211,852 results
Search Results
52. Systematic Review of Conference papers in Social Psychology (stage 1 protocol revision 1) (Updated June 18, 2024)
- Subjects
Psychology ,Mental health ,Conferences and conventions ,Health - Abstract
2024 JUL 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained the [...]
- Published
- 2024
53. Systematic Review of Conference papers in Social Psychology (Updated June 18, 2024)
- Subjects
Psychology ,Mental health ,Conferences and conventions ,Health - Abstract
2024 JUL 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- According to news reporting based on a preprint abstract, our journalists obtained the [...]
- Published
- 2024
54. Improving Students' Study Habits and Course Performance with a 'Learning How to Learn' Assignment
- Author
-
Brown-Kramer, Carolyn R.
- Abstract
How can instructors help students adopt effective learning strategies? In this study, students in a large introductory psychology class completed a "learning how to learn" assignment in which they read one of four randomly assigned empirical articles about the utility of a learning strategy (i.e., distributed practice, rereading, practice testing, or forming mental images) and wrote a paper summarizing, analyzing, and applying the article's findings. Students relied significantly less on low-utility strategies and significantly more on moderate and high-utility strategies at the end of the semester than at the beginning. Furthermore, students who completed this assignment outperformed their peers in a control semester of the same course, improving by about one-third of a letter grade. Suggestions for effective implementation of a similar assignment are presented.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Exposing the Hazards of Teaching 19th Century Genetic Science
- Author
-
Jason McCartney
- Abstract
Science should provide students an accurate and contemporary education on genetic influence, particularly how it impacts trait variability and developmental norms. Stories involving familial, racial, and sexual differences routinely appear in the popular media and sales of over-the-counter genetic tests are mounting. Unfortunately, research suggests genetic curricula in secondary education and university courses have little impact on genetic literacy; instead they appear to amplify genetic essentialism. This position paper reports on genetic essentialism, the impact of three components of science education (teachers, students, curriculum), and critiques existing genetic lessons in two prevalent scientific disciplines, biology and psychology. Two entrenched 19th century genetic paradigms (e.g., Mendelian inheritance and behavioral genetics) are specifically examined. The paper closes with specific recommendations for improving students' genetic literacy including important contemporary genetic science (e.g., epigenetics) and instructional approaches (e.g., learning progression, refutational teaching).
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
56. The contribution of CEE authors to psychological science: a comparative analysis of papers published in CEE and non-CEE journals indexed by Scopus in the period 1996—2013
- Author
-
Seršić, Darja Maslić, Martinčević, Marina, and Jokić, Maja
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
57. Combining physical and virtual worlds for motor-cognitive training interventions: Position paper with guidelines on technology classification in movement-related research
- Author
-
Luka Šlosar, Claudia Voelcker-Rehage, Armin H. Paravlić, Ensar Abazovic, Eling D. de Bruin, and Uros Marusic
- Subjects
extended reality ,virtual reality ,augmented reality ,mixed reality ,exergaming ,taxonomy ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Efficient movements require intact motor and cognitive function. There is a growing literature on motor-cognitive interventions to improve the overall quality of life of healthy or diseased older people. For such interventions, novel technological advances are crucial not only in terms of motivation but also to improve the user experience in a multi-stimuli world, usually offered as a mixture of real and virtual environments. This article provides a classification system for movement-related research dealing with motor-cognitive interventions performed in different extents of a virtual environment. The classification is divided into three categories: (a) type of digital device with the associated degree of immersiveness provided; (b) presence or absence of a human-computer interaction; and (c) activity engagement during training, defined by activity >1.5 Metabolic Equivalent of task. Since virtual reality (VR) often categorizes different technologies under the same term, we propose a taxonomy of digital devices ranging from computer monitors and projectors to head-mounted VR technology. All immersive technologies that have developed rapidly in recent years are grouped under the umbrella term Extended Reality (XR). These include augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and VR, as well as all technologies that have yet to be developed. This technology has potential not only for gaming and entertainment, but also for research, motor-cognitive training programs, rehabilitation, telemedicine, etc. This position paper provides definitions, recommendations, and guidelines for future movement-related interventions based on digital devices, human-computer interactions, and physical engagement to use terms more consistently and contribute to a clearer understanding of their implications.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
58. Exploring the Relationship Between Parental Involvement, Paper Folding Skills, and Early Spatial Ability: A Mediation Model
- Author
-
Dandan Wu and Jin Sun
- Subjects
spatial ability ,folding paper ,early development ,parental involvement ,origami ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Paper folding is a common activity in East Asian kindergartens, but its potential value to early spatial skills have not been empirically explored. This study aims to investigate whether and how paper folding skills can predict spatial ability (SA) in the early years. Altogether 101 preschoolers (Ngirl = 45, Mage = 4.54, SD = 0.75) were randomly sampled from two Hong Kong kindergartens and invited to complete the map-use and the paper folding tasks. The paper folding task taps two levels of children’s paper folding skills: Basic Folding Skill (BFS) and Advanced Folding Skill (AFS). The parents reported the demographic information and their involvement in spatial activities at home. The results indicated the following: (1) there was a significant age-related increase in the paper folding performance; (2) child age could significantly predict both BFS (β = 0.551, p < 0.001) and AFS (β = 0.627, p < 0.001), while parental involvement could only predict BFS (β = 0.246, p < 0.001); (3) after controlling for confounders, paper folding skills could significantly predict SA as measured by the map-use task; (4) BFS was found to mediate the relationship between parental involvement and SA. The educational implications of these findings are also discussed.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
59. Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice in Vocational Psychology: Current Status and Future Directions
- Author
-
Florida State University Libraries, Sampson, James P., Bullock-Yowell, Emily, Dozier, V. Casey, Osborn, Debra S., and Lenz, Janet G.
- Abstract
This publication is based on the 2016 Society for Vocational Psychology (SVP) Biennial Conference, that was held at the Florida State University on May 16-17, 2016. The conference theme was "Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice in Vocational Psychology." The conference content and the resulting edited book are based on the assumption that the science and practice of vocational psychology are more successful with the integration of theory, research, and practice. This book's purpose is to examine the challenges and opportunities for integrating theory, research, and practice in vocational psychology from the perspectives of theorists, researchers, practitioners, and journal editors, with the hope that this knowledge will lead to improved science and career interventions. Following a Foreword by Saba Rasheed Ali and a Preface by James P. Sampson, Jr., Emily Bullock-Yowell, V. Casey Dozier, Debra S. Osborn, and Janet G. Lenz, this book contains three sections and twenty chapters. Section 1, Challenges and Opportunities for Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice in Vocational Psychology, contains: (1) Integration of Theory, Research, and Practice: A Social Cognitive Perspective (Robert W. Lent); (2) Holland's Integration of Career Theory, Research, and Practice (Robert C. Reardon); (3) Counseling for Work and Relationship:A Practice-Driven Theoretical Approach (Mary Sue Richardson); (4) The Systems Theory Framework of Career Development (Wendy Patton, Mary McMahon); (5) A Cognitive Information Processing Theory for Career Choices: Challenges and Opportunities for Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice (James P. Sampson, Jr.); and (6) Integration of Theory, Research, and Practice: Using Our Tools to Address Challenging Times (Saba Rasheed Ali, Samantha D. Brown). Section 2, Using Theory and Research to Improve Evidence-Based Practice, contains: (7) The Role of Theory in Improving Evidence-Based Career Interventions (Nadya A. Fouad); (8) Meta-Analysis and Evidence-Based Career Practice: Current Status and Future Directions (Steven D. Brown); (9) Conducting General Versus Population and Setting-Specific Meta-Analyses (Susan C. Whiston); (10) Improving the Design and Use of Meta-Analyses of Career Interventions (Betsy Jane Becker); (11) Personal Reflections on a Career Spent Creating and Sustaining Researcher-Practitioner Collaborations (V. Scott H. Solberg); and (12) Summary of Key Elements in Using Theory and Research to Improve Evidence-Based Practice (Patrick J. Rottinghaus). Section 3, A View from the Editor's Desk: Ensuring Quality in Theory, Research, and Practice contains: (13) Ensuring Quality in Theory, Research, and Practice: "The Career Development Quarterly" (Ryan D. Duffy); (14) Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice: A Viewpoint from a Member of the Editorial Board of the "Journal of Career Assessment" (Itamar Gati); (15) "Journal of Career Development": Recommendations for Future Journal Practices for Integrating Career Theory, Research, and Practice (Lisa Y. Flores); (16) Ensuring Quality in Theory, Research, and Practice: "Journal of Employment Counseling" (Dale Furbish, Angie Smith); (17) Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice in Vocational Psychology: Perspectives of a "Journal of Vocational Behavior" Editorial Board Member (Donna E. Schultheiss); (18) The Role of Refereed Journals in Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice (Kimberly A. S. Howard); (19) Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice: Lessons Learned from the Evolution of Vocational Psychology (David L. Blustein); and (20) The State of the Art in Integrating Theory, Research, and Practice in Vocational Psychology (James P. Sampson, Jr., Emily Bullock-Yowell, V. Casey Dozier, Debra S. Osborn, Janet G. Lenz, Nathan T. Ross). A keyword index and an author index are included.
- Published
- 2017
60. Neuroscience-based psychotherapy: A position paper
- Author
-
Davide Maria Cammisuli and Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Subjects
traumatic memories ,attachment theory ,cognitive psychopathology ,empathy ,neuroimaging ,somatoform disorders ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
In the recent years, discoveries in neuroscience have greatly impacted upon the need to modify therapeutic practice starting from the evidence showing some cerebral mechanisms capable of coping with mental health crisis and traumatic events of the individual's life history by redesigning the narrative plot and the person's sense of the Self. The emerging dialogue between neuroscience and psychotherapy is increasingly intense and modern psychotherapy cannot ignore the heritage deriving from studies about neuropsychological modification of memory traces, neurobiology of attachment theory, cognitive mechanisms involved in psychopathology, neurophysiology of human empathy, neuroimaging evidence about psychotherapeutic treatment, and somatoform disorders connecting the brain and the body. In the present article, we critically examined sectorial literature and claimed that psychotherapy has to referred to a neuroscience-based approach in order to adopt the most tailored interventions for specific groups of patients or therapy settings. We also provided recommendations for care implementation in clinical practice and illustrated challenges of future research.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. Construction of Cognitive Maps to Improve Reading Performance by Text Signaling: Reading Text on Paper Compared to on Screen
- Author
-
Zifu Shi, Ting Tang, and Lin Yin
- Subjects
physical signaling ,verbal signaling ,cognitive map ,on-screen reading ,paper reading ,navigation ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Reading text from a screen has been shown to be less effective compared with reading text from paper. Various signals may provide both background information and navigational cues, and may promote the construction of cognitive maps during on-screen reading, thus improving reading performance. This study randomly divided 75 college students into a paper reading group and an on-screen reading group. Both groups were tested for navigation and reading comprehension in response to three different forms of signaling (plain text, physical signaling, and verbal signaling). The results showed that when plain text was presented, the navigation and comprehension scores of the paper reading group were significantly higher than those of the on-screen reading group. However, no significant difference was found between both groups under signaling conditions. The navigation and comprehension scores of both groups were significantly higher under signaling conditions than under plain text. Moreover, the comprehension score of the on-screen reading group under physical signaling was significantly higher than that under verbal signaling. This research suggested that signals help to construct cognitive maps and effectively improve reading performance. Besides, physical signaling, such as underlining and bold formatting, is more effective for on-screen reading. The present study provides a practical and effective approach for improving on-screen reading based on cognitive map theory.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. Exploring Psycholinguistic Differences Between Song and Ming Emperors Bases on Literary Edicts
- Author
-
Liu, Shuangyu, Zhu, Tingshao, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Zu, Qiaohong, editor, Tang, Yong, editor, and Mladenović, Vladimir, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
63. Interuniversity Collection of Papers 'Siberia: ХХ Century' (Issues 1–6. Kemerovo, Kuzbassvuzizdat, 1997–2007) as a Comprehensive Historiographic Source
- Author
-
S. V. Makarchuk and E. S. Genina
- Subjects
historiography ,editor ,author ,historiographic situation ,historiographic fact ,quantitative analysis of a historiographic source ,semantic (subject) analysis of a historiographic source ,content analysis ,History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics ,DK1-4735 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The article presents a historiographic review of "Siberia: XX Century". This interuniversity collection of research papers was published in Kemerovo in 1997–2007. Based on standard research methods and special historical and historiographic principles, the authors analyzed the periodical as a complex historiographic source. The quantitative analysis made it possible to calculate the ratio of the special issues, to assess the editorial board and authors, to describe the research subjects, etc. The semantic analysis was based on the content analysis, which also revealed to what degree the authors of the journal participated in the historical discourse. The paper features retrospective and prospective analyzes of the main research works of the leading Siberian scientists published in "Siberia: XX Century". The research objective was to identify the patterns of the current historiographic situation based on the state of knowledge of the key historical processes in Siberia.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
64. A validation and acceptability study of cognitive testing using switch and eye-gaze control technologies for children with motor and speech impairments: A protocol paper
- Author
-
Petra Karlsson, Ingrid Honan, Seth Warschausky, Jacqueline N. Kaufman, Georgina Henry, Candice Stephenson, Annabel Webb, Alistair McEwan, and Nadia Badawi
- Subjects
cerebral palsy ,assistive technology ,cognition ,assessment ,disability ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Despite the importance of knowing the cognitive capabilities of children with neurodevelopmental conditions, less than one-third of children with cerebral palsy participate in standardized assessments. Globally, approximately 50% of people with cerebral palsy have an intellectual disability and there is significant risk for domain-specific cognitive impairments for the majority of people with cerebral palsy. However, standardized cognitive assessment tools are not accessible to many children with cerebral palsy, as they require manual manipulation of objects, verbal response and/or speeded response. As such, standardised assessment may result in an underestimation of abilities for children with significant motor and/or speech impairment. The overall aim of the project is to examine and compare the psychometric properties of standardised cognitive assessment tools that have been accommodated for use with either a switch device or eye-gaze control technologies, with the specific aims to: (1) Examine the psychometric properties (measurement agreement and validity) of accommodated assessment tools by comparing the performance of typically developing children on six cognitive assessment tools administered via standardised versus accommodated (switch or eye-gaze control) administration; (2) Describe and compare the performance and user experience of children with cerebral palsy on six accommodated cognitive assessments administered via switch or eye-gaze control technologies. Secondary aims are to: (1) Describe the completion rates and time to complete assessments of participants in each group; (2) Within the group with cerebral palsy, examine the effects of condition-specific characteristics (type of cerebral palsy, functional levels, and pain) and demographics (age, socio-demographic) on participation. This protocol paper describes a two-phase validation and acceptability study that utilizes a mixed-model design. This study will collect concurrent data from 80 typically developing children and 40 children with cerebral palsy, who use switch or eye-gaze control technology as alternate access communication methods. The set of instruments will measure receptive vocabulary, fluid reasoning, sustained attention, vision perception, visuospatial working memory and executive functions. Data analyses will be conducted using SPSS v. 25 and R v 4.1.0. SPSS Sample Power 3 was used for power computation and allows for a 10% drop out rate. Quantitative descriptive statistics, measurement agreement data plotting, bivariate and multiple regressions analysis will be conducted using appropriate methods.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. From Text on Paper to Digital Poetry: Creativity and Digital Literary Reading Practices in Initial Teacher Education
- Author
-
Moisés Selfa Sastre and Enric Falguera Garcia
- Subjects
digital literature ,digital practices ,cyberpoetry ,creativity ,digital writing ,teachers ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The new contexts of literary education allow for the creation of digital reading and writing practices related to what specialised literature calls digital literature. Among these practices and with an eminently theoretical content and with an example of this content, in this paper, we want to focus our gaze on cyberpoetry, conceived as an exercise in literary creativity that firstly involves use of technology and specific software for the digital creation of poetic texts and, last but not least, knowledge and mastery of poetic language and the literary conventions linked thereto. From this point of view, in initial teacher training, we work with future teachers to create cyberpoems with a dual purpose: on the one hand, to reflect on what literary reading in digital format entails and to rehearse reading mediation processes that can be carried out with this type of literature, and, on the other, to begin in the digital creation of cyberpoems that, later, may be presented and worked in a real context of the school classroom. In this paper, we present digital practices of literary reading that have been created by student teachers in initial training. The creation of these practices has been carried out with the Genially tool. For data collection, the URL of each creation is accessed in order to analyse them. The analysis of the data follows the parameters of the qualitative methodology, specifically based on three categories of analysis for each digital creation: multimodality, hypertextuality and the interaction of each digital reading proposal. The conclusions of all this allow us to affirm that the creation of cyberpoems is an exercise in literary creativity that has to take into account the digital dimension of the literary text and its reading comprehension in a multimodal environment. Thus, the teacher in initial training carries out a digital literary mediation exercise, of a creative type, which he will later carry out in his pedagogical practice.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
66. A Psychological Report is Literally a Mind on Paper
- Author
-
Medved, Maria I.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. FROM THE WHITE PAPER ON THE QUALIFICATION OF THE DEGREE IN PSYCHOLOGY TO THE BUSINESS OF DESPERATION: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES IN SPAIN OVER THE DECADE OF 2005-2015
- Author
-
Sergio Sánchez-Reales, Javier Prado-Abril, Felix Inchausti, Xacobe Fernández-García, Carlos J. Losada, and Antonio Aldaz-Armendáriz
- Subjects
Psychology degree ,White paper ,Unemployment ,Professional expectation ,Professional identity. ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The process of convergence with the European Higher Education Area led to the publication of the White Paper of the title of the Degree in Psychology (ANECA, 2005) in which an extensive analysis was carried out of the situation of the university studies in psychology in Spain and guidelines were produced to adapt the degree to the European requirements. Ten years later, the present paper aims to analyze the implementation rate of the guidelines included in the White Paper, as well as to develop prognostic models based on the observed trends through time series analyses. The results show a constant and progressive increase of the training programs offered, the number of new faculties, and other closely associated indicators in relation to these growth indicators. Different explanations and reasons for these results are discussed. We also reflect on the impact on job insecurity amongst psychologists, high unemployment rates, and the negative consequences for a sustainable model of professional development.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. Strategy and Spatial Representations for Improving Navigation Ability Without Vision Using Sensory Substitution Devices
- Author
-
Akimoto, Kouta, Fukawa, Ayako, Yairi, Ikuko Eguchi, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Yada, Katsutoshi, editor, Katagami, Daisuke, editor, Takama, Yasufumi, editor, Ito, Takayuki, editor, Abe, Akinori, editor, Sato-Shimokawara, Eri, editor, Mori, Junichiro, editor, Matsumura, Naohiro, editor, and Kashima, Hisashi, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF 'SOCIAL COMPETENCE OF PERSONALITY» IN UKRAINIAN AND FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC PAPERS
- Author
-
Yana S. Lukatska
- Subjects
competence ,individual social competence ,vocational education ,higher educational establishment ,Education ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
New Ukrainian and world realities set new tasks for the higher educational establishments, which are related to the search for new, modern methods that allow to increase the effectiveness of training. Currently, topical are the issues of not only professional but also the personal development of the student forming the priority in the implementation of educational activities in universities, preparation for future professional activities, as well as for successful interaction in society. The concept of «individual social competence» is an important factor in creating a system of educational process which takes into account aspects of professional development, and at the same time the peculiarities of the formation of the student personality. The author analyses the concept of «competence», considers the key competences for lifelong learning, identified by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, including social competence, studies the scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, including G. Gedviliene, H. S. Han, K. M. Kemple, U.P. Kanning, M. Horenburg, G.W. Ladd, H. K. Ma, K. Monahan, M. Monnier, O.V. Varetska, N.I. Hlebova, D.V. Hubareva, O.I. Hura, M.O. Doktorovych, I.B. Zarubinska, O.O. Subina, V.M. Shakhrai. They explored different aspects of social competence of different age categories. The author concludes that, despite different interpretations, all scientists agree that social competence is an acquired skill, it can be formed and developed throughout life. It was also determined that the developed social competence determines the status of the individual in society, it affects the success in professional activities. The high level of social competence allows a person not only to be realized in professional activities, but also to influence the processes in society, which in turn determines its stability. The author’s definition of the concept of «individual social competence» is given in the paper; the author concludes that social competence is an integrated ability that contains other competencies: spiritual, civic, communicative, linguistic; the concept of social competence is closely related to professional competence, without the successful interaction of the individual with society it is impossible to acquire the skills and abilities inherent in a qualified specialist. Thus, an important task for modern higher education is the formation and development of social competence of students, which is the key to successful implementation of the future specialist in professional activities. The educational process should be aimed at forming a system of knowledge about interaction in society, understanding the system of social values, ability to cooperate in society, the ability to communicate constructively, because only a socially competent person can.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. Idea Sharing: Professionalizing ESP Teaching to University Students through Modeling Professional Interaction in ESP Classrooms
- Author
-
Tarnopolsky, Oleg
- Abstract
The article discusses the implementation of the "constructivist approach" in ESP teaching to university students. This approach creates opportunities for students to "construct" their own target language communication skills meant for use in their professional intercourse. The way of achieving such an effect can be seen in professionalizing ESP teaching and learning through modeling professional interaction in ESP classrooms. The learning activities that are suggested for implementing such modeled professional interaction are interactive ones in which students: 1) orally interact in English with each other on professional issues; 2) use outside sources of professional information in English and prepare different professionally-oriented written papers in English on the basis of the data obtained during their interaction with these professional information sources; and 3) do project work in English summarizing everything that they have learned both professionally and from the point of view of ESP acquisition. The article is illustrated with examples from ESP teaching to university students of psychology, as well as business and economics. The analyzed learning activities are interpreted as representing "experiential learning", which is considered to be the principal practical implementation of the constructivist approach in the ESP teaching/learning process.
- Published
- 2015
71. A Brief Reflection on Paper Titled 'Mental Health Training of Primary Health Care Workers: Case Reports from Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Jordan'
- Author
-
Boris Budosan
- Subjects
Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Mental healing ,RZ400-408 - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
72. Sharing the Lasallian Mission in the Classroom Positively Affects Student Perceptions
- Author
-
Sable, Jeffrey J.
- Abstract
The mission statement of a college or university is often considered to be an important part of the institutional identity. However, little research has explored the relationship between students and the institutional mission in the classroom itself. I explored the effects of (1) a statement in the syllabus about how the instructor perceives that the Lasallian and institutional mission applies to his own classes, and (2) starting each class period with a reminder of the mission. According to student survey responses administered at the beginning and the end of the semester, both practices had positive effects on student perceptions of the classroom environment. Furthermore, they appeared to have positive effects on student perceptions of the institution and the Lasallian mission. These effects persisted through the semester. Such practices may make the mission more salient to students -- as well as to instructors.
- Published
- 2020
73. Psychological Test Adaptation and Development – How Papers Are Structured and Why
- Author
-
Matthias Ziegler
- Subjects
PTAD ,registered report ,ABC of test construction ,open science ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Abstract. This article explains how papers should be structured to guide the preparation of papers to be submitted to Psychological Test Adaptation and Development. Each submission should adhere as strictly as possible to the following structure. If, for any reason, certain aspects cannot be provided, this should be explained and considered in the limitations and recommendations. The outline in Table 1 is followed by a detailed explanation for each section. Table 1Content required in papers given by section [Graphic: see text] [Table: see text]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
74. Social Constructionism in Security Protocols : A Position on Human Experience, Psychology and Security
- Author
-
Foley, Simon N., Rooney, Vivien M., Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Anderson, Jonathan, editor, Stajano, Frank, editor, Christianson, Bruce, editor, and Matyáš, Vashek, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
75. American College of Rheumatology White Paper on Performance Outcome Measures in Rheumatology
- Author
-
Suter, Lisa G, Barber, Claire E, Herrin, Jeph, Leong, Amye, Losina, Elena, Miller, Amy, Newman, Eric, Robbins, Mark, Tory, Heather, and Yazdany, Jinoos
- Subjects
Health Services ,Clinical Research ,Autoimmune Disease ,Arthritis ,8.4 Research design and methodologies (health services) ,Health and social care services research ,Humans ,Outcome Assessment ,Health Care ,Quality of Health Care ,Rheumatic Diseases ,Rheumatology ,Societies ,Medical ,United States ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Psychology - Abstract
ObjectiveTo highlight the opportunities and challenges of developing and implementing performance outcome measures in rheumatology for accountability purposes.MethodsWe constructed a hypothetical performance outcome measure to demonstrate the benefits and challenges of designing quality measures that assess patient outcomes. We defined the data source, measure cohort, reporting period, period at risk, measure outcome, outcome attribution, risk adjustment, reliability and validity, and reporting approach. We discussed outcome measure challenges specific to rheumatology and to fields where patients have predominantly chronic, complex, ambulatory care-sensitive conditions.ResultsOur hypothetical outcome measure was a measure of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity intended for evaluating Accountable Care Organization performance. We summarized the components, benefits, challenges, and tradeoffs between feasibility and usability. We highlighted how different measure applications, such as for rapid cycle quality improvement efforts versus pay for performance programs, require different approaches to measure development and testing. We provided a summary table of key take-home points for clinicians and policymakers.ConclusionPerformance outcome measures are coming to rheumatology, and the most effective and meaningful measures can only be created through the close collaboration of patients, providers, measure developers, and policymakers. This study provides an overview of key issues and is intended to stimulate a productive dialogue between patients, practitioners, insurers, and government agencies regarding optimal performance outcome measure development.
- Published
- 2016
76. What Is the Common Ground for Modern Psychotherapy? A Discussion Paper Based on EACLIPT’s 1st Webinar
- Author
-
Stefan G. Hofmann, Jacques P. Barber, Paul Salkovskis, Bruce E. Wampold, Winfried Rief, Anne-Catherine I. Ewen, and Leonora Nina Schäfer
- Subjects
psychotherapy ,common ground ,process-based therapy ,panel discussion ,eaclipt webinar ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Psychotherapy as it is implemented today, can be seen as the composition of unconnected groups of practitioners and scientists pursuing different theories. The idea of finding a common “umbrella” for all evidence-based treatments in the field of psychotherapy is gaining more interest. Based on this background, experts in clinical psychology from various backgrounds led a fundamental discussion about modern psychotherapy and its basic mechanisms. Process-Based Therapy (PBT) was presented by Stefan Hofmann as a possible novel approach to clinical research and practice. In this article we present the different perspectives of the four panelists on PBT and in how far the model builds a common ground for different treatment approaches. Learning mechanisms and the therapeutic alliance were almost unanimously considered as indispensable factors in a global model of psychotherapy. In conclusion, the panelists emphasized a much-needed focus on characteristics and competencies of therapists themselves e.g., in communication, listening and empathy. These core competencies should be trained and promoted independently of the therapeutic approach.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
77. Social stigma is an underestimated contributing factor to unemployment in people with mental illness or mental health issues: position paper and future directions
- Author
-
Evelien P. M. Brouwers
- Subjects
Social stigma ,Mental health ,Employment ,Discrimination ,Disclosure ,Common mental disorders ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Abstract Background As yet, little is known about the effects of mental health stigma on sustainable employment. This is surprising, as mental health stigma is common, and because people with severe and common mental disorders are 7 and 3 times more likely to be unemployed, respectively, than people with no disorders. As the global lifetime prevalence of mental disorders is 29%, the high unemployment rates of people with these health problems constitute an important and urgent public health inequality problem that needs to be addressed. Main text The aim of this position paper is to illustrate the assumption that stigma contributes to the unemployment of people with mental illness and mental health issues with evidence from recent scientific studies on four problem areas, and to provide directions for future research. These four problem areas indicate that: (1) employers and line managers hold negative attitudes towards people with mental illness or mental health issues, which decreases the chances of people with these health problems being hired or supported; (2) both the disclosure and non-disclosure of mental illness or mental health issues can lead to job loss; (3) anticipated discrimination, self-stigma and the ‘Why Try’ effect can lead to insufficient motivation and effort to keep or find employment and can result in unemployment; and (4) stigma is a barrier to seeking healthcare, which can lead to untreated and worsened health conditions and subsequently to adverse occupational outcomes (e.g. sick leave, job loss). Conclusions The paper concludes that stigma in the work context is a considerable and complex problem, and that there is an important knowledge gap especially regarding the long-term effects of stigma on unemployment. To prevent and decrease adverse occupational outcomes in people with mental illness or mental health issues there is an urgent need for high quality and longitudinal research on stigma related consequences for employment. In addition, more validated measures specifically for the employment setting, as well as destigmatizing intervention studies are needed.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. Prenatal stress, development, health and disease risk: A psychobiological perspective—2015 Curt Richter Award Paper
- Author
-
Entringer, Sonja, Buss, Claudia, and Wadhwa, Pathik D
- Subjects
Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods ,Mental Health ,Prevention ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Pediatric ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Good Health and Well Being ,Awards and Prizes ,Child ,Child Development ,Disease Susceptibility ,Female ,Fetal Development ,Humans ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Stress ,Psychological ,Prenatal stress ,Fetal programming ,Development ,Health ,Disease risk ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Psychiatry ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Psychology - Abstract
The long-term consequences of exposure to excess stress, particularly during sensitive developmental windows, on the initiation and progression of many complex, common physical and mental disorders that confer a major global burden of disease are well established. The period of intrauterine life represents among the most sensitive of these windows, at which time the effects of stress may be transmitted inter-generationally from a mother to her as-yet-unborn child. As explicated by the concept of fetal or developmental programming of health and disease susceptibility, a growing body of evidence supports the notion that health and disease susceptibility is determined by the dynamic interplay between genetic makeup and environment, particularly during intrauterine and early postnatal life. Except in extreme cases, an adverse intrauterine exposure may not, per se, 'cause' disease, but, instead, may determine propensity for disease(s) in later life (by shaping phenotypic responsivity to endogenous and exogenous disease-related risk conditions). Accumulating evidence suggests that maternal psychological and social stress during pregnancy represents one such condition that may adversely affect the developing child, with important implications for a diverse range of physical and mental health outcomes. In this paper we review primarily our own contributions to the field of maternal stress during pregnancy and child mental and physical health-related outcomes. We present findings on stress-related maternal-placental-fetal endocrine and immune/inflammatory processes that may mediate the effects of various adverse conditions during pregnancy on the developing human embryo and fetus. We enunciate conceptual and methodological issues related to the assessment of stress during pregnancy and discuss potential mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of the effects of stress. Lastly, we describe on-going research and some future directions of our program.
- Published
- 2015
79. Testing of a paper-and-pencil Personalized Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT-P)
- Author
-
Brigitte Bardin, Stéphane Perrissol, Jacques Py, Yoann Fos, and Nicolas Souchon
- Subjects
paper & pencil SC-IAT-P ,implicit attitude ,tobacco-smoking ,political sphere ,indecision ,SC-IAT-P papier crayon ,attitude implicite ,tabac ,politique ,indécision ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The purpose of this series of studies is to test a paper-and-pencil procedure adapted from a computerized Implicit Association Test: the SC-IAT-P (Personalized Single Category Implicit Association Test, Bardin, et al. 2014). This adaptation combines the advantages of SC-IAT (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006), IAT-P (Olson & Fazio, 2004) and paper-and-pencil IAT (Lemm, Lane, Sattler, Khan & Nosek, 2008). It is capable of measuring implicit attitude toward a single object, limits the influence of extrapersonal associations, and is unquestionably easy to administer. The tool was used in three studies with two different goals. Study 1 highlights a link between paper-and-pencil SC-IAT-P and a computerized corollary in the field of tobacco-smoking. Study 2 reveals the ability of the tool to distinguish smokers from non-smokers according to their score and smokers who have already considered quitting from those who have never considered it. Finally, Study 3, carried out between the two rounds of the French presidential elections in 2012, highlights the difference of attitude between supporters on the Left and Right but also an effect of indecision. The discussion deals with the prospects offered by this tool and its limitations. Résumé: Cette série d’études teste une adaptation en procédure papier crayon d’un test d’association implicite informatisé : le SC-IAT-P (Single Category Implicit Association Test Personalized, Bardin, Perrissol, Py, Launay, & Escoubès, 2014). Cette adaptation allie les avantages du SC-IAT (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006) de l’IAT-P (Olson & Fazio, 2004) et de l’IAT format papier crayon (Lemm, Lane, Sattler, Khan, & Nosek, 2008). Il mesure l’attitude implicite envers un unique objet, limite la contamination de la mesure par des associations extra-personnelles et son administration est d’une facilité indéniable. L’outil a été mis en oeuvre dans trois études portant sur deux objets. L’étude 1 permet de mettre en évidence un lien entre le SC-IAT-P papier crayon et son corollaire informatisé dans le domaine du tabac. L’étude 2 révèle la capacité de l’outil à discriminer les fumeurs des non-fumeurs en fonction de leur score au SC-IAT-P papier crayon mais également les fumeurs qui ont déjà envisagé d’arrêter de fumer de ceux qui n’ont jamais envisagé. Enfin, l’étude 3, réalisée pendant l’entre deux tours des élections présidentielles françaises de 2012, met en évidence une différence d’attitude entre les sympathisants de gauche et de droite mais également un effet de l’indécision. La discussion porte notamment sur les perspectives offertes par cet outil et ses limites.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
80. Recommendations for individual participant data meta-analyses on work stressors and health outcomes: comments on IPD-Work Consortium papers.
- Author
-
Choi, Bong Kyoo, Schnall, Peter, Landsbergis, Paul, Dobson, Marnie, Ko, Sangbaek, Gómez-Ortiz, Viviola, Juárez-Garcia, Arturo, and Baker, Dean
- Subjects
Humans ,Stress ,Psychological ,Health Status ,Meta-Analysis as Topic ,Guidelines as Topic ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Generic health relevance ,Public Health and Health Services ,Psychology ,Environmental & Occupational Health - Abstract
The IPD-Work (individual-participant data meta-analysis of working populations) Consortium has published several papers on job strain (the combination of low job control and high job demands) based on Karasek's demand-control model (1) and health-related outcomes including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, obesity, diabetes as well as health-related behaviors, utilizing meta-analyses of a pooled database of study participants from 17 European cohorts. An IPD approach has some advantages over typical meta-analyses, eg, having access to all the data for each individual allows for additional analyses, compared to typical meta-analyses. However, such an approach, like other meta-analyses, is not free from errors and biases (2-6) when it is not conducted appropriately. In our review of the IPD-Work Consortium's (hereafter called the Consortium) publications of the last two years, we have identified and pointed out several conceptual and methodological errors, as well as unsubstantiated conclusions and inappropriate recommendations for worksite public health policies (6-15). However, the Consortium has not yet appropriately addressed many of the issues we have raised. Also several major errors and biases underlying the Consortium IPD meta-analysis publications have not been presented in a comprehensive way, nor have they been discussed widely among work stress researchers. We are concerned that the same errors and biases could be repeated in future IPD Consortium meta-analysis publications as well as by other researchers who are interested in meta-analyses on work stressors and health outcomes. It is possible that the inappropriate interpretations in the Consortium publications, which remained uncorrected to date, may have a negative impact on the international efforts of the work stress research community to improve the health of working populations. Recently, Dr. Töres Theorell, a principal investigator of the Consortium, responded in this journal (16) to some of our criticisms on the Consortium papers (17, 18). The purpose of this article is to discuss the methodological and substantive issues that remain to be resolved and how they could be addressed in future analyses. We provide recommendations for future IPD or typical meta-analyses on work stressors and health outcomes. Finally, we discuss the inappropriate conclusions and recommendations in the Consortium publications and provide alternative recommendations, including a comprehensive perspective on worksite intervention studies.
- Published
- 2015
81. The Impacts of Domain-General vs. Domain-Specific Diagramming Tools on Writing
- Author
-
Barstow, Brendan, Fazio, Lisa, Lippman, Jordan, Falakmasir, Mohammad, Schunn, Christian D., and Ashley, Kevin D.
- Abstract
Argument diagramming is the process of spatially representing an argument by its component parts and their relationships. A growing body of evidence supports the use of argument diagramming to aid student learning and writing within disciplines including science education. However, most of these studies have focused on basic contrasts between diagramming and no diagramming. The purpose of this study was to learn how different diagramming frameworks affect the benefits afforded by argument diagramming. Three groups of undergraduate students in psychology research methods lab courses were given either no diagramming support, support with a domain-general framework, or support with a domain-specific framework to help them write a research paper introduction. Students given any diagramming support included more relevant citations and considered opposing citations in their papers. Students using the domain-specific framework wrote more about the scientific validity of cited studies than the other two groups, whereas students using the domain-general framework trended towards included more supporting citations.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
82. Experimental Evidence for Diagramming Benefits in Science Writing
- Author
-
Barstow, Brendan, Fazio, Lisa, Schunn, Christian, and Ashley, Kevin
- Abstract
Arguing for the need for a scientific research study (i.e. writing an introduction to a research paper) poses significant challenges for students. When faced with these challenges, students often generate overly safe replications (i.e. fail to find and include opposition to their hypothesis) or in contrast include no strong support for their hypothesis (i.e. relevant, valid evidence). How can we support novice scientists in generating and defending high quality hypotheses? A long history of research supports the affordances provided by structured representations of complex information. More recently, argument diagramming has gained traction in instruction for philosophy, social studies, and law. However, its effectiveness for supporting students in science is relatively untested. The purpose of the current study was to test the effectiveness of a simple argument diagram optimized for supporting students' research writing in psychology. Two groups of undergraduate students in research methods lab courses were randomly assigned to diagramming support or no support. In the research papers, those given diagramming support were more likely to argue for an appropriately "risky' hypothesis and wrote more about the relevance and validity of cited studies. Some of these gains show signs of transfer to a second paper written later in the course that did not require use of the diagramming tool.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
83. Winning at 'rock, paper, scissors' is a matter of psychology: game experts know why
- Published
- 2023
84. Introduction of Computer-Based Simulated Experiments in University Psychology Class: A Class Practice of Learning Dual Storage Model of Human Memory
- Author
-
International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Miwa, Kazuhisa, Yamakawa, Mayu, and Kojima, Kazuaki
- Abstract
This paper examines the possibilities and limitations of introducing simulated experiments in the psychology domain by practicing a course with graduate students in psychology, in which simulated experiments were conducted in place of real human experiments. The class-learning object was the dual-storage model of human memory. The simulation results showed anomalous results that differed from intuitive predictions. The results were also inconsistent with the results of prior human experiments. Analysis of reports submitted by 15 participants revealed that they focused on the anomalous results emerging in the simulation results and examined them based on the dual-storage model theory. On the basis of these results, future directions for this practice are discussed.
- Published
- 2022
85. Development of a Prognostic Model of the User’s Information Image Using Automated Tools for Processing Data from Social Networks
- Author
-
Tropnikov, Alexandr, Uglova, Anna, Nizomutdinov, Boris, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Alexandrov, Daniel A., editor, Boukhanovsky, Alexander V., editor, Chugunov, Andrei V., editor, Kabanov, Yury, editor, Koltsova, Olessia, editor, and Musabirov, Ilya, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
86. Towards a Reformulated Theory Underlying Schema Therapy: Position Paper of an International Workgroup
- Author
-
Eva Fassbinder, Marta Panzeri, Christopher W. Lee, Alp Karaosmanoglu, Marleen M. Rijkeboer, Arnoud Arntz, Edward Chan, Klinische Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Psychology Other Research (FMG), Section Clinical Psychology, and RS: FPN CPS III
- Subjects
Schema therapy ,Cognitive science ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,05 social sciences ,Schema modes ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Clinical Psychology ,Early maladaptive schemas ,Needs ,Personality disorders ,Schema (psychology) ,Taxonomy (general) ,Identity (object-oriented programming) ,medicine ,Position paper ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Workgroup ,Set (psychology) ,Construct (philosophy) ,Psychology - Abstract
Background A central construct in Schema Therapy (ST) is that of a schema mode, describing the current emotional-cognitive-behavioral state. Initially, 10 modes were described. Over time, with the world-wide increasing and broader application of ST to various disorders, additional schema modes were identified, mainly based on clinical impressions. Thus, the need for a new, theoretically based, cross-cultural taxonomy of modes emerged. Methods An international workgroup started from scratch to identify an extensive taxonomy of modes, based on (a) extending the theory underlying ST with new insights on needs, and (b) recent research on ST theory supporting that modes represent combinations of activated schemas and coping. Results We propose to add two emotional needs to the original five core needs that theoretically underpin the development of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), i.e., the need for Self-Coherence, and the need for Fairness, leading to three new EMSs, i.e. Lack of a Coherent Identity, Lack of a Meaningful World, and Unfairness. When rethinking the purpose behind the different ways of coping with EMS-activation, we came up with new labels for two of those: Resignation instead of Surrender, and Inversion instead of Overcompensation. By systematically combining EMSs and ways of coping we derived a set of schema modes that can be empirically tested. Conclusions With this project, we hope to contribute to the further development of ST and its application across the world.
- Published
- 2021
87. Research paper Enriching Language Acquisition of Preschool Children from Low-SES Through Shared Story Reading
- Author
-
Nayereh zamani, Saeid Hassanzadeh, and Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta
- Subjects
language intervention ,shared story reading ,language development ,preschool children ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Abstract Early intervention is important to minimize persistent difficulties in language and its related domains in preschool children with or at-risk of language impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of shared story reading program on the development of language skills of preschool children of low socioeconomic status. This study adopted a quasi- experimental research design with pretest-posttest-follow-up and a control group. From two preschool centers in Ahmadabad Mostofi town during a multi-level screening process, 30 children whose language test scores were below the standard deviation (70-85) were selected, being diagnosed for language problems. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Subjects in the experimental group (n=15) were further divided into four smaller groups, received 30 shared story reading program intervention sessions, each session lasting 45 minutes three days a week. Data were collected through Test of Language Development and Narrative. Data analysis was performed by using the Repeated Measures MANOVA. The results indicated a significant effect (P=0/001) of the program on increase of semantic knowledge, syntactic knowledge, and language development in general, and improvement of narrative writing in the experimental group. Post-test and follow-up differential scores also approved the effectiveness of the shared story reading program. Accordingly, the shared story reading program is recommended as a preventive program, potentially bridging the word gap for at-risk children.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. 2014 Update of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: A review of papers published since its inception
- Author
-
Weiner, Michael W, Veitch, Dallas P, Aisen, Paul S, Beckett, Laurel A, Cairns, Nigel J, Cedarbaum, Jesse, Green, Robert C, Harvey, Danielle, Jack, Clifford R, Jagust, William, Luthman, Johan, Morris, John C, Petersen, Ronald C, Saykin, Andrew J, Shaw, Leslie, Shen, Li, Schwarz, Adam, Toga, Arthur W, Trojanowski, John Q, and Initiative, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging
- Subjects
Biological Psychology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Psychology ,Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) ,Clinical Research ,Biomedical Imaging ,Brain Disorders ,Dementia ,Acquired Cognitive Impairment ,Neurodegenerative ,Neurosciences ,Alzheimer's Disease ,Aging ,Prevention ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Neurological ,Alzheimer Disease ,Biomarkers ,Brain ,Early Diagnosis ,Humans ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,Nootropic Agents ,Radionuclide Imaging ,Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative ,Alzheimer's disease ,Amyloid ,Biomarker ,Mild cognitive impairment ,Tau ,Clinical Sciences ,Geriatrics ,Clinical sciences ,Biological psychology - Abstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is an ongoing, longitudinal, multicenter study designed to develop clinical, imaging, genetic, and biochemical biomarkers for the early detection and tracking of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The initial study, ADNI-1, enrolled 400 subjects with early mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 200 with early AD, and 200 cognitively normal elderly controls. ADNI-1 was extended by a 2-year Grand Opportunities grant in 2009 and by a competitive renewal, ADNI-2, which enrolled an additional 550 participants and will run until 2015. This article reviews all papers published since the inception of the initiative and summarizes the results to the end of 2013. The major accomplishments of ADNI have been as follows: (1) the development of standardized methods for clinical tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in a multicenter setting; (2) elucidation of the patterns and rates of change of imaging and CSF biomarker measurements in control subjects, MCI patients, and AD patients. CSF biomarkers are largely consistent with disease trajectories predicted by β-amyloid cascade (Hardy, J Alzheimer's Dis 2006;9(Suppl 3):151-3) and tau-mediated neurodegeneration hypotheses for AD, whereas brain atrophy and hypometabolism levels show predicted patterns but exhibit differing rates of change depending on region and disease severity; (3) the assessment of alternative methods of diagnostic categorization. Currently, the best classifiers select and combine optimum features from multiple modalities, including MRI, [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, amyloid PET, CSF biomarkers, and clinical tests; (4) the development of blood biomarkers for AD as potentially noninvasive and low-cost alternatives to CSF biomarkers for AD diagnosis and the assessment of α-syn as an additional biomarker; (5) the development of methods for the early detection of AD. CSF biomarkers, β-amyloid 42 and tau, as well as amyloid PET may reflect the earliest steps in AD pathology in mildly symptomatic or even nonsymptomatic subjects and are leading candidates for the detection of AD in its preclinical stages; (6) the improvement of clinical trial efficiency through the identification of subjects most likely to undergo imminent future clinical decline and the use of more sensitive outcome measures to reduce sample sizes. Multimodal methods incorporating APOE status and longitudinal MRI proved most highly predictive of future decline. Refinements of clinical tests used as outcome measures such as clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes further reduced sample sizes; (7) the pioneering of genome-wide association studies that leverage quantitative imaging and biomarker phenotypes, including longitudinal data, to confirm recently identified loci, CR1, CLU, and PICALM and to identify novel AD risk loci; (8) worldwide impact through the establishment of ADNI-like programs in Japan, Australia, Argentina, Taiwan, China, Korea, Europe, and Italy; (9) understanding the biology and pathobiology of normal aging, MCI, and AD through integration of ADNI biomarker and clinical data to stimulate research that will resolve controversies about competing hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis of AD, thereby advancing efforts to find disease-modifying drugs for AD; and (10) the establishment of infrastructure to allow sharing of all raw and processed data without embargo to interested scientific investigators throughout the world.
- Published
- 2015
89. How to shape academic freedom in the digital age? Are the retractions of opinionated papers a prelude to 'cancel culture' in academia?
- Author
-
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
- Subjects
Anti-intellectualism ,Censorship ,Individualism ,Public opinion ,Reputation ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
When academics’ opinions, which are published in academic journals as letters to the editor or commentaries, are retracted based on sensitivities and objections that are raised for example on social media, there needs to be a reflection on what this might represent. On one hand, an opinion is precisely that, i.e., a subjective and biased view about an issue. Those views might even be radical, unpopular, or insensitive, but ultimately approved by editors for publication nonetheless. To maintain a truly sustainable scholarly discourse, the best academic way to counter such opinions is by allowing disagreeing voices to express themselves, also as letters to the editor or commentaries. Pressure-induced retractions of opinions not only stifle academic debate, they send the message that opinions need to be moderated and standardized to meet a publishing market that is being increasingly driven by legal parameters, political correctness, as well as business and commercial values rather than academic ones. In an environment of restrictive academic freedom, what emerges is an academia in which the way things are said, tone, and the sensitivity of those that might be affected are given greater weight than the message itself. By cherry-picking parts of the message that detractors or critics might disagree with, the original message may be drowned out by the noise of the objectors. The struggle of academics to liberally voice their opinions in the scholarly publishing realm, and to preserve those opinions, has never been more acute in this age of misinformation and radicalism fueled by polarized social and mass media. Is the politicization and/or commercialization of academia, alongside the retraction of opinions, stifling open and healthy academic debate, or expressing itself as the retraction of opinions, and does this represent a distinct form of “cancel culture” in academia and academic publishing?
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
90. Editorial: Digital Linguistic Biomarkers: Beyond Paper and Pencil Tests
- Author
-
Gloria Gagliardi, Dimitrios Kokkinakis, and Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
- Subjects
linguistic-based diagnosis ,natural language processing ,clinical linguistics ,computational linguistics ,speech processing and recognition ,machine learning ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
91. mLearning Versus Paper and Pencil Practice for Telling Time: Impact for Attention and Accuracy
- Author
-
Aaron R. Deris, Cynthia F. DiCarlo, and Thomas P. Deris
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Technology ,Treatment design ,IPad app ,05 social sciences ,mLearning ,Math ,050301 education ,Education ,Elementary ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Mathematics education ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Mobile device ,Pencil (mathematics) ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of mLearning or mobile device practice on the attention and accuracy of student's use of math concepts, specifically, telling time. A single subject, alternating treatment design was used to compare mLearning to paper and pencil practice in four 3rd grade male students. Results were mixed; two children were observed to be more on-task during the mLearning practice, and two children were observed to perform similarly across both conditions. Additionally, two children performed similarly on correctly completed problems across both conditions, and two children performed better using paper and pencil practice. All students completed more math problems during the paper and pencil practice.
- Published
- 2021
92. 'Toilet Paper Panic': Uncertainty and Insecurity in Early 1970s Japan
- Author
-
Eiko Maruko Siniawer
- Subjects
Archeology ,History ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Museology ,medicine ,Panic ,Toilet paper ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Psychiatry - Abstract
When toilet paper disappeared from store shelves across Japan in November 1973, the housewives who searched their neighborhood markets and stood in long lines for the scarce packs were described as unwitting perpetrators of a “toilet paper panic.” The word “panic” evoked well-established notions of a social frenzy, irrational and overwrought. This article overturns a conception of panic laden with condescension and adopts, instead, a more empathetic approach to examining why a run on toilet paper and other daily necessities occurred in late 1973, and why it resonated so deeply across Japan as a “panic.” In the broader context of the early 1970s, the toilet paper scare and its characterization as a “panic” can be understood as responses to sweeping and multifaceted economic challenges that destabilized daily life and threatened to upend middle-class lifestyles. After more than fifteen years of high economic growth, that sense of middle-class comfort and security was shaken by shortages and inflation as well as mounting evidence of government ineptitude and corporate profiteering. Buffeted by insecurity and uncertainty, Japanese “middle-classness” as both an experience and an ideal had never seemed as vulnerable as it did in the early 1970s.
- Published
- 2021
93. A Team Science Training Approach to Enhance Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration in Communication Science and Disorders Programs
- Author
-
Wood, Carla, Lugo, Victor A., Garcia-Salas, Miguel, and McCormack, Wayne T.
- Abstract
This paper aims to describe the core components of a cross-disciplinary team science training offered in a Communication Science and Disorders (CSD) program delivered to 17 doctoral scholars in CSD, education, special education, psychology, and social work. The team science training model is offered as one approach to consider in preparing pre-service leaders and faculty in CSD to engage in scientific collaboration with other researchers from different disciplinary backgrounds. In addition to an overview of training, the paper includes preliminary data on participants' perceptions of team science training and recommendations for future offerings. [For corresponding grantee submission, see ED628524.]
- Published
- 2023
94. Supply Of Sainik Mano Vigyan By B S Baghel Hindi Book, Sainik School Entrance Exam Jan 2024 Cl 6, Sainik School Study Guide 2024, Sainik School Previous Year Question Papers, Indian Army On Path To Transformation By Dr R K Guha, Psychology The Soldiers By
- Subjects
India. Indian Army ,Psychology ,Soldiers ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for Supply of Sainik Mano Vigyan By B S Baghel Hindi Book, Sainik School Entrance Exam Jan 2024 Cl 6, Sainik School Study Guide 2024, Sainik School [...]
- Published
- 2023
95. Writing Your Psychology Research Paper
- Author
-
BALDWIN, SCOTT A. and BALDWIN, SCOTT A.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
96. Psychoanalytical Perspective of Shakespeare's Characters in Love
- Author
-
M. Malathy and Senthil Kumar Sivamathiah
- Abstract
This paper delves into the intricate realm of Shakespearean characters in love, employing a psychoanalytical lens to unravel the depths of their emotions, desires, and conflicts. Drawing on psychoanalytic theories, particularly those of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, this paper aims to dissect the subconscious motivations and psychological intricacies of characters such as Romeo and Juliet, Orsino and Viola, and other iconic figures. Through this analysis, the paper seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of how Shakespeare masterfully crafted characters whose emotional journeys resonate with universal human experiences. In addition to exploring the psychoanalytical aspects of Shakespearean characters' love, this paper also investigates the socio-cultural influences shaping their romantic dynamics. By examining the historical context in which these plays were written and performed, it aims to illuminate the ways in which societal norms and expectations intersect with individual psychology to influence characters' behaviors and choices. Furthermore, it analyzes how Shakespeare's portrayal of love reflects broader themes of power, gender, and identity, shedding light on the complex interplay between personal desire and societal constraints in Renaissance England. Through this multidimensional approach, it endeavors to provide a comprehensive examination of Shakespearean love that resonates with contemporary audiences while honoring the timeless brilliance of the Bard's storytelling.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. Linking Positive Psychology with Reciprocal Action Learning
- Author
-
Paul Lyons
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper, intended primarily for practitioners, is to demonstrate how features of psychological capital (PsyCap) may be combined with manager efforts to collaborate with an employee on an action learning project. In reciprocal action learning, manager and employee create a partnership to learn, achieve work-focused goals and advance their relationship. Initiatives aimed at positively stimulating employee assets and psychological or behavioral attributes can overlay the action learning process. Design/methodology/approach: A narrative synthesis was used to examine three sources of empirical research from organizational psychology and human resource management--reciprocity, action learning and PsyCap. Information was integrated to create a guide, a model for managers for use in considering options about how to structure employee and self-learning, as well as options for use in stimulating employee assets and PsyCap. Findings: The approach presented may serve as a practical guide for manager consideration. Research identifies several types of behaviors and activities intended to positively stimulate and reinforce the learning of both participants. The literature on PsyCap offers many initiatives for a manager to consider in assisting an employee to develop talent and positive attitudes. Such efforts have to be carefully tailored to the individual employee, the tasks at hand and the manager's own learning needs. Originality/value: The value of action learning is supported by a relatively large research base. The significance of PsyCap also has substantial support. Innovatively, this paper offers guidance to a manager in consideration of combining the attributes of both concepts to maximize positive effects on learning, personal growth, skill development and work achievement.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Approaching the Self: Alternative Perspectives of Selfwork in Education
- Author
-
Julie Allan and Valerie Harwood
- Abstract
In this paper we respond to this special issue's critical focus on mental health in education by considering the medicalised and homogenising approaches to the mental health of young people and the severely negative consequences for young people. Our argument is underpinned by the need to destabilise the hegemony of the current dominant discourses and practices of mental health used in education. The problem with these discourses and practices, informed by particular forms of psychiatry and psychology, is precisely their dominance and their popularised proxy take-up of these. We firstly outline this problem, explore the emergence and saturation of a 'damaged self' in education and consider the impact on young people. We offer counter-narratives that involve a reframing of the self in relation to ethics, politics, capability and the arts and can assist in countering the psy-dominance in education. The paper concludes with some reflections on how teachers might work against the damaging effects of the psy-disciplines and instead support young people in finding their counter-narrative selves.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Weekly Policy Papers.
- Subjects
MENTAL health ,PUBLIC health ,PSYCHIATRY ,PSYCHOLOGY ,YOUTH - Abstract
The article presents information on EPM Weekly Policy Papers, covering the period from 13 to 17 November 2023. Notably, no government policy papers were published during this timeframe. Parliamentary policy papers include a House of Lords Library briefing on "Mental health support for children and young people," addressing the decline in mental health among youth and recent policies to enhance services.
- Published
- 2023
100. Embedding Music and Music Therapy in Care Pathways for People with Dementia in the 21st Century—a position paper
- Author
-
Helen Odell-Miller
- Subjects
Music ,M1-5000 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Unique music therapy interventions are discussed from a clinical educational and research perspective, demonstrating a current position on music therapy for people living with dementia and their carers. The position paper, adapted from the keynote lecture given at the workshop “Music Selves and Societies” at Cambridge University in 2018, outlines current research and practice across music and music therapy fields, focussing upon embedding music in daily life and care for people living with dementia. Worldwide, around 50m people have dementia; this is estimated to increase to 75.6m in 2030 and 135.5m in 2050. This results in increased demand for long-term care and a need for heightened awareness and capacity for home care in local settings. Distinctions between interventions delivered by music therapists (direct music therapy) and interventions delivered by musicians or carers arising from training from music therapists (indirect music therapy) are discussed. Political and strategic developments for music and dementia are summarized, highlighting the need for increased training in the field and access to music at all stages of dementia. Case study examples are presented to highlight emerging practices and research; for example, couples attending music therapy groups in a rural community setting (Together in Sound) improved relationships and attitudes for people living with dementia. An international trial investigating reading and music interventions for people living with dementia and their homebased family carers (Homeside) is introduced, alongside practice and research in care homes where music therapy had been found to reduce agitation and improve carers’ well-being. Research shows music therapy interventions address personalized needs linked to daily lived experiences. However, indirect music therapy is needed to reach all who can benefit from music and are living with dementia. It is concluded that high quality, accessible music interventions should be embedded in care, and further research is needed to ascertain best practice.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.