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Plant viruses are transmitted through insects, mites, nematodes, and protists. Arthropods as vectors are used by 88% of plant viruses to move from one host to another. Insects are the most prevalent vectors, with aphids accounting for half of all insectvectored viruses. Aphids have been meticulously developed to serve as vectors. Transforming virions into plant cells is facilitated bypiercing–sucking mouthparts that do not cause irreversible damage. With the ability to reproduce asexually, aphid populations can grow incredibly, amplifying disease epidemics and accelerating the spread of viruses over short and vast distances. Aphids significantly reduce crop productivity by spreading numerous plant viruses. Being obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses rely heavily on vectors to spread and survive. Aphids are responsible for the majority of economically significant plant virus transmission and cause heavy crop loss worldwide. Aphids feed on the plant as insect pathogens and carry plant pathogens such as Viruses. Either persistent circulation, non-circulation or not persistently, they spread viruses. The process of plant virus transmission by insects has changed over time and is significantly impacted by the biology and morphology of insects. Much research during the last century has offered an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning virus-vector interactions. The present review discusses the molecular interaction of the virus–vector relationship by Aphids. This will provide a clue to the scientific community to successfully combat aphid infestation in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When droplets are tightly packed in a 2D microchannel, coalescence of a pair of droplets can trigger an avalanche of coalescence events that propagate through the entire emulsion. This propagation is found to be stochastic, i.e., every coalescence event does not necessarily trigger another. To study how the local probabilistic propagation affects the dynamics of the avalanche, as a whole, a stochastic agent-based model is used. Taking as input, (i) how the droplets are packed (configuration) and (ii) a measure of local probabilistic propagation (experimentally derived; function of fluid and other system parameters), the model predicts the average size distribution of avalanches. In this article, we investigate how droplet configuration affects the avalanche dynamics. We find the mean size of these avalanches to depend non-trivially on how droplets are packed together. Large variations in the avalanche dynamics are observed when droplet packing are different, even when the other system properties (number of droplets, fluid properties, channel geometry, etc.) are kept constant. Bidisperse emulsions show less variation in the dynamics and they are surprisingly more stable than monodisperse emulsions. To get a systems-level understanding of how a given droplet-configuration either facilitates or impedes the propagation of an avalanche, we employ a graph-theoretic analysis, where emulsions are expressed as graphs. We find that the properties of the underlying graph, namely the mean degree and the algebraic connectivity, are well correlated with the observed avalanche dynamics. We exploit this dependence to derive a data-based model that predicts the mean avalanche sizes from the properties of the graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis still remains to be a challenge with the currently used immune based diagnostic methods particularly Interferon Gamma Release Assay due to the sensitivity issues and their inability in differentiating stages of TB infection. Immune markers are valuable sources for understanding disease biology and are easily accessible. Chemokines, the stimulant, and the shaper of host immune responses are the vital hub for disease mediated dysregulation and their varied levels in TB disease are considered as an important marker to define the disease status. Hence, we wanted to examine the levels of chemokines among the individuals with drug-resistant, drug-sensitive, and latent TB compared to healthy individuals. Our results demonstrated that the differential levels of chemokines between the study groups and revealed that CXCL10 and CXCL9 as potential markers of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive TB with better stage discriminating abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognition and binding of ice by proteins, crystals, and other surfaces is key for their control of the nucleation and growth of ice. Docking is the state-of-the-art computational method to identify ice-binding surfaces (IBS). However, docking methods require a priori knowledge of the ice plane to which the molecules bind and either neglect the competition of ice and water for the IBS or are computationally expensive. Here we present and validate a robust methodology for the identification of the IBS of molecules and crystals that is easy to implement and a hundred times computationally more efficient than the most advanced ice-docking approaches. The methodology is based on biased sampling with an order parameter that drives the formation of ice. We validate the method using all-atom and coarse-grained models of organic crystals and proteins. To our knowledge, this approach is the first to simultaneously identify the ice-binding surface as well as the plane of ice to which it binds, without the use of structure search algorithms. We show that biased simulations even identify surfaces that are too small or too weak to heterogeneously nucleate ice. The biasing simulations can be used to identify of IBS of antifreeze and ice nucleating proteins and to equilibrate ice seeds bound to an IBS for the calculation of heterogeneous ice nucleation rates using classical nucleation theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane hydrates can be preserved at ambient pressure, beyond their region of thermodynamic stability, by storing them at temperatures from 240 to 270 K. The origin of this anomalous self-preservation is the formation of an ice coating that covers the clathrate particles and prevents further loss of gas. While there have been several studies on self-preservation, the question of what is the mechanism by which ice nucleates on the decomposing clathrate hydrates has not yet been fully explained. Here, we use molecular simulations, thermodynamic analysis, and nucleation theory to investigate possible scenarios for the nucleation of ice: heterogeneous nucleation at the clathrate/vapor or clathrate/liquid interfaces and homogeneous nucleation from supercooled water. Our results indicate that clathrates cannot heterogeneously nucleate ice and that ice nucleation is due to the cooling of water at the decomposing clathrate/liquid interface, which suffices to trigger homogeneous ice nucleation. We find that the (111) face of the sII structure clathrate can bind to the (111) plane of cubic ice or the basal plane of hexagonal ice through domain matching, resulting in a weak binding that—while insufficient to promote heterogeneous ice nucleation—suffices to produce epitaxy and alignment between these crystals. We use thermodynamic relations, theory, and the contact angles of ice at the (111) sII clathrate/liquid interface to determine—for the first time—the interfacial free energy of this most favorable ice-clathrate interface, 59 ± 5 mJ/m2. We discuss the implications of our results for the feasibility of heterogeneous nucleation of gas clathrates at ice/vapor interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a few reports on paraphenylene diamine induced beard dermatitis,[[2]] but to our knowledge, this is the first case report of a beard hair growth oil causing LPP. Beard cosmetics, case report, cosmetics, fragrances, LPP, patch test Keywords: beard cosmetics; case report; cosmetics; fragrances; LPP; patch test EN beard cosmetics case report cosmetics fragrances LPP patch test 130 132 3 07/11/23 20230801 NES 230801 Beard cosmetics are a fast-growing segment of the personal care industry. [Extracted from the article]

A tandem formal [3+3]-cycloaddition/oxidation between chalcones and β-enamine esters, employing iodine as a catalyst, was developed for the construction of various substituted m -terphenyls. A wide range of chalcones and β-enamine esters were tested under metal- and solvent-free conditions for the synthesis of substituted m -terphenyls in good to excellent yields in the presence of sulfur as an oxidant. This reaction proceeds with the formation of four new bonds and one new ring, with a high atom economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft graphs are an interesting way to represent specific information. In this paper, a new form of graphs called Z-soft covering based rough graphs using soft adhesion is defined. Some important properties are explored for the newly constructed graphs. The aim of this study is to investigate the uncertainty in Z-soft covering based rough graphs. Uncertainty measures such as information entropy, rough entropy and granularity measures related to Z-soft covering-based rough graphs are discussed. In addition, we develop a novel Multiple Attribute Group Decision-Making (MAGDM) model using Z-soft covering based rough graphs in medical diagnosis to identify the patients at high risk of chronic kidney disease using the collected data from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on queer studies in South Asia and how it is pushing beyond traditional geopolitical and identitarian boundaries, according to Anjali Arondekar and Geeta Patel. It also examines the ontology of queerness and how it is less subversive than it is simply elsewhere, and highlights the works of several scholars in South Asia who are problematizing the universalising rhetoric surrounding transgender and gender-nonconforming folks.

The article focuses on the author's queer creative practice, which requires a kind of embodied knowing that connects what know in bones to ground beneath feet, while exploring experience in which one leave body and travel unfettered through terrain. Topics include an exploration of experience in which you leave your body and travel through fantastical terrain, as well as religious nationalism and rhetoric of science in neoliberal India and the immigrant experience as a post human epistemology.

Background: Dragon fruit is considered as a fruit crop for the future, having great potential for developing value-added products as the demand for natural and healthy beverages is increasing. The present study was undertaken to standardize blended Ready To Serve beverages from dragon fruit and to evaluate the product quality during storage. Methods: Blended RTS beverages were prepared by mixing dragon fruit juice with that of three common tropical fruits viz., acid lime, pineapple and watermelon in nine different ratios, analyzed for various sensory attributes and compared with that of pure dragon fruit RTS beverage. The best blended beverage selected from each fruit was analyzed for chemical, nutritional and sensory parameters and were stored in transparent glass bottles under ambient storage conditions (27-32°C and 70-83% RH) for 60 days for assessing the shelf stability. Result: TSS, acidity, reducing and total sugars had increased with storage period and ascorbic acid, β-carotene, antioxidant activity and overall acceptability scores had decreased. All the developed blended beverages were microbiologically safe during 60 days of storage with good acceptability. Blended beverages with pineapple or watermelon were economical compared to pure beverage. The study proved that blending of fruit juices in dragon fruit juice is a viable option which could improve the quality and sensory attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), also called as arteria lusoria, is one of the most common aortic arch anomalies. ARSA–esophageal fistula is a rare, life-threatening complication, with only 37 cases reported in literature. We describe a case of a young girl who developed acute episode of massive hematemesis after the recovery from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Computed tomography (CT) angiography showed ARSA with retroesophageal course and active contrast leak in esophagus. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed the site of active contrast extravasation from the ARSA. However, the patient succumbed to hypovolemic shock even before the endovascular or surgical interventions could be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sargassumilicifolium, family Phaeophyceae, commonly known as brown algae, the most interesting phyla with respect to pharmacological active compounds. The ethno -medicinal uses of Sargassumspecies have been reported on chronic gastric ulcer, lump, dropsy, painful scrotum, and urination problems. A number of pharmacological activities have been reported for Sargassum sp. viz antitumor, cytotoxic, anthelmintic, anticoagulant, hepatoprotective effects and inhibition of enzymes like DNA polymerase& xanthine oxidase. Based on these ethno-botanical clues, the present study is to evaluate the bioactivity screening of crude sulphated polysaccharide from marine brown algae S.ilicifolium for its antiulcer activity using isolated chick stomach model. Since there is restriction of usage of animals, there is a need for an alternative approach to explain the action of drug. Hence an attempt was made to find and explain the antiulcer activity using isolated gizzard and proventriculus (stomach) from Gallus gallusdomesticus (Chicken) obtained from slaughter house. Antiulcer activity was evaluated by inducing ulcer with 0.1N HCl in isolated gizzard and proventriculus from chick using Omeprazole -400µg/ml as standard and crude sulphated polysaccharide fromS argassumilicifolium (400µg/ml) as test. There was a significant reduction in ulceration of the isolated proventriculus tissue from Gallus gallus which was administered with crude sulphated polysaccharide (SPS) and Omeprazole when compared to control which showed a complete damage of the proventriculus. It has been concluded that on comparison with standard and control, crude sulphated polysaccharide from Sargassumilicifolium showed antiulcer activity at moderate dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide (β-FeOOH) nanoparticles were prepared by a simple precipitation method assisted by ultrasound at room temperature. Formation of phase pure β-FeOOH material was confirmed through the Reitveld refined XRD and FTIR analysis. The β-FeOOH nanoparticles prepared was found to have a narrow size distribution range with an average particle size of 138 nm. The optical band gap of the material was found to be 2.6 eV. The electrochemical performance of β-FeOOH was studied in a three electrode system using β-FeOOH coated on graphite sheet as the working electrode. The Ag/AgCl and platinum was used as the reference and counter electrodes, respectively. The KOH in distilled water was used as the aqueous electrolyte. The specific capacitance of the above material at a high current density of 1 A/g for 1 M, 3 M and 5 M aqueous KOH electrolyte was found to be 68.66, 138.67 and 88.17 F/g, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the leading causes for infertility in women. One in Five women of the population is affected by PCOS. The synthetic drugs currently used are targeted to provide an artificial support for the hormonal imbalance in the body which leads to various adverse effects. Natural herbs serve as a best remedy for many of the diseases as they cure the root cause and target the disease specifically. Selection of herbs is a crucial part in the formulation. In silico studies play an important role in analyzing the activity of the compound with the selected target. The herbs which had reported biological activity on uterus were selected and their vital chemical constituents were docked with the identified target of PDB ID 3RUK and 1E3K, respectively. The values obtained shows the potential effect of chemical constituent with the suitable target. Among the list of herbs selected, Sesamin from Sesamum indicum and lanosterol from Ficus religiosa had good binding affinity with both the selected proteins and had better drug likeliness properties. Hence, further studies on these compounds for targeting PCOS is expected to give potent activity and produce promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) elimination is possible with the discovery of accurate biomarkers that define the stages of infection. Drug-resistant TB impair the current treatment strategies and worsen the unfavourable outcomes. The knowledge on host immune responses between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant infection is inadequate to understand the pathophysiological differences and disease severity. The secreted proteins, cytokines display versatile behaviour upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and their imbalances often tend to assist disease pathology than protection. Therefore, studying these soluble proteins across TB infection spectrum (drug-resistant TB, drug-sensitive TB, and latent TB) may unveil the disease mediated responses and unique stage specific cytokine signatures. Thus, we sought to determine the plasma cytokine levels from healthy, latently infected, drug-sensitive, and drug-resistant TB individuals. Our study revealed top 8 cytokines (IL-17, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-10, IL-5, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6) and their biomarker abilities to discriminate different stages of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a method to approximate the solutions to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE) using a deep learning feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs). The efficiency of the proposed—unsupervised type machine learning—method is shown by solving two boundary value problems (BVPs) from quantum mechanics and nanofluid mechanics. The proposed mean-squared loss function is the sum of two terms: the first term satisfies the differential equation, while the second term satisfies the initial or boundary conditions. The total loss function is minimized by using general type of quasi-Newton optimization methods to get a desired network output. The approximation capability of the proposed method is verified for two sets of boundary value problems: first, a second-order nonlinear ODE and, second, a system of coupled nonlinear third-order ODEs. Point-wise comparison of our approximation shows a strong agreement with the available exact solutions and/or Runge–Kutta-based numerical solutions. We remark that the proposed algorithm minimizes the overall learnable network hyperparameters in a given initial or boundary value problems. More importantly, for the coupled system of third-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations, the proposed method does not need any adjustment with the initial/boundary conditions. Also, the current method does not require any special type of computational mesh. A straightforward minimization of total loss function yields a highly accurate results even with less number of epochs. Therefore, the proposed framework offers an attractive setting for the fluid mechanics community who are interested in studying heat and mass transfer problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although research on the preparation of metal oxides and other materials for various applications increases exponentially, it is more important to understand the need for eco-friendly methods of preparation to preserve the environment. Most of the methods available today are expensive, environmentally harmful, and inefficient with respect to mass production. The present review has explored the Rheological Phase Reaction (RPR) method, which has been extensively utilized as an eco-friendly industrial method for the preparation of metal oxides and metal oxide/carbon composite for lithium ion battery applications. Based on the literature reports, this review has two motivations: to identify the Rheological Phase Reaction (RPR) as the mass production method for preparing metal oxides, metal oxide/carbon composites, and other materials for different applications, to discuss the preparation steps involved, its advantages, the drawbacks associated; and to give a detailed review of the electrochemical performance of different metal oxides by the RPR method for application on the lithium ion battery, with particular emphasis on lithium trivanadate (LiV3O8). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile, catalyst‐ and solvent‐ free, three‐component reaction was developed for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles at room temperature and under white light. The reaction proceeds via enamine formation between primary amines with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds followed by Michael addition with β‐nitro styrene and subsequent intramolecular cyclization and aromatization to yield 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted pyrroles in good to excellent yields. Further, the present strategy is highly atom‐economical and environmentally benign. The preliminary in vitro cytotoxic studies on a set of compounds were performed against Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and one of the compounds 4 ac showed significant activity with an IC50 value of 17.82 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As VIP passengers generally want to fly civil and executive jets where vibratory and acoustic environment is smoother than on the normal jets. Helicopter interior noise is generated by main and tail rotors, engines, main gearbox, and aerodynamic turbulence (Lu et al., 2018). Because of these sources, the tonal and broadband noise is incredibly high and needs to be reduced. Conventional passive system (soundproofing) is the best way to control the acoustic of the cabin whereas active systems (active vibration and noise control) are not completely reliable or applicable. The design of the soundproofing may be researched by simulation using one of these programs: ANSYS, SOLIDWORKS 2020 and ACOUSTIC analysis Vibroacoustic Monitoring (VAM) approach. The analyses were performed from frequency ranges, 5-10Hz and 0-2000Hz then transformed into frequency velocity domain using Proudman's equations (Lu et al., 2017). Soundproofed ANSYS models are validated using instantaneous sound pressure levels measured within the helicopter during flight. The acoustic detection method for GAZELLE is also performed successfully in SOLIDWORKS for aluminum alloy and titanium alloy, this proves the relationship between acoustic power levels and material configuration. The noise coefficient responses of interior materials are used as main index for soundproofing helicopter interiors. The results of this research can be used for implementation of VAM approach for soundproofing helicopter interiors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) is an alternative medical system and has found acceptance globally for its use of rich medical plants, minerals, and other natural commodities in treating different illness. In November 2020, AYUSH changed its curriculum guidelines for its postgraduate students, which allowed them to perform a variety of general surgery, including orthopedic, ophthalmology, Ear Nose Throat (ENT), and dental treatments. Aim: To assess the awareness and perception among the dentists of these new AYUSH guidelines and to record their opinion. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from January 2021 to February 2021. A self-constructed questionnaire of 15 questions was circulated via google forms. The response was collected from 123 dentists. Statistical analysis was done on the IBM software 24 version. Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between dentists' awareness of dental procedures included under the new AYUSH curriculum and their perception of ayurvedic practitioners performing the dental treatment efficiently. Results: Only 58.5% (n=79) of dentists were aware of the term AYUSH and 53 (43%) dentists were aware of the new guidelines added to the postgraduate curriculum in AYUSH. About, 57.7% of dentists reported that the Ayurvedic practitioners cannot handle the complications occurring during dental procedures. Conclusion: Dentists were not in favor of AYUSH practitioners performing dental treatments. The present study also concluded that dental procedures cannot be effectively and efficiently performed by AYUSH practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aging is a dynamic process that varies from one individual to another and is marked by a reduction in physiological function. With changes caused by aging, it becomes more difficult to maintain balance because motor function involves an interaction of information from visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems that are integrated in the central nervous system. These functional changes may predispose the elderly to balance problems and increase the likelihood of falling. The Aim and Objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between Cognition and Fear of Fall among elderly people. Methodology: A correlation study that includes40 subjects with both genders and mean age of 58.7 ± 4.57 were conducted. Participant's cognitive function and fear of fall were assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination and Activity-specific Balance Confidence Scale. The data were analyzed during Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results showed that there was a positive correlation between Cognition and Fear of Fall among elderly peoples (r=0.8967, p> 0.01). Conclusion: The study concludes that older adults with possible cognitive decline have lower balance confidence, and greater fear of falling which address the needs of early attention in the management of falls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Modern anesthesia practice utilizes preemptive analgesia for providing pain relief postoperatively using oral drugs such as pregabalin and gabapentin which are otherwise used for chronic pain management. We aimed to determine which among the two is more proficient. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blinded control study was done among 72 subjects undergoing lower abdominal surgeries under the subarachnoid block and they were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 received a single dose of tablet pregabalin 150 mg orally, Group 2 received tablet gabapentin 600 mg orally, and Group 3 received placebo drug orally (tablet B-complex) 2 h before subarachnoid block. Pain scores, time of 1st rescue analgesic, total number of rescue analgesics, sedation score, and occurrence of side effects were also noted for 24 h. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 with Chi-square/Fisher's exact test or analysis of variance/Kruskal–Wallis test. A statistically significant difference was considered when P < 0.05. Results: Pain scores were lesser in Group 1 and 2 except at 2nd h. Total rescue analgesic time among maximum subjects in Group 1 was 4 h 30 min, in Group 2 was 3 h 30 min and 4 h, whereas in Group 3 was 3 h (P < 0.001). The total dose of analgesics in the first 24 h was 2 doses in Group 1, 2 doses in Group 2, and 3 doses in Group 3 (P < 0.001). Sedation score was more on Group 1 and 2 in comparison to Group 3 with no side effects in all groups. Conclusions: We conclude that pregabalin to be the effective preemptive drug because of its lesser pain intensity scores and good sedation property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Shivering increases oxygen consumption, lactic acid and CO2 production consequence increase in the CO and minute ventilation. Aim of this study is to compare efficacy of Prophylactic Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate With Meperidine For Prevention Of Shivering During Spinal Anaesthesia Material and Methods: 90 patients between 18 -60 years age, belonging to the ASA grade 1, 2 undergoing surgeries under spinal anesthesia were enrolled into the study. Patients belonging to Group S (control group, n = 30) received saline 10 mL IV, Group MS (magnesium sulphate n = 30) received 30 mg/kg diluted in 10 ml saline IV, whereas those in Group M (Meperidine group, n = 30) received meperidine 0.5 mg/kg diluted in 10 ml saline IV after spinal anesthesia. Incidence and grades of shivering were noted. Data were analyzed using oneway ANOVA test and Chi-square test. Results : The incidence of shivering in Group MS and Group M was significantly low when compared to Group S.Between group MS and M incidence of shivering was significantly less in Magnesium sulphate group than Meperidine with p=0.015. Axillary Temperature did not influence the outcome of study and is not significant. Haemodynamicslike Heart rate was insignificant among groups but pethidine group showed wide fluctuation from baseline. Blood pressure was statistically significant in MS group with p<0.05. Conclusion: MgSO4 and Meperidine significantly reduce the incidence of shivering compared to saline when used as prophylaxis in patients under spinal anesthesia. Magnesium sulfate found to be effective way in reducing severity of the shivering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the largest migrant communities in Australia is the Indian migrant community. Current back pain guidelines recommend assessment of patients' beliefs; however, little is known about these beliefs in Indian communities. We aimed to investigate beliefs about back pain among Indian migrants living in Sydney. An online questionnaire with demographic information, participant characteristics, the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) and open-ended questions relating to beliefs about causes of back pain and treatment preferences was completed by 386 Indian migrants in Sydney. The overall BBQ score was 25.1 ± 6.7. We found significant but slightly more positive beliefs among Indian females than Indian males (standardized regression coefficient, β = 0.134, p = 0.014). Presence and severity of pain did not affect back pain beliefs. There seemed to be a belief in physical and structural/anatomical causes of back pain, and a belief in the effectiveness of exercise, medications, and Indian traditional approaches for pain management. Beliefs of Indian migrants aligned with a "western traditional" biomedical model for the cause of pain, but with a belief in the effectiveness of both Indian traditional and western treatment approaches. Awareness of these beliefs could enable an effective therapeutic alliance between clinicians and Indian patients. Back pain beliefs of Australian Indian migrants are similar to their western counterparts, so the current guidelines for back pain can potentially be implemented without too much adjustment for this migrant community. Awareness of these beliefs is likely to improve the therapeutic alliance between clinician and an Indian migrant patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the examination of increasing interest in emerging pollutants, advanced technologies for emerging pollutants have been focused in the environmental science field. This study focuses on the sulphonamide removal from aqueous phase using designed three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor. The parameters such as pH, particle electrode concentration, initial concentration of sulphonamide and the applied voltage have been studied using batch experiments. Sulphonamide was removed in 60 min at 12 V, pH 3 and 15 g of particle electrode in an electrochemical cell. From fact-finding, it was concluded that the efficiency of the electrochemical reactor increases with a decrease in pollutant concentration with optimum voltage (12 V). SEM-EDS and FTIR have been used for the characterisation of Sulphuric acid-activated Strychnos potatorum particle electrodes (SASP). The removal of sulphonamide using this reactor followed the pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.96) and Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics (R2 = 0.9504). This newly designed three-dimensional reactor is an effective system for the complete removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater and this can be an alternative to the existing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Candidemia is caused by healthcare-associated bloodstream infections ranking as a fifth cause especially in the United States as well as in european countries among intensive care units (ICUs). Despite ongoing advances in diagnostics and medical interventions, it remains associated with high mortality rates, along with the prolonged duration of hospitalization and elevated health care costs. the aim of the study is to characterize Candida species and to investigate the antifungal resistance pattern from blood samples in a tertiary Care centre. 53 known Candida isolates from blood samples of various wards and iCUs were collected. All isolates are processed and speciated by the conventional identification method demonstrating its various virulence factors phenotypically and AFSt patterns were studied. in the present study, among 53 Candida isolates, 25 (47.16%) C. tropicalis is a predominant pathogen followed by 11 (20.75%) C. parapsilosis, 9 (16.98%) C. albicans, 4 (7.54%) C. glabrata and 4 (7.54%) C. krusei. Phospholipase activity was observed in 30 (56.60%) isolates, 36 (67.92%) showed hemolysin production. AFSt showed 15 (28.30%) isolates being resistant to Fluconazole and 2 (3.77%) showed resistance to Amphotericin B. the prevalence of candidemia was high, the fatality rate was alarming and non-albicans Candida species were predominant and fluconazole was the least effective drug owing to the high level of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing become increasingly more famous consistently, as numerous associations tend to outsource their information. With the outbreak of email message leakage, the protection and security of sensitive email data have become clients' essential concerns. Encrypted email data is a superior method to ensure security, yet it will enormously restrict the searching. To take care of this difficulty keyword-based search over encrypted information is presented. The current search strategies permit the client to search utilizing just the specific keywords. There is no capacity to bear errors and format irregularities. In order to overcome those drawbacks, optimal secured fuzzy-based multi-keyword search over encrypted email data is proposed here. The email sender encrypts the email data before outsourcing the data to a cloud server. For encryption, the proposed method utilizes the optimal secure XOR (OSXOR) encryption algorithm. Here the key value is optimally selected by the mayfly optimization algorithm (MOA). After the encryption, the encrypted email is outsourced to the cloud server. The data owner creates an encrypted searchable index using an input file to enable querying across encrypted emails and then assigns either the index or the gathering of encrypted messages to a cloud server. The receiver receives them from the cloud server and is fed back information, but it is unable to comprehend the signal. The recipient of the encrypted email can decode it and create a search trapdoor in the encrypted email database. For searching, fuzzy-based multi-keyword search is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is analyzed in terms of different metrics namely, Memory Usage, Execution time, Encryption and decryption time and search time. The experimental result shows that the proposed method takes a minimum search time is 0.51 s and it achieves maximum searching accuracy of 98%. The implementation is done in JAVA with a Cloud simulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral disease and mainly infects infants and young children below five years of age. It's caused by Enterovirus, most commonly the Coxsackie virus. The viruses that cause HFMD spread through close personal contact, through the air from coughing and the faeces of an infected person. This viral infection is not indigenous to one area in particular but occurs worldwide. The symptoms mainly include fever, sore throat, feeling sick, painful, blister-like lesions on the tongue, gums and inside of the cheeks, a rash on the palms, soles and sometimes the buttocks. Molecular testing is done based on the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cases of HFMD are on the rise and clinicians need to know how to make the diagnosis. The majority of patients with coxsackievirus-induced hand, foot, and mouth disease are treated usually as outpatients, but those who have CNS involvement may require admission for close monitoring. Most patients with HFMD fully recover within 7-21 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cast post is a one-piece unit that is custom fabricated for the tooth at the dental laboratory. Traditional extracts such as neem and green tea have good antimicrobial and antioxidant activity against pathogens. The empty canal space may provide a suitable environment for promoting bacterial growth. The main aim of the study is to find the antimicrobial activity of the cast post coated with the nanoparticle. Prepared cast post was coated with prepared green tea and neem-mediated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Culture is done in agar media where control is noncoated post and another is nanoparticle coated post was implanted in the agar media. The zone of inhibition was noted and statistical analysis was done. The maximum zone of inhibition found on Candida albicans (19.333 2.081) followed by Enterococcus faecalis (14.000 3.605), and Streptococcus mutans (12.666 2.516). Green tea and neem-mediated ZnO nanoparticle showed good antimicrobial activity against the tester microorganism. Cast post coated with nanoparticles has been proved to be important as it is helpful in the prevention of origin and spread of infection around the canal and through the apical foramen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of electrical energy has greatly increased lately, and the requirement of portable charge storage devices has also increased. To fulfill this, a versatile rare earth element CeO2 in nanoparticle form is selected and synthesized through a cost effective precipitation method for supercapacitor application. To improve its efficiency, 2% and 4% of transition metal chromium were doped into the ceria lattice, and their electrochemical properties were studied. The cubic fluorite structure with an average crystallite size of all the samples was 16 nm, which was confirmed through x-ray diffraction analysis. Peculiar rice shaped clusters are observed for 2% Cr doped samples through field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The N2 adsorption desorption studies were performed to calculate the surface area of the prepared samples. A maximum specific capacitance of 42.6 F g−1 was obtained for the 2% Cr doped CeO2 sample at 5 mV s−1 in 2M KOH in cyclic voltammetric studies. The galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were also taken to analyze the charge–discharge cycles and stability of the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human body needs calcium (Ca) to maintain strong bones and teeth and to build a strong structure, helping muscles contract and playing a crucial role in the structural and signalling process. However, low calcium consumption in the diet has related to a variety of disorders in humans, which can have long-term health repercussions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the Ca biofortification capacity of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) supplied with different Ca-supplying inorganic fertilizer sources at various fixed levels based on soil liming potential grown in open field conditions where four hybrids of cabbage grown in Ca deficient acidic soil. Ca applied as Limestone (CaCO3) (150% and 175% liming potential) and Dolomitic limestone [CaMg(CO3)2]150% liming potential yield high Ca content in cabbage head and foliage (61.3 mg 100 g-1), high glucosinolates content (53.12 mg 100 g-1) and lower oxalate(0.31 mg 100 g-1) that produced firmer head as compared with Ca untreated control which also promoted high market value for Ca biofortified ones. On the other hand, Ca addition leads to lower Fe and Mg content in the cabbage tissues due to an antagonistic effect. All four hybrids of cabbage studied using the agronomic method of biofortification significantly(p=0.05) improved Ca enrichment (20% more compared to control) without showing any toxicity symptoms making possibility to obtain Ca biofortified cabbage in acidic soil of a hilly ecosystem by application of liming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncocytes are epithelial cells having abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The presence of oncocytes in salivary glands pose a diagnostic challenge since they can be present in lesions ranging from non-neoplastic, benign to malignant. FNAC is a simple procedure which can aid in the pre-operative diagnosis of these lesions. This study is an eight year retrospective study in which salivary gland aspiration cytology cases having oncocytic cells and with available corresponding histopathology were included. These slides were reviewed for features like cellularity, presence of oncocytic cells, glandular elements, squamoid cells, nuclear atypia, mitosis, lymphoid tissue, necrosis. Twenty cases were included in the study. The mean age of presentation was 60 years showing male preponderance with parotid gland being the most common site of involvement. Concordant diagnosis on cytology and histopathology was seen in 16 cases and discordance was seen in 4 cases. All the discordant cases were reported as benign on cytology but on histopathology they were labelled as acinic cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and an intraparotid lymph node respectively. Review of discordant cases showed subtle findings like ill-formed acini, cytoplasmic vacuolation, goblet cells and dysplastic foci raising suspicion of a different diagnosis. The potential areas of pitfall and cause of discrepancy have been discussed in this study. It is crucial to be aware of the spectrum of lesions in which oncocytes are seen, to enable an accurate diagnosis on cytology. Careful evaluation of smears for subtle clues can minimize errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) and cod liver oil (CLO) possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. The objective of the study was to test the ability of a blend (BLO) of VCO and CLO to improve endurance performance in the mouse model. The nutritional profile, viscosity, and free fatty acid (FFA) content were analysed. Mice were randomly divided into the four groups: control, VCO, CLO, and BLO group. Endurance studies were carried out for 4 weeks. The endurance potential was investigated based on exhaustive swimming, forelimb grip strength test, biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. As expected, the BLO contained essential fatty acids such as polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Vitamin A, and Vitamin E. The viscosity, triglyceride, and FFA content were 54mPas, 95%, and 0.6%, respectively. Animal studies showed no toxicity in tissues. The BLO-supplemented group demonstrated substantially higher score in exhaustive swimming and forelimb grip strength test, a decrease in the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and creatine kinase (CK) levels, a substantial decrease in fibrotic changes in the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart, with more glycogen deposits in the skeletal muscle and elevated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator (PGC)-1α compared to the controls. These results suggest that, the BLO improves the endurance potential via activation of PGC-1α signalling and may be used as a food supplement to improve an athlete's endurance potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chemical peels have become a useful modality in the management of acne in addition to topical and systemic medications. Studies done to evaluate the effectiveness of peels have compared only lower concentration of Glycolic Acid (GA) (35%) and Salicylic Acid (SA) peels. Higher concentrations of glycolic acid i.e., (70%) are reported to be safe and more effective than lower concentrations. Despite reported advantages of higher concentration of glycolic acid peel, no published data is available regarding its efficacy, safety and tolerability in comparison with other peels. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of 70% GA peel with 30% SA peel in the management of mild to moderate acne. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted from December 2021 to April 2022 in which, 60 participants were enrolled. They were diagnosed with mild to moderate acne, based on the Indian Acne Alliance (IAA) grading system and all of them underwent chemical peel treatment. Among them 30 had received 70% GA peel (group 1) and 30 had received 30% SA peel (group 2). The number of sittings and the individual lesional count at baseline and at each sitting were recorded. Acne lesional count (sum of comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules) was recorded at baseline, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Categorical variables were presented as frequency and percentages. Continuous variables were presented as Mean±Standard deviation. Results: There was a significantly greater decrease in mean acne lesional count in group 2 from the baseline of 25.73 to 13.83 at the end of 2nd week in comparison to group 1 wherein the values reduced from 26.30 to 17.73 (p-value of 0.003). At the end of eight weeks, the mean acne lesional count of both groups (group 1-2.17 and group 2-1.50, p-value of 0.097) were comparable. Conclusion: Higher concentration of GA (70%) has comparable effectiveness to 30% SA peel in management of mild to moderate acne. SA peel has an advantage of earlier decrease in lesional count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral hybrid lead halide perovskites show interesting chiral optoelectronic properties. The extent of chirality is often estimated by their circular dichroism (CD) response. Here, we show that the CD data depend strongly on film morphology. Four of the six chiral hybrid lead halide films prepared, 2D (R- and S-MBA)2PbI4 and 1D (R- and S-MBA)PbI3 (MBA: methylbenzylammonium), form homogenous non-textured films and show an isotropic CD signal. In contrast, the other two samples, 1D (R- and S-MBA)PbBr3, form textured films, showing uncorrelated CD signals from different parts of the film. Therefore, the role of film morphology needs to be verified before designing and comparing the chiroptic and chiral optoelectronic properties of hybrid perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unprofessional behaviours of healthcare staff have negative impacts on organisational outcomes, patient safety and staff well-being. The objective of this study was to undertake a qualitative analysis of narrative responses from the Longitudinal Investigation of Negative Behaviours survey (LION), to develop a comprehensive understanding of hospital staff experiences of unprofessional behaviours and their impact on staff and patients. The LION survey identified staff experiences and perceptions related to unprofessional behaviours within hospitals. Methods: Two open-ended questions within the LION survey invited descriptions of unprofessional staff behaviours across seven hospitals in three Australian states between December 2017 and November 2018. Respondents were from medical, nursing, allied health, management, and support services roles in the hospitals. Data were qualitatively analysed using Directed Content Analysis (DCA). Results: From 5178 LION survey responses, 32% (n = 1636) of participants responded to the two open-ended questions exploring staff experiences of unprofessional behaviours across the hospital sites surveyed. Three primary themes and 11 secondary themes were identified spanning, i) individual unprofessional behaviours, ii) negative impacts of unprofessional behaviours on staff well-being, psychological safety, and employee experience, as well as on patient care, well-being, and safety, and iii) organisational factors associated with staff unprofessional behaviours. Conclusion: Unprofessional behaviours are experienced by hospital staff across all professional groups and functions. Staff conceptualise, perceive and experience unprofessional behaviours in diverse ways. These behaviours can be understood as enactments that either negatively impact other staff, patients or the organisational outcomes of team cohesion, work efficiency and efficacy. A perceived lack of organisational action based on existing reporting and employee feedback appears to erode employee confidence in hospital leaders and their ability to effectively address and mitigate unprofessional behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Current diagnostic methods used in Central Nervous System Tuberculosis (CNS TB) are limited by the paucibacillary nature of this form of tuberculosis. Posterior pituitary bright spot (PPBS) refers to an area of T1 hyperintensity in the posterior pituitary in MR imaging of the brain. It is found in 80–90% of healthy children and adults. In children with CNS TB, nearly half have absence of PPBS. This finding has not been described in adults. Our study looked for absence of PPBS in MR imaging and its association with CNS tuberculosis. Objective: To study prevalence of the absence of PPBS in patients with CNS tuberculosis when compared to a control group of normal patients. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study of 100 patients with CNS tuberculosis and 200 controls (matched in 1:2 ratio) of patients with normal MRI brain. The MRI images were presented to a blinded radiologist in a randomised sequence to report for absence of PPBS. The data was subsequently analysed to look for association of absence of PPBS with CNS tuberculosis. Results: Absence of PPBS (cases (47%), controls (8.5%)) was significantly associated with CNS tuberculosis in (Odds ratio-7.90, 95%CI 4.04–15.44, P-value<0.0001). The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and positive likelihood ratio are 91.5%, 47%, 73.4% and 5.53 respectively. Adding of absence of PPBS as an additional radiological feature in diagnosis of CNS TB increased the sensitivity from 77% to 84%. Conclusion: Absence of PPBS is significantly associated with CNS tuberculosis and could be a relatively simple diagnostic aid in the diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyse the content of online reviews posted by hospital employees on job websites for themes of organisational culture. 103 anonymous online reviews across three job websites, posted by hospital employees of four hospitals within an Australian health network were extracted. Reviews had been posted across a period of six years, from 2014 to early 2020. Sentiment rating based on user-allotted ratings on the selected websites was calculated. The sentiment score was validated against the textual content of the review to confirm employee recommendation and sentiment. Sentiment was coded as neutral, positive, or negative. Significant keywords, associations, and usage within the context of identified sentiment were deductively coded and clustered manually against eight pre-determined safety culture themes. These themes were derived from the most used assessment tools for self-reported measures of occupational health and safety, and safety culture in healthcare. Workers across clinical roles (n = 49) and non-clinical roles (n = 50) were evenly represented in the dataset. 35.9% of commenters (n = 37) reported their length of employment in the hospitals that they reviewed. Most online employee reviews addressed broad themes related to perceptions of management (n = 98), safety climate (n = 97), teamwork climate (n = 91) and working conditions (n = 98). A significant set of reviews addressed themes related to job satisfaction (n = 49) and learning, training, and development (n = 41). 72.8% of online reviews (n = 75) expressed positive sentiment towards their employer. Reviews expressing negative sentiment were largely posted by former employees and indicated areas of discontent that reflected organisational and systemic factors. Online employee reviews posted by hospital workers on job sites provide valuable insights into healthcare organisational culture. Therefore, employee online reviews could be used as a supplementary source of data to inform organisational employee engagement initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasite which resides in the infected sand flies. Control of Leishmaniasis remains a source of grave concern worldwide. Studies on Leishmaniasis triggered because of its outbreak in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, East Africa and South America. There is an urgent need for new therapeutic interventions such as vaccine and new drug targets as it develops resistance towards the available drugs. Quercetin, a derivative of polyphenolic flavonoid exhibits various biological activities by interacting with proteins and nucleic acids. In this study, computational analysis was performed to identify the potential drug target of Quercetin in Leishmania species by molecular docking. The newly predicted targets were subjected for subcellular localization prediction and determined the protein-protein interaction networks that would aid in the development of anti-Leishmanial drugs. This study helps in the identification of targets and development of anti-Leishmanial drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current scenario, microbial infections are major concern and they multiply so rapidly throughout the world; also, they cause serious bio illness and can even results in death among humans. Complexes framed by crystalline metal ions have been used as medications, because of a wide range of organic activities against harmful microorganisms. In the present study, greenish blue potassium tetrachlorocuprate (II) dihydrate K2CuCl4.2H2O crystalline precipitates were prepared by solvent evaporation method at ambient temperature. This complex was found in nature as a rare mineral Mitscherlichite. For finding the crystalline parameters of the sample, a Single-crystal XRD analysis was used and the data confirms. K2CuCl4.2H2O crystallizes into a tetragonal structure. The formation of bonds and the presence of functional groups in the complex were determined from Surface morphology studies, the very clear morphology of the complex has smoothing surface, defect-free, small microstructures and stacklike shapes of a well-defined crystalline pattern. Also, addition, optical analysis supports that its possibility in antimicrobial applications. The sample shows comparatively good results in positive control of antibacterial and antifungal activities, namely Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol and Clotrimazole. IC50 and optical density (OD) values were used to determine the cytotoxicity and cell viability, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity of MTT assay shows in graphical abstract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Content‐based medical image retrieval (CBMIR) is a mechanism to handle a huge quantity of image data generated in various medical imaging modalities. In recent years, due to the evolution of computer vision and digital imaging modalities, a large number of medical images are generated. Consequently, the task of retrieving medical images from a large image database becomes more tedious due to variation in the size and shape of the images. Hence, it is necessary to design an appropriate system for medical image retrieval. In this paper a methodology for CBMIR using features of an image such as colour, shape, and texture is proposed to represent and retrieve the images from a large database that are relevant to a given query image. This methodology is evaluated for the application of retrieving the brain MRI images of different planes (coronal, sagittal, and transverse) from a dataset of normal and demented subjects. The features are determined in terms of Grey level co‐occurrence based Haralik's features and histogram based cumulative distribution function (CDF). The image retrieval mechanism is designed using the K‐Nearest Neighbour algorithm by finding the minimum distance between query and database images. The performance parameters such as precision and recall are calculated. The average accuracy of 95.5% are obtained. The results provided ensures the capability to use it as assistive framework for radiologists in radiology image retrieval and classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing energy storage performance requires the integration of both battery and supercapacitor advantages into a hybrid device. This study focuses on the strategic combination of positive (battery-like) and negative (electrical double layer, EDL) electrode materials in a single device, known as a supercapattery. Cobalt zinc manganese oxide (CZMO) ternary composite and polyaniline (PANI) are synthesized via hydrothermal and polymerization methods, respectively. The CZMO/PANI composite is prepared using a physical blending method. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the composition of CZMO/PANI, while surface morphological analysis (FESEM and HRTEM) demonstrated successful intercalation between CZMO nanorods and the PANI matrix. XPS and BET analyses are employed to examine the chemical composition and surface area of the composite. Electrochemical performance of CZMO, PANI, and CZMO/PANI is individually analyzed using a three-electrode system. It is evident that the CZMO/PANI composite exhibits a better specific capacity (340 C g−1) than CZMO and PANI. The two-electrode system (device), embodying CZMO/PANI as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, exhibits promising Specific energy 30.75 Wh kg−1 and specific power 820 W kg−1. Based on these results, it is evident that the CZMO/PANI composite will be a viable option for supercapattery applications. [Display omitted] • The CZMO/PANI composite was prepared using a physical blending method. • The electrochemical analysis is used to study the energy storage behavior of the synthesized materials. • A specific capacity of 340 C g−1 was achieved at a current density of 1A/g. • The device demonstrates maximum specific energy of 30.25 Wh/kg and a specific power of 5740 W kg−1. • Capacitive and diffusion contributions of the CZMO-PANI//AC confirm the hybrid energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A three-dimensional Co-MOF/CNF composite is synthesized via simple ultrasonication. • An excellent electrocatalytic activity of OER and HER: 250 mV and 193 mV at 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH. • A low-cost approach is being developed to produce high-activity electrocatalysts. • Overall water splitting at 10 mA/cm2 was achieved at an overall voltage of 1.49 V. The electrocatalyst Co-MOF/CNF microstructure exhibits excellent stability and charge transfer efficiency synthesized via ultrasonication technique. The composite has a lower Rct value of 2 Ω. The larger Cdl value of Co-MOF/CNF (12.3 mF/dec) is responsible for the high catalytic activity for both HER and OER reactions. The composite has strong catalytic activity in HER and OER, with low overpotentials of 193 mV and 250 mV at 10 mA/cm2. Furthermore, excellent water electrolyzer activity was achieved by Co-MOF/CNF||Co-MOF/CNF with a cell voltage of 1.49 V at 10 mA/cm2 and is stable over 24 h, proving the long-term efficacy in sustainable energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to evaluate the intrareader and interreader agreement of ultrasound (US) gallbladder reporting and data system (GB-RADS) and validate the risk of malignancy in each GB-RADS category. This retrospective study comprised consecutive patients with nonacute gallbladder wall thickening who underwent US evaluation between January 2019 and December 2022. Three radiologists independently read the static US images and cine-loops for GB-RADS findings and assigned GB-RADS categories. The intraobserver (static images) and interobserver (static images and cine-loops) agreement was calculated using kappa statistics and Krippendorff's alpha. Another radiologist assigned a consensus GB-RADS category. The percentage of malignancy in each GB-RADS category was calculated. Static US images of 414 patients (median age, 56 years; 288 women, benign = 45.6% and malignant = 54.4%) and cine-loops of 50 patients were read. There was weak to moderate intrareader agreement for most GB-RADS findings and moderate intrareader agreement for the GB-RADS category for all readers. On static images, the interreader agreement was acceptable for GB-RADS categories. On cine-loops, the interreader agreement for GB-RADS findings and categories was better than static images. The percentage of malignancy was 1.2%, 37%, 71.1%, and 89.1% in GB-RADS 2, 3, 4, and 5 categories. GB-RADS has moderate intrareader for GB-RADS categories. As originally proposed, the risk of malignancy is negligible in GB-RADS 2 category and highest in GB-RADS 5 category. However, the discriminatory performance of GB-RADS 3 and 4 categories is low. Larger multicenter studies with more readers must assess the reader agreement and validate the GB-RADS systems for wider clinical utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NiMoO 4 with different morphology has been synthesized through hydrothermal method. • NiMoO 4 with flower-like morphology possesses a high SC of 947 F g −1 at 1 Ag−1. • Both Ni2+/Ni3+ and Mo6+/Mo4+ are involved in the charge storage mechanism. • A hybrid supercapacitor rGO||NiMoO 4 can exhibit an energy density of 37.7 Wh kg−1. • The supercapacitor possesses 94 % capacitance retention after 6000 cycles. The electrochemical performance of electrode materials depends on various physicochemical properties like particle size, morphology, porosity, etc. of materials. Herewith, a facile surfactant assisted hydrothermal route using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) is used to successfully synthesize nanostructured nickel molybdate (NiMoO 4) with various morphologies. It is found that NiMoO 4 possesses different morphologies when synthesized by using these surfactants. With change in morphology, there is a significant increase in diffusion coefficient for sample synthesized with CTAB. It is interesting to note that NiMoO 4 synthesized by using CTAB exhibit a high specific capacitance of 947 F g −1 when cycled at 1 A g −1 in 1 M KOH solution as compared to that of 322 F g −1 (synthesized without CTAB), which can be ascribed to its flower-like shape with uniform porosity. Both Ni2+/Ni3+ and Mo6+/Mo4+ redox couples are involved in the capacitive characteristic of NiMoO 4 , as found from the XPS study. Additionally, a hybrid supercapacitor has been assembled using NiMoO 4 as positive electrode and reduced grapgene oxide (rGO) as negative electrode, which can exhibit 107 F g −1 with an operating voltage of 1.6 V with excellent cycling stability of maintaining 94 % capacitance retention after 6000 cycles in 1 M KOH solution. The hybrid supercapacitor can possess an energy density of 37.7 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 8 kW kg−1. Thus, this study enables the importance of tuning the morphology to enhance the capacitance property of transition metal oxide based electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]