARDS ,EVIDENCE gaps ,PERSONAL protective equipment ,WORK-related injuries - Abstract
Hazard identification is a fundamental step in safety management that has the potential to reduce the number and severity of occupational injuries on construction sites. Researchers have identified and evaluated some of the hazards, but few have extensively discussed all of them and none have classified them by sector. The goal of this paper is to fill that research gap by considering hazard identification through an organized synthesis of the existing literature. After a comprehensive literature review, 236 publications were deemed eligible for further analysis. Eighteen safety hazards were identified and then categorized into four groups based on their physiological impacts, ranked based on frequency of citation, and classified by sector. The results revealed that falls from heights, material handling, and heavy machinery were the most frequently cited hazards and the most likely to impact all sectors. Mitigation strategies were also identified, and it was determined that most hazards can be mitigated through the use of personal protective equipment, and effective training and supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Construction Site Hazard Identification and Worker Adverse Reaction Monitoring Using Electroencephalograms: A Review.
- Author
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Wei, Bo'an, Yang, Bin, Zhang, Weiling, Liu, Pengju, Fu, Hanliang, Lv, Zhihan, and Wang, Faming
- Subjects
OCCUPATIONAL hazards ,ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY ,BUILDING sites ,MEDICAL technology ,BUILDING design & construction ,COGNITIVE neuroscience ,CONSTRUCTION industry ,WAKEFULNESS ,NEUROSCIENCES - Abstract
The construction process is a dynamic one, and the complexity of the working conditions and the high level of uncertainty make the construction industry the third most dangerous industry after mining and agriculture. And since the construction industry is vital to the development of a country, safety during construction is of particular importance. A great deal of research, studies and practices have been conducted to reduce potential risks and improve worker efficiency during the construction process. In recent years, with the rapid development of cognitive neuroscience and the integration of medical technology, various wearable monitoring devices have been widely used in the field of building construction for real-time monitoring of workers' physical and mental conditions. Among them, the application of EEG (electroencephalogram) in the building construction process enables researchers to gain insight into the physical and mental state of construction workers while performing construction tasks. This paper introduces EEG technology and portable EEG monitoring equipment and summarizes its application in monitoring workers' adverse reactions (emotion, fatigue, psychological burden, and vigilance) and construction hazard identification during the process of construction in recent years, which provides future EEG research in the field of building construction and construction site safety management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Hazard identification and prediction system for aircraft electrical system based on SRA and SVM.
- Author
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Zhou, Di, Zhuang, Xiao, Zuo, Hongfu, Cai, Jing, and Bao, Han
- Subjects
SYSTEM identification ,SUPPORT vector machines ,HAZARDS ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
The aircraft electrical system provides power for the normal operation of the aircraft. Its normal operation is critical to ensure the safe flight of the aircraft. Therefore, it is very important to identify the hazards in the aircraft electrical system. In this paper, a hazard identification and prediction system which can intelligently identify potential hazards in aircraft electrical system is proposed. The proposed hazard identification and prediction system mainly includes three processes: variable selection, hazard identification, and hazard prediction. In the process of variable selection, the stepwise regression analysis is used to select 8 main parameters that have the major influence on the DC bus voltage value from 18 parameters. In the process of hazard identification, support vector machine is used to identify pre-existing hazards in electrical system based on the status of all components. The identification accuracy of the support vector machine is 92.3%. When the electrical system does not have unacceptable hazards, a prediction of the variation range of the DC bus voltage value in the aircraft electrical system is performed. The average prediction relative error of support vector machine is only 0.86%. Overall, the identification accuracy and average prediction relative error show that the proposed hazard identification and prediction system can accurately and effectively identify and predict the hazards in the aircraft electrical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The evergreen process hazard analysis: An essential next step.
- Author
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Olsen, Jody E.
- Subjects
EVERGREENS ,HAZARDS - Abstract
The evergreen process hazard analysis (PHA) is an essential next step in hazard identification, risk analysis, and process safety risk management. The evergreen PHA addresses weaknesses in PHA practices that allow the facility PHA to degrade and become out‐of‐date during the periods between 5‐year revalidations. This degradation in the PHA has the potential to elevate safety risk in the facility. This paper outlines prerequisites and initial steps that support moving to evergreen PHA. Initial steps include developing the document flow process, establishing triggering events, and defining the PHA protocol for interim PHA studies. A phased approach for implementing evergreen PHA is outlined. Challenges and barriers, real and perceived, are discussed along with solutions. The implementation of a well‐designed and maintained evergreen PHA process not only supports better awareness of hazards within the facility but also allows for continual improvement of the PHA. Five‐year revalidation efforts may be reimagined and refocused to be more effective and to use resource time more efficiently. These benefits can ultimately contribute to safer and more reliable operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Power Plant Construction Projects Risk Assessment: A Proposed Method for Temporary Systems of Commissioning.
- Author
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Sánchez Colmenarejo, José Ignacio, Camprubí, Felipe Morales, González-Gaya, Cristina, and Sánchez-Lite, Alberto
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTION projects ,RISK assessment ,ACCIDENT prevention ,SAFETY factor in engineering ,SYSTEM safety ,TEMPORARY stores ,POWER plants - Abstract
The identification of hazards and risk assessment are key factors in the safety of the industries, including power plants. This paper contains an original risk analysis method that increases the level of safety in commissioning and start-up operations. With the proposed method, which has been tested in real industrial facilities, it has been possible to increase the safety of the system and reduce the likelihood of incidents and accidents in one of the most dangerous stages of project construction activities. This paper also gives an overview of the processes and procedures used in the construction of power plants compared to other industry sectors, proposing some areas for potential improvement. It has been verified that temporary systems used during commissioning apply risk evaluation techniques that do not consider some aspects related to process hazards, something that can be important for the prevention of accidents that historically happen at this stage. Analysis of the data has determined that, in these stages, there have been incidents and accidents, some of them severe. Thus, in this paper, a methodology is proposed. The method allows addressing the particularities of the execution of temporary systems in a safe way by putting into practice an agile and flexible method that can be applied to these particular systems, so that the risk levels can be reduced. The method was applied to one real application representative of this kind of system and yielded excellent results. The proposed methodology is highly recommended as an improvement for the power industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Energy transition technology comes with new process safety challenges and risks.
- Author
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Pasman, Hans, Sripaul, Edison, Khan, Faisal, and Fabiano, Bruno
- Subjects
- *
PLANT life cycles , *CLEAN energy , *STORAGE batteries , *VEGETABLE oils , *GREENHOUSE gases - Abstract
This paper intends to give an impression of new technologies and processes that are in development for application to achieve decarbonization, and about which less or no experience on associated hazards exists in the process industry. More or less an exception is hydrogen technology because its hazards are relatively known and there is industry experience in handling it safely, but problems will arise when it is produced, stored, and distributed on a large scale. So, when its use spreads to communities and it becomes as common as natural gas now, measures to control the risks will be needed. And even with hydrogen, surprise findings have been shown lately, e.g., its BLEVE behavior when in a liquified form stored in a vessel heated externally. Substitutes for hydrogen are not without hazard concern either. The paper will further consider the hazards of energy storage in batteries and the problems to get those hazards under control. Relatively much attention will be paid to the electrification of the process industry. Many new processes are being researched, which given green energy, will be beneficial to reduce greenhouse gases and enhance sustainability, but of which hazards are rather unknown. Therefore, as last chapter the developments with respect to the concept of hazard identification and scenario definition will be considered in quite detail. Improvements in that respect are also being possible due to the digitization of the industry and the availability of data and considering the entire life cycle, all facilitated by the data model standard ISO 15926 with the scope of integration of life-cycle data for process plants including oil and gas production facilities. Conclusion is that the new technologies and processes entail new process and personal hazards, and that much effort is going into renewal but safety analyses are scarce. Right in a period of process renewal, attention should be focused on possibilities to implement inherently safer design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The effectiveness of total loss control approach in accident prevention in industries in Zimbabwe
- Author
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Shabani, Tapiwa, Jerie, Steven, and Shabani, Takunda
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Review of Adequacy of Safeguards and Mitigation of Hazards Through Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Study
- Author
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Singh, Garima, Padmavathi, G. L. N., Nagaraju, G., Srivastava, Alok, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Tolio, Tullio A. M., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Schmitt, Robert, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Varde, Prabhakar V., editor, Vinod, Gopika, editor, and Joshi, N. S., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Software-supported Hazards Identification for Plug & Produce Systems
- Author
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Mosa, Waddah, Massouh, Bassam, Khabbazi, Mahmood, Eriksson, Mikael, Danielsson, Fredrik, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Haddar, Mohamed, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Xu, Jinyang, Editorial Board Member, Silva, Francisco J. G., editor, Pereira, António B., editor, and Campilho, Raul D. S. G., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Design of hazard identification system for aircraft power supply system based on SIMPLORER and MATLAB co-simulation.
- Author
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Zhou, Di, Zhuang, Xiao, Huang, Yan, Cai, Jing, and Zuo, Hongfu
- Subjects
POWER resources ,SYSTEM identification ,SUPPORT vector machines ,AUTOMATIC dependent surveillance-broadcast ,AIRCRAFT accidents ,HAZARDS - Abstract
The aircraft power supply system provides power for all the electrical equipment on the aircraft. Its normal operation is the key to ensure the safe flight of the aircraft. So, identifying the hazards in aircraft power supply system is necessary and critically important. In this paper, a hazard identification system for APSS based on the combined simulation of SIMPLORER and MATLAB is proposed. First, the different main fault modes in the aircraft power supply system are set on the control interface. Then, through the simulation model established on SIMPLORER, the aircraft power supply system power supply logic simulation is realized in the set fault mode. Finally, the simulation result is sent to the MATLAB to complete an identification process by using support vector machine method. The final state of each component and the identification result are shown in the control interface. The hazard identification system proposed in this paper has strong data interactivity and it can be applied to online hazard identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS FOR A UNIVERSAL HAZARD IDENTIFICATION METHODOLOGY.
- Author
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MIHIĆ, Matej
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTION industry ,HAZARDS ,MANUFACTURING industries ,SELF-inductance ,CONSTRUCTION materials ,METHODOLOGY - Abstract
Hazard identification in the construction industry is subject to a larger number of variables and unknowns than in other manufacturing industries making the hazard identification process more difficult and resulting in many injuries and fatalities. Moreover, previous research identified a research gap with regards to a universal hazard identification method. The results presented in this paper are a prerequisite for the development of such a method. Specifically, this paper proposes a novel classification of hazards in order to enable a more accurate hazard identification process which can take all possible hazards into consideration. Based on the theoretical framework, three hazard types are proposed in the research: self-induced hazards, peer-induced hazards, and global hazards. This classification is based on who is the source (who causes) the hazards in relation to who is affected by the hazards. Such classification was not identified in previous literature. This research also has practical implications. Such classification of hazards may influence safety experts to more actively focus on peer-induced hazards which are the hardest to identify. Finally, the outputs of the entire research should enable a more accurate and comprehensive hazard identification resulting in reduced injury and fatality rates in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. 基于图像描述的实验室气瓶危险场景辨识方法.
- Author
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傅煦嘉, 周家乐, 顾 震, 颜秉勇, and 王慧锋
- Subjects
LABORATORY management ,TEXT recognition ,GAS cylinders ,LABORATORY safety ,VIDEO monitors ,VIDEO surveillance - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of East China University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of East China University of Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Automated discontinuity extraction software versus manual virtual discontinuity mapping: Performance evaluation in rock mass characterization and rockfall hazard identification.
- Author
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Monsalve, Juan J., Pfreundschuh, Alex, Soni, Aman, and Ripepi, Nino
- Subjects
ROCKFALL ,OPEN source software ,REMOTE sensing ,STONE industry ,COMPUTER software - Abstract
Ground control failures are one of the main causes of accidents in the underground stone mining industry. Some of the fundamental tools for rockfall hazard identification are related to rock mass characterization and geotechnical discontinuity mapping. Recent technological advances in these methods are related to remote sensing techniques and pointcloud processing software for automated discontinuity mapping. Remote sensing techniques, such as LiDAR and photogrammetry, generate multimillion-point clouds with millimetric precision, capturing the structure of the rock mass. The automated point-cloud processing tools offer alternative algorithm-based methods to characterize and map these discontinuities. However, their applicability is constrained by multiple factors, such as site-specific conditions of the rock mass and the parameters used within the mapping algorithms. This paper evaluates the performance of automated discontinuity extraction software compared with manual virtual discontinuity mapping. Sampling windows from laser-scanned sections in an underground limestone mine are defined and mapped using the Discontinuity Set Extractor (DSE) opensource software. Results from the virtual discontinuity software are compared with manually extracted fractures from I-Site based on reviewing orientation, trace length, spacing, number of extracted discontinuities, and processing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A science-based agenda for health-protective chemical assessments and decisions: overview and consensus statement.
- Author
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Woodruff, Tracey J., Rayasam, Swati D. G., Axelrad, Daniel A., Koman, Patricia D., Chartres, Nicholas, Bennett, Deborah H., Birnbaum, Linda S., Brown, Phil, Carignan, Courtney C., Cooper, Courtney, Cranor, Carl F., Diamond, Miriam L., Franjevic, Shari, Gartner, Eve C., Hattis, Dale, Hauser, Russ, Heiger-Bernays, Wendy, Joglekar, Rashmi, Lam, Juleen, and Levy, Jonathan I.
- Subjects
POLLUTANTS ,COMMUNITIES ,RISK assessment ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,CONFLICT of interests ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
The manufacture and production of industrial chemicals continues to increase, with hundreds of thousands of chemicals and chemical mixtures used worldwide, leading to widespread population exposures and resultant health impacts. Low-wealth communities and communities of color often bear disproportionate burdens of exposure and impact; all compounded by regulatory delays to the detriment of public health. Multiple authoritative bodies and scientific consensus groups have called for actions to prevent harmful exposures via improved policy approaches. We worked across multiple disciplines to develop consensus recommendations for health-protective, scientific approaches to reduce harmful chemical exposures, which can be applied to current US policies governing industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants. This consensus identifies five principles and scientific recommendations for improving how agencies like the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approach and conduct hazard and risk assessment and risk management analyses: (1) the financial burden of data generation for any given chemical on (or to be introduced to) the market should be on the chemical producers that benefit from their production and use; (2) lack of data does not equate to lack of hazard, exposure, or risk; (3) populations at greater risk, including those that are more susceptible or more highly exposed, must be better identified and protected to account for their real-world risks; (4) hazard and risk assessments should not assume existence of a "safe" or "no-risk" level of chemical exposure in the diverse general population; and (5) hazard and risk assessments must evaluate and account for financial conflicts of interest in the body of evidence. While many of these recommendations focus specifically on the EPA, they are general principles for environmental health that could be adopted by any agency or entity engaged in exposure, hazard, and risk assessment. We also detail recommendations for four priority areas in companion papers (exposure assessment methods, human variability assessment, methods for quantifying non-cancer health outcomes, and a framework for defining chemical classes). These recommendations constitute key steps for improved evidence-based environmental health decision-making and public health protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Assessment Tool for Human–Robot Interaction Safety Risks during Construction Operations.
- Author
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Okpala, Ifeanyi, Nnaji, Chukwuma, and Gambatese, John
- Subjects
HUMAN-robot interaction ,INDUSTRIAL safety ,INDUSTRIAL robots ,CONSTRUCTION workers - Abstract
The use of robotics and automation (RA) within construction operations to combat stagnant productivity, high rates of injuries and fatalities, and a declining workforce is increasing. However, utilizing RA for construction operations creates human-robot interactions (HRIs) that can lead to the emergence of novel hazards or exacerbate existing safety risk levels. These hazards, if ignored, could worsen worker safety performance. This paper presents a study intended to identify critical HRI safety risks and develop a pre-task planning protocol for the assessment of safety risks associated with the use of RA. To achieve this goal, the authors utilized a sequential multi-phase approach relying on information obtained from a literature review, a 3-round Delphi process consisting of a panel of experts from industry and academia, and interviews with safety experts. Forty hazards associated with RA and 20 potential strategies for the mitigation of HRI safety risks were identified and evaluated. This information was used to develop a safety risk assessment tool that yields an overall risk rating of using RA. This study contributes to knowledge and practice by identifying and quantifying critical safety risks associated with HRI and developing a tool to assess and mitigate unique HRI safety risks. Utilizing insights developed in this study could improve construction worker safety and health and aid the industry's increasing push towards a smart and safe workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Effect of Hazard Identification and Information Amount Calculation in Coal Mine Safety Signs Design.
- Author
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Jiang, Wei
- Subjects
COAL mining safety ,HAZARD mitigation ,MINE accidents ,COAL miners -- Safety measures ,MINE safety ,COMPUTER graphics software - Abstract
Hazard identification is an important basis for the design of coal mine safety signs. This paper analyses the coal face hazard checklists in a large state-owned coal mine enterprise in China from January 2015 to December 2015. The conclusion is hazard occurring most frequently on top five are liquid leakage, spray unopened, belt deviation, littering, cylinder distance too close. According to the conclusion, the paper designed five safety signs which are cylinders must have a sufficient distance, be careful not to let the belt running deviation, prohibit littering, precaution the liquid leakage and must open spray using computer graphics software. Using information formula to calculate five disigned safety signs of design, it is found that no ambiguity for the sign of must be sprayed marks. Information of sufficient distance between cylinders sign and caution liquid leakage sign is between 0 and 1, which are acceptable. Information of no littering sign and warning the belt deviation sign is between 1 and 2, which means there are too many ambiguities for the signs and need to be redesigned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. A comprehensive review of the Swiss cheese model in risk management
- Author
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Shabani, Tapiwa, Jerie, Steven, and Shabani, Takunda
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A process-based model for effective and sustainable work safety analysis in zimbabwe: A review
- Author
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Shabani, Tapiwa, Jerie, Steven, and Shabani, Takunda
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Study on electric potential response’s spatial distribution characteristics to damaging localization evolution of gas-bearing coal under load.
- Author
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Niu, Yue, Wang, Enyuan, Li, Zhonghui, Li, Baolin, Gao, Feng, Liu, Xianfeng, Zhang, Zhizhen, Deng, Qi, Long, Zhaoxi, Wang, Mingfu, Wang, Jiali, Gao, Liaoyuan, and Zhang, Xin
- Abstract
For mining engineering and geological engineering, the deformation and fracture of coal and rock are the essential causes of dynamic disasters. In this paper, the loading experimental system was established on gas-bearing coal, to study the internal relationship between the spatial distribution of EP and the development process of damaging localization on coal mass. The results indicated the temporal response of EP signal could reflect the stress state and damage degree of gas-bearing coal, showing the precursor feather when coal mass failed. Particularly, when the stress dropped suddenly, the EP signal has a sudden mutation, and the acoustic emission (AE) signal suffered the pulsed increase, while the crack grew and expanded rapidly. Furthermore, when local severe damage occurs inside the coal mass, there was abnormal EP spatial distribution with high-value or dense contours in these zones, where simultaneously AE rupture events frequently occurred, and cracks expanded and gathered. The characteristics of EP spatial distribution can reveal the development process of coal mass damaging localization. Meanwhile, the mentioned zones with abnormal EP distribution above are hazard sources inducing coal mass’s instability and failure. The study results provide the foundational research work of fine forecasting on coal and gas outburst disaster hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. 灌区水闸工程建设期危险源识别及风险评价研究.
- Author
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马 强, 张 辉, 杨子照, and 张继勋
- Abstract
Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. ZPW-2000G型无绝缘轨道电路系统安全 分析与验证.
- Author
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冯晶玮 and 赵红芳
- Subjects
FAILURE mode & effects analysis ,SAFETY ,RISK assessment ,RESEARCH & development ,HAZARDS - Abstract
Copyright of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering is the property of Railway Signalling & Communication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Hazard identification and risk assessment of groundwater inrush from a coal mine: a review.
- Author
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Wang, Dandan, Sui, Wanghua, and Ranville, James F.
- Abstract
Evaluation of water inrush risk is becoming increasingly important as coal mining activities reach greater depths. Hazard identification, as well as hazard analysis, is the first step in accident prevention. However, there have not been any studies that focus on the hazard analysis system for mine water inrush. In this paper, hazard identification and its definitions are briefly summarized and a comprehensive review of methods for hazard identification and classification are conducted. To illustrate the hazard of coal mine water inrush, data on coal mine accidents (since 2001) are collected and hundreds water inrush accidents were analyzed in depth. Empirical, statistical analysis and case study method were used to conduct the research. By collecting a large number of mine water inrush cases, hazard identification and risk control measures for coal mine water inrush accidents were conducted. Hazard identification method based on fault tree analysis, as well as a method based on management oversight and risk tree (MORT) and energy release theory were put forward. The analysis results show that the historical information and experiences are critically important in hazard identification of mine water inrush. Hazard of mine water inrush is divided into dynamic root hazard and static root hazard which can be further categorized into static innate hazard and dynamic-triggered hazard. Strategies for risk control of mine water inrush are combined into three aspects: engineering controls, operation system controls, and human behavior controls. Finally, a case study of the Taoyuan coal mine was conducted to illustrate the proposed system, with limitations and future studies are discussed. The hazard identification and classification system can be broadly applied to coal mines and will improve risk control and prevention of mine water inrush accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Hazard identification of endocrine-disrupting carcinogens (EDCs) in relation to cancers in humans.
- Author
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Sharma, Neha, Kumar, Vinay, S., Vimal, Umesh, Mridul, Sharma, Preeti, Thazeem, Basheer, Kaur, Komalpreet, Thomas, Jithin, Pasrija, Ritu, and Utreja, Divya
- Subjects
- *
ENDOCRINE disruptors , *EVIDENCE gaps , *ORGANS (Anatomy) , *CARCINOGENS , *CARCINOGENICITY - Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals or carcinogens have been known for decades for their endocrine signal disruption. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a serious concern and they have been included in the top priority toxicants and persistent organic pollutants. Therefore, researchers have been working for a long time to understand their mechanisms of interaction in different human organs. Several reports are available about the carcinogen potential of these chemicals. The presented review is an endeavor to understand the hazard identification associated with endocrine disrupting carcinogens in relation to the human body. The paper discusses the major endocrine disrupting carcinogens and their potency for carcinogenesis. It discusses human exposure, route of entry, carcinogenicity and mechanisms. In addition, the paper discusses the research gaps and bottlenecks associated with the research. Moreover, it discusses the limitations associated with the analytical techniques for detection of endocrine disrupting carcinogens. [Display omitted] • Types of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) related to cancer were analyzed. • EDCs associated cancers and their mechanisms were discussed. • Human exposure to EDCs was explored. • Assessment of EDCs carcinogenicity was performed. • Research gaps and future studies were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Understanding and managing the risk during transient operations.
- Author
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Vaughen, Bruce K.
- Subjects
DECISION making ,RISK assessment ,RISK - Abstract
This paper presents the results from more than 50 incidents attributed in part to the process safety risks associated with abnormal, transient operations during start‐ups and shut‐downs. A transient operation is defined in this paper as the time when the process is in transition between one operating state and another. In particular, the transient operations‐related focus is on the time when equipment is taken from its safe, idle state to its safe operating conditions (a start‐up) and vice versa, when the equipment is then taken back to its safe, idle state (a shut‐down). There are 10 different start‐up and shut‐down operating modes during normal operations, abnormal operations, and emergency operations. The incidents in this review were attributed to weaknesses in administrative controls that did not work as planned and engineering controls that did not perform as expected. Due to these weaknesses, unexpected events occurred, resulting in quick decisions made without adequately understanding the hazards, evaluating the risks, or managing the changes. In many cases, had the asset integrity and reliability program been in place or effective operational readiness review performed before attempting the process restarts, the risks associated with the transient operating mode could have been reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. HAZOP Study on the CTCS-3 Onboard System.
- Author
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Li, Kaicheng, Yao, Xiaofei, Chen, Dewang, Yuan, Lei, and Zhou, Datian
- Abstract
The safe operation of Chinese Train Control System Level 3 (CTCS-3) is of great significance, particularly with respect to the increasing operational speed and expanding railway networks of the Chinese high-speed railway system, which has drawn deep concern from both customers and strategic makers. A hazard and operability (HAZOP) study has been recognized as an effective systematic examination to identify any potential problems existing in various industrial processes or operations. This paper presents a process of applying a HAZOP study to identify the hazards of a CTCS-3 onboard system for the first time, which is composed of two major parts: system models and hazard identification on the examination session. To better reflect the structure and functions of a CTCS-3 onboard system, the following models are developed, i.e., a reference model, a function hierarchical model, a state diagram, and a sequence diagram. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the HAZOP study, hazard identification on the basis of the functions of the CTCS-3 onboard system and a scenario of temporary speed restriction is considered and employed. The results indicate that existing hazards can be dug out at express speed, which allows the relevant actions to be proposed and implemented to prevent the hazards from spreading to a wide range in the whole CTCS-3 onboard system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Risk Analysis Screening Tool: Part I, overview.
- Author
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Vaughen, Bruce K., Hurban, David A., First, Kenneth, and Ness, Al
- Subjects
RISK assessment ,COMMUNITY safety ,CHEMICAL processes ,DATA integrity ,RELIABILITY in engineering - Abstract
The Dow Chemical Company has provided for international use a set of tools to help other companies effectively understand and manage their process safety hazards and risks, helping the global process safety community improve their process safety performance. The tools described in this paper were generously donated to the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) and the European Process Safety Centre (EPSC). What makes this donation special is that small and large companies can use the Risk Analysis Screening Tool (RAST) and the Chemical Hazards Engineering Fundamentals (CHEF) tools to help validate, screen, and prioritize between their process risks. Each company can download and configure RAST to assess for and ensure compliance with their company‐specific risk matrix: their risk tolerance criteria. RAST can be applied to existing and proposed installations. In addition, RAST is versatile: helping reduce process safety risk when used during Management of Change (MOC) reviews for comparing different inherently safer design options. As is detailed in the paper, RAST follows the basic steps in performing a Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis (HIRA) study. The tool allows Process Hazards Analysis (PHA) Teams to validate process‐specific scenarios, and provides guidance on potential causes of incident scenarios. The scenario‐specific risks—a function of the consequence and the frequency—can be determined in RAST through a quantified consequence impact through leak rate and dispersion modeling and estimated scenario frequencies through equipment integrity and reliability information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. An improved DBSCAN Algorithm for hazard recognition of obstacles in unmanned scenes
- Author
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Zhang, Wenying
- Published
- 2023
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35. Use of Hybrid Causal Logic Method for Preliminary Hazard Analysis of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.
- Author
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Zhang, Di, Han, Zhepeng, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Jinfen, Zhang, Mingyang, and Zhang, Fan
- Subjects
NAVAL architecture ,FAULT trees (Reliability engineering) ,SHIPS ,BAYESIAN analysis ,HAZARDS ,MARINE accidents ,SHIPWRECKS - Abstract
Recently, the safety issue of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) has become a hot topic. Preliminary hazard analysis of MASS can assist autonomous ship design and ensure safe and reliable operation. However, since MASS technology is still at its early stage, there are not enough data for comprehensive hazard analysis. Hence, this paper attempts to combine conventional ship data and MASS experiments to conduct a preliminary hazard analysis for autonomy level III MASS using the hybrid causal logic (HCL) method. Firstly, the hazardous scenario of autonomy level III MASS is developed using the event sequence diagram (ESD). Furthermore, the fault tree (FT) method is utilized to analyze mechanical events in ESD. The events involving human factors and related to MASS in the ESD are analyzed using Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). Finally, the accident probability of autonomy level III MASS is calculated in practice through historical data and a test ship with both an autonomous and a remote navigation mode in Wuhan and Nanjing, China. Moreover, the key influence factors are found, and the accident-causing event chains are identified, thus providing a reference for MASS design and safety assessment process. This process is applied to the preliminary hazard analysis of the test ship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Nanoplastics and Human Health: Hazard Identification and Biointerface.
- Author
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Lai, Hanpeng, Liu, Xing, and Qu, Man
- Subjects
HAZARDS ,ENVIRONMENTAL sampling ,FOOD chains ,ENVIRONMENTAL security ,POISONS - Abstract
Nanoplastics are associated with several risks to the ecology and toxicity to humans. Nanoplastics are synthetic polymers with dimensions ranging from 1 nm to 1 μm. They are directly released to the environment or secondarily derived from plastic disintegration in the environment. Nanoplastics are widely detected in environmental samples and the food chain; therefore, their potentially toxic effects have been widely explored. In the present review, an overview of another two potential sources of nanoplastics, exposure routes to illustrate hazard identification of nanoplastics, cell internalization, and effects on intracellular target organelles are presented. In addition, challenges on the study of nanoplastics and future research areas are summarized. This paper also summarizes some approaches to eliminate or minimize the levels of nanoplastics to ensure environmental safety and improve human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Development of Proactive Mine Electrical Safety Management System (MESMS) for Indian Underground Hard Rock Mines: A Risk Assessment Based Approach.
- Author
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Sarkar, F. and Sarkar, I.
- Subjects
HARD rock minerals ,RISK assessment ,STANDARD operating procedure ,ELECTRIC appliance installation ,INDUSTRIAL engineering ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
Automation of operational activities in trackless underground hard rock mines is very common and necessary trend in present day Indian mining scenario. The use of various types of electrical machineries and equipments like electro-hydraulic drill jumbo, electrically operated LHD (Load haul Dump), auxiliary and booster ventilation fans, winding system and pumping system etc. are essential requirements for carrying out mining operations efficiently and safely. Beside this, mine Illumination system comprises large number of electrical components. As the use of the electricity is indispensable in nature and exposure of miners to the electrical equipments is increasing day-by-day, the occurrence of electricity related accidents in mining industry is also increasing. In this context, a detailed study on recent accident/incidents caused by electrical installations in mines and associated hazardous issues in a trackless underground hard rock mine was conducted. The major outcomes of case study exhibited the necessity of a methodical approach using suitable scientific tools to moderate the hazards associated with the electrical equipments and installations during different unit operations in case study mine. As the measures of control, a proactive Mine Electrical Safety Management System (MESMS) has been established in accordance with the Directorate General of Mine safety (DGMS), India, guidelines, CEA (Central Electricity Authority) Regulation, 2010, India and Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) procedure and instigated for implementation. In this paper; design and development of various components of MESMS viz. hazard identification and Risk assessment of electrical equipment operations and maintenance activities, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for significant hazards and apposite work plans (WP) to accomplish the goal of operational safety have been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
38. Pathologists' perspective on the study design, analysis, and interpretation of proliferative lesions in a lifetime rodent carcinogenicity bioassay of sucralose.
- Author
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Elmore, Susan A., Rehg, Jerold E., Schoeb, Trenton R., Everitt, Jeffrey I., and Bolon, Brad
- Subjects
- *
SUCRALOSE , *CARCINOGENICITY , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *PATHOLOGISTS , *CARCINOGENS , *MICE - Abstract
Sucralose, a sugar substitute first approved for use in 1991, is a non-caloric sweetener regulated globally as a food additive. Based on numerous experimental animal studies (dating to the 1980s) and human epidemiology studies, international health agencies have determined that sucralose is safe when consumed as intended. A single lifetime rodent carcinogenicity bioassay conducted by the Ramazzini Institute (RI) reported that mice fed diets containing sucralose develop hematopoietic neoplasia, but controversy continues regarding the validity and relevance of these data for predicting health effects in humans. The present paper addresses the controversy by providing the perspective of experienced pathologists on sucralose-related animal toxicity and carcinogenicity data generally, and the RI carcinogenicity bioassay findings specifically, using results from publicly available papers and international regulatory authority decisions. In the authors' view, flaws in the design, methodology, data evaluation, and reporting of the RI carcinogenicity bioassay for sucralose diminish the value of the data as evidence that this agent represents a carcinogenic hazard to humans. This limitation will remain until the RI bioassay is repeated under Good Laboratory Practices and the design, data, and accuracy of the pathology diagnoses and interpretations are reviewed by qualified pathologists with experience in evaluating potential chemically-induced carcinogenic hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Hydrogen vs. Batteries: Comparative Safety Assessments for a High-Speed Passenger Ferry.
- Author
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Mylonopoulos, Foivos, Boulougouris, Evangelos, Trivyza, Nikoletta L., Priftis, Alexandros, Cheliotis, Michail, Wang, Haibin, and Shi, Guangyu
- Subjects
FIREFIGHTING ,FUEL cells ,PARTICLE size determination ,HYDROGEN analysis ,FERRIES ,STORAGE batteries ,HYDROGEN - Abstract
Batteries and hydrogen constitute two of the most promising solutions for decarbonising international shipping. This paper presents the comparison between a battery and a proton-exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell version of a high-speed catamaran ferry with a main focus on safety. The systems required for each version are properly sized and fitted according to the applicable rules, and their impact on the overall design is discussed. Hazards for both designs were identified; frequency and consequence indexes for them were input qualitatively, following Novel Technology Qualification and SOLAS Alternative Designs and Arrangements, while certain risk control options were proposed in order to reduce the risks of the most concerned accidental events. The highest ranked risks were analysed by quantitative risk assessments in PyroSim software. The gas dispersion analysis performed for the hydrogen version indicated that it is crucial for the leakage in the fuel cell room to be stopped within 1 s after being detected to prevent the formation of explosive masses under full pipe rupture of 33 mm diameter, even with 120 air changes per hour. For the battery version, the smoke/fire simulation in the battery room indicated that the firefighting system could achieve a 30% reduction in fire duration, with firedoors closed and ventilation shut, compared to the scenario without a firefighting system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Early Warning Weather Hazard System for Power System Control.
- Author
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Božiček, Amalija, Franc, Bojan, and Filipović-Grčić, Božidar
- Subjects
WEATHER hazards ,EXTREME weather ,WEATHER ,THUNDERSTORMS ,ELECTRIC power distribution grids ,UTILITY functions ,HAZARD mitigation ,WILDFIRE prevention - Abstract
Power systems and their primary components, mostly the transmission and distribution of overhead lines, substations, and other power facilities, are distributed in space and are exposed to various atmospheric and meteorological conditions. These conditions carry a certain level of risk for reliable electrical power delivery. Various atmospheric hazards endanger the operation of power systems, where the most significant are thunderstorms, wildfire events, and floods which can cause various ranges of disturbances, faults, and damages to the power grid, or even negatively affect the quality of life. By utilizing a weather monitoring and early warning system, it is possible to ensure a faster reaction against different weather-caused fault detections and elimination, to ensure a faster and more adequate preparation for fighting extreme weather events, while maintaining overhead line protection and fault elimination. Moreso, it is possible to bypass overhead lines that have the highest risk of unfavorable meteorological events and hazards, and reroute the energy, thus providing electricity to endangered areas in times of need while minimizing blackouts, and consequently, improving the quality of human life. This paper will present an analysis of the various risks of atmospheric phenomena, in the meteorological and climate context, and discuss various power system components, the power system control, operations, planning, and power quality. A concept with the main functionalities and data sources needed for the establishment of an early warning weather hazard system will be proposed. The proposed solution can be used as a utility function in power system control to mitigate risks to the power system due to atmospheric influences and ongoing climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The Enhancement of OSH Training with an Augmented Reality-Based App.
- Author
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Kamal, Ahmad A., Junaini, Syahrul N., Hashim, Abdul H., Sukor, Faizal S., and Said, Muhammad F.
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,AUGMENTED reality ,ACTIVE learning ,LIKERT scale ,OCCUPATIONAL training ,MOBILE apps - Abstract
Recent advances in training approaches and technology have identified the need to improve training in the field of occupational safety and health (OSH). While many researchers have examined the use of augmented reality (AR) and technology-based classrooms to enhance conventional training practices, quantitative evidence for their effectiveness and motivational impact remains scarce. To contribute to filling this research gap, an AR-based application was developed to enhance OSH training. The enhanced training session was conducted in a closed, safe environment with ten participants with no background in OSH. Pre-test, post-test, and instructional material motivation surveys (IMMS) using a five-point Likert scale were deployed to measure the effectiveness and motivational impact in accordance with the respective ARCS factors. The empirical results obtained show that participants performed significantly better in the post-tests than in the pre-tests (mean = 14.60, s = 1.71, t(9) = -12.11 with p-value < 0.001). The IMMS results show that the perceived motivation arising from the AR-based application resulted in the highest mean score for the satisfaction factor (4.80) followed by the relevance (4.65), confidence (4.60), and attention (4.55) factors. The results of the evaluation suggest that the AR-based application boosted participants' active learning behavior, engagement, and interest during the enhanced training session and produced a better learning outcome and experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. 金属矿山深部开采突水致灾危险源辨识与危险性评价——以滇东北毛坪铅锌矿为例.
- Author
-
袁世冲, 李强, 孙帮涛, and 韩贵雷
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Engineering Geology / Gongcheng Dizhi Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Geology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Using the Potential of The Employees' Expertise and Awareness of Occupational Hazards in The Mining Industry.
- Author
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Nowak-Senderowska, Dagmara and Patyk, Michał
- Subjects
MINERAL industries ,MINING methodology ,INDUSTRIAL safety ,EXPERTISE ,OCCUPATIONAL hazards - Abstract
The paper highlights the results of a study that examined the employees' expertise and awareness of occupational hazards in their work environment. The research involved a survey conducted in the form of a short questionnaire among employees responsible for loading and hauling of excavated material in an opencast mine. Among 23 major hazards that were thus identified, there were global hazards (affecting the entire mining process) as well as local, task-specific hazards. Depending on the number of responses, 10 local and 3 global hazards were identified in the analyzed area, involving noise, stress and dust. Active participation of the crew in the risk identification process helped in the assessment of their criticality levels, according to employees carrying out various task, highlighting the benefits of such approach for effective work safety management in a mining company. The conducted research demonstrated yet another goal to be achieved - i.e. the comparison of criticality levels of hazards as identified by employees and those reported in occupational risk assessment reports in the mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Hazards of current concentration-setting practices in environmental toxicology studies.
- Author
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Wolf, Jeffrey C. and Segner, Helmut E.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL sciences , *ANIMAL experimentation , *HAZARDS , *ENVIRONMENTAL toxicology , *ANIMAL health - Abstract
The setting of concentrations for testing substances in ecotoxicological studies is often based on fractions of the concentrations that cause 50% mortality (LC50 or LD50) rather than environmentally relevant levels. This practice can result in exposures to animals at test concentrations that are magnitudes of order greater than those experienced in the environment. Often, such unrealistically high concentrations may cause non-specific biochemical or morphologic changes that primarily reflect the near-lethal health condition of the animal subjects, as opposed to effects characteristic of the particular test compound. Meanwhile, it is recognized that for many chemicals, the toxicologic mode of action (MOA) responsible for lethality may differ entirely from the MOAs that cause various sublethal effects. One argument for employing excessively high exposure concentrations in sublethal studies is to ensure the generation of positive toxicological effects, which can then be used to establish safety thresholds; however, it is possible that the pressure to produce exposure-related effects may also contribute to false positive outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to explore issues involving some current usages of acute LC50 data in ecotoxicology testing, and to propose an alternative strategy for performing this type of research moving forward. Toward those ends, a brief literature survey was conducted to gain an appreciation of methods that are currently being used to set test concentrations for sublethal definitive studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Investigation of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system utilizing systems-theoretic process analysis (STPA) towards safe and sustainable energy supply.
- Author
-
Zhang, Aibo, Yin, Zhaoyuan, Wu, Zhiying, Xie, Min, Liu, Yiliu, and Yu, Haoshui
- Subjects
- *
COMPRESSED air energy storage , *POWER resources , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *SOLAR energy , *ENERGY storage , *WIND power , *CARBON offsetting - Abstract
Renewable energy attracts increasing attention from both industry and academia under the context of carbon neutrality. For wind and solar energy, the strong dependence on natural processes results in the imbalance between energy production and real demands. Energy storage technologies, e.g., Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), are promising solutions to increase the renewable energy penetration. However, the CAES system is a multi-component structure with multiple energy forms involved in the process subject to high temperature and high-pressure working conditions. The CAES system is a complex process flowsheet consisting of charging and discharging process. The process should be optimized to achieve the best thermodynamic and economic performance. Under the optimal design conditions, it might lead to severe consequences once a failure occurs, e.g., harm to humans, the environment, and assets. Limited attention and scarce available information have been paid to the CAES system risk management yet. Hence, this paper applies the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), which is a top-down method based on system theory, to identify the CAES system safety hazards. The results are expected to provide a preliminary guideline for practitioners regarding the safety and reliability of the CAES system. As a result, a more reliable CAES system can contribute to a more flexible energy system with more efficient and economic utilization of fluctuating renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. 高校实验室安全管理与规范操作流程再造研究.
- Author
-
杨 盼 and 吕建刚
- Abstract
Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Formal Safety Assessment of a Marine Seismic Survey Vessel Operation, Incorporating Risk Matrix and Fault Tree Analysis.
- Author
-
Asuelimen, Gregory, Blanco-Davis, Eduardo, Wang, Jin, Yang, Zaili, and Matellini, Dante Benjamin
- Abstract
In maritime safety research, risk is assessed usually within the framework of formal safety assessment (FSA), which provides a formal and systematic methodology to improve the safety of lives, assets, and the environment. A bespoke application of FSA to mitigate accidents in marine seismic surveying is put forward in this paper, with the aim of improving the safety of seismic vessel operations, within the context of developing an economically viable strategy. The work herein takes a close look at the hazards in North Sea offshore seismic surveying, in order to identify critical risk factors, leading to marine seismic survey accidents. The risk factors leading to undesirable events are analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. A risk matrix is introduced to screen the identified undesirable events. Further to the screening, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is presented to investigate and analyse the most critical risks of seismic survey operation, taking into account the lack of historical data. The obtained results show that man overboard (MOB) event is a major risk factor in marine seismic survey operation; lack of training on safe work practice, slippery deck as a result of rain, snow or water splash, sea state affecting human judgement, and poor communication are identified as the critical risk contributors to the MOB event. Consequently, the risk control options are focused on the critical risk contributors for decision-making. Lastly, suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA methodology are highlighted for safer marine and offshore operations in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Propagation Laws of Reclamation Risk in Tailings Ponds Using Complex Network Theory.
- Author
-
Zhen, Zhixin, Zhang, Ying, and Hu, Mengrong
- Subjects
INVESTMENT risk ,PONDS ,MINE waste ,SOLID waste ,SUSTAINABLE development ,EMERGENCY management - Abstract
Accidents have occurred periodically in the tailings ponds where mine solid waste is stored in recent years, and thus their safety has become one of the constraints restricting the sustainable development of the mining industry. Reclamation is an important way to treat tailings ponds, but improper reclamation methods and measures not only cannot reduce the accident risk of tailings ponds, but will further increase the pollution to the surrounding environment. The influencing factors of reclamation accidents in tailings ponds are complex, and the existing models cannot characterize them. In order to study the propagation process of tailings pond reclamation risk, this paper proposes a three-dimensional identification framework for accident hazards based on evidence (TDIFAHE) to identify all potential hazards that may occur during the reclamation stage, and obtain a list of hazards. Based on the complex network theory, this paper uses identified hazards as network nodes and the correlation between hazards as the edges of the network. Based on the identified hazard data, the evolution network of reclamation risk in tailings ponds (ENRRTP) is constructed. By analyzing the statistical characteristics of ENRRTP, it can be found that ENRRTP has small world and scale-free characteristics. The above characteristics show that the reclamation risk of tailings ponds is coupled with multiple factors and the disaster path is short. Giving priority to those hub hazards that have a dominant impact on the reclamation risk can significantly reduce the reclamation risk of the tailings pond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Impact of simulation fidelity on identifying swing-over hazards in virtual environments for novice crane operators.
- Author
-
Jiang, Tanghan, Fang, Yihai, Goh, Jiantsen, and Hu, Songbo
- Subjects
- *
HAZARDS , *CRANES (Machinery) , *COST effectiveness , *CALIBRATION , *SPEED - Abstract
Crane-related accidents often occur due to failure in timely and accurate hazard identification. Virtual Reality (VR) technology facilitates immersive environments for improving hazard identification without real-world consequences. However, the impact of simulation fidelity on hazard identification performance, particularly for novice crane operators, remains underexplored. This paper examines how simulation fidelity and task complexity affect hazard identification performance among novice operators through a VR experiment with two fidelity and two complexity levels. Findings demonstrate high-fidelity (HF) scenarios significantly improve hazard identification success rate and speed for swing-over hazards but extend task completion times. Task complexity modulates simulation fidelity's impact on task completion, with significant differences between fidelity levels observed only under low complexity. These insights inform the design and calibration of simulation fidelity in VR platforms, potentially improving training efficacy and crane lifting safety for novice operators. • Explores the impact of simulation fidelity on novice crane operators' hazard identification. • Finds that high-fidelity boosts success rate but reduces speed in hazard identification. • Highlights accuracy-speed trade-off due to simulation fidelity changes. • Emphasises interaction fidelity for immersive, real-world-like experiences. • Guides on balancing simulation fidelity and cost-effectiveness in VR safety training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Comparing capability of scenario hazard identification methods by the PIC (Plant-People-Procedure Interaction Contribution) network metric.
- Author
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Seligmann, Benjamin J., Zhao, Jiayi, Marmara, Sophia G., Corbett, Tayla C., Small, Michael, Hassall, Maureen, and Boadle, Jesse T.
- Subjects
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INDUSTRIAL safety , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *WORK-related injuries , *RISK assessment , *WORK environment - Abstract
Highlights • A network theoretic metric for comparing HAZID methods was presented. • The metric counts socio-technical interactions in accident scenarios. • The metric is called the P3 Interaction Contribution (PIC). • The PIC results showed clear differences in HAZID results. • Future experiments to validate the PIC were presented. Abstract Comparing the results of hazard identification (HAZID) methods is a complex task, but the question that drives this activity is vitally important: which HAZID method should be used to best identify an accident scenario? Despite many efforts to address this, effective metrics do not yet readily exist for clearly comparing HAZID results for a particular scenario. The complexity of socio-technical systems is often cited as a key factor that limits effective scenario identification, calling into question traditional HAZID efforts. Motivated by the observation that interactions between multiple component types, such as People, Plant and Procedures (P3), often significantly contribute to major process system accidents, being an expression of the complexity of the system, a novel, precise, network topology-based metric for calculating the contribution of P3 Interactions to accident scenarios is presented. This metric, called the P3 Interaction Contribution (PIC), is intended to be used for comparing the HAZID results. An illustrative example of using the PIC for HAZID comparison is included, whereby Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Blended Hazard Identification methodology (BLHAZID) and Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) were each applied to a heat exchanger start-up operation. The results show initial promise that the PIC can be effective as a HAZID comparison tool. The main outputs of this paper are the presentation of the PIC calculation process and the method for applying the PIC to HAZID results. The paper concludes with recommendations for further experimental work to explore the validation and assess the true value of the PIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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