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Pomatomus saltator (Linnaeus, 1766) Temnodon saltator: Liebman, 1934. Pomatomus saltatrix: Hornell, 1935; Bodenheimer, 1937; Ben-Tuvia, 1953a; Perlmutter, 1956; Shmida, 1968 (Feed.; Heb.); Lourie, 1972 (Ichthyoplan., Heb.); Ben-Tuvia, 1983c (Heb.). Pomatomus saltarix: Ben-Tuvia, 1971a. Pomatomus saltator: Golani, 1996; Golani, 1997 (Heb.); Golani, 2005; Sonin, 2009 (Heb.); Edelist et al., 2011a (Fish.); Frid, 2015 (Fish.). RACHYCENTRIDAE * Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) Rachycentron canadum: Ben-Tuvia, 1985; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1986; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1989; Golani, 1996; Golani & Ben-Tuvia, 1996; Golani, 1998a; Golani, 1998b; Golani, 2002a; Golani, et al., 2002; Golani, 2005. ECHENEIDAE, Published as part of Golani, Daniel, 2021, An updated Checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel, with illustrations of recently recorded species and delineation of Lessepsian migrants, pp. 1-108 in Zootaxa 4956 (1) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4691195, {"references":["Liebman, E. (1934) Contribution to the knowledge of Palestine sea fishes. Rapport et Proces-Verbaux des Reunion, 8, 317 - 327.","Hornell, J. (1935) Report on the Fisheries of Palestine. Government of Palestine. Crown Agent for the Colonies, London, 106 pp.","Bodenheimer, F. S. (1937) Prodromus Faunae Palestinae. Mem. Inst. Egypt, 233, 271 - 275.","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1953 a) Mediterranean fishes of Israel. Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station, Haifa, 8, 1 - 40.","Shmida, A. (1968) The food of pelagic carnivores from the coast of Israel, summer 1967. Fisheries and Fishbreeding in Israel, 2 (4), 17 - 23. [in Hebrew]","Lourie, A. (1972) Distribution and occurrence of the young stages of fishes in the upper layers along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. M. Sc. Thesis. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 85 pp. [in Hebrew]","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1983 c) Edible fish. In: Fischelson, L. (Ed.), Plants and Animals of the Land of Israel. Vol. 4, Ministry of Defense Publication, Tel-Aviv, pp. 40 - 45. [in Hebrew]","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1971 a) Revised list of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 20, 1 - 39.","Golani, D. (1997) Handbook of the Fishes of Israel. Keter Publishing House Ltd. Jrusalem. 269 pp. [in Hebrew].","Edelist, D., Sonin, O., Golani, D., Rilov, G. & Spanier, E. (2011 a) Spatiotemporal patterns of catch and discards of the Israeli Mediterranean trawl fishery in the early 1990 s: ecological and conservation perspectives. Scientia Marina, 75 (4), 641 - 652. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2011.75 n 4641","Frid, O. (2015) Gear selectivity and seasonality in Israeli gill and trammel net fisheries. M. SC. thesis. University of Tel-Aviv, 58 + 2 pp.","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1985) The impact of the Lessepsian (Suez Canal) fish migration on the eastern Mediterranean ecosystem. In: Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M. & Kiortsis, V. (Eds.), Mediterranean Marine Ecosystems. Plenum Publishing Corporation, pp. 367 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4899 - 2248 - 9 _ 17","Golani, D. & Ben-Tuvia. A. (1986) New records of fishes from the Mediterranean coast of Israel including Red Sea immigrants. Cybium, 10, 285 - 291.","Ben-Tuvia, A. & Golani, D. (1989) A new species of goatfish (Mullidae) of the genus Upeneus from the Red Sea and the eastern Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 36, 103 - 112.","Golani, D. (1998 a) Distribution of Lessepsian migrant fish in the Mediterranean. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65 (suppl.), 95 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250009809386801","Golani, D. (1998 b) Impact of Red Sea fish migrants through the Suez Canal on the aquatic environment of the easrern Mediterranean. Bullitin of the Yale School of Forestry and Environment Studies, 103, 375 - 387.","Golani, D. (2002 a) Lessepsian fish migration - charaterization and impact on the eastern Mediterranean. In: Ozturk, B. & Basusta, N. (Eds.), Workshop on Lessepsian Migration Proceedings. Turkish Marinre Research Foundation, Istanbul, 9, pp. 1 - 9."]}

The bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (Linneus 1766) is captured by industrial, artisanal, and recreational fisheries throughout its distribution range. The reproductive biology of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic was studied using 1,102 specimens captured by the Brazilian commercial fleet between March 2014 and December 2015. The recruitment period was identified from records of juveniles in experimental beach seine hauls carried out on sandy beaches in the external sector of Guanabara Bay for four years (2012–2015). Based on the reproductive indices and on the macro- and microscopic analyses of the gonads, spawning peaks were identified in autumn and spring. The size at first maturity was estimated at 35.5, 38.3, and 37.4 cm for females, males, and general, respectively. Ovary analyses and measurements of the oocyte diameters indicated that bluefish are multiple spawners with asynchronous oocyte development. The batch fecundity estimate was 202,752.5 eggs and ranged from 9,800.9 to 426,787.0 eggs. The species reproduces throughout the entire study area, but it is more active in the south of Arraial do Cabo. The young-of-the-year were recorded on shallow water in all seasons, with modal peaks in the summer months. The parameters estimated in this study expand and update information on this species, providing important data for the evaluation and fisheries management of the stock of P. saltatrix in the southwestern Atlantic.

Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus 1766) ���Bluefish Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Pomatomus saltatrix, L. = Temnodon saltator, Bl. Schn. by Gruvel (1931: 109); subsequently recorded as Pomatomus saltator (Linnaeus 1758) by George et al. (1964: 18); as Pomatomus saltator (Linnaeus) by Mouneimn�� (1977: 63); as Pomatomus saltator (Linnaeus 1766) by Mouneimn�� (2002: 140). Material in collection: AUBM, MCZ, BMNH and USNM (as P. saltator). Distribution. Circumglobal in tropical through temperate seas (including Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea) but excluding eastern and northwestern Pacific. Conservation. IUCN: Global (VU: A2bd, 7 July 2014); Med. (NE). Capture and threats: Unknown. Occurrence: Rare. Significant increase in the last two decades. Low priority for conservation action., Published as part of Bariche, Michel & Fricke, Ronald, 2020, The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status, pp. 1-157 in Zootaxa 4775 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4775.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3983887, {"references":["Gruvel, A. (1931) Les Etats de Syrie. Richesses marines et fluviales. Exploitation actuelle-Avenir. Societe d'Editions Geographiques, Maritimes et Coloniale, 453 pp.","George, C. J., Athanassiou, V. A. & Boulos, I. (1964) The fishes of the coastal waters of Lebanon. Miscellaneous Papers in the Natural Sciences. The American University of Beirut, 4, 1 - 24.","Mouneimne, N. (1977) Liste des poissons de la cote du Liban (Mediterranee orientale). Cybium, 3 (1), 37 - 66.","Mouneimne, N. (2002) Poissons marins du Liban et de la Mediterranee orientale. INCAM-EU / CNRS Lebanon, Beyrouth, 271 pp."]}

Pomatomus saltatrix is a globally distributed pelagic mesopredator which is exploited heavily throughout its range. Despite the implementation of strict management strategies, the southwest Pacific Ocean (eastern Australian) population has limited published information about the life history of this important fishing species. This thesis has 4 main chapters which investigate growth and mortality, diet, juvenile habitat use and the reproductive biology of the southwest Pacific Ocean population of P. saltatrix, locally known as tailor. By validating a whole otolith ageing technique and using a model selection process with 8 candidate growth models, I showed that the Schnute growth equation provided the best fit and yielded parameter values of a = 0, b = 2.49, size at age 1 = 25.46 cm fork length (FL) and size at age 4 = 46.34 cm FL. P. saltatrix in the southwest Pacific had a similar growth rate to other global populations, with the exception of the northwest Atlantic population which shows a considerably faster growth rate. Using a length frequency representative of harvested P. saltatrix and a catch curve analysis, instantaneous total mortality rate (Z) for the southwest Pacific population was estimated to be 1.62. Comparison with other global populations showed the northwest Atlantic population to have both the lowest natural mortality (M) and Z, together with the largest maximum biological age (14 y). All other populations were similar with higher mortality and maximum ages of 6 10 years. Z was driven largely by M for most populations, although fishing mortality (F) was highest in the east Indian and southwest Pacific populations. The dietary niche of P. saltatrix in eastern Australia was explored using a classification tree analysis to identify key factors driving diet variation. P. saltatrix was shown to be an opportunistic generalist predator which exhibited increased baitfish consumption, and decreased crustacean consumption, with increasing size. The classification tree analysis showed that body size and latitude had the greatest influence on the diet of P. saltatrix, with significant ontogenetic diet shifts occurring at 8 and 30 cm fork length (FL). While piscivory is evident in the majority of P. saltatrix diets by ~8 cm FL, crustaceans are almost entirely absent from the diet after ~30 cm FL. The importance of latitude was likely related to the broad-scale oceanography in the study region, including the East Australian Current and its separation from the continental shelf. Otolith chemistry was used to evaluate the use of estuaries and the coastal marine environment by juvenile P. saltatrix in eastern Australia. Otolith chemical signatures of juveniles from 12 estuaries, spanning 10° of latitude, were characterised using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Based upon multivariate otolith elemental signatures, fish collected from most estuaries could not be discriminated from one another. This was attributed to the varying influence of marine water on otolith elemental composition in fish from all estuaries. Using a reduced number of estuarine groups, the multivariate juvenile otolith elemental signatures and univariate Sr:Ca ratio suggest that between 24 and 52 % of adult P. saltatrix had a juvenile period influenced by the marine environment. Elemental profiles across adult (age-1) otoliths highlighted a variety of life history patterns, not all consistent with a juvenile estuarine phase. Furthermore, the presence of age-0 juveniles in coastal waters was confirmed from historical coastal trawl data. Combining multiple lines of evidence suggests considerable plasticity in juvenile life history for P. saltatrix in eastern Australia, through their utilisation of both estuarine and coastal nurseries. A reproductive biology survey across the whole population and an analysis of historical larval fish abundance, found a second distinct spawning period in late summer in NSW in addition to the recognised spring spawning in QLD. Ovaries displayed asynchronous oocyte development suggesting fish spawn multiple times per season. Fecundity showed an exponential relationship with fish length with estimates of batch fecundity ranging from 99,488 to 1,424,425 eggs per fish. When combined with a length frequency of the population, the majority of eggs were produced by fish < 40 cm fork length. Length at 50 % maturity (L50) was estimated at 30.2 and 31.5 cm FL for male and female tailor respectively, suggesting that raising the NSW minimum legal length (MLL) from 30 cm total length TL to 35 cm TL to match the QLD MLL could significantly improve recruitment. The sex ratio was found to have shifted in the last 40 years to a female dominated population (1.58 females :1 male). An oceanographic particle tracking model revealed that larvae from the different spawning events are dispersed differently, with the late summer spawning period supplying the most recruits to the southern portions of the species distribution, suggesting that the multiple spawning periods have developed as a result of selection over time as surviving larvae from the different spawning periods are transported differently by the ocean currents. P. saltatrix in the southwest Pacific (eastern Australia) show a life history pattern generally consistent with most other global populations of P. saltatrix except the northwest Atlantic population which grows larger, older and matures later.