Search

Background: In China, people living with HIV (PLWH) are aging. The study compared prevalence of probable depression between older PLWH and their HIV-negative counterparts, and tested the hypothesis that the between-group difference in depressive symptoms would be mediated by attitudes toward aging.Methods: With informed consent, a cross-sectional survey was conducted via anonymous face-to-face interviews to 337 and 363 HIV-positive and HIV-negative people aged ≥50, respectively, in Yongzhou City, Hunan, China from December 2017 to August 2018. Depression was measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Attitudes toward aging were measured by the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire (subdomains: psychosocial loss, physical change, psychological growth). Bootstrapping analyses were performed to test the mediation hypothesis.Results: The prevalence of probable depression (CES-D ≥ 16) was significantly higher in the HIV-positive group than the HIV-negative group (44.8% versus 20.4%). The HIV-positive participants presented more negative attitudes toward aging (in psychosocial loss and physical change) than their HIV-negative counterparts. Negative attitudes toward aging were associated with more depressive symptoms. Overall attitudes toward aging (effect size=41.3%) and the subdomains of psychosocial loss (effect size=38.5%) and physical change (effect size=16.3%) partially mediated the association between HIV status and depressive symptoms, respectively.Limitations: The cross-sectional design limited the ability of causal inference. Selection bias, information bias, and confounding bias might exist.Conclusions: Older PLWH might be more depressed than their HIV-negative counterparts in mainland China, partially because they possessed more negative attitudes toward aging. Interventions for depression may include components of improving attitudes toward aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients in China, compare their HRQoL with norm population, and examine the associations between the potential influencing factors and HRQoL. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 912 KOA patients from 4 provinces between March and November 2017. All participants were diagnosed according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)'s criterion or the Chinese Medical Association (CMA)'s criterion. Recruited patients were surveyed for HRQoL using the 12-item Short Form (SF-12) and sociodemographic, disease-related factors. We assessed the associations between potential influencing factors and HRQoL using multiple linear regression models. Results: Among the KOA patients, the mean physical component summary (PCS) of HRQoL was 40.91 ± 11.62, lower than norm (P < 0.001). And the mean mental component summary (MCS) was 50.25 ± 11.99, similar to the norm. Patients who were older (β = − 0.155, P = 0.001), women (β = − 4.589, P < 0.001), had ever been treated (β = − 2.426, P = 0.006), had longer course of KOA (β = − 0.164, P = 0.012), and were in early stage (β = − 2.968, P = 0.001) or progressive/late stage (β = − 7.636, P < 0.001) showed lower scores of PCS. Patients who lived in Hunan (β = 4.988, P < 0.001) and had education levels of junior high school (β = 3.134, P = 0.012) or senior high school and above (β = 3.050, P = 0.010) had better mental status. Those suffered from non-knee pains (β = − 2.308, P = 0.027) and with progressive or late KOA (β = − 4.690, P = 0.016) had lower MCS scores. Conclusion: KOA patients had worse physical condition. The mental and physical health of patients were affected by different factors. Targeted management measures should be taken to improve their HRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural land carbon opportunity cost (COC) characterizes potentials for carbon sequestration through ecosystem restoration, which is a critical component for formulating nature-based solutions to mitigate climate change. Yet existing relevant estimates still stayed at global scale, lacking estimates at national and provincial scale. Here, we integrated multi-source downscaled data to estimate the magnitude of land COC for 20 categories of crops and livestock in 30 provinces of China. Results show that beef got the highest land COC with about 29% of the national total, and COC per unit production of beef was much higher than that of other products. The high beef-induced COC was primarily caused by vast amount of grass feed consumed by beef cattle, resulting in native forest land being cleared into grazing land. Moreover, both land COC and crops yield per unit area of cropland enhanced with latitude decrease, but the increase rate of the former was much higher than that of the latter. Therefore, improving utilization efficiency of existing grazing land and raising yields per unit area of existing croplands in low-latitude provinces, rather than clearing new native forest land into grazing land and cropland, would have great functions on declining national total land COC for agricultural products. The research could also contribute to discussions of local tradeoffs between land carbon storage and agricultural production and then inform climate mitigation strategies. • Land carbon opportunity cost (COC) by province-product in China was estimated. • Sichuan, Hunan, and Guangxi had the largest capacity to restore carbon. • Beef production contributed the most (29%) of national total COC. • Land COC per unit yield enhanced substantially with decreasing latitude. • Tradeoffs between carbon stock and agricultural production needs to be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Zhoutan Group and Lower Shenshan subgroup formed at ∼ 850–830 Ma. • The Zhoutan amphibolites originated from the slab fluid-modified E-MORB-like mantle source. • The ∼ 850–830 Ma high-Mg volcanic rocks were derived from the sediment-modified wedge source. • They formed in the fore-arc setting in response to the westward consumption of the Paleo-Hunan Ocean. • The Jiangshan-Shaoxing suture southerly extended into the Yingyangguan area. The amalgamation process and suture boundary of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks have been in hot dispute and attracted considerable attention. Overall, controversies remain on where the closure boundary of the Paleo-Huanan Ocean was and how the Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault southwesterly extended. This paper presents a set of new geochronological, geochemical and Nd isotopic data for the igneous rocks from the Zhoutan and Shenshan groups in Central Jiangxi. The Zhoutan amphibolites formed during the Neoproterozoic (∼850–830 Ma) and experienced the Silurian (∼430 Ma) metamorphism. They have low SiO 2 (49.5–52.9 wt%), Al 2 O 3 (13.48–14.38 wt%), and TiO 2 (0.99–1.57 wt%) contents and K 2 O/Na 2 O values (<1.0), and show E-MORB-resembling REE and PM-normalized pattern, with Nb/La of 0.59–0.88. Their ε Nd (t) values range from + 4.8 to + 5.9, and they were originated from a slab fluid-modified E-MORB-like mantle source. The high-Mg meta -andesite and -dacite rocks from the Zhoutan Group and Lower Shenshan subgroup yield zircon U–Pb mean ages of 850–837 Ma and exhibit 61.4–75.2 wt% SiO 2 and 2.0–4.1 wt% MgO. They are enriched in LILEs and depleted in HFSEs, with Nb/La = 0.21–0.42 and ε Nd (t) = − 3.1 to − 8.9. These high-Mg volcanic rocks were derived from a sediment- modified wedge source. The Shenshan Group is likely to be an equivalent of the Yingyangguan volcano-sedimentary sequence that was split into Lower (853–830 Ma) and Upper (810–740 Ma) subgroups. The Zhoutan and Lower Shenshan igneous rocks formed in a fore-arc setting at the Neoproterozoic period in response to the westward consumption of the Paleo-Hunan Ocean. The Jiangshan–Shaoxing suture extends southwardly into the Yingyangguan area across the Zhoutan–Yangtian area near to the Chenzhou-Linwu fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]