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2. The Science of Adult Literacy. Social Protection & Jobs. Discussion Paper No. 2001
- Author
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World Bank, Thomas, Michael S. C., Knowland, Victoria C. P., and Rogers, Cathy
- Abstract
This report considers the science of adult literacy acquisition, with the goal of identifying principles that may improve the effectiveness of adult literacy programs. We define literacy as a continuum, from emerging literacy, through improving literacy, to fluent literacy and we outline the factors that influence how far along that continuum an adult learner is likely to proceed. Four nested levels are identified at which obstacles to literacy progress operate, but to which adult learners may also bring strengths. We consider the evidence base for each of these levels: (1) "The Brain," where the basic neuroscience of how learning changes over the lifespan gives us clues about processes that restrict adult learning, and hints about how teaching can be optimized for the adult brain; (2) "The Person," where the roles of motivation, resilience and engagement can have a profound impact on outcomes; (3) "The Learning Environment," where teaching approach, course structure, fellow learners and technology can all affect progress; and (4) "The Cultural Context," where integrating expectations and local needs into literacy programs can allow learners to access materials in the most acceptable and appropriate ways. Principles derived from this evidence base are integrated and contextualized in an analysis of six case studies from the field. We indicate areas where further research is required (e.g., determining the degree of practice adults require to achieve fluency); and identify metrics that future literacy programs should collect in order to build an evidence base of properties that improve effectiveness. The evidence summarized in this report suggests that there is scope to improve outcomes in adult literacy programs around the world, and to realize more of the social and economic benefits that such gains provide. [This paper was commissioned for the World Bank activity on Innovations in Adult Literacy.]
- Published
- 2020
3. EBRAINS Live Papers - Interactive Resource Sheets for Computational Studies in Neuroscience.
- Author
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Appukuttan S, Bologna LL, Schürmann F, Migliore M, and Davison AP
- Subjects
- Computational Biology methods, Information Storage and Retrieval, Ecosystem, Neurosciences methods
- Abstract
We present here an online platform for sharing resources underlying publications in neuroscience. It enables authors to easily upload and distribute digital resources, such as data, code, and notebooks, in a structured and systematic way. Interactivity is a prominent feature of the Live Papers, with features to download, visualise or simulate data, models and results presented in the corresponding publications. The resources are hosted on reliable data storage servers to ensure long term availability and easy accessibility. All data are managed via the EBRAINS Knowledge Graph, thereby helping maintain data provenance, and enabling tight integration with tools and services offered under the EBRAINS ecosystem., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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4. Whistleblower finds possible misconduct in his own papers.
- Author
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Piller C
- Subjects
- Humans, Mentors, Alzheimer Disease, Scientific Misconduct, Whistleblowing, Neurosciences ethics
- Abstract
Matthew Schrag confronts a mentor after their joint work is flagged on the PubPeer website.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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5. Call for Papers: Brain Connectivity: A Journal of Clinical Neurology, Neuroscience, & Neuroimaging .
- Author
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Edison P
- Subjects
- Brain diagnostic imaging, Humans, Neuroimaging, Neurology, Neurosciences
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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6. An analysis of neuroscience and psychiatry papers published from 2009 and 2019 outlines opportunities for increasing discovery of sex differences.
- Author
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Rechlin RK, Splinter TFL, Hodges TE, Albert AY, and Galea LAM
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- Female, Humans, Male, Publications, Sex Characteristics, Neurosciences, Psychiatry
- Abstract
Sex differences exist in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, but these have not always been addressed adequately in research. In order to address this, it is necessary to consider how sex is incorporated into the design (e.g. using a balanced design) and into the analyses (e.g. using sex as a covariate) in the published literature. We surveyed papers published in 2009 and 2019 across six journals in neuroscience and psychiatry. In this sample, we find a 30% increase in the percentage of papers reporting studies that included both sexes in 2019 compared with 2009. Despite this increase, in 2019 only 19% of papers in the sample reported using an optimal design for discovery of possible sex differences, and only 5% of the papers reported studies that analysed sex as a discovery variable. We conclude that progress to date has not been sufficient to address the importance of sex differences in research for discovery and therapeutic potential for neurological and psychiatric disease., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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7. Editors' Introduction: Best Papers from the 18th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling.
- Author
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Stewart TC and Myers CW
- Subjects
- Humans, Cognition, Learning, Neurosciences
- Abstract
The International Conference on Cognitive Modeling brings together researchers from around the world whose main goal is to build computational systems that reflect the internal processes of the mind. In this issue, we present the four best representative papers on this work from our 18th meeting, ICCM 2020, which was also the first meeting to be held virtually. Two of these papers develop novel techniques for building larger and more complex models using Reinforcement Learning and Learning By Instruction, respectively. The other two show how cognitive models connect to neuroscience, drawing on details of the hippocampus and cerebellum to constrain and explain the cognitive processes involved in memory and conditioning., (© 2021 Cognitive Science Society LLC.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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8. Engaging with Contemporary Challenges through Science Education Research: Selected Papers from the ESERA 2019 Conference. Contributions from Science Education Research. Volume 9
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Levrini, Olivia, Tasquier, Giulia, Amin, Tamer G., Branchetti, Laura, Levin, Mariana, Levrini, Olivia, Tasquier, Giulia, Amin, Tamer G., Branchetti, Laura, and Levin, Mariana
- Abstract
This book starts with the premise that beauty can be an engine of transformation and authentic engagement in an increasingly complex world. It presents an organized picture of highlights from the 13th European Science Education Research Association Conference, ESERA 2019, held in Bologna, Italy. The collection includes contributions that discuss contemporary issues such as climate change, multiculturalism, and the flourishing of new interdisciplinary areas of investigation, including the application of cognitive neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and digital humanities to science education research. It also highlights learners' difficulties engaging with socio-scientific issues in a digital and post-truth era. The volume demonstrates that deepening our understanding is the preferred way to address these challenges and that science education has a key role to play in this effort. In particular, the book advances the argument that the deep and novel character of these challenges requires a collective search for new narratives and languages, an expanding knowledge base and new theoretical perspectives and methods of research. The book provides a contemporary picture of science education research and looks to the theoretical and practical societal challenges of the future.
- Published
- 2021
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9. Research on bipolar disorder from India: A bibliometric analysis of papers published during 2000-19.
- Author
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Grover S, Gupta BM, and Dhawan SM
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- Bibliometrics, Humans, India, Publications, Biomedical Research, Bipolar Disorder, Neurosciences
- Abstract
The paper examines 1037 publications on bipolar disorder (BD) during the years 2000-19 from India, as listed in the Scopus database. India's publications constituted 2.27 % share of global output (45,624 publications) in the study period of 20 years. India does not figure in the top 10 countries in terms of research output on BD. The number of publications on BD from India increased from 13 in 2000 to 107 in 2019, registering 14.44 % annual average growth, higher than world's growth of 6.02 %. India's 10-year cumulative publications increased from 264 during 2000-09 to 773 during 2010-19, registering 192.8 % absolute growth, much higher than world cumulative growth of 63.27 %. India's publications on BD averaged citation impact per paper of 14.24, which decreased from 25.38 to 10.43 from 2000-09 to 2010-19. Maximum numbers of papers from India on BD were published by researchers from National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore (222 papers),Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh(118 papers), and AII India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (79 papers). Lady Harding Medical College, New Delhi (36.20 and 2.54), Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai (27.45 and 1.93), and King George's Medical University, Lucknow (25.21 and 1.77) were the most significant organizations in terms of citation per paper and relative citation index. Maximum number of papers were published in Indian Journal of Psychiatry (101 papers), followed by Asian Journal of Psychiatry (88 papers) and Indian Journal of Psychology Medicine (34 papers)., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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10. The Anatomical Record Feasts on Spain's Rich History of Neuroscience in Our Latest Thematic Papers Issue.
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Laitman JT and Albertine KH
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- History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Spain, Neurosciences history
- Published
- 2020
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11. Priorities for research on neuromodulatory subcortical systems in Alzheimer's disease: Position paper from the NSS PIA of ISTAART
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Ehrenberg, Alexander J, Kelberman, Michael A, Liu, Kathy Y, Dahl, Martin J, Weinshenker, David, Falgàs, Neus, Dutt, Shubir, Mather, Mara, Ludwig, Mareike, Betts, Matthew J, Winer, Joseph R, Teipel, Stefan, Weigand, Alexandra J, Eschenko, Oxana, Hämmerer, Dorothea, Leiman, Marina, Counts, Scott E, Shine, James M, Robertson, Ian H, Levey, Allan I, Lancini, Elisa, Son, Gowoon, Schneider, Christoph, Van Egroo, Maxime, Liguori, Claudio, Wang, Qin, Vazey, Elena M, Rodriguez‐Porcel, Federico, Haag, Lena, Bondi, Mark W, Vanneste, Sven, Freeze, Whitney M, Yi, Yeo‐Jin, Maldinov, Mihovil, Gatchel, Jennifer, Satpati, Abhijit, Babiloni, Claudio, Kremen, William S, Howard, Robert, Jacobs, Heidi IL, and Grinberg, Lea T
- Subjects
Neurosciences ,Dementia ,Acquired Cognitive Impairment ,Alzheimer's Disease ,Aging ,Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) ,Neurodegenerative ,Brain Disorders ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Neurological ,Humans ,Alzheimer Disease ,Brain ,Biomarkers ,Disease Progression ,Clinical Sciences ,Geriatrics - Abstract
The neuromodulatory subcortical system (NSS) nuclei are critical hubs for survival, hedonic tone, and homeostasis. Tau-associated NSS degeneration occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, long before the emergence of pathognomonic memory dysfunction and cortical lesions. Accumulating evidence supports the role of NSS dysfunction and degeneration in the behavioral and neuropsychiatric manifestations featured early in AD. Experimental studies even suggest that AD-associated NSS degeneration drives brain neuroinflammatory status and contributes to disease progression, including the exacerbation of cortical lesions. Given the important pathophysiologic and etiologic roles that involve the NSS in early AD stages, there is an urgent need to expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying NSS vulnerability and more precisely detail the clinical progression of NSS changes in AD. Here, the NSS Professional Interest Area of the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment highlights knowledge gaps about NSS within AD and provides recommendations for priorities specific to clinical research, biomarker development, modeling, and intervention. HIGHLIGHTS: Neuromodulatory nuclei degenerate in early Alzheimer's disease pathological stages. Alzheimer's pathophysiology is exacerbated by neuromodulatory nuclei degeneration. Neuromodulatory nuclei degeneration drives neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Biomarkers of neuromodulatory integrity would be value-creating for dementia care. Neuromodulatory nuclei present strategic prospects for disease-modifying therapies.
- Published
- 2023
12. The History of Spanish Neuroscience: Thematic Papers Issue.
- Author
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De Carlos JA
- Subjects
- Animals, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Spain, Neurosciences history
- Abstract
To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the Instituto Cajal, we bring this thematic issue to honor Spanish neuroscience. The issue includes several papers written by scientists, most of them being direct descendants of those who lived on the front lines of the dawn of Spanish neuroscience. These pages reflect a summary of the main achievements of this unique group of neuroscientists, all of them belonging to the Cajal School. Finally, this school of scientists became the forerunner of the modern worldwide neuroscience. Anat Rec, 303:1179-1180, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy., (© 2020 American Association for Anatomy.)
- Published
- 2020
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13. Integrating Clinical Psychiatry With Behavioral Neuroscience: Reflections and a Call for Papers.
- Author
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Kalin NH
- Subjects
- Editorial Policies, Humans, Periodicals as Topic statistics & numerical data, Neurosciences organization & administration, Psychiatry organization & administration
- Published
- 2019
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14. Building a supportive framework for brain research in Ireland: Inaugural position paper of the Irish Brain Council.
- Author
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Rogers M, Boland B, Clarke S, Craven A, Fassbender C, Gill M, Hardiman O, Henshall DC, Lynch T, Mitchell K, Pender N, Rogan C, and Roche RAP
- Subjects
- Humans, Ireland, Neurosciences, Research
- Published
- 2019
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15. The "Big-Bang" for modern glial biology: Translation and comments on Pío del Río-Hortega 1919 series of papers on microglia.
- Author
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Sierra A, de Castro F, Del Río-Hortega J, Rafael Iglesias-Rozas J, Garrosa M, and Kettenmann H
- Subjects
- Animals, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Microglia physiology, Neurosciences history, Translating
- Abstract
The word "glia" was coined in the mid-19th century and defined as "the nerve glue". For decades, it was assumed to be a uniform matrix, until cell theorists raised the "neuron doctrine" which stipulated that nervous tissue was composed of individual cells. The term "astrocytes" was introduced in the late 19th century as a synonym for glial cells, but it was Santiago Ramón y Cajal who defined a "third element" distinct from glial cells (astrocytes) and neurons. It was not until 1919 when Pío del Río-Hortega, an alumnus of the Cajal School, introduced the modern terms we use today, and thoroughly described both "oligodendrocytes" and "microglia" to clearly distinguish them from astrocytes. In a series of four papers published that year in Spanish, Río-Hortega described the distribution and morphological phenotype of microglia. He also noted that these cells were the origin of the rod cells described earlier in pathologic tissue, and recognized that resting microglia transformed into an ameboid phenotype in different types of brain diseases and pathologies. He also noted the mesodermal origin of these cells and recognized their phagocytic capacity. We here provide the first English translation of these landmark series of papers, which paved the way for modern glial research. To heighten the value and accessibility of these classic papers and their original figures, an introduction to this critical period of neuroscience is provided, along with unpublished photographs. By adding comments to the translated text, we provide sufficient context so that contemporary scientists may fully appreciate it. GLIA 2016;64:1801-1840., (© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2016
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16. Call for Papers for the "Classics in Chemical Neuroscience" Series.
- Author
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Lindsley CW
- Subjects
- Humans, Chemistry, Neurosciences, Periodicals as Topic
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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17. The Neuroscience of Mathematical Cognition and Learning. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 136
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Looi, Chung Yen, Thompson, Jacqueline, and Krause, Beatrix
- Abstract
The synergistic potential of cognitive neuroscience and education for efficient learning has attracted considerable interest from the general public, teachers, parents, academics and policymakers alike. This review is aimed at providing 1) an accessible and general overview of the research progress made in cognitive neuroscience research in understanding mathematical learning and cognition, and 2) understanding whether there is sufficient evidence to suggest that neuroscience can inform mathematics education at this point. We also highlight outstanding questions with implications for education that remain to be explored in cognitive neuroscience. The field of cognitive neuroscience is growing rapidly. The findings that we are describing in this review should be evaluated critically to guide research communities, governments and funding bodies to optimise resources and address questions that will provide practical directions for short- and long-term impact on the education of future generations. The following are appended: (1) Introduction to Basic Brain Anatomy and Regions Involved in Numerical Cognition; and (2) Basic Techniques and Paradigms of Neuroscience and Psychology.
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- 2016
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18. Highest cited papers published in Neurology India: An analysis for the years 1993-2014.
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Pandey P, Subeikshanan V, and Madhugiri VS
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- India, Publications, Neurology trends, Neurosciences trends, Publishing trends
- Abstract
Context: The highest cited papers published in a journal provide a snapshot of the clinical practice and research in that specialty and/or region., Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the highest cited papers published in Neurology India and analyze their attributes., Setting and Design: This study was a citation analysis of all papers published in Neurology India since online archiving commenced in 1993., Methods: All papers published in Neurology India between the years 1993-2014 were listed. The number of times each paper had been cited up till the time of performing this study was determined by performing a Google Scholar search. Published papers were then ranked on the basis of total times cited since publication and the annual citation rate. Statistical Techniques: Simple counts and percentages were used to report most results. The mean citations received by papers in various categories were compared using the Student's t-test or a one-way analysis of variance, as appropriate. All analyses were carried out on SAS University Edition (SAS/STAT®, SAS Institute Inc, NC, USA) and graphs were generated on MS Excel 2016., Results: The top papers on the total citations and annual citation rate rank lists pertained to basic neuroscience research. The highest cited paper overall had received 139 citations. About a quarter of the papers published had never been cited at all. The major themes represented were vascular diseases and infections., Conclusions: The highest cited papers reflect the diseases that are of major concern in India. Certain domains such as trauma, allied neurosciences, and basic neuroscience research were underrepresented.
- Published
- 2016
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19. Getting published: how to write a successful neuroscience paper.
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Schwabe L, López-Bendito G, and Ribeiro C
- Subjects
- Peer Review standards, Neurosciences, Periodicals as Topic
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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20. The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Consensus Paper on the Surgical Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
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Howe, James R, Merchant, Nipun B, Conrad, Claudius, Keutgen, Xavier M, Hallet, Julie, Drebin, Jeffrey A, Minter, Rebecca M, Lairmore, Terry C, Tseng, Jennifer F, Zeh, Herbert J, Libutti, Steven K, Singh, Gagandeep, Lee, Jeffrey E, Hope, Thomas A, Kim, Michelle K, Menda, Yusuf, Halfdanarson, Thorvardur R, Chan, Jennifer A, and Pommier, Rodney F
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Humans ,Neuroendocrine Tumors ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Societies ,Medical ,North America ,Consensus Development Conferences as Topic ,Review Literature as Topic ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Surgeons ,Rare Diseases ,Cancer ,Neurosciences ,Pancreatic Cancer ,Digestive Diseases ,pancreas ,neuroendocrine ,pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor ,metastases ,neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases ,pancreatectomy ,Clinical Sciences ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology - Abstract
This manuscript is the result of the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society consensus conference on the surgical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from July 19 to 20, 2018. The group reviewed a series of questions of specific interest to surgeons taking care of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and for each, the available literature was reviewed. What follows are these reviews for each question followed by recommendations of the panel.
- Published
- 2020
21. Against "silent" retractions in neuroscience.
- Author
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Teixeira da Silva JA and Daly T
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- Humans, Scientific Misconduct ethics, Editorial Policies, Neurosciences methods, Neurosciences standards, Retraction of Publication as Topic, Periodicals as Topic standards
- Abstract
When an academic paper is published in a journal that assigns a digital object identifier (DOI) to papers, this is a de facto fait accompli. Corrections or retractions are supposed to follow a specific protocol, especially in journals that claim to follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines. In this paper, we highlight a case of a new, fully open access neuroscience journal that claims to be COPE-compliant, yet has silently retracted two papers since all records, bibliometrics, and PDF files related to their existence have been deleted from the journal's website. Although this phenomenon does not seem to be common in the neurosciences, we consider that any opaque corrective measures in journals whose papers could be cited may negatively impact the wider neuroscience literature and community. Instead, we encourage transparency in retraction to promote truthfulness and trustworthiness., (© 2024 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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22. Firefly Neuroscience's White Paper Unveils BNA(TM) Platform's Significant Impact on Disease Management in 2,253 U.S Patients
- Subjects
United States. Securities and Exchange Commission -- Management ,Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Patient compliance ,Nervous system diseases -- Care and treatment ,Mentally ill -- Care and treatment ,Neurosciences ,Mental illness -- Care and treatment ,Company business management ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business - Abstract
The white paper is titled 'Brain Network Analytics (BNA) in the Psychiatric Practice: Real-Life Data Analysis' The analysis involved a cohort of 2,253 patients receiving treatment at a prominent psychiatric [...]
- Published
- 2024
23. National Institute on Drug Abuse genomics consortium white paper: Coordinating efforts between human and animal addiction studies
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Cates, Hannah M, Benca‐Bachman, Chelsie E, de Guglielmo, Giordano, Schoenrock, Sarah A, Shu, Chang, and Kallupi, Marsida
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Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Genetics ,Substance Misuse ,Human Genome ,Brain Disorders ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Good Health and Well Being ,Animals ,Consensus Development Conferences as Topic ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Genomics ,Humans ,National Institute on Drug Abuse (U.S.) ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Translational Research ,Biomedical ,United States ,addiction models ,big data ,drug ,genetic variants ,GWAS ,opioids ,substance use disorders ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Neurosciences - Abstract
The National Institute on Drug Abuse Genetics and Epigenetics Cross-Cutting Research Team convened a diverse group of researchers, clinicians, and healthcare providers on the campus of the University of California, San Diego, in June 2018. The goal was to develop strategies to integrate genetics and phenotypes across species to achieve a better understanding of substance use disorders through associations between genotypes and addictive behaviors. This conference (a) discussed progress in harmonizing large opioid genetics cohorts, (b) discussed phenotypes that are used for genetics studies in humans, (c) examined phenotypes that are used for genetics studies in animal models, (d) identified synergies and gaps in phenotypic analyses of human and animal models and (e) identified strategies to integrate genetics and genomics data with phenotypes across species. The meeting consisted of panels that focused on phenotype harmonization (Dr. Laura Bierut, Dr. Olivier George, Dr. Dan Larach and Dr. Sesh Mudumbai), translating genetic findings between species (Dr. Elissa Chesler, Dr. Gary Peltz and Dr. Abraham Palmer), interpreting and understanding allelic variations (Dr. Vanessa Troiani and Dr. Tamara Richards) and pathway conservation in animal models and human studies (Dr. Robert Hitzemann, Dr. Huda Akil and Dr. Laura Saba). There were also updates that were provided by large consortia (Dr. Susan Tapert, Dr. Danielle Dick, Dr. Howard Edenberg and Dr. Eric Johnson). Collectively, the conference was convened to discuss progress and changes in genome-wide association studies.
- Published
- 2019
24. Firefly Neuroscience's White Paper Unveils BNA Platform's Significant Impact on Disease Management in 2,253 U.S Patients
- Subjects
Mentally ill ,Neurosciences ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
FAIRFAX: Firefly Neuroscience, Inc. ('Firefly'), a pioneering AI company developing innovative neuroscientific solutions to improve outcomes for patients with mental illnesses and neurological disorders, today announced the findings presented in [...]
- Published
- 2024
25. Landmark Papers in Neurology
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Martin R. Turner, Matthew C. Kiernan, Martin R. Turner, and Matthew C. Kiernan
- Subjects
- Neurosciences, Neurology, Nervous system--Diseases
- Abstract
Current understanding of neurological disease has been evolving over the past 150 years. With the increasing and earlier sub-specialization of neurology trainees, and their variable exposure to higher academic study, there is little opportunity to put this development into a historical context as a whole. Understanding the'evidence-base', or appreciating the lack of it in some cases, is an important part of training but this is rarely presented in a palatable, entertaining form. Part of the Landmark Papers in series, this book brings together the ten most important papers for each sub-speciality within neurology, covering the full range of major neurological conditions. Papers have been selected by leading international experts, who not only summarize what each paper showed, but place them into a wider context that makes a coherent story of how their sub-speciality has developed.
- Published
- 2015
26. Why we publish papers reporting findings we may not believe.
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Della Sala, Sergio and Grafman, Jordan
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SCIENTIFIC literature ,PUBLISHING ,RESEARCH ,NEUROSCIENCES ,NEUROLOGY - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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27. National Association of Medical Examiners position paper: Recommendations for the investigation and certification of deaths in people with epilepsy
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Middleton, Owen, Atherton, Daniel, Bundock, Elizabeth, Donner, Elizabeth, Friedman, Daniel, Hesdorffer, Dale, Jarrell, Heather, McCrillis, Aileen, Mena, Othon J, Morey, Mitchel, Thurman, David, Tian, Niu, Tomson, Torbjörn, Tseng, Zian, White, Steven, Wright, Cyndi, and Devinsky, Orrin
- Subjects
Neurosciences ,Brain Disorders ,Neurodegenerative ,Epilepsy ,Good Health and Well Being ,Coroners and Medical Examiners ,Death Certificates ,Death ,Sudden ,Humans ,United States ,autopsy ,death investigation ,epilepsy ,mortality ,sudden unexpected death in epilepsy ,Clinical Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery - Abstract
Sudden unexpected death of an individual with epilepsy can pose a challenge to death investigators, as most deaths are unwitnessed, and the individual is commonly found dead in bed. Anatomic findings (eg, tongue/lip bite) are commonly absent and of varying specificity, thereby limiting the evidence to implicate epilepsy as a cause of or contributor to death. Thus it is likely that death certificates significantly underrepresent the true number of deaths in which epilepsy was a factor. To address this, members of the National Association of Medical Examiners, North American SUDEP Registry, Epilepsy Foundation SUDEP Institute, American Epilepsy Society, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention constituted an expert panel to generate evidence-based recommendations for the practice of death investigation and autopsy, toxicological analysis, interpretation of autopsy and toxicology findings, and death certification to improve the precision of death certificate data available for public health surveillance of epilepsy-related deaths. The recommendations provided in this paper are intended to assist medical examiners, coroners, and death investigators when a sudden unexpected death in a person with epilepsy is encountered.
- Published
- 2018
28. National Association of Medical Examiners Position Paper: Recommendations for the Investigation and Certification of Deaths in People with Epilepsy
- Author
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Middleton, Owen L, Atherton, Daniel S, Bundock, Elizabeth A, Donner, Elizabeth, Friedman, Daniel, Hesdorffer, Dale C, Jarrell, Heather S, McCrillis, Aileen M, Mena, Othon J, Morey, Mitchel, Thurman, David J, Tian, Niu, Tomson, Torbjörn, Tseng, Zian H, White, Steven, Wright, Cyndi, and Devinsky, Orrin
- Subjects
Epilepsy ,Neurodegenerative ,Prevention ,Brain Disorders ,Neurosciences ,Good Health and Well Being ,Forensic pathology ,SUDEP ,Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy - Abstract
Sudden unexpected death of an individual with epilepsy (SUDEP) can pose a challenge to death investigators, as most deaths are unwitnessed and the individual is commonly found dead in bed. Anatomic findings (e.g., tongue/lip bite) are commonly absent and of varying specificity, limiting the evidence to implicate epilepsy as a cause of or contributor to death. Thus, it is likely that death certificates significantly underrepresent the true number of deaths in which epilepsy was a factor. To address this, members of the National Association of Medical Examiners, North American SUDEP Registry, Epilepsy Foundation SUDEP Institute, American Epilepsy Society, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened an expert panel to generate evidence-based recommendations for the practice of death investigation and autopsy, toxicological analysis, interpretation of autopsy and toxicology findings, and death certification to improve the precision of death certificate data available for public health surveillance of epilepsy-related deaths. The recommendations provided in this paper are intended to assist medical examiners, coroners, and death investigators when a sudden, unexpected death in a person with epilepsy is encountered.
- Published
- 2018
29. Causation in neuroscience: keeping mechanism meaningful.
- Author
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Ross LN and Bassett DS
- Subjects
- Humans, Cognition, Brain, Philosophy, Neurosciences, Mental Disorders
- Abstract
A fundamental goal of research in neuroscience is to uncover the causal structure of the brain. This focus on causation makes sense, because causal information can provide explanations of brain function and identify reliable targets with which to understand cognitive function and prevent or change neurological conditions and psychiatric disorders. In this research, one of the most frequently used causal concepts is 'mechanism' - this is seen in the literature and language of the field, in grant and funding inquiries that specify what research is supported, and in journal guidelines on which contributions are considered for publication. In these contexts, mechanisms are commonly tied to expressions of the main aims of the field and cited as the 'fundamental', 'foundational' and/or 'basic' unit for understanding the brain. Despite its common usage and perceived importance, mechanism is used in different ways that are rarely distinguished. Given that this concept is defined in different ways throughout the field - and that there is often no clarification of which definition is intended - there remains a marked ambiguity about the fundamental goals, orientation and principles of the field. Here we provide an overview of causation and mechanism from the perspectives of neuroscience and philosophy of science, in order to address these challenges., (© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2024
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30. Systems Neuroscience's 2022 Top Papers: An Editorial Summary.
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Slavin, Konstantin V.
- Subjects
HYPNOTISM ,BRAIN stimulation ,TRANSCRANIAL alternating current stimulation ,TRANSCUTANEOUS electrical nerve stimulation ,NEUROSCIENCES ,VAGUS nerve stimulation - Abstract
This document is an editorial summary of the top cited papers in the field of Systems Neuroscience in 2022. The top ten papers cover a range of topics including tinnitus, obesity, and neuromodulation. The papers come from authors all over the world, representing diverse perspectives. Some notable findings include the lack of therapeutic benefit of a specific stimulation modality for tinnitus, the potential improvement of tinnitus treatment through an enriched acoustic environment, the impact of psychological and sociodemographic factors on tinnitus-related distress, the potential benefits of aerobic exercise for individuals with mild cognitive impairment, the importance of considering insular epilepsy during surgical planning, the functional changes in brain activity induced by hypnosis, the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on motor cortex oscillation and inhibition, the effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on autonomic responses, the neuroplastic capacity of different brain stimulation modalities, and the lack of association between obesity and executive functioning. These papers provide valuable insights into various aspects of Systems Neuroscience and are worth exploring for researchers and individuals interested in these topics. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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31. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology
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Scheffer, Ingrid E, Berkovic, Samuel, Capovilla, Giuseppe, Connolly, Mary B, French, Jacqueline, Guilhoto, Laura, Hirsch, Edouard, Jain, Satish, Mathern, Gary W, Moshé, Solomon L, Nordli, Douglas R, Perucca, Emilio, Tomson, Torbjörn, Wiebe, Samuel, Zhang, Yue‐Hua, and Zuberi, Sameer M
- Subjects
Epilepsy ,Neurodegenerative ,Neurosciences ,Brain Disorders ,Neurological ,Humans ,International Agencies ,Terminology as Topic ,Classification ,Epilepsy syndromes ,Terminology ,Etiology ,Clinical Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery - Abstract
The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Classification of the Epilepsies has been updated to reflect our gain in understanding of the epilepsies and their underlying mechanisms following the major scientific advances that have taken place since the last ratified classification in 1989. As a critical tool for the practicing clinician, epilepsy classification must be relevant and dynamic to changes in thinking, yet robust and translatable to all areas of the globe. Its primary purpose is for diagnosis of patients, but it is also critical for epilepsy research, development of antiepileptic therapies, and communication around the world. The new classification originates from a draft document submitted for public comments in 2013, which was revised to incorporate extensive feedback from the international epilepsy community over several rounds of consultation. It presents three levels, starting with seizure type, where it assumes that the patient is having epileptic seizures as defined by the new 2017 ILAE Seizure Classification. After diagnosis of the seizure type, the next step is diagnosis of epilepsy type, including focal epilepsy, generalized epilepsy, combined generalized, and focal epilepsy, and also an unknown epilepsy group. The third level is that of epilepsy syndrome, where a specific syndromic diagnosis can be made. The new classification incorporates etiology along each stage, emphasizing the need to consider etiology at each step of diagnosis, as it often carries significant treatment implications. Etiology is broken into six subgroups, selected because of their potential therapeutic consequences. New terminology is introduced such as developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The term benign is replaced by the terms self-limited and pharmacoresponsive, to be used where appropriate. It is hoped that this new framework will assist in improving epilepsy care and research in the 21st century.
- Published
- 2017
32. "Stress" is 80 Years Old: From Hans Selye Original Paper in 1936 to Recent Advances in GI Ulceration.
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Szabo, Sandor, Yoshida, Masashi, Filakovszky, Janos, and Juhasz, Gyorgy
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Neurosciences ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Adrenal Cortex ,Animals ,Disease Models ,Animal ,General Adaptation Syndrome ,Glucocorticoids ,History ,20th Century ,Humans ,Peptic Ulcer ,Rats ,Stress ,Physiological ,Stress ,history ,distress ,eustress ,stress triad ,gastric and duodenal ulcers ,cysteamine ,propionitrile ,dopamine ,MPTP ,Parkinson's disease ,angiogenic growth factors ,sucralfate ,BPC-157 ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Medicinal & Biomolecular Chemistry ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
The first scientific publication on 'general adaption syndrome', or as we know today 'biologic stress' has been published in Nature in 1936 by the 29-year old Hans Selye. His results in that short publication that contained no references or illustrations, were based on experiments in rats that were exposed to severe insults/ stressors, but his idea about a 'nonspecific bodily response' originated from his observations of sick patients whom he had seen as a medical student and young clinician. Autopsy of stressed rats revealed three major, grossly visible changes: hyperemia and enlargement of the adrenals, atrophy of the thymus and lymph nodes as well as hemorrhagic gastric erosions/ulcers (the "stress triad"). Based on this and additional observations, he concluded that the key master organ in stress reactions is the adrenal cortex (although he also accepted the limited and short lasting effect of catecholamines released from the adrenal medulla) which stimulated by an increased secretion of ACTH, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. He thus identified the first molecular mediators of the stress reaction, i.e., steroids released from the adrenal cortex that we call today glucocorticoids, based on his classification and naming of steroids. At the end of a very productive life in experimental medicine, Selye recognized that under both unpleasant and demanding stressors as well as positive, rewarding stimuli adrenal cortex releases the same glucocorticoids and only certain brain structures may distinguish the stimuli under distress and eustress - terms he introduced in 1974, that also contained his last definition of stress: the nonspecific response of the body on any demand on it. After brief description of the history of stress research, the rest of this review is focused on one element of stress triad, i.e., gastroduodenal ulceration, especially its pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. Following a short description of acute gastroprotection, discovered by one of Selye's students, we discuss new molecular mediators of gastroduodenal ulceration like dopamine and new drugs that either only heal (very potently, on molar basis) or prevent and heal ulcers like sucralfate derivatives and the relatively new peptide BPC-157. We conclude that despite the extensive and multidisciplinary research on stress during the last 80 years, a lot of basic and clinical research is needed to better understand the manifestations, central and peripheral molecular regulators of stress response, especially the modes of prevention/management of distress or its transformation into eustress and the treatment of stress-related diseases.
- Published
- 2017
33. Making the Best Out of IT: Design and Development of Exergames for Older Adults With Mild Neurocognitive Disorder – A Methodological Paper
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Patrick Manser and Eling D. de Bruin
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cognition ,development ,exercise ,exergames ,neurosciences ,technology ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Background: Utilizing information technology (IT) systems, for example in form of computerized cognitive screening or exergame-based (also called active videogames) training, has gained growing interest for supporting healthy aging and to detect, prevent and treat neurocognitive disorders (NCD). To ameliorate the effectiveness of exergaming, the neurobiological mechanisms as well as the most effective components for exergame-based training remain to be established. At the same time, it is important to account for the end-users’ capabilities, preferences, and therapeutic needs during the design and development process to foster the usability and acceptance of the resulting program in clinical practice. This will positively influence adherence to the resulting exergame-based training program, which, in turn, favors more distinct training-related neurobiological effects.Objectives and Methods: This methodological paper describes the design and development process of novel exergame-based training concepts guided by a recently proposed methodological framework: The ‘Multidisciplinary Iterative Design of Exergames (MIDE): A Framework for Supporting the Design, Development, and Evaluation of Exergames for Health’ (Li et al., 2020).Case Study: A step-by-step application of the MIDE-framework as a specific guidance in an ongoing project aiming to design, develop, and evaluate an exergame-based training concept with the aim to halt and/or reduce cognitive decline and improve quality of life in older adults with mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD) is illustrated.Discussion and Conclusion: The development of novel exergame-based training concepts is greatly facilitated when it is based on a theoretical framework (e.g., the MIDE-framework). Applying this framework resulted in a structured, iterative, and evidence-based approach that led to the identification of multiple key requirements for the exergame design as well as the training components that otherwise may have been overlooked or neglected. This is expected to foster the usability and acceptance of the resulting exergame intervention in “real life” settings. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to implement a theoretical framework (e.g., the MIDE-framework) for future research projects in line with well-known checklists to improve completeness of reporting and replicability when serious games for motor-cognitive rehabilitation purposes are to be developed.
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- 2021
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34. Functional neuroimaging as a catalyst for integrated neuroscience.
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Finn ES, Poldrack RA, and Shine JM
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- Humans, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain physiology, Brain physiopathology, Cognitive Neuroscience methods, Cognitive Neuroscience trends, Phenotype, Functional Neuroimaging trends, Neurosciences methods, Neurosciences trends, Magnetic Resonance Imaging trends
- Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables non-invasive access to the awake, behaving human brain. By tracking whole-brain signals across a diverse range of cognitive and behavioural states or mapping differences associated with specific traits or clinical conditions, fMRI has advanced our understanding of brain function and its links to both normal and atypical behaviour. Despite this headway, progress in human cognitive neuroscience that uses fMRI has been relatively isolated from rapid advances in other subdomains of neuroscience, which themselves are also somewhat siloed from one another. In this Perspective, we argue that fMRI is well-placed to integrate the diverse subfields of systems, cognitive, computational and clinical neuroscience. We first summarize the strengths and weaknesses of fMRI as an imaging tool, then highlight examples of studies that have successfully used fMRI in each subdomain of neuroscience. We then provide a roadmap for the future advances that will be needed to realize this integrative vision. In this way, we hope to demonstrate how fMRI can help usher in a new era of interdisciplinary coherence in neuroscience., (© 2023. Crown.)
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- 2023
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35. Reconstructing computational system dynamics from neural data with recurrent neural networks.
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Durstewitz D, Koppe G, and Thurm MI
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- Animals, Humans, Neural Networks, Computer, Artificial Intelligence, Neurosciences
- Abstract
Computational models in neuroscience usually take the form of systems of differential equations. The behaviour of such systems is the subject of dynamical systems theory. Dynamical systems theory provides a powerful mathematical toolbox for analysing neurobiological processes and has been a mainstay of computational neuroscience for decades. Recently, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have become a popular machine learning tool for studying the non-linear dynamics of neural and behavioural processes by emulating an underlying system of differential equations. RNNs have been routinely trained on similar behavioural tasks to those used for animal subjects to generate hypotheses about the underlying computational mechanisms. By contrast, RNNs can also be trained on the measured physiological and behavioural data, thereby directly inheriting their temporal and geometrical properties. In this way they become a formal surrogate for the experimentally probed system that can be further analysed, perturbed and simulated. This powerful approach is called dynamical system reconstruction. In this Perspective, we focus on recent trends in artificial intelligence and machine learning in this exciting and rapidly expanding field, which may be less well known in neuroscience. We discuss formal prerequisites, different model architectures and training approaches for RNN-based dynamical system reconstructions, ways to evaluate and validate model performance, how to interpret trained models in a neuroscience context, and current challenges., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2023
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36. Proposal for a Mechanistic Disease Conceptualization in Clinical Neurosciences: The Neural Network Components (NNC) Model.
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Nassan M
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- Humans, Neural Networks, Computer, Psychiatry, Mental Disorders classification, Neurosciences
- Abstract
Abstract: Clinical neurosciences, and psychiatry specifically, have been challenged by the lack of a comprehensive and practical framework that explains the core mechanistic processes of variable psychiatric presentations. Current conceptualization and classification of psychiatric presentations are primarily centered on a non-biologically based clinical descriptive approach. Despite various attempts, advances in neuroscience research have not led to an improved conceptualization or mechanistic classification of psychiatric disorders. This perspective article proposes a new-work-in-progress-framework for conceptualizing psychiatric presentations based on neural network components (NNC). This framework could guide the development of mechanistic disease classification, improve understanding of underpinning pathology, and provide specific intervention targets. This model also has the potential to dissolve artificial barriers between the fields of psychiatry and neurology., (Copyright © 2024 President and Fellows of Harvard College.)
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- 2024
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37. 2014 Update of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: A review of papers published since its inception
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Weiner, Michael W, Veitch, Dallas P, Aisen, Paul S, Beckett, Laurel A, Cairns, Nigel J, Cedarbaum, Jesse, Green, Robert C, Harvey, Danielle, Jack, Clifford R, Jagust, William, Luthman, Johan, Morris, John C, Petersen, Ronald C, Saykin, Andrew J, Shaw, Leslie, Shen, Li, Schwarz, Adam, Toga, Arthur W, Trojanowski, John Q, and Initiative, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging
- Subjects
Biological Psychology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Psychology ,Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) ,Clinical Research ,Biomedical Imaging ,Brain Disorders ,Dementia ,Acquired Cognitive Impairment ,Neurodegenerative ,Neurosciences ,Alzheimer's Disease ,Aging ,Prevention ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Neurological ,Alzheimer Disease ,Biomarkers ,Brain ,Early Diagnosis ,Humans ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,Nootropic Agents ,Radionuclide Imaging ,Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative ,Alzheimer's disease ,Amyloid ,Biomarker ,Mild cognitive impairment ,Tau ,Clinical Sciences ,Geriatrics ,Clinical sciences ,Biological psychology - Abstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is an ongoing, longitudinal, multicenter study designed to develop clinical, imaging, genetic, and biochemical biomarkers for the early detection and tracking of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The initial study, ADNI-1, enrolled 400 subjects with early mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 200 with early AD, and 200 cognitively normal elderly controls. ADNI-1 was extended by a 2-year Grand Opportunities grant in 2009 and by a competitive renewal, ADNI-2, which enrolled an additional 550 participants and will run until 2015. This article reviews all papers published since the inception of the initiative and summarizes the results to the end of 2013. The major accomplishments of ADNI have been as follows: (1) the development of standardized methods for clinical tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in a multicenter setting; (2) elucidation of the patterns and rates of change of imaging and CSF biomarker measurements in control subjects, MCI patients, and AD patients. CSF biomarkers are largely consistent with disease trajectories predicted by β-amyloid cascade (Hardy, J Alzheimer's Dis 2006;9(Suppl 3):151-3) and tau-mediated neurodegeneration hypotheses for AD, whereas brain atrophy and hypometabolism levels show predicted patterns but exhibit differing rates of change depending on region and disease severity; (3) the assessment of alternative methods of diagnostic categorization. Currently, the best classifiers select and combine optimum features from multiple modalities, including MRI, [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, amyloid PET, CSF biomarkers, and clinical tests; (4) the development of blood biomarkers for AD as potentially noninvasive and low-cost alternatives to CSF biomarkers for AD diagnosis and the assessment of α-syn as an additional biomarker; (5) the development of methods for the early detection of AD. CSF biomarkers, β-amyloid 42 and tau, as well as amyloid PET may reflect the earliest steps in AD pathology in mildly symptomatic or even nonsymptomatic subjects and are leading candidates for the detection of AD in its preclinical stages; (6) the improvement of clinical trial efficiency through the identification of subjects most likely to undergo imminent future clinical decline and the use of more sensitive outcome measures to reduce sample sizes. Multimodal methods incorporating APOE status and longitudinal MRI proved most highly predictive of future decline. Refinements of clinical tests used as outcome measures such as clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes further reduced sample sizes; (7) the pioneering of genome-wide association studies that leverage quantitative imaging and biomarker phenotypes, including longitudinal data, to confirm recently identified loci, CR1, CLU, and PICALM and to identify novel AD risk loci; (8) worldwide impact through the establishment of ADNI-like programs in Japan, Australia, Argentina, Taiwan, China, Korea, Europe, and Italy; (9) understanding the biology and pathobiology of normal aging, MCI, and AD through integration of ADNI biomarker and clinical data to stimulate research that will resolve controversies about competing hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis of AD, thereby advancing efforts to find disease-modifying drugs for AD; and (10) the establishment of infrastructure to allow sharing of all raw and processed data without embargo to interested scientific investigators throughout the world.
- Published
- 2015
38. ACEs Are Wild: How Educators Can Positively Influence the 'Hand' Students Are Dealt
- Author
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Amanda M. Butler
- Abstract
Failing test scores in reading proficiency have been a blemish on our nation's report card for decades as scores have remained static despite the readily-available information on language and literacy attainment, and the employment of research-based strategies in classrooms. While we continue our quest to efficiently bolster reading skills, a less obvious solution may have little to do with literacy and everything to do with neuroscience. Over 60% of youths have suffered from one or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and children who experience adversity are more likely to struggle in school. Cortisol, a hormone released under stress, limits brain function and negatively impacts one's working memory, decision-making skills, and attention, all of which are required for reading proficiency. Researchers have proven that oxytocin, the "love hormone", reverses the effects of cortisol and is easily triggered in classroom settings via physical contact. By reversing the effects of cortisol, students will have the "mental real estate" to learn and retain the skills and knowledge necessary to become proficient readers. [For the full proceedings, see ED656038.]
- Published
- 2023
39. BRAIN-INSPIRED AI CODE LIBRARY PASSES MAJOR MILESTONE, NEW PAPER OFFERS PERSPECTIVE ON FUTURE OF FIELD
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Artificial intelligence ,Neurosciences ,Machine learning ,Neural networks ,Neural network ,Artificial intelligence ,News, opinion and commentary ,University of California, Santa Cruz - Abstract
SANTA CRUZ, Calif. -- The following information was released by the University of California - Santa Cruz: By Emily Cerf Spiking neural networks, a form of low-power, brain-inspired deep learning, [...]
- Published
- 2023
40. How to Revise Science Using Neuroscience: Applications to Online Learning
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Belham, Flávia Schechtman, Wilks, Stephen, and Elvidge, Mimi
- Abstract
This presentation to the ASE Annual Conference 2018 discussed how research in neuroscience can help in the learning of science both in the classroom and online.
- Published
- 2018
41. Nervous Fictions: Literary Form and the Enlightenment Origins of Neuroscience: Jeff Keiser. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2020, 324 pp., $45.00 (e-book). ISBN: 978-0-8139-4479-1; $45.00 (paper). ISBN: 978-0-8139-4478-4; $85.00 (cloth). ISBN: 978-0-8139-4477-7
- Author
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Finger, Stanley
- Subjects
- *
LITERARY form , *FICTION , *ENLIGHTENMENT , *NEUROSCIENCES , *CORPUS callosum - Abstract
In Keiser's words, "each work depicts, in a knowingly ridiculous manner, a natural philosopher digging into brain matter in the hope of exposing the mechanisms that make the mind tick" (pp. 143-144). Keiser's focus is not on how the nerves and various brain structures appear during a dissection, which is straightforward and verifiable. Locke did not partake in the kinds of fictions Willis, Cavendish, and others were promoting about the nerve spirits. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
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42. Harmful uses of patentable neurotechnology: a new regulatory approach : Proposing a framework safeguarding human rights and social responsibility for patented applications of neuroscience.
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Nadler RR, Spranger TM, Rotenberg A, Barretto TA, Hansmann J, Hemmer A, Kiss ZH, Madden JD, Strong MJ, and Illes J
- Subjects
- Humans, Neurosciences ethics, Neurosciences legislation & jurisprudence, Human Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Patents as Topic legislation & jurisprudence, Patents as Topic ethics, Social Responsibility
- Published
- 2024
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43. Contemporary Perspectives on Aggressive Behavior: Exploring Trends across the Lifespan -- Brief Report on the 22nd Workshop on Aggression, 2017, Limassol, Cyprus
- Author
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Stavrinides, Panayiotis, Fanti, Kostas, Charalampous, Kyriakos, Demetriou, Chara, Hadjicharalambous, Maria-Zoe, and Solomontos-Kountouri, Olga
- Abstract
The 22nd Workshop on Aggression was held in Limassol, the 2nd second largest urban area in Cyprus, in November 22-25, 2017, and was organized by the University of Cyprus. There were five keynote speakers, eight symposia, nine paper sessions and one poster session. In total, 78 high quality individual papers were presented, covering a broad area of research fields in accordance to the theme of the workshop. The thematic focus of the 22nd Workshop on Aggression 2017 was "Contemporary perspectives on aggressive behavior: Exploring trends across the lifespan". The conference aimed to present the latest research and stimulate interdisciplinary research mainly in the fields of: (1) conventional and cyber forms of aggression; (2) personality and environmental factors of aggression; (3) neuroscience and aggression; and (4) prevention and intervention programs of aggression.
- Published
- 2018
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44. Biofabrication of Neural Organoids: An Experiential Learning Approach for Instructional Laboratories
- Author
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Caroline Cvetkovic, Sarah Lindley, Holly Golecki, and Robert Krencik
- Abstract
Biomedical engineering (BME) is a multidisciplinary, constantly advancing field; as such, undergraduate programs in BME must continually adapt. Elective courses provide opportunities for students to select topic areas relevant to their interests or future careers. Specifically, laboratory courses allow experiential learning in specialized topics in a hands-on manner that is suitable and accessible to undergraduate students. In recent years, neural engineering has emerged as a research sub-specialty within BME, and students preparing to pursue careers in this field will require a broad range of fundamental and experiential training. We sought to demonstrate this possibility by implementing a neural tissue engineering module into an existing upper-level undergraduate biofabrication elective. Organoids, which are self-assembling aggregate cell culture models that mimic a tissue or organ in both function and structure, have been made more accessible by genetic tools and commercially available resources. These experimental tools can be incorporated into basic laboratory experiments to model neurological systems that are otherwise difficult to study. In this paper, we describe the execution of this new module in which teams followed an adapted protocol for producing human neural organoids and then designed and manufactured a 3D-printed 'solution' to a common problem in the fields of neural engineering and organoid research. Additionally, we include student feedback as well as advantages, disadvantages, and opportunities for improvement of this laboratory module in future implementations. Skills gained in this project-based setting could be beneficial in subsequent capstone design courses as well as translated into future courses or graduate research studies.
- Published
- 2024
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45. Investigating the Impact of Remote Neuroanatomy Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Online Examination Performance in a National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition
- Author
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Calvin D. De Louche, Charles Taylor, Veronique B. N. Weiss, Damian Amendra, Janet Philp, Rachel Parrott, Samuel Hall, and Scott Border
- Abstract
Neuroanatomy is a notoriously challenging subject for medical students to learn. Due to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, anatomical education transitioned to an online format. We assessed student performance in, and attitudes toward, an online neuroanatomy assessment compared to an in-person equivalent, as a marker of the efficacy of remote neuroanatomy education. Participants in the National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition (NUNC) 2021 undertook two online examinations: a neuroanatomically themed multiple-choice question paper and anatomy spotter. Students completed pre- and post-examination questionnaires to gauge their attitudes toward the online competition and prior experience of online anatomical teaching/assessment. To evaluate performance, we compared scores of students who sat the online (2021) and in-person (2017) examinations, using 12 identical neuroradiology questions present in both years. Forty-six percent of NUNC 2021 participants had taken an online anatomy examination in the previous 12 months, but this did not impact examination performance significantly (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in examination scores between in-person and online examinations using the 12 neuroradiology questions (p = 0.69). Fifty percent of participants found the online format less enjoyable, with 63% citing significantly fewer networking opportunities. The online competition was less stressful for 55% of participants. This study provides some evidence to suggest that student performance is not affected when undertaking online examinations and proposes that online neuroanatomy teaching methods, particularly for neuroradiology, may be equally as effective as in-person approaches within this context. Participants perceived online examinations as less stressful but raised concerns surrounding the networking potential and enjoyment of online events.
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- 2024
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46. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy is a useful tool for multi-perspective psychobiological study of neurophysiological correlates of parenting behaviour.
- Author
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Russo C and Senese VP
- Subjects
- Humans, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Emotions, Brain, Parenting psychology, Neurosciences
- Abstract
The quality of the relationship between caregiver and child has long-term effects on the cognitive and socio-emotional development of children. A process involved in human parenting is the bio-behavioural synchrony that occurs between the partners in the relationship during interaction. Through interaction, bio-behavioural synchronicity allows the adaptation of the physiological systems of the parent to those of the child and promotes the positive development and modelling of the child's social brain. The role of bio-behavioural synchrony in building social bonds could be investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In this paper we have (a) highlighted the importance of the quality of the caregiver-child relationship for the child's cognitive and socio-emotional development, as well as the relevance of infantile stimuli in the activation of parenting behaviour; (b) discussed the tools used in the study of the neurophysiological substrates of the parental response; (c) proposed fNIRS as a particularly suitable tool for the study of parental responses; and (d) underlined the need for a multi-systemic psychobiological approach to understand the mechanisms that regulate caregiver-child interactions and their bio-behavioural synchrony. We propose to adopt a multi-system psychobiological approach to the study of parental behaviour and social interaction., (© 2022 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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47. Editorial: Electromagnetic field theories of consciousness: opportunities and obstacles.
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Hunt, Tam, Jones, Mostyn, McFadden, Johnjoe, Delorme, Arnaud, Hales, Colin G., Ericson, Marissa, and Schooler, Jonathan
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ELECTROMAGNETIC theory ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,CONSCIOUS automata ,THEORY of mind ,WEAK interactions (Nuclear physics) ,NEUROSCIENCES - Abstract
This document is an editorial that discusses the concept of electromagnetic (EM) field theories of consciousness. It highlights the growing interest in this type of solution for understanding consciousness and its philosophical and physical aspects. The document also includes summaries of various research papers on EM field theories of consciousness, which explore the role of EM fields in understanding consciousness and propose different frameworks and theories to explain its mechanisms. The papers discuss topics such as brain activity, EM field oscillations, qualia, and the boundary problem in consciousness studies. Overall, these papers contribute to the ongoing exploration of EM field theories of consciousness and offer potential avenues for further research. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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48. The Montessori Method and the Neurosequential Model in Education (NME): A Comparative Study
- Author
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Phillips, Bernadette
- Abstract
The Neurosequential Model in Education (NME) is described as a developmentally sensitive and biologically respectful approach to development and learning. This paper postulates that the NME shares many commonalities with the Montessori Method in that it, too, is developmentally sensitive and adheres to biologically respectful concepts. This paper compares some of the core principles and recommended practices of the NME with those in the Montessori Method and argues that they are consistent in many ways. The paper also examines Dr. Montessori's unique use of "sensitive periods" in development for educational purposes, in particular her use of the sensitive periods for movement, the social aspects of life, and the sensitive period for order respectively. It argues that in doing this, she was actively promoting an approach to human development and education that appears to correlate with what Dr. Bruce Perry calls a developmentally sensitive and biologically respectful approach to learning. The goal of this study is to show the science behind why many of Dr. Montessori's original practices worked and had such a positive effect on children. This knowledge should empower Montessori educators and give them the confidence to promote authentic Montessori practices in the knowledge that they are in line with current neuroscientific theories that have been shown to be beneficial to children.
- Published
- 2022
49. Leveraging Neuroscience as a Tool to Advance Architecture Pedagogy
- Author
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Motamedi, Shooka
- Abstract
The brain alone is a complex organ in which all sensory, intellectual, emotional, and intuitive perceptions take place. Today, one of the research challenges in teaching-learning science is the answer to the question of how much the application of findings from neuroscience studies on learning can be effective in improving the quality of education. Where are the overlaps between the language of neuroscience and the science of teaching-learning? While previous teachings have emphasized the importance of schemas or mental formats as a new learning infrastructure, cognitive neuroscience looks at how knowledge, insight, and experience are processed in the brain and how neural connections in the brain provide new learning. The information encoded in the hippocampus can form schemas reliably in institutionalized neocortical networks. How can these mechanisms be used to improve education, especially architecture education? The current insights from the basic and applied research of cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and teaching-learning science research promise a change in educating architects. This article introduces the commonalities of neuroscience, cognitive studies, and architectural education. [For the full proceedings, see ED631133.]
- Published
- 2022
50. Proceedings of International Conference on Social and Education Sciences (IConSES) (Austin, Texas, October 13-16, 2022). Volume 1
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International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Shelley, Mack, Akerson, Valarie, Sahin, Ismail, Shelley, Mack, Akerson, Valarie, Sahin, Ismail, and International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization
- Abstract
"Proceedings of International Conference on Social and Education Sciences" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Social and Education Sciences (IConSES), which took place on October 13-16, 2022, in Austin, Texas. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and social sciences. The IConSES invites submissions that address the theory, research, or applications in all disciplines of education and social sciences. The IConSES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and social sciences, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals, and all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2022
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