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• Iron coil has the slightest extent of passivation during electrolysis. • Iron coil with square wave alternative current has high current efficiency. • Explored the optimal conditions for electrochemical generation of Fe(VI). • High yield of electrochemical generated Fe(VI) of 0.12 mol/L can be achieved. • DOX and SDZ can be effectively removed by the electrochemically generated Fe(VI). Anode passivation is still a main challenge for the electrochemical generation of ferrate(VI, Fe(VI)), leading to the reduction of Fe(VI) production efficiency. In this study, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electronic microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to select better anode electrode configurations (iron wire, iron gauze, and iron coil). The results indicate that iron coil had the least degree of passivation. Different imposed current waveforms during the electrochemical generation of Fe(VI) were also investigated, and the iron coil imposed with square alternating current (AC) wave can mitigate the anode passivation, resulting in higher Fe(VI) production efficiency. The optimum conditions for the electrochemical generation of Fe(VI) were evaluated and the optimum temperature (40 ℃), current density (10 mA/cm2), AC cycle period (15 s) and electrolyte concentrations (14 M NaOH) were identified. As a result, 0.12 mol/L Fe(VI) concentration and over 50% of current efficiency can be achieved after 3 h electrolysis. The generated Fe(VI) solution was further applied to oxidize doxycycline(DOX) and sulfadiazine(SDZ) as typical antibiotics. Over 80% of DOX can be removed at a Fe(VI) to DOX molar ratio of 5:1 (pH = 4–9), whilst a higher Fe(VI) to SDZ molar ratio of 20:1 (pH = 7) was needed to obtain 75% SDZ removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) affects neuronal plasticity in humans and animals, even if the molecular mechanisms underlying rTMS effects are still not clear. In this study we examined whether low and high frequency rTMS may be neuroprotective. To achieve this aim, we determined Bcl-2/Bax expression in the prefrontal cortex of rats treated with 1 Hz or 5 Hz rTMS for five consecutive days. In addition, we examined CaMKII α and CREB brain plasticity related proteins and their role in regulating Bcl-2/Bax. We found that both 1 Hz and 5 Hz rTMS increase Bcl-2, CaMKII α and CREB expression. Our results suggest that both 1 and 5 Hz rTMS treatment for 5 days may produce neuroprotective effects by increasing expression of neuroprotective Bcl-2. This rTMS- induced Bcl-2 synthesis is likely mediated by the heightened activation and expression of CaMKII α - and CREB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]