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1. Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and their derivatives as multi-components of bio-based feedstocks for 3D printing.

Author

Yang J, An X, Liu L, Tang S, Cao H, Xu Q, and Liu H

Subjects
Biomass, Biotechnology methods, Cellulose chemistry, Lignin chemistry, Plants chemistry, Polysaccharides chemistry, Printing, Three-Dimensional instrumentation
Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, known as revolutionary and disruptive innovation in manufacturing technology, supports great opportunities to rapidly construct a wide range of tailored object geometries. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin as the three most common natural polymers and main components of plant resources, possess great economical potential for bio-based products due to their attractive advantages. The integration of 3D printing technology involved with cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as the major bio-based feedstock for high-performance 3D printed products has received great concern in the R&D areas. In this review, the aim is to shed light on a cutting-edge review on the most recent progress based on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as their derivatives as multi-components of bio-feedstock for 3D printing, in which the applications, roles and functions of the plant-derived biomass for 3D printing are also highlighted. The challenges and perspectives for future work are provided, to underscore critical issues and opportunities., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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2. Hemicellulose from Plant Biomass in Medical and Pharmaceutical Application: A Critical Review.

Author

Liu X, Lin Q, Yan Y, Peng F, Sun R, and Ren J

Subjects
Humans, Biomass, Plants chemistry, Polysaccharides chemistry
Abstract

Background: Due to the non-toxicity, abundance and biodegradability, recently more and more attention has been focused on the exploration of hemicellulose as the potential substrate for the production of liquid fuels and other value-added chemicals and materials in different fields. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the promising application of nature hemicellulose and its derivative products including its degradation products, its new derivatives and hemicellulosebased medical biodegradable materials in the medical and pharmaceutical field, especially for inmmune regulation, bacteria inhibition, drug release, anti-caries, scaffold materials and anti-tumor., Methods: We searched the related papers about the medical and pharmaceutical application of hemicellulose and its derivative products, and summarized their preparation methods, properties and use effects., Results: Two hundred and twenty-seven papers were included in this review. Forty-seven papers introduced the extraction and application in immune regulation of nature hemicellulose, such as xylan, mannan, xyloglucan (XG) and β-glucan. Seventy-seven papers mentioned the preparation and application of degradation products of hemicellulose for adjusting intestinal function, maintaining blood glucose levels, enhancing the immunity and alleviating human fatigue fields such as xylooligosaccharides, xylitol, xylose, arabinose, etc. The preparation of hemicellulose derivatives were described in thirty-two papers such as hemicellulose esters, hemicellulose ethers and their effects on anticoagulants, adsorption of creatinine, the addition of immune cells and the inhibition of harmful bacteria. Finally, the preparations of hemicellulose-based materials such as hydrogels and membrane for the field of drug release, cell immobilization, cancer therapy and wound dressings were presented using fifty-five papers., Conclusion: The structure of hemicellulose-based products has the significant impact on properties and the use effect for the immunity, and treating various diseases of human. However, some efforts should be made to explore and improve the properties of hemicellulose-based products and design the new materials to broaden hemicellulose applications., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Published
2019
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3. Quantitative genetic parameters for growth and wood properties in Eucalyptus 'urograndis' hybrid using near-infrared phenotyping and genome-wide SNP-based relationships

Author

Orzenil B. Silva-Junior, Bruno Marco de Lima, Shawn D. Mansfield, Carla Garcia, Dario Grattapaglia, Eduardo P. Cappa, BRUNO MARCO DE LIMA, USP, EDUARDO P. CAPPA, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGI´A AGROPECUARIA (INTA), ARGENTINA, ORZENIL BONFIM DA SILVA JUNIOR, Cenargen, CARLA GARCIA, INTERNATIONAL PAPER DO BRASIL ROD, SHAWN D. MANSFIELD, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, and DARIO GRATTAPAGLIA, Cenargen.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Heredity, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Lignin, Trees, Spectrum Analysis Techniques, NEAR-INFRARED PEHNOTYPING, Data Management, education.field_of_study, Eucalyptus, Multidisciplinary, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Organic Compounds, Plant Anatomy, Eukaryota, near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Phylogenetic Analysis, Genomics, Plants, Wood, Phylogenetics, Polimorfismo de un Solo Nucleótido, Chemistry, Phenotypes, Phenotype, Genetic gain, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Brazil, Genome, Plant, Research Article, Genetic Research, Computer and Information Sciences, Genética Cuantitativa, Genotype, Science, Population, Infrared Spectroscopy, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, MOLECULAR RELATIONSHIP, Species Specificity, Genetic variation, Genetics, Evolutionary Systematics, PEDIGREE RELATIONSHIP, education, Cellulose, Fenotipos, Hybrid, Taxonomy, Evolutionary Biology, Models, Genetic, Directional selection, Organic Chemistry, Organisms, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Heritability, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5 [https], Plant Breeding, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Tree breeding, Hybridization, Genetic, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https], 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

A thorough understanding of the heritability, genetic correlations and additive and non-additive variance components of tree growth and wood properties is a requisite for effective tree breeding. This knowledge is essential to maximize genetic gain, that is, the amount of increase in trait performance achieved annually through directional selection. Understanding the genetic attributes of traits targeted by breeding is also important to sustain decade-long genetic progress, that is, the progress made by increasing the average genetic value of the offspring as compared to that of the parental generation. In this study, we report quantitative genetic parameters for fifteen growth, wood chemical and physical traits for the world-famous Eucalyptus urograndis hybrid (E. grandis × E. urophylla). These traits directly impact the optimal use of wood for cellulose pulp, paper, and energy production. A population of 1,000 trees sampled in a progeny trial was phenotyped directly or following the development and use of near-infrared spectroscopy calibration models. Trees were genotyped with 33,398 SNPs and 24,001 DArT-seq genome-wide markers and genomic realized relationship matrices (GRM) were used for parameter estimation with an individual-tree additive-dominant mixed model. Wood chemical properties and wood density showed stronger genetic control than growth, cellulose and fiber traits. Additive effects are the main drivers of genetic variation for all traits, but dominance plays an equally or more important role for growth, singularly in this hybrid. GRM´s with >10,000 markers provided stable relationships estimates and more accurate parameters than pedigrees by capturing the full genetic relationships among individuals and disentangling the non-additive from the additive genetic component. Low correlations between growth and wood properties indicate that simultaneous selection for wood traits can be applied with minor effects on genetic gain for growth. Conversely, moderate to strong correlations between wood density and chemical traits exist, likely due to their interdependency on cell wall structure such that responses to selection will be connected for these traits. Our results illustrate the advantage of using genomewide marker data to inform tree breeding in general and have important consequences for operational breeding of eucalypt urograndis hybrids. Fil: de Lima, Bruno Marco. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil Fil: Cappa, Eduardo Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Silva Junior, Orzenil B.. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil. Universidade Católica de Brasília; Brasil Fil: Garcia, Carla. No especifíca; Fil: Mansfield, Shawn D.. University of British Columbia; Canadá Fil: Grattapaglia, Dario. Ministerio da Agricultura Pecuaria e Abastecimento de Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria; Brasil. Universidade Católica de Brasília; Brasil

Published
2019

4. Introduction of Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy as an Advanced Technique for Plant Biopolymers Research

Author

Rachid Lahlali, Colleen R. Christensen, Cédric Gaillard, Lisa M. Blair, S. Shea Miller, Vijayan Perumal, Adam P. Hitchcock, Chithra Karunakaran, Canadian Light Source, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), McMaster University, and The research described in this paper was performed at the Canadian Light Source Inc., and the Advanced Light Source. The Canadian Light Source Inc. is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), National Research Council Canada (NRC), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), and the University of Saskatchewan. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.

Subjects
plant stem, Absorption spectroscopy, Lens culinaris, lcsh:Medicine, lignin, soft X ray absorption spectromicroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Nanotechnology, image display, engineering.material, lentil, Biopolymers, sensitivity analysis, biopolymer, process optimization, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Microscopy, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, lcsh:Science, infrared spectroscopy, intermethod comparison, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Spectroscopy, plant cell, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Multidisciplinary, Plant Stems, lcsh:R, Resolution (electron density), hemicellulose, Plants, cellulose, arabinoxylan, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, phase transition, X ray absorption spectroscopy, microscopy, engineering, polygalacturonic acid, Lens Plant, lcsh:Q, Biopolymer, Research Article, amino acid substitution
Abstract

International audience; Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy coupled with nano-scale microscopy has been widely used in material science, environmental science, and physical sciences. In this work, the advantages of soft X-ray absorption spectromicroscopy for plant biopolymer research were demonstrated by determining the chemical sensitivity of the technique to identify common plant biopolymers and to map the distributions of biopolymers in plant samples. The chemical sensitivity of soft X-ray spectroscopy to study biopolymers was determined by recording the spectra of common plant biopolymers using soft X-ray and Fourier Transform mid Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques. The soft X-ray spectra of lignin, cellulose, and polygalacturonic acid have distinct spectral features. However, there were no distinct differences between cellulose and hemicellulose spectra. Mid infrared spectra of all biopolymers were unique and there were differences between the spectra of water soluble and insoluble xylans. The advantage of nano-scale spatial resolution exploited using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy for plant biopolymer research was demonstrated by mapping plant cell wall biopolymers in a lentil stem section and compared with the FT-IR spectromicroscopy data from the same sample. The soft X-ray spectromicroscopy enables mapping of biopolymers at the sub-cellular (similar to 30 nm) resolution whereas, the limited spatial resolution in the micron scale range in the FT-IR spectromicroscopy made it difficult to identify the localized distribution of biopolymers. The advantages and limitations of soft X-ray and FT-IR spectromicroscopy techniques for biopolymer research are also discussed.

Published
2015