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Global electricity demand is increasing with the rising population and rapid urbanization. Building Integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system is a new method of renewable energy generation where solar photovoltaic (PV) modules are integrated into the building surfaces such as façade, shades, windows, roofs, and tiles. BIPV systems reduce the urban energy demand. Utilization of vertical surfaces makes the BIPV system a preferable choice where land scarcity affects the implementation of large PV systems. The economic viability depends on the maximum power generated by the BIPV array. In urban environments, the BIPV arrays experience severe partial shading conditions (PSCs). The PSCs cause mismatch losses, reducing the global maximum power of the BIPV array and efficiency. Fixed array configurations such as series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), triple-tied (TT), and quarter-tied (QT) are designed to solve this issue. The cross ties across the rows of the BIPV array improve the performance at the expense of more wiring. Researchers proposed various optimal array configurations with different shading patterns. This research attempts to generalize the design of the BIPV array configurations by considering the trade-off between wiring requirements and shading losses. The performance of SP, TT, QT, and TCT configurations under four different shading conditions is simulated with the proposed BIPV array design algorithm. A 9 × 8 BIPV array of 3.6 kW is considered. QT configuration reduces the wiring requirement by 10.45% compared to TCT and improves up to 8.43% maximum power than SP. The fill factor is improved to 48.49%, and the mismatch loss is limited to 34.10%. Therefore, QT and TCT are considered favorable configurations for BIPV array design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partial shading is a significant limitation that decreases the maximum power output of large photovoltaic (PV), and building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) arrays installed in modern buildings. One of the optimum solutions to mitigate the difficulty related to partial shading is applying different interconnected fixed BIPV array configurations. This research article aims to modelling, simulation, and performance analysis of a novel conventional 7 × 8 Quarter-Tied (QrTd) fixed BIPV array configuration under the centre, left staircase, frame, left corner, diagonal, and left side shading pattern cases in Matlab/Simulink. Moreover, a comprehensive study with existing conventional fixed BIPV array configurations such as Series-Parallel (SePl), Bridge-Linked (BdLk), Honey-Combed (HnCb), Triple-Tied (TrTd), Total-Cross-Tied (TtCrTd) array interconnections is also executed. The variable parameters for performance evaluation include global maximum power point (GlMxPoPt), mismatch losses (MmLs), fill factor (FiFa), efficiency (Effy), relative power loss (RlPwLs) and relative power gained (RlPwGn). Experimental validation under two partial shading cases is also reported for the justification of simulation results. The simulation results infer that the proposed QrTd configuration improves GlMxPoPt by 4.31%, reduces MmLs by 3.54%, and improves FiFa & Effy by 2.44% and 0.34%, respectively, under six different shading cases. The experimental results conclude that the proposed QrTd configuration improves GlMxPoPt by 1.62%, reduces MmLs by 1.15%, and improves FiFa & Effy by 0.65% and 0.14%, respectively, under two shading cases. Moreover, the wiring requirement and the wiring losses are also lower in the proposed QrTd configuration than in the TtCrTd configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes grid synchronisation with PV through a sliding-mode controller. P&O MPPT technology increases the output capacity of solar panels by monitoring their maximum power point through disturbance and observation. To enhance energy conversion efficiency while dealing with the nonlinear dynamics of power converters, we must apply a nonlinear control approach. The purpose of this study is to develop novel first-order sliding mode control algorithms for solar energy conversion that are both dependable and efficient. A sliding mode control for nonlinear loads is being used to solve first-order buck-boost converter and THD difficulties. Furthermore, the power quality of the system was enhanced. The output of the DC–DC converter is connected to a VSI-based space-vector pulse-width-modulated inverter that generates three-phase alternating current by using space vector pulse-width modulation. The endurance and performance of the solar energy conversion system were tested using a MATLAB computer simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the simulation of solar panel-based multiple output inverter including leakage inductance. The solar panel is used as the energy source and it is connected to a flyback converter to boost the voltage. The voltage output of the photovoltaic panel is boosted to 181.6 V from 16.5 V DC using an interleaved fly-back converter. Half-bridge multiple output inverter is used to produce alternating current in multiple coils. Using this circuit topology multiple loads can be heated simultaneously. All three coils are connected in parallel. If one coil is damaged then other coils will be able to provide the desired output. A wide range of output is studied in terms of current gain. In this proposed circuit two IGBTs have been used as semiconductor switches. Two freewheeling diodes are connected parallel to the IGBTs to provide the discharging path of the energized coils. Current variation through the coil is possible by varying the duty cycle. A simple asymmetrical duty cycle control strategy is used to vary the duty cycle. The available range of current is 2.18–2.43 A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic (SPV) based renewable resource-linked grid system has been replacing the traditional power generation system due to significant advantages. However, high fluctuation of DC voltage might damage the grid system and produce power quality problems in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) and voltage fluctuation. In this article, a novel function roach infestation optimization (FRIO) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme is proposed for tracking the utmost PV power. Furthermore, a novel generalized evolving fuzzy reasoning-based intelligence control (GEFRIC) method is proposed in multilevel inverter (MLI) to mitigate the harmonic constraints in the grid system. The performance analysis of the proposed method has been validated in MATLAB/Simulink under different cases. Moreover, the outcome of the proposed scheme was compared with other conventional methods and has attained better results by achieving less THD and optimal solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems are gaining major attention in modern cities due to the absence of free space to install ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) plants. A large interconnected BIPV array (liBA) is essential for standalone and grid-connected BIPV systems. The major problem with liBA is the partial shading (PS) phenomenon that increases the mismatch losses (MmLs) and reduces the maximum power (MP) output. Modelling, simulation, and performance analysis of a novel 7 × 5 and 7 × 8 hybrid triple-tied total-cross-tied (TrTd-TtCrTd) fixed BIPV array for increasing MP with reduced MmLs under extreme PS conditions are the main goals of this research paper. In addition, existing hybrid arrays such as series-parallel total-cross-tied (SePl-TtCrTd), bridge-linked total-cross-tied (BdLk-TtCrTd), and honey-combed total-cross-tied (HnCb-TtCrTd), as well as conventional triple-tied (TrTd) and total-cross-tied (TtCrTd), are compared. The simulation results are also validated experimentally using two PS situations. Finally, the global maximum power point (GlMxPoPt), MmLs, fill factor (FiFa), and efficiency (Effy) are used to evaluate the performance. Under six different extreme PS scenarios, the simulation results show that the proposed 7 × 5 hybrid TrTd-TtCrTd array increases GlMxPoPt by 4.84 %, decreases MmLs by 3.46 %, and increases FiFa and Effy by 2.20 % and 0.34 %, respectively. Under two severe PS scenarios, simulation results show that the proposed 7 × 8 large size hybrid TrTd-TtCrTd array increases GlMxPoPt by 3.43 %, decreases MmLs by 2.29 %, and increases FiFa and Effy by 1.26 % and 0.23 %, respectively. Under two extreme PS scenarios, experimental results indicate that the proposed 7 × 8 hybrid TrTd-TtCrTd solar array increases GlMxPoPt by 2.84 %, decreases MmLs by 2.12 %, and increases FiFa and Effy by 1.82 % and 0.22 %, respectively. The proposed hybrid TrTd-TtCrTd array improves GlMxPoPt, reduces MmLs and improves FiFa and Effy with low wiring requirements under different PS cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new grid integration control scheme that employs spider monkey optimization technique for maximum power point tracking and Lattice Levenberg Marquardt Recursive estimation with a hysteresis current controller for controlling voltage source inverter. This control scheme is applied to a PV system integrated to a three phase grid to achieve effective grid synchronization. To verify the efficacy of the proposed control scheme, simulations were performed. From the simulation results it is observed that the proposed controller provides excellent control performance such as reducing THD of the grid current to 1.75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]