1. Surfactant Protein D Deficiency Aggravates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Inflammation by Upregulation of Ceramide Synthesis.
- Author
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Pilecki B, Wulf-Johansson H, Støttrup C, Jørgensen PT, Djiadeu P, Nexøe AB, Schlosser A, Hansen SWK, Madsen J, Clark HW, Nielsen CH, Vestbo J, Palaniyar N, Holmskov U, and Sorensen GL
- Subjects
- A549 Cells, Aged, Animals, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid cytology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid immunology, Ceramides immunology, Female, Humans, Lung immunology, Lung metabolism, Lung pathology, Macrophages immunology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive etiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive pathology, Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D deficiency, Smoking adverse effects, Up-Regulation, Ceramides metabolism, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive immunology, Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D immunology, Smoke adverse effects, Smoking immunology, Nicotiana adverse effects
- Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an important anti-inflammatory protein that regulates host immune defense in the lungs. Here, we investigated the role of SP-D in a murine model of CS-induced inflammation. Pulmonary SP-D localization and abundance was compared between smoker and non-smoker individuals. For in vivo studies, wildtype, and SP-D-deficient mice were exposed to CS for either 12 weeks or 3 days. Moreover, the effect of therapeutic administration of recombinant fragment of human SP-D on the acute CS-induced changes was evaluated. Pulmonary SP-D appeared with heterogenous expression in human smokers, while mouse lung SP-D was uniformly upregulated after CS exposure. We found that SP-D-deficient mice were more susceptible to CS-induced macrophage-rich airway inflammation. SP-D deficiency influenced local pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, with increased CCL3 and interleukin-6 but decreased CXCL1. Furthermore, CS exposure caused significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory ceramides and related ceramide synthase gene transcripts in SP-D-deficient mice compared to wildtype littermates. Administration of recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) alleviated CS-induced macrophage infiltration and prevented induction of ceramide synthase gene expression. Finally, rfhSP-D treatment attenuated CS-induced human epithelial cell apoptosis in vitro . Our results indicate that SP-D deficiency aggravates CS-induced lung inflammation partly through regulation of ceramide synthesis and that local SP-D enrichment rescues CS-induced inflammation.
- Published
- 2018
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