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2. Field Efficacies and Joint Actions of Beta-cyfluthrin Mixed With Thiamethoxam or Tolfenpyrad Against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae).
- Author
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Tang T, Zhao M, Wang P, Xiao Y, Huang S, and Fu W
- Subjects
- Animals, Nitriles, Pyrazoles, Thiamethoxam, Citrus, Hemiptera, Pyrethrins
- Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is the most serious pest of citrus because it is a vector for the highly destructive citrus greening disease (huanglongbing, HLB). Currently, insecticide applications are being used widely to control psyllid populations, thereby suppressing the spread of HLB. In the present study, topical application bioassays were performed to detect the joint actions of beta-cyfluthrin and thiamethoxam or tolfenpyrad against D. citri adults in the laboratory. In 2019, a field plot experiment was conducted to evaluate the control efficacies of beta-cyfluthrin+thiamethoxam 22% capsule suspension and beta-cyfluthrin+tolfenpyrad 30% microemulsion against D. citri using foliar sprays. For the former, a 9:13 mass ratio had the highest synergistic effect, with a cotoxicity coefficient of 188.64. For the latter, a 5:25 mass ratio had the highest synergistic effect, with a cotoxicity coefficient of 153.94. A one-time foliar spray of the former at 30-40 mg/kg or of the latter at 40-60 mg/kg effectively controlled D. citri, with control efficacies varying from 80.1 to 99.4% or 80.4 to 100.0%, during the 3-30 d after treatment, respectively. Moreover, field observations indicated that these foliar sprays at the tested rates had no negative effects on citrus trees. Thus, foliar sprays of beta-cyfluthrin+thiamethoxam or beta-cyfluthrin+tolfenpyrad under the given conditions may control D. citri., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
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3. Effects of elevated CO2 on feeding responses of biological control agents of Pontederia crassipes.
- Author
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Paper, M. K., Righetti, T., Raubenheimer, S. L., Coetzee, J. A., Sosa, A. J., and Hill, M. P.
- Subjects
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BIOLOGICAL weed control , *WATER hyacinth , *AQUATIC weeds , *ORTHOPTERA , *BIOLOGICAL pest control agents , *PHOTOSYNTHETIC rates , *PLANT-water relationships - Abstract
Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) and rising temperatures will have far‐reaching effects on global plant‐insect interactions, yet their implications for future biological control programs are not fully understood. Studies have shown that elevated CO2 will affect insect feeding guilds differently and these responses can be predicted with some confidence. Water hyacinth, Pontederia crassipes Mart. (Pontederiaceae), is a native and representative species of the Del Plata wetlands (Argentina) that invades outside of its native environment. It is considered one of the world's worst aquatic weeds and a target for biological control. In this study, water hyacinth plants were grown under two CO2 concentrations – current (400 p.p.m.) or elevated (800 p.p.m.) –, with and without two biocontrol agents representing different feeding guilds, the leaf‐chewing Cornops aquaticum Brüner (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and the phloem‐feeding Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Under eCO2 concentration, photosynthetic rate, total dry weight, and relative growth rate of P. crassipes acclimated to eCO2 conditions and plants showed very little CO2 fertilization response in eutrophic water. Insect herbivory varied depending on feeding guilds at eCO2; however, P. crassipes growth responses increased when exposed to insect herbivory. Chewing herbivory by C. aquaticum was consistent across CO2 conditions, whereas the feeding by M. scutellaris increased substantially at eCO2. These results indicate that successful biological control of P. crassipes under conditions of elevated CO2 might rely on phloem‐feeding insects, with chewers playing a lesser role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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4. Effects of elevated CO2 on the water hyacinth-biocontrol agent Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and its yeast-like symbiotes.
- Author
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Righetti, Tomás, de la Fuente, Daniela, Paper, Matthew K., Brentassi, María E., Hill, Martin P., Coetzee, Julie A., Salinas, Nicolás A., Bruzzone, Octavio A., and Sosa, Alejandro J.
- Subjects
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ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide , *CHEMICAL composition of plants , *HEMIPTERA , *WATER hyacinth , *BIOLOGICAL pest control agents , *INVASIVE plants - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Some invasive plant species, like Pontederia crassipes , could be possibly affected by climate change. • Megamelus scutellaris is one of the most commonly used biocontrol agents for P. crassipes. • As other planthoppers, M. scutellaris is expected to host obligate mutualistic organisms, known as Yeast-like symbiotes (YLS). • YLS are first reported in M. scutellaris species and their numbers are positively correlated with their host's weight. • YLS numbers increased under elevated CO 2 , in heavier females. Water hyacinth, Pontederia crassipes , is a highly invasive plant native to South America and one of the most invasive aquatic plants in the world. For its control, the planthopper Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a phloem feeder also native to South America has been introduced to the USA and South Africa. Considering predicted climate change scenarios, understanding their impacts on biological control agents is crucial. An intriguing yet scarcely explored subject, is the effect of climatic changes on the obligate endosymbionts associated with sap-sucking feeders. Planthoppers establish an obligate relationship with yeast-like symbiotes (YLS), unicellular fungal microorganisms that play an important role in their development, providing missing nutrients in their diet. Considering that increased atmospheric CO 2 affects plant chemical composition, this might have a direct impact on their insect host and on their number of YLS. We evaluated the effect of two different CO 2 environments: current (cCO 2 − 400 ppm) and elevated (eCO 2 − 800 ppm) on the abundance of YLS (number of YLS cells/insect) of M. scutellaris , as well as the, age structure, sex, and weight of insects. Heavier females harbored more YLS under eCO 2 which underscores the importance of the interaction of CO 2 levels and insects' weight in shaping the abundance of YLS. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the total abundance of insects for instars III to V and adults under eCO 2 conditions. However, male number significantly exceeded that of females under both CO 2 conditions. Our results suggest a potential positive impact of eCO 2 on M. scutellaris populations, which could, in turn, enhance the control of P. crassipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Occurrence data for the two cryptic species of Cacopsylla pruni (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)
- Author
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Nicolas Sauvion, Jean Peccoud, Christine Meynard, David Ouvrard, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), This data paper was conceived within the stimulating framework of the KIM RIVE (Key Initiative Montpellier: Infectious Risks and Vectors, https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/key-initiatives-muse/rive), supported by MUSE (Montpellier University of Excellence, https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/en/muse-i-site) and the RIVOC key challenge (https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/2021/04/19/appel-a-projets-rivoc), supported by the Occitanie Region (France). Part of this work benefitted from a postdoctoral grant to NS funded by an INRA-CIRAD SDIPS grant (Speciation and Molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species Complexes).. Field and molecular work for this study were supported by several projects during 15 years:- ECOGER 'Ecologie et adaptation des insectes phytophages en gestion de leurs populations' founded by 'Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation', France, SEE-ERANET, network 'Phytoplasma epidemiology', funded by the 6th EUFramework Programme for Research and Development (ERA-CT-2004-515805), SPEED@ID 'Accurate SPEciEs Delimitation and IDentification of Eukaryotic biodiversity using DNA markers'. A project proposed by F-BoL, the French Barcode of Life initative - Genoscope Evry-France, PRIMA PHACIE 'Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: A comparative approach with case studies', founded by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), grant agreement CFP⁄EFSA⁄PLH, Bilateral project PIA BOSPHORUS between TUBITAK-Turkey and le Ministère des Affaires étrangères-France 'Role of the vectors (psyllids) in the dissemination of the diseases due to phytoplasma on fruit trees', PHYLOPSYL from the project 'Bibliothèque du vivant' (BdV) funded by three French institutions (the CNRS, INRA and MNHN), E-SPACE project number 1504-004, Improving epidemiosurveillance of Mediterranean and tropical plant diseases, French Agropolis Foundation., European Project, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), INRA-CIRAD SDIPS grant (Speciation and molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species complexes)2005-07: ECOGER 'Ecologie et adaptation des insectes phytophages en gestion de leurs populations' founded by le Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation-France, 2007-08: SEE-ERA.NET, network 'Phytoplasma epidemiology', funded by the 6th EU Frame-work Programme for Research and Development (contract number ERACT- 2004-515805)2009-11: SDIPS 'Mechanisms of Speciation & Molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species complexes' founded by INRA-France, 2010-12: SPEED@ID 'Accurate SPEciEs Delimitation and IDentification of Eukaryotic biodiversity using DNA markers'. A project proposed by F-BoL, the French Barcode of Life initative - Genoscope Evry-France, 2010-12: PRIMA PHACIE 'Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: A comparative approach with case studies', founded by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), grant agreement CFP⁄EFSA⁄PLH⁄2009⁄01, 2010-12: Bilateral project PIA BOSPHORUS between TUBITAK-Turkey and le Ministère des Affaires étrangères-France 'Role of the vectors (psyllids) in the dissemination of the diseases due to phytoplasma on fruit trees', 2011-13: PHYLOPSYL from the project 'Bibliothèque du vivant' (BdV) funded by three French institutions (the CNRS, INRA and MNHN), and 2015-2018: E-SPACE project number 1504-004, Improving epidemiosurveillance of Mediterranean and tropical plant diseases, French Agropolis Foundation.
- Subjects
Asia ,Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Cacopsylla pruni ,QH301-705.5 ,Biodiversity & Conservation ,Cacopsylla ,Evolutionary biology ,Horticulture ,European stone fruit yellows ,vector-borne plant pathogen ,Hemiptera ,Data analysis & Modelling ,Sternorrhyncha ,Systematics ,Agricultural ecology ,Ecology & Environmental sciences ,Animalia ,phytoplasma ,Biology (General) ,'Candidatus phytoplasma prunorum' ,Data Paper (Biosciences) ,Diseases & Pests ,Biota ,Psylloidea ,psyllid ,Europe ,' Candidatus phytoplasma prunorum' ,[SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology ,Psyllidae ,Biogeography ,Zoology & Animal Biology ,Africa ,species distribution ,epidemiology ,vecto ,Americas ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology - Abstract
Cacopsylla pruniisa psyllid that has been known since 1998 as the vector of the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’, responsible for the European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a disease that affects species of Prunus. This disease is one of the major limiting factors for the production of stone fruits, most notably apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and Japanese plum (P. salicina), in all EU stone fruit-growing areas. The psyllid vector is widespread in the Western Palearctic, and evidence for the presence of the phytoplasma that it transmits to species of Prunus has been found in 15 of the 27 EU countries. Recent studies showed that C. pruni is actually composed of two cryptic species, which can be differentiated bymolecular markers. A literature review on the distribution of C. pruni was published in 2012, but it only provided presence or absence information at the country level and without distinction between the two cryptic species. Since 2012, numerous new records of the vector in several European countries have been published. We ourselves have acquired a large amountof data from sampling in France and other European countries. We have also carried out a thorough systematic literature review to find additional records, including all the original sources mentioningC. pruni (or its synonyms) since the first description by Scopoli in 1763. Our aim was to create an exhaustive georeferenced occurrence catalog, in particular in countries that are occasionnaly mentioned in the literature with little detail. Finally, for countries that seem suitable for the proliferation of C. pruni (USA, Canada, Japan, China, etc.), we digged deeper into the literature and reliablesources (e.g. checklist)to better subtanciateits current absence from those regions. Information on the distribution ranges of these vector psyllids is of crucial interest in order to best predict the vulnerability of stone fruit producing countries to the ESFY threat in the foreseeable future. We give free access to a unique file of 1975 records of all occurrence data in our possession concerning C. pruni, which we have gathered through more than twenty years of sampling efforts in Europe or through intensive text mining. We have made every effort to retrieve the source information for the records extracted from litterature (1201 records). Thus, we always give the title of the original reference, together with the page(s) citing C. pruni and, if possible, the year of sampling. To makethe results of this survey publicly available, we give a URL to access the literature sources. In most cases, this link allows to freely download a PDFfile. We also give access to information extracted from GBIF (162 exploitable data points on 245 occurrences found in the database), which we thoroughly checked and often supplemented to make the information more easily exploitable. We give access to our own unpublished georeferenced and genotyped record from 612samples taken over the last 20 years in several European countries (Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, etc.). Theseinclude two countries (Portugal and North Macedonia) for which the presence of C. pruni had notbeen reported before.Asour specimens have been genotyped (74 sites with species A solely, 202 with species B solely, and 310 with species A+B), our new data enable a better view of the geographical distribution of the two species at the Palaearctic scale.
- Published
- 2021
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