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Purpose: It is unclear if septal deviation at the insertion points to the nasal cavity is associated with the overall septal deviation. This study aimed to assess septal deviation at the cribriform plate (CP) and maxillary crest (MC) using CT scans and to see if there was any correlation with overall septal deviation., Methods: All consecutive CT sinus scans between January 2020 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were excluded if they had a history of head, nasal or facial trauma, or any previous nasal surgical procedure. Angles between the septum and MC and the septum and CP as well as maximal angle of septal deviation (MSD) were measured., Results: A total of 70 scans were included in the final analysis. The mean MSD was 8.14°. The mean septal deviation was 0.89° at the CP and 2.02° at the MC. The correlation coefficient between the deviation at the CP and MSD was 0.025 and between the deviation at the MC and MSD was 0.321., Conclusion: Our data reveal a positive correlation between septal deviation at the floor of the nose and overall septal deviation; this was not observed at the septal deviation at the roof. This could be explained due to the inherent tilt in the cribriform plate or by earlier ossification and fixation of the septum during its development at its insertion to the roof, thereby allowing further growth and potential for deviation of the lower part of the septum and its insertion to the floor., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.)

The nasal columella is often described as being one of the most difficult nasal subunits to reconstruct. There are a wide range of indications for columella reconstruction, with defects resulting from ischaemic injuries, trauma, tumour resection, vascular malformations and congenital agenesis/dysgenesis of nasal anatomy. There is a variety of columella reconstruction techniques reported in the literature, giving reconstructive surgeons options when approaching different columella defects. Each technique has surgical pearls and pitfalls as well as advantages and disadvantages. This review aims to give reconstructive surgeons a comprehensive review of currently used columella reconstruction techniques., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There are no conflicts of interest to declare. For this review study, no patient consent was required. Permission for reproduction was obtained for each figure., (Crown Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The nasal septum is composed of cartilaginous and bony components and an understanding of each component volume is essential in both functional and cosmetic surgery., Objectives: We sought to radiographically measure septal dimensions on cross sectional computer tomography (CT) images, establishing average parameters for normal anatomy among a single, Caucasian population group., Methods: One hundred and fifty consecutive sinus CT scan images were examined and 100 cases with appropriate sagittal views were included in the study. On each septum, the sagittal CT images were assessed and 14 points were identified and 23 lengths measured and tabulated. Trigonometric formulae were used to accurately calculate surface areas of 11 resulting triangles which constituted the components of the nasal septum., Results: Measurements from 100 patients were included, with a mean age of 50.2 years, constituting 47 males and 53 females. Our surface area mapping established the following areas for both males and females respectively (mm2): quadrangular cartilage 1148 and 981; vomer 894 and 741; perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone 1244 and 1006; and total surface area 3287 and 2728. Our only statistically significant comparison in the series was found in the female series when age and reducing quadrilateral cartilage size were compared, highlighting reducing size with age (P = 0.04)., Conclusions: The study presents the largest published data series representing nasal septal measurements on CT images in a living Caucasian population. Our data demonstrates that septal size remains constant after adolescence, throughout our age-varied series (18-79 years), except in the female population where the quadrilateral cartilage reduces in size with age.