39 results
Search Results
2. Confidentiality and cultural competence? The realities of engaging young British Pakistanis and Bangladeshis into substance use services.
- Author
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Gray, Paul and Ralphs, Rob
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SUBSTANCE abuse treatment ,CONFIDENCE ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL ethics ,PRIVACY ,TRUST ,PATIENT participation ,ETHNOLOGY research ,ASIANS ,QUANTITATIVE research ,CULTURAL competence ,PSYCHOLOGY of drug abusers ,ODDS ratio ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Aims: This paper focuses on the reasons for the under-representation of British South Asians in substance use services. Based on a small-scale evaluation of a substance use service that delivers targeted outreach support within two predominantly Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities in the north west of England, this paper contributes to the debate around how substance use services can best engage with young British Pakistani and Bangladeshi substance users. Methods: Semi-structured interviews (with six staff members, 18 young Pakistani and Bangladeshi service users, and 18 stakeholders and partner agencies), a detailed ethnographic observation of the service, and an analysis of routinely collected quantitative monitoring data. Findings: The paper highlights the importance of what Fountain terms low threshold/open access services. Alongside this, the paper argues that the building of trust and confidence in a substance use service is a key when it comes to engaging with young Pakistani and Bangladeshi substance users. Yet this necessary process takes time: something that is at odds with the current trend towards short-term funding regimes and 'quick wins'. Conclusions: The paper concludes by advocating the need for, not only a diverse range of engagement strategies, but also a longer term approach when it comes to developing and delivering substance use services aimed at successfully engaging with this particular group of substance users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Repercussions of precarious employment on migrants' perceptions of healthcare in Greece.
- Author
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Fouskas, Theodoros
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ARABS ,BLUE collar workers ,EMPLOYMENT ,FILIPINOS ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH status indicators ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,META-analysis ,REFUGEES ,TEXTILES ,WAGES ,QUALITATIVE research ,JUDGMENT sampling ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,NOMADS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cases of Bangladeshi, Filipina, Nigerian, Palestinian and Pakistani migrant workers and how the frame of their work and employment in precarious, low-status/ low-wage jobs affects their perceptions and practices regarding health and access to healthcare services. Design/methodology/approach - Using qualitative research methodology, the analysis via in-depth interviews focuses on male Bangladeshi, Nigerian, Pakistani and Palestinian unskilled manual and textile laborers as well as street vendors, and female Filipina live-in domestic workers. Findings - Migrants are entrapped in a context of isolative and exploitative working conditions, i.e., in unskilled labor, textile work, street-vending, personal services, care and domestic work, which lead them to adopt a self-perception in which healthcare and social protection are not a priority. Social implications - Throughout the paper it has become clear that these precarious low-status/low-wage jobs have an important underside effect on migrants' lives, intensifying labor and health instability and exposing migrants to employment-generating activities that do not guarantee health safety. In Greek society, the impact of migration on public health is characterized by many as a "time bomb ready to explode," especially in urban centers. Meanwhile, the economy and particularly the informal sector of the labor market is benefiting from migrant workers.More research is needed as thismode of exploitative labor and precarious employment needs to be adequately addressed to mitigate barriers in the access of labor and healthcare rights. Originality/value - Via its contribution to the sociology of migration with particular emphasis on labor healthcare, the paper provides evidence that due to their concentration in precarious, low-status/low-wage jobs migrant workers have very limited access to healthcare services. The removal of inequalities and discrimination against migrant workers in accessing healthcare services and medical care is a challenge for South European Union countries and particularly for Greece. However, in spite of this, there is no uniform policy in the management of migrants with respect to their access to health services. The paper will aid debates between policy makers and academics working on migration and inequalities due to the division of labor and health disparities, will contribute to the understanding of the perils attached to precarious, low-status/low-wage jobs and in addressing health inequalities effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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4. Prevalence and determinants of initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth: An analysis of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014.
- Author
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Karim, Farhana, Khan, Abdullah Nurus Salam, Tasnim, Fariha, Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir, Billah, Sk Masum, Karim, Taseen, Arifeen, Shams El, and Garnett, Sarah P.
- Subjects
BREASTFEEDING ,DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,CESAREAN section ,CHILDBIRTH ,DELIVERY (Obstetrics) ,BIRTH order - Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding within one hour of birth is a critical component of newborn care and is estimated to avert 22% of neonatal mortality globally. Understanding the determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is essential for designing targeted and effective breastfeeding promotion programmes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding among Bangladeshi women. Methods: This paper analyses the data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014. Analysis was based on responses of women who had at least one live birth in the two years preceding the survey (n = 3,162) collected using a structured questionnaire. The primary outcome was breastfeeding initiation within one hour of birth ascertained by women’s self-report. Explanatory variables included woman’s age, education, religion, household wealth, place of residence and place of delivery, birth order, child’s size, antenatal care (ANC), postnatal care (PNC) and skin-to-skin contact. Associations between variables were assessed by simple and multivariable logistic regressions. Results: Of the 3,162 recently delivered mothers, 51% initiated breastfeeding within one hour of delivery. Prevalence of EIBF varied significantly between different types of mode of delivery, among different geographical regions and among women who had PNC with their newborn. Women who had caesarean section (C-section) were less likely to initiate breastfeeding early after birth than women who had normal vaginal delivery (NVD) (AOR: 0.32, 95% CI 0.23 0.43; p value < 0.001). Women who had received PNC with their newborns within one hour of delivery were more likely to breastfeed their babies within one hour of birth compared to those who did not (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI 1.26 2.07; p value < 0.001). Mother’s age, education, religion, household wealth index, place of residence and place of delivery, birth order, number of antenatal visits, child’s size and skin-to-skin contact were not significantly associated with EIBF. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that investing more effort in ensuring immediate PNC of mother-newborn pair can increase EIBF. Solutions should be explored to increase EIBF among mothers who undergo C-section as C-section is rising rapidly in Bangladesh. Further research is needed to explore the regional differences in the country, including specific cultural practices that influence EIBF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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5. District level estimates and mapping of prevalence of diarrhoea among under-five children in Bangladesh by combining survey and census data.
- Author
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Das, Sumonkanti, Chandra, Hukum, and Saha, Unnati Rani
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DIAGNOSIS of diarrhea ,DISEASE prevalence ,HEALTH surveys ,HEALTH policy ,DRUG design - Abstract
The demand for district level statistics has increased tremendously in Bangladesh due to existence of decentralised approach to governance and service provision. The Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys (BDHS) provide a wide range of invaluable data at the national and divisional level but they cannot be used directly to produce reliable district-level estimates due to insufficient sample sizes. The small area estimation (SAE) technique overcomes the sample size challenges and can produce reliable estimates at the district level. This paper uses SAE approach to generate model-based district-level estimates of diarrhoea prevalence among under-5 children in Bangladesh by linking data from the 2014 BDHS and the 2011 Population Census. The diagnostics measures show that the model-based estimates are precise and representative when compared to the direct survey estimates. Spatial distribution of the precise estimates of diarrhoea prevalence reveals significant inequality at district-level (ranged 1.1–13.4%) with particular emphasis in the coastal and north-eastern districts. Findings of the study might be useful for designing effective policies, interventions and strengthening local-level governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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6. A comparison of minimum dietary diversity in Bangladesh in 2011 and 2014.
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Blackstone, Sarah and Sanghvi, Tina
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DIET & psychology ,ARTIFICIAL feeding ,AGE distribution ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DECISION making ,DELIVERY (Obstetrics) ,DIET ,INFANTS ,INTERVIEWING ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,POPULATION geography ,PRENATAL care ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SELF-efficacy ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,PSYCHOLOGY of women ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,STATISTICAL significance ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,SOCIAL media ,CROSS-sectional method ,DATA analysis software ,NUTRITIONAL value ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,CHILDREN ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: Improving infant and young child feeding practices is critical for improving growth and reducing child mortality and morbidity. This paper aims to compare predictors of minimum dietary diversity, an important indicator of adequate complementary feeding practices, in Bangladesh in 2011 and 2014. The 2011 and 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey were used to examine predictors of minimum dietary diversity among 6–23 months. An additional analysis was conducted for the 18–23‐month group, because a significant increase in meeting minimum dietary diversity recommendations was seen in this age group only. Factors found to be associated with practices were compared across time points. In 2011, minimum dietary diversity was 23.8% and increased to 28.8% in 2014. Among children 18–23 months, in 2011, minimum dietary diversity was 32.5% and increased to 42.8% in 2014. Among all children, wealth, education, exposure to media, and antenatal care were significant predictors of dietary diversity. In the 18–23‐month age group, significant predictors in 2011 were wealth and decision making. In 2014, significant predictors were education and exposure to media. Demographic trends indicated a significant increase in education and exposure to media between 2011 and 2014. As these were significant for minimum dietary diversity in 2014 overall and for 18–23 months, they might be important targets of future interventions, specifically utilizing media channels and tailoring special strategies for women with low education and limited exposure to media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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7. Women’s opinion on the justification of physical spousal violence: A quantitative approach to model the most vulnerable households in Bangladesh.
- Author
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Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Rahman, Nusma, Kabir, Enamul, and Raihan, Farabi
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SOCIAL conditions of women ,MARITAL violence ,WOMEN -- Public opinion ,LOGISTIC model (Demography) ,WOMEN'S empowerment ,GOVERNMENT policy ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
Bangladesh is a culturally conservative nation with limited freedom for women. A number of studies have evaluated intimate partner violence (IPV) and spousal physical violence in Bangladesh; however, the views of women have been rarely discussed in a quantitative manner. Three nationwide surveys in Bangladesh (2007, 2011, and 2014) were analyzed in this study to characterize the most vulnerable households, where women themselves accepted spousal physical violence as a general norm. 31.3%, 31.9% and 28.7% women in the surveys found justification for physical violence in household in 2007, 2011 and 2014 respectively. The binary logistic model showed wealth index, education of both women and their partner, religion, geographical division, decision making freedom and marital age as significant household contributors for women’s perspective in all the three years. Women in rich households and the highly educated were found to be 40% and 50% less likely to accept domestic physical violence compared to the poorest and illiterate women. Similarly, women who got married before 18 years were 20% more likely accept physical violence in the family as a norm. Apart from these particular groups (richest, highly educated and married after 18 years), other groups had around 30% acceptance rate of household violence. For any successful attempt to reduce spousal physical violence in the traditional patriarchal society of Bangladesh, interventions must target the most vulnerable households and the geographical areas where women experience spousal violence. Although this paper focuses on women’s attitudes, it is important that any intervention scheme should be devised to target both men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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8. Assessing the link between witnessing inter-parental violence and the perpetration of intimate partner violence in Bangladesh.
- Author
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Islam, Md. Jahirul, Rahman, Mosiur, Broidy, Lisa, Haque, Syed Emdadul, Yu Mon Saw, Nguyen Huu Chau Duc, Haque, Md. Nurruzzaman, Rahman, Md. Mostafizur, Islam, Md. Rafiqul, Mostofa, Md. Golam, Saw, Yu Mon, and Duc, Nguyen Huu Chau
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DOMESTIC violence ,INTIMATE partner violence ,HEALTH surveys ,PUBLIC health ,PARENT-child relationships ,PSYCHOLOGY of adult child abuse victims ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,PSYCHOLOGY of parents ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SEXUAL partners ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: We aimed to examine the influence of witnessing father-to-mother violence on: 1) perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV); and 2) endorsement of attitudes justifying wife beating in Bangladesh.Methods: This paper used data from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey. The analyses were based on the responses of 3374 ever-married men. Exposure to IPV was determined by men's self-reports of witnessing inter-parental violence in childhood. We used adjusted binary logistic regression models to assess the influence of exposure on husbands' perpetration of IPV and their endorsement of attitudes justifying wife beating.Results: Nearly 60% of men reported violent behaviour towards an intimate partner and 35.7% endorsed attitudes justifying spousal abuse. Men who witnessed father-to-mother violence had higher odds of reporting any physical or sexual IPV (adjusted OR [AOR] = 3.26; 95% CI = 2.61, 4.06). Men who had witnessed father-to-mother violence were also 1.34 times (95% CI = 1.08, 1.65) more likely endorse attitudes justifying spousal abuse.Conclusions: Committing violence against an intimate partner is an all too frequent practice among men in Bangladesh. The study indicated that men who had witnessed father-to-mother violence were more likley to perpetrate IPV, suggesting an intergenerational transmission of violence. This transmission of violence may operate through the learning and modelling of attitudes favourable to spousal abuse. In support of this, witnnessing inter-parental violence was also associated with the endorsement of attitudes justifying spousal abuse. Our findings indicate the continued importance of efforts to identify and assist boys who have witnessed domestic violence and suggest such efforts should aim to change not just behaviours but also attitudes that facilitate such violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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9. Determinants of Salivary Cotinine among Smokeless Tobacco Users: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Bangladesh.
- Author
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Huque, Rumana, Shah, Sarwat, Mushtaq, Nasir, and Siddiqi, Kamran
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COTININE ,SMOKELESS tobacco ,SALIVA analysis ,NICOTINE addiction ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors - Abstract
Introduction: More than 80% of all smokeless tobacco (ST) products in the world are consumed in South Asia; yet little is known about their consumption behaviour, addictiveness, and toxic properties. This paper, for the first time, describes associations between salivary cotinine concentrations among ST users in Bangladesh and their socio-demographic characteristics and tobacco use behaviours. Methods: In a survey of ST users in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we purposively recruited 200 adults who were non-smokers but consumed ST on a regular basis. In-person interviews were conducted to obtain information about socio-demographic and ST use behaviours, and saliva samples were collected to measure cotinine concentration. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to test associations between the log transformed salivary cotinine concentration and other study variables. Results: The geometric mean of cotinine concentration among ST users was 380ng/ml (GSD:2). Total duration of daily ST use in months had a statistically significant association with cotinine concentration. Other ST use characteristics including type and quantity of ST use, swallowing of tobacco juice, urges and strength of urges and attempts to cut down on tobacco use were not found to be associated with cotinine concentration in a multivariable model. Conclusion: This is the first report from Bangladesh studying cotinine concentration among ST users and it points towards high levels of addiction. This warrants effective tobacco control policies to help ST cessation and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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10. Effect of a food supplementation and psychosocial stimulation trial for severely malnourished children on the level of maternal depressive symptoms in Bangladesh.
- Author
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Nahar, B., Hossain, I., Hamadani, J. D., Ahmed, T., Grantham‐McGregor, S., and Persson, L.‐A.
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ANALYSIS of covariance ,MALNUTRITION ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CHI-squared test ,CHILD nutrition ,CLINICAL trials ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,COUNSELING ,MENTAL depression ,DIETARY supplements ,MOTHERS ,PLAY therapy ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,DATA analysis software ,CHILDREN ,PSYCHOLOGY ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background Maternal depression is associated with poor child development and growth in low-income countries. This paper evaluates the effect of a community-based trial providing psychosocial stimulation and food supplements to severely malnourished children on maternal depressive symptoms in Bangladesh. Methods Severely underweight (weight-for-age Z-score < −3) hospitalized children aged 6-24 months ( n = 507), were randomly assigned to: psychosocial stimulation ( PS), food supplementation ( FS), PS+ FS, clinic control ( CC) and hospital control ( CH) at discharge. PS included play sessions with children and parental counselling to mothers during fortnightly follow-up visit at community clinics, conducted by trained play leaders for 6 months. FS involved cereal-based supplements (150-300 kcal/day) for 3 months. All groups received medical care, micronutrient supplements and growth monitoring. We used Bayley scales, Home Observation for Measurement of Environment ( HOME) inventory and a parenting questionnaire to assess child development, home stimulation and mothers' child-rearing practices, respectively. We assessed mothers' depressive symptoms using a modified version of Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at baseline and at 6 months post intervention. Results Maternal depressive symptoms were significantly lower in the CH group at baseline ( P = 0.014). After 6 months of intervention there was no significant effect of intervention after adjusting for baseline scores and all possible confounders. Maternal depressive symptoms were higher among poorer ( P = 0.06), older ( P = 0.057) and less educated ( P = 0.019) mothers, who were housewives ( P = 0.053), and whose husbands had more unstable jobs ( P = 0.058). At 6 months post intervention, children's cognitive ( P = 0.045) and motor ( P = 0.075) development, HOME ( P = 0.012) and mother's parenting score ( P = 0.057) were higher among mothers with lower depressive symptoms. Conclusion The study did not show a significant effect of the intervention on the level of maternal depressive symptoms. Interventions with higher intensity and/or of longer duration focusing directly on maternal psychosocial functioning are probably needed to reduce maternal depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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11. How Do Capital Asset Interactions Affect Livelihood Sensitivity to Climatic Stresses? Insights From the Northeastern Floodplains of Bangladesh.
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Tuihedur Rahman, H.M., Hickey, Gordon M., Robinson, Brian E., and Ford, James D.
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MANAGEMENT of capital , *CLIMATE change , *COMMUNITIES , *FLOODPLAINS , *SUSTAINABILITY , *SURVEYS , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper offers a novel methodological approach for better understanding how different capital assets can be organized, transformed, and used in different combinations to reduce livelihood sensitivity to climatic stresses – an area that requires greater research attention in the context of adaptation policy. Research was conducted in the northeastern floodplain communities of Bangladesh, regarded as one of the most climate sensitive, resource poor, and highly understudied areas of the country. This wetland-dominated ecosystem is home to diverse resources user groups (e.g., farmer and fisher) who are subjected to regular seasonal flooding, excessive rainfall, drought, and flash floods. Working in 12 adjacent villages of two significant wetlands (Hakaluki haor and Tanguar haor ), qualitative and quantitative data were collected through 15 focus groups ( n = 15), 35 key informant interviews, and 356 household surveys to better understand how community members adapt in response to their livelihood sensitivity to the climatic stresses. Results indicate that community members organize and transform capital assets in diverse ways to escape climate-induced “poverty traps”. Findings also reveal that interventions from external agencies (e.g., government, non-governmental organizations and market institutions) are an important key to livelihood sustainability for many households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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12. Impact of hospital delivery on child mortality: An analysis of adolescent mothers in Bangladesh.
- Author
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Pal, Sarmistha
- Subjects
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CHILDBIRTH & psychology , *CHILD mortality , *TEENAGE mothers , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *HOSPITAL birthing centers , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
New medical inventions for saving young lives are not enough if these do not reach the children and the mother. The present paper provides new evidence that institutional delivery can significantly lower child mortality risks, because it ensures effective and timely access to modern diagnostics and medical treatments to save lives. We exploit the exogenous variation in community's access to local health facilities (both traditional and modern) before and after the completion of the ‘Women's Health Project’ in 2005 (that enhanced emergency obstetric care in women friendly environment) to identify the causal effect of hospital delivery on various mortality rates among children. Our best estimates come from the parents fixed effects models that help limiting any parents-level omitted variable estimation bias. Using 2007 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey data from about 6000 children born during 2002–2007, we show that, ceteris paribus, access to family welfare clinic particularly boosted hospital delivery likelihood, which in turn lowered neo-natal, early and infant mortality rates. The beneficial effect was particularly pronouncedamong adolescent mothers after the completion of Women's Health Project in 2005; infant mortality for this cohort was more than halved when delivery took place in a health facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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13. Living-in-history effect in the dating of important autobiographical memories.
- Author
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Islam, Azharul and Haque, Shamsul
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MEMORY ,AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL memory ,WAR ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,AGE distribution ,GROUP identity ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PSYCHOLOGY of veterans ,SPECIAL days ,THEORY ,CONTENT analysis - Abstract
The tendency of a person to frequently use public (i.e., historical) events as temporal landmarks when dating personal memories is termed the living-in-history (LiH) effect. We investigated the LiH effect in autobiographical memories of Bangladeshi older adults who lived through the 1960s Bengali nationalist movement and the 1971 Bangladesh War of Independence. 476 participants (mean age = 67.16 years; SD = 5.96 years), including 62 independence war veterans, retrieved and dated three important memories from their life and completed two scales: (a) a transitional impact-of-war scale and (b) a generational identity scale. Results showed that nearly one-third of the total memories (32%) were dated using public event references, demonstrating a LiH effect. However, this effect was twice as strong among veterans (58%) than among nonveterans (28%). The memory content analysis revealed that public event references were mostly used to date public memories (e.g., war and political struggle) and the memories with negative valence. Multivariate analyses showed that veteran identity, material changes due to war and participants' age significantly predicted the use of public event references to date one, two or three memories relative to no use of those references. The public memories that were personally significant and the extent participants experienced the material changes due to war mainly caused the LiH effect. We discuss the results considering current theories of autobiographical memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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14. Psychological status of mass people in the capital city of Bangladesh during COVID‐19: Do home quarantine challenges matter?
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Rahman, Md. Mizanur and Rahaman, Md. Saidur
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QUARANTINE ,COVID-19 - Abstract
This study aimed to identify the impact of home quarantine challenges on the psychological status of mass people during Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) in the capital city (Dhaka) of Bangladesh. A highly organized questionnaire was created in "Google Form" and given to respondents at random via multiple social media sites, including WhatsApp, LinkedIn, and Messenger. However, a sample size of 208 people was taken and analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Analysis of a Moment Structures software. Analysis showed that home quarantine challenges are positively related to the psychological status and home quarantine challenges have a significant impact on psychological status during COVID‐19. In Bangladesh, the major challenges to home quarantine are lack of consciousness, lack of medical support, and the possibility of losing their current jobs. This study provides insight into the challenges of home quarantine and the psychological status of Bangladeshi people. The findings may be helpful for policymakers in identifying necessary measures to overcome these challenges. Only Dhaka division was taken out of seven divisions in Bangladesh to conduct this study, which might be difficult to generalize the findings of this study. Thus, in the future, it is suggested that more respondents from other divisions need to be covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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15. Referral outcomes of individuals identified at high risk of cardiovascular disease by community health workers in Bangladesh, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa.
- Author
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Levitt, Naomi S., Puoane, Thandi, Denman, Catalina A., Abrahams-Gessel, Shafika, Surka, Sam, Mendoza, Carlos, Khanam, Masuma, Alam, Sartaj, and Gaziano, Thomas A.
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CARDIOVASCULAR disease diagnosis ,HYPERTENSION ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,COMMUNITY health workers ,PATIENT aftercare ,MEDICAL appointments ,MEDICAL care costs ,MEDICAL referrals ,RISK assessment ,TRUST ,QUALITATIVE research ,ELECTRONIC health records ,MIDDLE-income countries ,LOW-income countries ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
We have found that community health workers (CHWs) with appropriate training are able to accurately identify people at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the community who would benefit from the introduction of preventative management, in Bangladesh, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa. This paper examines the attendance pattern for those individuals who were so identified and referred to a health care facility for further assessment and management. Patient records from the health centres in each site were reviewed for data on diagnoses made and treatment commenced. Reasons for non-attendance were sought from participants who had not attended after being referred. Qualitative data were collected from study coordinators regarding their experiences in obtaining the records and conducting the record reviews. The perspectives of CHWs and community members, who were screened, were also obtained. Thirty-seven percent (96/263) of those referred attended follow-up: 36 of 52 (69%) were urgent and 60 of 211 (28.4%) were non-urgent referrals. A diagnosis of hypertension (HTN) was made in 69% of urgent referrals and 37% of non-urgent referrals with treatment instituted in all cases. Reasons for non-attendance included limited self-perception of risk, associated costs, health system obstacles, and lack of trust in CHWs to conduct CVD risk assessments and to refer community members into the health system. The existing barriers to referral in the health care systems negatively impact the gains to be had through screening by training CHWs in the use of a simple risk assessment tool. The new diagnoses of HTN and commencement on treatment in those that attended referrals underscores the value of having persons at the highest risk identified in the community setting and referred to a clinic for further evaluation and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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16. Socioeconomic patterns of smoking cessation behavior in low and middle-income countries: Emerging evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Surveys and International Tobacco Control Surveys.
- Author
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Nargis, Nigar, Yong, Hua-Hie, Driezen, Pete, Mbulo, Lazarous, Zhao, Luhua, Fong, Geoffrey T., Thompson, Mary E., Borland, Ron, Palipudi, Krishna M., Giovino, Gary A., Thrasher, James F., and Siahpush, Mohammad
- Subjects
SMOKING cessation ,MIDDLE-income countries ,TOBACCO ,TOBACCO taxes ,SMOKING ,META-analysis ,MULTIVARIABLE testing ,RURAL population - Abstract
Introduction: Tobacco smoking is often more prevalent among those with lower socio-economic status (SES) in high-income countries, which can be driven by the inequalities in initiation and cessation of smoking. Smoking is a leading contributor to socio-economic disparities in health. To date, the evidence for any socio-economic inequality in smoking cessation is lacking, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examined the association between cessation behaviours and SES of smokers from eight LMICs. Methods: Data among former and current adult smokers aged 18 and older came from contemporaneous Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (2008–2011) and the International Tobacco Control Surveys (2009–2013) conducted in eight LMICs (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand and Uruguay). Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of successful quitting in the past year by SES indicators (household income/wealth, education, employment status, and rural-urban residence) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression controlling for socio-demographics and average tobacco product prices. A random effects meta-analysis was used to combine the estimates of AORs pooled across countries and two concurrent surveys for each country. Results: Estimated quit rates among smokers (both daily and occasional) varied widely across countries. Meta-analysis of pooled AORs across countries and data sources indicated that there was no clear evidence of an association between SES indicators and successful quitting. The only exception was employed smokers, who were less likely to quit than their non-employed counterparts, which included students, homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed (pooled AOR≈0.8, p<0.10). Conclusion: Lack of clear evidence of the impact of lower SES on adult cessation behaviour in LMICs suggests that lower-SES smokers are not less successful in their attempts to quit than their higher-SES counterparts. Specifically, lack of employment, which is indicative of younger age and lower nicotine dependence for students, or lower personal disposable income and lower affordability for the unemployed and the retirees, may be associated with quitting. Raising taxes and prices of tobacco products that lowers affordability of tobacco products might be a key strategy for inducing cessation behaviour among current smokers and reducing overall tobacco consumption. Because low-SES smokers are more sensitive to price increases, tobacco taxation policy can induce disproportionately larger decreases in tobacco consumption among them and help reduce socio-economic disparities in smoking and consequent health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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17. Prevailing familial, social and cultural obstacles in keeping tobacco-free homes in urban areas of Bangladesh: A mixed-method study.
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Haque, Md. Imdadul, Chowdhury, ABM Alauddin, Hassan, Muhammad Shaikh, Khan, Hafiz T. A., and Harun, Md. Golam Dostogir
- Subjects
METROPOLITAN areas ,DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics ,MANNERS & customs ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,TOBACCO smoke ,PUBLIC spaces - Abstract
Background: Millions of children and others across the world are being dangerously exposed to tobacco smoke and toxins in their own homes. Whilst there is limited interest in laws and interventions controlling tobacco use in public places in Bangladesh, no attention has been given to preventing tobacco-use inside homes. This study explores the familial and socio-cultural factors that provide obstacles for ensuring tobacco-free homes in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A mixed-method design was adopted and from among the 1,436 tobacco users identified in a population of 11,853, 400 (tobacco users) were selected for cross-sectional survey. This survey involved a probability proportional sampling procedure, and 24 In-Depth Interviews. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the association of familial and socio-cultural factors with tobacco-use at home adjusted by other demographic characteristics. Thematic content analysis was done on the qualitative data, and then inferences were drawn out collectively. Results: This study revealed that the prevalence of tobacco-use in the home was 25.7% in urban residential areas in Bangladesh. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that familial and socio-cultural factors were significantly associated with tobacco-use at home: marital status (OR 3.23, 95% CI: 1.37–6.61), education (OR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.15–3.99), smoking habits of older family members (OR 1.81 95% CI: 0.91–2.89), tobacco being offered as hospitality and for entertainment (OR 1.85, 95% CI: .94–2.95) and lack of religiosity practice (OR 2.39, 95% CI: 1.27–4.54). Qualitative findings indicated that social customs, lack of religious practice, tobacco-use of older family members, and lack of family guidance were key obstacles for enabling tobacco-free homes in urban areas. Conclusion: Use of tobacco at home is continuing as part of established familial and socio-cultural traditions. If tobacco-use at home is not addressed seriously by the authorities then the emerging threat of second-hand smoke exposure and harmful consequences of tobacco- use will be exacerbated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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18. The double burden of under- and overnutrition among Bangladeshi women: Socioeconomic and community-level inequalities.
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Rahman, Md. Aminur, Rahman, Md. Mosfequr, Rahman, Md. Mosiur, and Jesmin, Syeda S.
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DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,ARITHMETIC mean ,BODY mass index ,QUANTILE regression ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ODDS ratio ,EQUALITY - Abstract
Background: The prevalence of overweightness in Bangladesh is increasing, while underweightness also continues to persist. A better understanding of the patterns and socioeconomic risk factors of both conditions, particularly among women, is critical in order to promote the development of interventions to improve maternal health in Bangladesh. This study therefore sought to assess the patterns of under- and overweightness between 2004 and 2014 and to examine the predictors of individual and community-level inequalities of under- and overnutrition in Bangladesh. Methods: Cross-sectional data of 10, 431, and 16,478 ever-married nonpregnant women aged between 15 and 49 years who did not give birth in the two months preceding the survey were extracted from the 2004 and 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys, respectively. Body mass index was used to measure weight status, and underweightness, at-risk for overweightness, overweightness, and obesity were the main outcome variables. Patterns of nutritional change over time was examined by considering the annual average rate of change. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression and quantile regression were used to identify the inequalities. Results: In 2014, the age-adjusted prevalence values of underweightness, at-risk for overweightness, overweightness, and obesity were 19.7%, 14.9%, 18.1% and 4.0%, respectively. A higher average annual rate of reduction of underweightness was found among wealthier, highly educated, and wealthier community–living women, while a rate of increase of overweightness was found among poorer, uneducated, and poor community–living women. Individual and community-level inequalities of malnutrition were observed among these populations. In comparison with women living in low wealth communities, women from wealthier communities were at an increased risk of being at-risk for overweightness [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–1.91], overweight (AOR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.27–2.00), and obese (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.42–3.18). Conclusions: This study suggests the coexistence of a double burden of under- and overnutrition in Bangladesh and that the prevalence of overweightness surpasses that of underweightness. The burdens of under- and overnutrition are strongly associated with women’s individual socioeconomic positions and the nature of the community in which they live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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19. Changes in inequality of childhood morbidity in Bangladesh 1993-2014: A decomposition analysis.
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Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Alam, Khorshed, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sultana, Marufa, Sheikh, Nurnabi, Rawal, Lal B., and Gow, Jeff
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MEDICAL care ,MALNUTRITION ,CHILDREN ,EQUALITY ,DISEASES ,DEMOGRAPHIC surveys - Abstract
Introduction: Child health remains an important public health concern at the global level, with preventable diseases such as diarrheal disease, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and fever posing a large public health burden in low- and middle-income countries including Bangladesh. Improvements in socio-economic conditions have tended to benefit advantaged groups in societies, which has resulted in widespread inequalities in health outcomes. This study examined how socioeconomic inequality is associated with childhood morbidity in Bangladesh, and identified the factors affecting three illnesses: diarrhea, ARI and fever. Materials and methods: A total of 43,860 sample observations from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, spanning a 22-year period (1993–2014), were analysed. Concentration curve and concentration index methods were used to evaluate changes in the degree of household wealth-related inequalities and related trends in childhood morbidity. Regression-based decomposition analyses were used to attribute the inequality disparities to individual determinants for the three selected causes of childhood morbidity. Results: The overall magnitude of inequality in relation to childhood morbidity has been declining slowly over the 22-year period. The magnitude of socio-economic inequality as a cause of childhood morbidity varied during the period. Decomposition analyses attributed the inequalities to poor maternal education attainment, inadequate pre-delivery care, adverse chronic undernutrition status and low immunisation coverage. Conclusions: High rates of childhood morbidity were observed, although these have declined over time. Socio-economic inequality is strongly associated with childhood morbidity. Socio-economically disadvantaged communities need to be assisted and interventions should emphasise improvements of, and easier access to, health care services. These will be key to improving the health status of children in Bangladesh and should reduce economic inequality through improved health over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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20. Does mobile phone survey method matter? Reliability of computer-assisted telephone interviews and interactive voice response non-communicable diseases risk factor surveys in low and middle income countries.
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Pariyo, George W., Greenleaf, Abigail R., Gibson, Dustin G., Ali, Joseph, Selig, Hannah, Labrique, Alain B., Al Kibria, Gulam Muhammed, Khan, Iqbal Ansary, Masanja, Honorati, Flora, Meerjady Sabrina, Ahmed, Saifuddin, and Hyder, Adnan A.
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DISEASE risk factors ,MIDDLE-income countries ,LOW-income countries ,CANDIDATUS diseases ,MOBILE health ,TELEPHONE interviewing ,CELL phones - Abstract
Introduction: Increased mobile phone subscribership in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) provides novel opportunities to track population health. The objective of this study was to examine reliability of data in comparing participant responses collected using two mobile phone survey (MPS) delivery modalities, computer assisted telephone interviews (CATI) and interactive voice response (IVR) in Bangladesh (BGD) and Tanzania (TZA). Methods: Using a cross-over design, we used random digit dialing (RDD) to call randomly generated mobile phone numbers and recruit survey participants to receive either a CATI or IVR survey on non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors, followed 7 days later by the survey mode not received during first contact; either IVR or CATI. Respondents who received the first survey were designated as first contact (FC) and those who consented to being called a second time and subsequently answered the call were designated as follow-up (FU). We used the same questionnaire for both contacts, with response options modified to suit the delivery mode. Reliability of responses was analyzed using the Cohen’s kappa statistic for percent agreement between two modes. Results: Self-reported data on demographic characteristics and NCD behavioral risk factors were collected from 482 (CATI-FC) and 653 (IVR-FC) age-eligible and consenting respondents in BGD, and from 387 (CATI-FC) and 674 (IVR-FC) respondents in TZA respectively. Survey follow-up rates were 30.7% (n = 482) for IVR-FU and 53.8% (n = 653) for CATI-FU in BGD; and 42.4% (n = 387) for IVR-FU and 49.9% (n = 674) for CATI-FU in TZA respectively. Overall, there was high consistency between delivery modalities for alcohol consumption in the past 30 days in both countries (kappa = 0.64 for CATI→IVR (BGD), kappa = 0.54 for IVR→CATI (BGD); kappa = 0.66 for CATI→IVR (TZA), kappa = 0.76 for IVR→CATI (TZA)), and current smoking (kappa = 0.68 for CATI→IVR (BGD), kappa = 0.69 for IVR→CATI (BGD); kappa = 0.39 for CATI→IVR (TZA), kappa = 0.50 for IVR→CATI (TZA)). There was moderate to substantial consistency in both countries for history of checking for hypertension and diabetes with kappa statistics ranging from 0.43 to 0.67. There was generally lower consistency in both countries for physical activity (vigorous and moderate) with kappa statistics ranging from 0.10 to 0.41, weekly fruit and vegetable with kappa ranging from 0.08 to 0.45, consumption of foods high in salt and efforts to limit salt with kappa generally below 0.3. Conclusions: The study found that when respondents are re-interviewed, the reliability of answers to most demographic and NCD variables is similar whether starting with CATI or IVR. The study underscores the need for caution when selecting questions for mobile phone surveys. Careful design can help ensure clarity of questions to minimize cognitive burden for respondents, many of whom may not have prior experience in taking automated surveys. Further research should explore possible differences and determinants of survey reliability between delivery modes and ideally compare both IVR and CATI surveys to in-person face-to-face interviews. In addition, research is needed to better understand factors that influence survey cooperation, completion, refusal and attrition rates across populations and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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21. Drug use among British Bangladeshis in London: a macro-structural perspective focusing on disadvantages contributing to individuals' drug use trajectories and engagement with treatment services.
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Mantovani, Nadia and Evans, Clare
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SUBSTANCE abuse treatment ,SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors ,CRACK cocaine ,FRIENDSHIP ,HEROIN ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,SEX distribution ,SHAME ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL stigma ,PATIENT participation ,ASIANS ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,TREATMENT programs ,WELL-being ,PSYCHOLOGY of drug abusers ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Aims: The main aim of our study was to produce an understanding of factors contributing to drug-using trajectories among men and women from a Bangladeshi background living in East London. Methods: Fifteen semi-structured, one-to-one interviews were conducted with male and female Bangladeshi drug users accessing treatment services. A macro-structural lens was adopted to interpret participants' accounts of their drug use and explored the intersecting factors that at a micro, meso, and macro level impacted on their drug-using trajectories. Findings: Problem drug use (heroin and crack cocaine) among participants was the result of inter-related factors such as their friendship networks and the embeddedness of drugs in drug-using networks, the structural disadvantages participants experienced, and the need for concealment of their drug use which impacted on participants' effective utilisation of drug treatment services. Problem drug use was a functional way of responding to and dealing with social, economic, and cultural disconnection from mainstream institutions as participants faced severe multiple disadvantages engendering stigma and shame. Conclusions: We propose a 'life-focused' intervention aimed at creating extra opportunities and making critically-needed resources available in the marginalised environment of the study's participants, which are key to restoring and maintaining agency and sustaining well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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22. Tuberculosis and the sexual and reproductive lives of women in Bangladesh.
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Barua, Mrittika, Van Driel, Francien, and Jansen, Willy
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TUBERCULOSIS diagnosis ,WOMEN ,SEXUAL intercourse ,HUMAN reproduction ,TUBERCULOSIS treatment - Abstract
When they do not meet norms related to sexuality and reproduction, Bangladeshi women often face abandonment and are thus deprived of an active sexual life, a marital relationship, and motherhood. Little is known about how a stigmatised disease such as tuberculosis (TB) may constrain the reproductive health and sexual lives of women. This article, derived from a larger study on the impact of TB on women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights in Narsingdi district and Dhaka, Bangladesh, aims to fill this gap. Based on interviews with nine married women who have or had TB, four husbands, and two mothers-in-law, this article highlights that the ways in which TB impedes on the sexual and reproductive lives of women depends on the stigma within their family and community, their relationships with their husbands, motherhood, their living arrangements, their economic contribution to the family and/or their disclosure of their TB diagnosis. Women with children and supportive husbands retain a stronger position among their in-laws and are less likely to be isolated or rejected. The patients’ narratives revealed that the instructions of health workers influenced their decisions about intercourse or abstinence. Future studies should examine the instructions patients receive from health workers regarding their living and sleeping arrangements, sexual intercourse, and pregnancy, as well as policy documents on TB treatment and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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23. Factors influencing the uptake of a mass media intervention to improve child feeding in Bangladesh.
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Kim, Sunny S., Nguyen, Phuong H., Roopnaraine, Terry, Saha, Kuntal K., Bhuiyan, Mahbubul I., and Menon, Purnima
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INFANT nutrition ,BREASTFEEDING promotion ,CHI-squared test ,HEALTH promotion ,INTERVIEWING ,MASS media ,RESEARCH methodology ,RESEARCH funding ,TELEVISION ,QUALITATIVE research ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: Mass media are increasingly used to deliver health messages to promote social and behaviour change, but there has been little evidence of mass media use for improving a set of child feeding practices, other than campaigns to promote breastfeeding. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing the uptake of infant and young child feeding messages promoted in TV spots that were launched and aired nationwide in Bangladesh. We conducted a mixed‐methods study, using household surveys (n = 2,000) and semistructured interviews (n = 251) with mothers of children 0–23.9 months and other household members. Factors associated with TV spot viewing and comprehension were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models, and interview transcripts were analysed by systematic coding and iterative summaries. Exposure ranged from 36% to 62% across 6 TV spots, with comprehension ranging from 33% to 96% among those who viewed the spots. Factors associated with comprehension of TV spot messages included younger maternal age and receipt of home visits by frontline health workers. Three direct narrative spots showed correct message recall and strong believability, identification, and feasibility of practicing the recommended behaviours. Two spots that used a metaphorical and indirect narrative style were not well understood by respondents. Understanding the differences in the uptake factors may help to explain variability of impacts and ways to improve the design and implementation of mass media strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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24. Digital aspirations: ‘wrong‐number’ mobile‐phone relationships and experimental ethics among women entrepreneurs in rural Bangladesh.
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Huang, Julia Qermezi
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BUSINESSWOMEN ,RURAL women ,BUSINESSPEOPLE ,GENDER inequality -- Social aspects ,ETHICS ,PSYCHOLOGY ,CONDUCT of life - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
25. Networks, social ties, and informal employment of Bangladeshi street children.
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Reza, Hasan
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EMPLOYEE selection ,EMPLOYMENT ,HOMELESS persons ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIAL networks ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Despite a plethora of research on the lives of street children globally, little is known about how they find employment in competitive, informal economies in developing countries. To understand how children connect to informal jobs through street relationships, 75 street children ranging from 10 to 17 years old were interviewed in three sites in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Findings show that social networks play a crucial role in finding work. Network ties help children find new jobs, as network members provide job information, recommend friends or acquaintances to employers, and persuade the employers to hire them. Friends often voluntarily train those who are self-employed in the informal service sectors or those who intend to switch to a new job. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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26. Implementation considerations when expanding health worker roles to include safe abortion care: a five-country case study synthesis.
- Author
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Glenton, Claire, Sorhaindo, Annik M., Ganatra, Bela, and Lewin, Simon
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MEDICAL personnel ,ABORTION laws ,ABORTION clinics ,PREGNANCY ,MEDICAL education ,ABORTION ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CLINICAL competence ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MEDICAL quality control ,PATIENT safety ,RESEARCH funding ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Allowing a broader range of trained health workers to deliver services can be an important way of improving access to safe abortion care. However, the expansion of health worker roles may be challenging to implement. This study aimed to explore factors influencing the implementation of role expansion strategies for non-physician providers to include the delivery of abortion care.Methods: We conducted a multi-country case study synthesis in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nepal, South Africa and Uruguay, where the roles of non-physician providers have been formally expanded to include the provision of abortion care. We searched for documentation from each country related to non-physician providers, abortion care services and role expansion through general internet searches, Google Scholar and PubMed, and gathered feedback from 12 key informants. We carried out a thematic analysis of the data, drawing on categories from the SURE Framework of factors affecting the implementation of policy options.Results: Several factors appeared to affect the successful implementation of including non-physician providers to provide abortion care services. These included health workers' knowledge about abortion legislation and services; and health workers' willingness to provide abortion care. Health workers' willingness appeared to be influenced by their personal views about abortion, the method of abortion and stage of pregnancy and their perceptions of their professional roles. While managers' and co-workers' attitudes towards the use of non-physician providers varied, the synthesis suggests that female clients focused less on the type of health worker and more on factors such as trust, privacy, cost, and closeness to home. Health systems factors also played a role, including workloads and incentives, training, supervision and support, supplies, referral systems, and monitoring and evaluation. Strategies used, with varying success, to address some of these issues in the study countries included values clarification workshops, health worker rotation, access to emotional support for health workers, the incorporation of abortion care services into pre-service curricula, and in-service training strategies.Conclusions: To increase the likelihood of success for role expansion strategies in the area of safe abortion, programme planners must consider how to ensure motivation, support and reasonable working conditions for affected health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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27. Fundamental perceptions about palliative care among young generations living in Dhaka city, Bangladesh: A short survey.
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Mahmudur Rahman, A. H. M. and Khan, Hasan Asjad
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PALLIATIVE treatment ,HEALTH attitudes ,SURVEYS ,CROSS-sectional method ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background:Palliative care is the practical care which seeks toward maximization of quality of life intended for people and families in front of life-threatening illnesses. Though the concept of palliative care is not new, still it is not eminent in Bangladesh. As young generations are future representatives of any society, their basic concepts and knowledge should be clear and broad. Objective:The endeavor of the study was to ascertain the level of basic concepts and knowledge of young generations living in Dhaka city, Bangladesh about palliative care. Method:A cross-sectional survey study of young adults (those are living in Dhaka city, Bangladesh) was conducted from April 2016 to November 2016. Information regarding their knowledge and concepts was collected by self-made questionnaire by literature review. Results: The study was conducted with the total number of 3152 young adults (n = 3152). Among them 55.01% were male and 44.98% were female. It was found that their age range was between 20 and 28 and most of them (n = 1643) were between 23 and 25 years. It was also found that 40.31% knew about the concept of palliative care and 62% of their information source was Internet and 14% from books and 8% from health professionals and 12% from mass media and 4% others. And a larger portion of them which was 59.69%, did not know the concept of palliative care. Among those 40.31% young adults who knew about palliative care, 46% believed their concepts were clear about palliative care and 54% thought their concepts were not clear. And astoundingly 78% assumed that palliative care only deals with cancer patients. It is important to notice in the study that, young males are comparatively more aware then young females. Conclusion:The findings reveal that most of the young adults living in Dhaka city do not have clear concepts and knowledge about palliative care. There should be more awareness-related programs on this aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
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28. Physical inactivity and self-reported depression among middle- and older-aged population in South Asia: World health survey.
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Bishwajit, Ghose, O'Leary, Daniel Peter, Ghosh, Sharmistha, Yaya, Sanni, Tang Shangfeng, Zhanchun Feng, Shangfeng, Tang, and Feng, Zhanchun
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MENTAL health of older people ,SEDENTARY behavior ,MENTAL depression ,LIFESTYLES ,PHYSICAL activity ,EXERCISE & psychology ,EXERCISE ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SELF-evaluation ,SURVEYS ,WORLD health ,ASIANS ,CROSS-sectional method ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: With the increase in the understanding of the influence of various lifestyle factors such as sedentary behaviour and level of physical activity (PA) on physical and mental health, there has been a growing research interest on how physical inactivity correlates with depressive outcomes across countries. The present study aimed to examine 1) the pattern of engaging in PA among middle- and older-aged population in four South Asian countries, and 2) whether PA is associated with higher prevalence of depression.Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on country-representative data obtained from WHO's World Health Survey (WHS). Subjects were 7204 men and women aged above 50 years from Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka, all of which are classified as Low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) in World Bank reports. Outcome variables were self-ported depression (SRD) and ever being diagnosed with depression. Association between frequency of moderate (MPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) and depression was analysed by multivariable regression methods.Result: Prevalence of self-reported depression was respectively 47.7%, 40.3%, 40.4% and 11.4% in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Prevalence of being ever diagnosed with depression was highest in Nepal (38.7%), followed by India (17.7%), Bangladesh (2.5%) and Sri Lanka (2%). Multivariable analysis shown statistically significant association between PA and diagnosed depression in Bangladesh and India, but not with SRD. In Bangladesh, compared to those who reported engaging in MPA on daily basis, the odds of reporting diagnosed depression were more than five times higher [AOR = 5.512; 95% CI = 1.159-26.21] for those who never took MPA. In India, those never took VPA had 44% higher [AOR = 1.442; 95% CI = 1.046-1.987] odds of being diagnosed with depression compared those who never engaged in VPA.Conclusion: Lower frequency of vigorous physical activity were significantly associated with higher rates of depression diagnosed. Based on the findings, it is recommendable that health programs targeting mental health among middle- and older-aged population take steps to promote the level of PA within a multi-dimensional depression prevention framework. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the role of vigorous and moderate physical activity on the onset and intervention of depression among elderly population in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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29. The effectiveness of introducing Group Prenatal Care (GPC) in selected health facilities in a district of Bangladesh: study protocol.
- Author
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Sultana, Marufa, Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Ali, Nausad, Ahmed, Sayem, Islam, Ziaul, Khan, Jahangir A. M., and Sarker, Abdur Razzaque
- Subjects
PRENATAL care ,HEALTH facilities ,MATERNAL mortality ,NEONATAL mortality ,PUBLIC health ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DELIVERY (Obstetrics) ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH protocols ,RESEARCH ,MIDWIFERY ,QUALITATIVE research ,GROUP process ,EVALUATION research ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Despite high rates of antenatal care and relatively good access to health facilities, maternal and neonatal mortality remain high in Bangladesh. There is an immediate need for implementation of evidence-based, cost-effective interventions to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of the intervention namely Group Prenatal Care (GPC) on utilization of standard number of antenatal care, post natal care including skilled birth attendance and institutional deliveries instead of usual care.Methods: The study is quasi-experimental in design. We aim to recruit 576 pregnant women (288 interventions and 288 comparisons) less than 20 weeks of gestational age. The intervention will be delivered over around 6 months. The outcome measure is the difference in maternal service coverage including ANC and PNC coverage, skilled birth attendance and institutional deliveries between the intervention and comparison group.Discussion: Findings from the research will contribute to improve maternal and newborn outcome in our existing health system. Findings of the research can be used for planning a new strategy and improving the health outcome for Bangladeshi women. Finally addressing the maternal health goal, this study is able to contribute to strengthening health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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30. Experiencing Lifetime Domestic Violence: Associations with Mental Health and Stress among Pregnant Women in Rural Bangladesh: The MINIMat Randomized Trial.
- Author
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Ziaei, Shirin, Frith, Amy Lynn, Ekström, Eva-Charlotte, and Naved, Ruchira Tabassum
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PREGNANT women ,DOMESTIC violence ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,RURAL women ,PUBLIC health ,MENTAL health - Abstract
Background: Experience of domestic violence has negative mental health consequences for women. The association of cumulative and specific forms of domestic violence, particularly emotional violence and controlling behavior, with common mental disorders and stress has rarely been studied in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to evaluate associations of specific and multiple forms of lifetime domestic violence and controlling behavior with distress and cortisol level during pregnancy in rural Bangladeshi women. Methods and findings: In this observational sub-study of larger MINIMat trial, 3504 pregnant women were interviewed using a shortened Conflict Tactic Scale about their lifetime experience of domestic violence including physical, sexual, emotional domestic violence and controlling behavior. Women’s levels of emotional distress were assessed using the self-reported questionnaire (SRQ-20) developed by WHO, and levels of morning salivary cortisol were measured in a subsample (n = 1300) of women during week 28–32 of pregnancy. Regression analyses were used to estimate the associations of lifetime physical, sexual, emotional domestic violence and controlling behavior with levels of distress and cortisol during pregnancy. The prevalence of lifetime domestic violence was 57% and emotional distress was 35% in these pregnant women. All forms of domestic violence were associated with higher levels of emotional distress. Women who experienced either emotional violence or controlling behavior had the highest levels of emotional distress. There was a dose-response relationship between cumulative number of the different forms of domestic violence and women’s levels of emotional distress. There was no association between women’s experience of domestic violence and level of morning salivary cortisol. Conclusion: Including emotional violence and controlling behavior as major types of violence in future research and health interventions is warranted. Furthermore, the extent of the negative impacts of domestic violence on pregnant women, multiple forms of violence and their cumulative effects need to be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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31. 'I won't be able to go home being pregnant': sex work and pregnancy in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Author
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Katz, Karen R., McDowell, Misti, Johnson, Laura, and Aziz, Sultana
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SEX workers ,PREGNANCY ,CONCEPTION ,PHYSIOLOGY ,WORK ethic ,CONDOMS ,CONTRACEPTION ,INTERVIEWING ,HUMAN sexuality ,FAMILY planning ,SEXUAL partners ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Culture, Health & Sexuality is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Arsenicosis and stigmatisation.
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Kabir, Rasel, Titus Muurlink, Olav, and Hossain, M. Amir
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HEALTH promotion ,SOCIAL isolation ,ARSENIC poisoning ,HEALTH status indicators ,NONPROFIT organizations ,SOCIAL stigma ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DISEASE complications ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Arsenicosis is believed to have debilitating effects on social relations, but with arsenic poisoning previously associated directly with economic and cognitive impacts, the degree to which stigmatisation is influenced by socio-economic or health status has not been established in the literature.Based on face-to-face interviews with 100 arsenic outpatients from specialist arsenic clinics in rural Bangladesh, this study represents an early quantitative analysis of factors predicting social impacts of arsenicosis. Physical health status, average years of schooling, family size and the presence of non-government organisation (NGO) and government-run arsenic-awareness campaigns significantly predicted social impacts. We found that the presence of awareness-raising activities was by far the most significant predictor of social impacts after other key variables, including gender and income, thus underscoring the importance of public health interventions in mitigating the impact of stigmatised diseases. The study confirms previous qualitative findings that ostracism is a pervasive problem for arsenicosis patients, and that public health interventions can be a valuable counter to such social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
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33. Economic inequality of the badli workers of Bangladesh: Contested entitlements and a 'perpetually temporary' life-world.
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Alamgir, Fahreen and Cairns, George
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EMPLOYMENT ,EMPLOYEE rights ,EMPLOYEE attitudes ,FOCUS groups ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,CASE studies ,PERSONNEL management ,WAGES ,WORK environment ,FIELD research ,NARRATIVES ,THEMATIC analysis ,PSYCHOLOGY - Published
- 2015
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34. The effect of participatory women’ s groups on infant feeding and child health knowledge, behaviour and outcomes in rural Bangladesh: a controlled before-and-after study.
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Younes, Leila, Houweling, Tanja A. J., Azad, Kishwar, Kuddus, Abdul, Shaha, Sanjit, Haq, Bedowra, Nahar, Tasmin, Hossen, Munir, Beard, James, Copas, Andrew, Prost, Audrey, Costello, Anthony, and Fottrell, Edward
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INFANT mortality ,INFANT health services ,MATERNAL & infant welfare ,CHILD health services ,CHILDREN'S health ,COMMUNITY health services ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EXERCISE ,HEALTH education ,HELP-seeking behavior ,INFANT care ,INFORMATION services ,SOCIAL participation ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PREVENTION - Abstract
Background: Despite efforts to reduce under-5 mortality rates worldwide, an estimated 6.6 million under-5 children die every year. Community mobilisation through participatory women’s groups has been shown to improve maternal and newborn health in rural settings, but little is known about the potential of this approach to improve care and health in children after the newborn period. Methods: Following on from a cluster-randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of participatory women’s groups on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in rural Bangladesh, 162 women’s groups continued to meet between April 2010 and December 2011 to identify, prioritise and address issues that affect the health of children under 5 years. A controlled before-and-after study design and difference-in-difference analysis was used to assess morbidity outcomes and changes in knowledge and practices related to child feeding, hygiene and care-seeking behaviour. Findings: Significant improvements were measured in mothers’ knowledge of disease prevention and management, danger signs and hand washing at critical times. Significant increases were seen in exclusive breast feeding for at least 6 months (15.3% (4.2% to 26.5%)), and mean duration of breast feeding (37.9 days (17.4 to 58.3)). Maternal reports of under-5 morbidities fell in intervention compared with control areas, including reports of fever (−10.5% (−15.1% to −6.0%)) and acute respiratory infections (−12.2% (−15.6% to −8.8%)). No differences were observed in dietary diversity scores or immunisation uptake. Conclusions: Community mobilisation through participatory women’s groups can be successfully adapted to address health knowledge and practice in relation to child’s health, leading to improvements in a number of child health indicators and behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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35. Impact of a Participatory Intervention with Women’s Groups on Psychological Distress among Mothers in Rural Bangladesh: Secondary Analysis of a Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial.
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Clarke, Kelly, Azad, Kishwar, Kuddus, Abdul, Shaha, Sanjit, Nahar, Tasmin, Aumon, Bedowra Haq, Hossen, Mohammed Munir, Beard, James, Costello, Anthony, Houweling, Tanja A. J., Prost, Audrey, and Fottrell, Edward
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PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,MOTHERS ,POSTPARTUM depression ,PERINATAL mood & anxiety disorders ,MENTAL health - Abstract
Background: Perinatal common mental disorders (PCMDs) are a major cause of disability among women and disproportionately affect lower income countries. Interventions to address PCMDs are urgently needed in these settings, and group-based and peer-led approaches are potential strategies to increase access to mental health interventions. Participatory women’s health groups led by local women previously reduced postpartum psychological distress in eastern India. We assessed the effect of a similar intervention on postpartum psychological distress in rural Bangladesh. Method: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial with 18 clusters and an estimated population of 532,996. Nine clusters received an intervention comprising monthly meetings during which women’s groups worked through a participatory learning and action cycle to develop strategies for improving women’s and children’s health. There was one group for every 309 individuals in the population, 810 groups in total. Mothers in nine control clusters had access to usual perinatal care. Postpartum psychological distress was measured with the 20-item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) between six and 52 weeks after delivery, during the months of January to April, in 2010 and 2011. Results: We analysed outcomes for 6275 mothers. Although the cluster mean SRQ-20 score was lower in the intervention arm (mean 5.2, standard deviation 1.8) compared to control (5.3, 1.2), the difference was not significant (β 1.44, 95% CI 0.28, 3.08). Conclusions: Despite promising results in India, participatory women’s groups focused on women’s and children’s health had no significant effect on postpartum psychological distress in rural Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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36. Gender and environmental struggles: voices from Adivasi Garo community in Bangladesh.
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Dey, Soma, Resurreccion, Bernadette P., and Doneys, Philippe
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GENDER identity ,FOREST management ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,ECOLOGY ,FEMINISM ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2014
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37. The Subaltern Writes Back: Immigrant Bangladeshi Girls Punctuating the Equilibrium of Ethnic Patriarchy in New York City.
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Alam, Mohammed Faridul
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IMMIGRANTS ,CULTURE ,DAUGHTERS ,FAMILIES ,GROUNDED theory ,INTERVIEWING ,MARRIAGE ,PARENT-child relationships ,RESEARCH funding ,SEX distribution ,QUALITATIVE research ,SONS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The study was grounded in the lived experiences of 13 female and 20 male children of Bangladeshi descent in New York City. It explored how the intersection of ethnicity, gender, generation, and migration shaped the distinctive experiences of the girls as they came of age, straddling the native culture and the host culture. By walking a tightrope between intergenerational continuity of normative gender practice, and change, prompted by egalitarian socialization, they foregrounded educational/career trajectories. Unlike the boys, who acquiesced with the status quo despite its equal opportunity disadvantages, they started rewriting the rules of engagement with patriarchy from this new threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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38. Health seeking behaviour and delayed management of tuberculosis patients in rural Bangladesh.
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Ehsanul Huq, K. A. T. M., Moriyama, Michiko, Rahman, Md Moshiur, Zaman, Khalequ, Chisti, Mohammod Jobayer, Hossain, Shahed, Shirin, Habiba, Raihan, Mohammad Jyoti, Long, Julie, Islam, Akramul, and Chowdhury, Sajeda
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TUBERCULOSIS patients ,EARLY diagnosis ,MEDICAL care ,PUBLIC health ,TUBERCULOSIS treatment ,HEALTH education ,DRUG therapy for tuberculosis ,TUBERCULOSIS diagnosis ,ANTITUBERCULAR agents ,TUBERCULOSIS ,MEDICAL error statistics ,DIAGNOSIS ,PATIENTS ,RURAL population ,SURVEYS ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,CROSS-sectional method ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and involvement of the public-private partnership are critical to eradicate TB. Patients need to receive proper treatment through the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP). This study describes various predictors for health seeking behaviour of TB patients and health system delay made by the different health care providers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a public health facility of a rural area in Bangladesh. Newly diagnosed smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients who were ≥ 15 years of age were sequentially enrolled in this study. The socio-demographic characteristics and proportion of health care utilization by the patients, and health system delay made by the health care providers were calculated. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the independent association of the risk factors with the time to seek medical care.Results: Two hundred and eighty patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 73.6% were male and 26.4% were female. A hundred percent of patients primarily sought treatment for their cough, 170 (60.7%) first consulted a non-qualified practitioner while 110 patients (39.3%) first consulted with qualified practitioners about their symptoms. Pharmacy contact was the highest (27.9%) among the non-qualified practitioners, and 58.9% non-qualified practitioners prescribed treatment without any laboratory investigation. The average health system delay was 68.5 days. Multiple logistic regressions revealed a significant difference between uneducated and educated patients (OR 2.33; CI 1.39-3.92), and qualified and non-qualified practitioners (OR 2.34; CI 1.38-3.96) to be independent predictors of health system delay.Conclusions: Compared to men, fewer women sought TB treatment. Uneducated patients and questionably qualified practitioners made for a longer delay in detecting TB. Increasing public health awareness and improving health seeking behavior of females and uneducated patients, and greater participation of the qualified practitioners in the NTP are highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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39. Women's attitudes and beliefs towards specific contraceptive methods in Bangladesh and Kenya.
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Machiyama, Kazuyo, Huda, Fauzia Akhter, Ahmmed, Faisal, Odwe, George, Obare, Francis, Mumah, Joyce N., Wamukoya, Marylene, Casterline, John B., and Cleland, John
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ORAL contraceptives ,CONTRACEPTIVE drugs ,CUSTOMER satisfaction ,CONTRACEPTION ,DOCUMENTATION ,FERTILITY ,HEALTH attitudes ,INTERVIEWING ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MARRIED women ,PREGNANCY ,RURAL conditions ,HEALTH literacy ,FAMILY planning ,PSYCHOLOGY ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Missing from the huge literature on women's attitudes and beliefs concerning specific contraceptive methods is any detailed quantitative documentation for all major methods in low- and middle-income countries. The objectives are to provide such a documentation for women living in Matlab (rural Bangladesh), Nairobi slums and Homa Bay (rural Kenya) and to compare the opinions and beliefs of current, past and never users towards the three most commonly used methods (oral contraceptives, injectables and implants). Methods: In each site, 2424 to 2812 married women aged 15–39 years were interviewed on reproduction, fertility preferences, contraceptive knowledge and use, attitudes and beliefs towards family planning in general and specific methods. We analysed the data from round one of the prospective cohort study. Results: While current users typically expressed satisfaction and held more positive beliefs about their method than past or never users, nevertheless appreciable minorities of current users thought the method might pose serious damage to health, might impair fertility and was unsafe for prolonged use without taking a break. Larger proportions, typically between 25% and 50%, associated their method with unpleasant side effects. Past users of pills and injectables outnumbered current users and their beliefs were similar to those of never users. In all three sites, about half of past injectable users reported satisfaction with the method and the satisfaction of past implant users was lower. Conclusions: High levels of contraceptive use can clearly co-exist with widespread misgivings about methods, even those that are widely used. Serious concerns about damage to health, long term fertility impairment, and dangers of prolonged use without taking a break were particularly common in the Kenyan sites and these beliefs may explain the high levels of discontinuation observed in Kenya and elsewhere in Africa. This documentation of beliefs provides useful guidance for counselling and informational campaigns. The generally negative views of past users imply that programmes may need not only to improve individual counselling but also strengthen community information campaign to change the overall climate of opinion which may have been influenced by dissatisfaction among past users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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