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Transcultural nursing is a discipline that emphasizes culturally competent care for diverse populations, recognizing the influence of culture on health beliefs, values, practices, and outcomes. It requires nurses to respect cultural differences and similarities, but faces challenges in curriculum design, faculty development, and student assessment. This paper explores transcultural nursing education's current state and future directions, addressing the American Association of Colleges of Nursing essentials for integrating cultural content into nursing curricula, reviewing Madeleine Leininger's transcultural nursing theory, diversity, equity, and inclusion concepts, and discussing the main challenges of transcultural nursing education, including lack of student diversity, training, and resources. Strategies to overcome these challenges include interprofessional collaboration, cultural immersion, and evidence-based practice. The paper concludes with how emergency department nurses should incorporate this into practice., Competing Interests: Disclosure:The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Masalah gizi pada periode balita dengan atau tanpa sakit yang berulang akan berdampak pada kondisi fisik tubuh anak (stunting). Malnutrisi pada balita dapat terjadi disebabkan oleh faktor budaya, kebiasaan dan sosial masyarakat. Masyarakat di wilayah operasional Puskesmas Betungan dikenal sebagai masyarakat patriarki yang sangat menghargai budaya sebagai salah satu penentu perilaku, khususnya perilaku kesehatan terkait makanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor kejadian stunting pada balita berbasis Transcultural Nursing. Studi ini menggunakan rancangan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu yang mempunyai balita, sampel diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil : Terdapat hubungan antara kejadian stunting pada balita dengan variabel teknologi (p=0.045), faktor dukungan keluarga dan sosial (p=0.048), nilai budaya dan gaya hidup (p=0.013), serta faktor ekonomi ( p = 0,034). Kesimpulan : Meskipun tidak ada korelasi antara karakteristik pendidikan dengan terjadinya stunting, namun tingkat pendidikan yang dimiliki seorang perempuan merupakan salah satu komponen mendasar yang berkontribusi terhadap permasalahan gizi, khususnya stunting.

Background: In 2022, prevalence of stunting in Indonesia reach 21.6%. The direct causes of stunting was nutritional intake. The problem of nutritional intake was related to the cultural practices of Indonesian, so this research used a transcultural nursing. Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors influencing feeding patterns in stunting children based on transcultural nursing. Methods: Cluster sampling was used for this cross-sectional with 145 mother-child pairs. The independent variables were maternal education, economics, regulations and policies, cultural values and lifestyle, social and family support, religiosity and philosophy and technology. The dependent variable was feeding pattern. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Spearman Rho (p-value=0.05) was used to analyze the relationship between variables. Results: Economic factors (p=0.031; r=0.250), government policies and norms (p=0.034; r=0.180), cultural and lifestyle values (p=0.001; r=0.540), social support and family (p=0.000; r=0.270), religious and philosophical beliefs (p=0.000; r=0.321), and technological developments (p=0.002; r=0.210) were associated with feeding pattern, no correlation between feeding pattern and mother’s education (p=0.689). Conclusions: Economy, regulation and policy, cultural value and lifestyle, religiosity and philosophy, social support and family, and technology associated stunting child's feeding pattern. Cultural beliefs and lifestyle were the most important factors for stunting children's feeding patterns so it is envisaged that paramedics continue to expand their preventive and persuasive efforts by providing health consultations to moms and families.

Abstract Background Culture is a fundamental concept in healthcare settings due to the reason that care provided to patients is holistic and encompasses their perspectives on health, which are greatly influenced by the patients’ cultures. To prepare culturally competent nursing graduates, it is important to understand the experiences of students on transcultural nursing during clinical practice. However, there are limited studies that have explored experiences of students on transcultural nursing, specifically those located in multicultural societies. In addition, studies focus on experiences of international students who visit with student - exchange programme. Nevertheless, their experiences of transcultural nursing may differ since they are not residents and have limited exposure to transcultural nursing, and therefore cannot be generalized to undergraduate resident students. This study aimed to explore and describe transcultural nursing experiences of nursing students during clinical practice at an intermediate hospital in north-eastern Namibia. Methods Descriptive and explorative qualitative designs were used, data were collected via individual interviews from 16 final year nursing students, who were sampled using maximum variation purposive and snowballing sampling. During data collection, an interview guide was used together with audiotape and field notes. Data analysis followed Tesch’s eight steps in qualitative coding process. Trustworthiness was ensured using four principles of Lincoln and Guba, Moreover, ethical clearance and permission were granted by research ethics committees from two institutions. Findings Four main themes emerged as findings of the study are: nursing students’ exposure to different cultural practices and beliefs; personal feelings experienced by nursing students during transcultural nursing; challenges experienced by students during transcultural nursing; and nursing students coping mechanisms. Conclusions Nursing students had mixed experiences on transcultural nursing which touch on aspects such as exposure to cultural aspects, personal feelings, challenges, and coping mechanisms. These findings are useful in helping nurse educators, clinical mentors, students, and future researchers to understand experiences of students on transcultural nursing. Consequently, assist in enriching transcultural nursing issues in curricula and for adequate preparation of graduates to become culturally competent when providing nursing care.

The health profile of foreigners in Italy is affected by multiple factors and events, including environmental, microbiological, cultural, and behavioral. To explore nurses' basic cross-cultural knowledge, and their perceptions of problems that arise in encounters with clients from outside the country, and to suggest solution strategies, we enrolled 327 nurses in an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study. The findings suggested a need to improve sociocultural skills related to working in a multiethnic society, as early as the first level courses and possibly continue with appropriate master's degrees and research projects.

Introduction: As part of its mission to advance Transcultural Nursing worldwide, the Transcultural Nursing Society Scholars upholds the central role of the discipline and cultural competence in advocacy, empowerment, and transformation of the life conditions of disadvantaged populations. This White Paper affirms the Scholars' core belief in the value of Transcultural Nursing and culturally competent care in addressing social determinants to promote health equity., Methods: The Scholars Education Interest Group proposes recommendations for changes in education, practice, and research undergirding the discipline and expand cultural competence to directly address social structural and historical forces that perpetuate health vulnerability in diverse populations., Results: Collaborative leadership between the TCNS Scholars, Board of Trustess and members should develop initiatives to foster implementation of the recommendations and promote global dissemination of exemplars in education, research and practice., Discussion: Collaborative implementation of recommendations will generate evidence of health equity outcomes through TCN and culturally competent care.

Abstract Background A clear need for the development of new comprehensive, reliable, sensitive and valid measurement tools to adequately asses the cultural competence and cultural sensitivity of nursing students exists. This study aimed to develop a new measurement tool to assess the nursing students’ cultural competence and sensitivity. Methods This cross-sectional, instrument development study’s first phase included postgraduate nursing students (n = 60) for the piloting study, and the second one included undergraduate nursing students (n = 459) for the main survey. This study used two data collection forms: The Student Descriptive Information Form and the Better and Effective Nursing Education for Improving Transcultural Nursing Skills Cultural Competence and Cultural Sensitivity Assessment Tool (BENEFITS-CCCSAT) draft. The content validity index was calculated using the Davis method. Cronbach’s α coefficient and the item total correlation were calculated during the reliability analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient test, Bartlett significance test, and explanatory factor analysis (EFA) were used to evaluate the validity of the assessment tool. Results Scale validity and reliability analyses showed that the BENEFITS-CCCSAT included 26 items and five sub-dimensions: respect for cultural diversity; culturally sensitive communication; achieving cultural competence; challenges and barriers in providing culturally competent care; and perceived meaning of cultural care. Conclusion The BENEFITS-CCCSAT appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the cultural sensitivity and cultural competence of nursing students. This can be of great use, especially before attending clinical areas, and can offer both students and faculty reliable information to promote reflective and critical thinking, especially in areas where improvement is needed.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a transcultural nursing course on enhancing the cultural competency of graduate nursing students in Korea. We hypothesized that participants’ cultural competency would significantly improve in areas such as communication, biocultural ecology and family, dietary habits, death rituals, spirituality, equity, and empowerment and intermediation after completing the course. Furthermore, we assessed the participants’ overall satisfaction with the course., Methods: A before-and-after study was conducted with graduate nursing students at Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea, from March to June 2023. A transcultural nursing course was developed based on Giger & Haddad’s transcultural nursing model and Purnell’s theoretical model of cultural competence. Data was collected using a cultural competence scale for registered nurses developed by Kim and his colleagues. A total of 18 students participated, and the paired t-test was employed to compare pre-and post-intervention scores., Results: The study revealed significant improvements in all 7 categories of cultural nursing competence (P<0.01). Specifically, the mean differences in scores (pre–post) ranged from 0.74 to 1.09 across the categories. Additionally, participants expressed high satisfaction with the course, with an average score of 4.72 out of a maximum of 5.0., Conclusion: The transcultural nursing course effectively enhanced the cultural competency of graduate nursing students. Such courses are imperative to ensure quality care for the increasing multicultural population in Korea.

Cultural competency is essential for providing transcultural nursing care. This qualitative study explores nurses' experiences of providing transcultural nursing care to patients from ethnic minority in Yunnan province, China, with the aim of supplementing and enriching previous quantitative research. Yunnan is home to 25 ethnic minorities with the highest proportion (33.1%) of people from ethnic minorities in China. A descriptive qualitative method was used to describe the experiences of 12 nurses. Data were collected in October 2020 through semistructured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis methods. Three themes were generated, including limitations of resources to provide transcultural nursing care, challenges in providing transcultural nursing care, and concerns about the quality of nursing care. The results suggest that there is scope for improving cultural competence of nurses in Yunnan through education that would enable them to provide high-quality transcultural nursing care. Training topics could include transcultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity, minority languages, and immersive multicultural experiences. Other suggested improvements include a resource room for transcultural care, the accommodation of religious and dietary needs, and dedicated staff who lead transcultural care in hospitals., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Background: The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) primarily emphasizes physical care, yet the quality of life (QoL) remains suboptimal. The management of diabetes often neglects psychological, socio-cultural, and spiritual aspects, which are essential components of transcultural nursing. Developing a holistic nursing model rooted in transcultural nursing, which has never been broadly investigated, is imperative to enhance QoL in individuals with T2DM. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a nursing model based on transcultural nursing to enhance the QoL of individuals with T2DM. Methods: This study employed a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 145 individuals with T2DM was recruited using a simple random sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire was used, incorporating factors from Dossey's holistic nursing model, Leininger's transcultural nursing model, and a QoL questionnaire. Inferential statistics using smart PLS-structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed for data analysis. Results: The findings revealed that the holistic nursing model based on transcultural nursing in individuals with T2DM was influenced directly by respondent characteristics (t=3.313, p=0.001), religious and life philosophy (t=2.836, p=0.005), social and kinship (t=2.579, p=0.010), cultural and lifestyle (t=2.833, p=0.005), biological (t=2.718, p=0.007), and psychological (t=2.497, p=0.013) factors. However, the technological factor was not significantly (t=0.802, p=0.423) associated with the model. The holistic nursing model based on transcultural nursing had a direct influence on the quality of life (t=9.124 and p=0.000). Conclusion: The holistic nursing model based on transcultural nursing encompasses six variables: respondent characteristics, religious and life philosophy, social and kinship, cultural and lifestyle, and biological and psychological factors. The model can serve as a guideline for managing type 2 DM patients to enhance the QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcultural nursing is the study and practice of nursing that focuses on the similarities and differences in cultural values, beliefs, and actions, both individuals and groups. The goal is to provide nursing actions that are based on universal culture and specific culture, both in providing health promotion, and helping patients deal with unpleasant conditions, illness, death where culturally meaningful. This research uses a literature study method analyzed from several journals, research results, using internet media related to the topic taken. The results showed that transcultural nursing is a nursing care process that is focused on individuals and groups to maintain, improve healthy behavior according to cultural background. The study of nursing care in a cultural context is needed to bridge the differences in knowledge possessed by nurses with patients or clients. Transcultural nursing diagnoses can identify actions needed to maintain a culture that matches health goals, form a new culture that is appropriate to health, or even replace a culture that is not appropriate to health into a new culture. The planning and implementation of the transcultural nursing process is made after the nurse understands the cultural background of the patient or client, so that the actions carried out can be in accordance with the client's culture and health goals are achieved. The evaluation of transcultural nursing care is closely attached to the planning and implementation of the transcultural nursing care process. This theory can be used in providing nursing care by considering aspects of culture, values, norms, and religion. This theory can be used to complement other conceptual theories in nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Culture is a fundamental concept in healthcare settings due to the reason that care provided to patients is holistic and encompasses their perspectives on health, which are greatly influenced by the patients' cultures. To prepare culturally competent nursing graduates, it is important to understand the experiences of students on transcultural nursing during clinical practice. However, there are limited studies that have explored experiences of students on transcultural nursing, specifically those located in multicultural societies. In addition, studies focus on experiences of international students who visit with student - exchange programme. Nevertheless, their experiences of transcultural nursing may differ since they are not residents and have limited exposure to transcultural nursing, and therefore cannot be generalized to undergraduate resident students. This study aimed to explore and describe transcultural nursing experiences of nursing students during clinical practice at an intermediate hospital in north-eastern Namibia. Methods: Descriptive and explorative qualitative designs were used, data were collected via individual interviews from 16 final year nursing students, who were sampled using maximum variation purposive and snowballing sampling. During data collection, an interview guide was used together with audiotape and field notes. Data analysis followed Tesch's eight steps in qualitative coding process. Trustworthiness was ensured using four principles of Lincoln and Guba, Moreover, ethical clearance and permission were granted by research ethics committees from two institutions. Findings: Four main themes emerged as findings of the study are: nursing students' exposure to different cultural practices and beliefs; personal feelings experienced by nursing students during transcultural nursing; challenges experienced by students during transcultural nursing; and nursing students coping mechanisms. Conclusions: Nursing students had mixed experiences on transcultural nursing which touch on aspects such as exposure to cultural aspects, personal feelings, challenges, and coping mechanisms. These findings are useful in helping nurse educators, clinical mentors, students, and future researchers to understand experiences of students on transcultural nursing. Consequently, assist in enriching transcultural nursing issues in curricula and for adequate preparation of graduates to become culturally competent when providing nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The moral sensitivity of nurses positively affects the quality of patient care. For this reason, nursing students are expected to gain moral sensitivity skills during their education. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of transcultural nursing course (TNC) on the moral sensitivity levels of students., Methods: This study had a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 100 nursing students (intervention: 36 and control: 64). The intervention group was composed of students who had enrolled in the TNC. The data were collected through the Sociodemographic Information Form and the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire. Independent samples t-test and analysis of variance were used in data analysis., Results: The moral sensitivity levels of the students who received the TNC were significantly higher than those who did not., Discussion: The TNC is an effective teaching method in increasing the moral sensitivity levels of nursing students.

Background: In 2022, prevalence of stunting in Indonesia reach 21.6%. The direct causes of stunting was nutritional intake. The problem of nutritional intake was related to the cultural practices of Indonesian, so this research used a transcultural nursing. Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors influencing feeding patterns in stunting children based on transcultural nursing. Methods: Cluster sampling was used for this cross-sectional with 145 mother-child pairs. The independent variables were maternal education, economics, regulations and policies, cultural values and lifestyle, social and family support, religiosity and philosophy and technology. The dependent variable was feeding pattern. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Spearman Rho (p-value=0.05) was used to analyze the relationship between variables. Results: Economic factors (p=0.031; r=0.250), government policies and norms (p=0.034; r=0.180), cultural and lifestyle values (p=0.001; r=0.540), social support and family (p=0.000; r=0.270), religious and philosophical beliefs (p=0.000; r=0.321), and technological developments (p=0.002; r=0.210) were associated with feeding pattern, no correlation between feeding pattern and mother's education (p=0.689). Conclusions: Economy, regulation and policy, cultural value and lifestyle, religiosity and philosophy, social support and family, and technology associated stunting child's feeding pattern. Cultural beliefs and lifestyle were the most important factors for stunting children's feeding patterns so it is envisaged that paramedics continue to expand their preventive and persuasive efforts by providing health consultations to moms and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge has a big impact on the formation of a person's behavior. Behavior that is based on knowledge will be lasting compared to behavior that is not based on knowledge. Delivery of knowledge can be done in various ways. One of them is health promotion through traditional culture which is rabab art. Rabab traditional art is a musical instrument from Minangkabau that is made from coconut shell and played by one or more players. The player will sing a rhyme that is called Kaba and it has an educational message such as education about elderly neglectfulness. The objective of this study was to effectiveness of rabab culture on family education about elderly neglectfulness. The study design was a quasi-experimental design with one group pretest post-test. The study was conducted in Gurun Laweh Sub-District, Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The study population was 55 people and number of samples was 48 people. Study results show that most respondents (20 people) were at an early age (58.8%). Before the experiment, people with less knowledge were 11 people (32.4%) and after the experiment, it reduced to 9 people (26.5%). There is a difference in people’s knowledge between before and after the rabab experiment with a P-value of 0.037. It was concluded that there was a need to increase family knowledge about elderly welfare. It is recommended that healthcare workers should provide health education to the community about elderly neglectfulness and future researchers can use different variables and educational media for better results.

Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Awareness of culture and transculturally oriented care is becoming increasingly important as the world becomes closer, more complex and multicultural, so there is a need to bring into focus the interests and practical application of all health professionals. In order to improve the health-oriented behavior of members of different cultural groups, and thus prevent the occurrence of negative conflicts and destructive behavior there is a need to develop transcultural nursing around the world and also in Serbia. Global trends in terms of migratory change, imply the need to change the current practice in education and application of transcultural nursing among nurses in order to improve the quality of health care in Serbia and thus achieve equality in the provision of culturally congruent health care.

Aim: This study aimed to synthesize the findings of studies evaluating educational programs providing curricular transcultural nursing education., Backgrounds: Nursing care education about cultural diversity and experience with taking care of patients from different cultures and special populations are significant factors that could likely influence cultural competence. The effect of transcultural nursing education given to nursing students has been investigated by different researchers and different methods. Addressing the effects of transcultural nursing education on nursing students' cultural awareness, knowledge and attitudes can contribute to future transcultural nursing education activities and the creation of training content., Design: This study was a methodological systematic review study., Methods: Methodological quality was assessed following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Science Direct, APA PsycArticles, OVID, EBSCO, and Web of Science databases were searched from 2010 to 2020. The following keywords were used: "Transcultural nursing", "education", "curriculum", "course", "effectiveness", "cultural competence", "knowledge", "skills", "attitudes", and "nursing students". Studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English using both experimental and quasi-experimental designs were included., Results: Total of 11 research papers, (n = 1375) nursing students' outputs were included in this review. Cultural competence interventions/programs were provided as part of the core theoretical courses or as elective courses. Different durations and types of teaching methods included debates, discussions, case scenarios, practicums, simulation, international learning projects, experiential learning, storytelling, and traditional teaching lectures. In ten studies, an increase in the level of culture-related competences was reported as statistically significant (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Limited studies have generally proven the effectiveness of transcultural nursing education provided to nursing students. Education content, training methods and training periods were not standard in the literature. More comprehensive, valid and reliable measurement tools are needed to evaluate the education provided for nursing students., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Introduction: Good communication is crucial for safe and effective nursing care and is necessary in building interpersonal relationships with patients. The increase of global interactions in health care adds to the necessity of developing culturally competent communication in nursing. The purpose of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of interpersonal communication as experienced by nurses working in culturally diverse hospitals in India. Method: A descriptive qualitative method, analyzing 12 semistructured interviews conducted with nurses at two hospitals. Results: The study's themes focus on tools and techniques for working with culturally diverse patients and how to sustain the quality of care in diverse hospital settings. Language resources, language tools, and cultural knowledge were useful aids for nurses when communicating with transcultural patients. It helped the nurses gain confidence and foresee patient needs. Discussion: Highlighting transcultural interpersonal communication techniques within nursing offers a safer and more productive practice of nursing care.

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a transcultural nursing course on enhancing the cultural competency of graduate nursing students in Korea. We hypothesized that participants’ cultural competency would significantly improve in areas such as communication, biocultural ecology and family, dietary habits, death rituals, spirituality, equity, and empowerment and intermediation after completing the course. Furthermore, we assessed the participants’ overall satisfaction with the course. Methods A before-and-after study was conducted with graduate nursing students at Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea, from March to June 2023. A transcultural nursing course was developed based on Giger & Haddad’s transcultural nursing model and Purnell’s theoretical model of cultural competence. Data was collected using a cultural competence scale for registered nurses developed by Kim and his colleagues. A total of 18 students participated, and the paired t-test was employed to compare pre-and post-intervention scores. Results The study revealed significant improvements in all 7 categories of cultural nursing competence (P

Background: Globalisation, wars, competitiveness, and technological innovation have increased workplace diversity, requiring leaders to conduct multinational projects, lead people from different cultural backgrounds, and deliver appropriate services that meet the needs of clients from different cultures. Several concepts are interchangeably used to define and describe leadership in culturally-diverse work environments; one such concept is transcultural leadership. Because of nurses’ global migration and care delivery to patients from different cultural backgrounds, this concept is of interest in the nursing field. While some nurses have been identified as transcultural leaders, no definition of transcultural nursing leadership has been found in the literature. Objective: This study aimed to develop an operational definition of transcultural nursing leadership. Design: A concept analysis was performed using Walker and Avant's method. Methods: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including CINAHL and MEDLINE, books, and encyclopaedias. Quantitative, qualitative, mixed- design studies and literature reviews; master's and doctoral theses; interviews; and text and opinion papers published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that focused on leadership in multicultural work environments overall and in nursing in particular were included. To identify differences and similarities between the concepts, a Correspondence Factor Analysis with the support of the software IRaMuTeQ was undertaken. Results: A total of 45 documents with definitions or descriptions of the concepts was included, of which five were in the nursing area and 40 in other areas of study. The defining attribute of transcultural nursing leadership is guiding the delivery of culturally-congruent care. Its antecedents were culturally-diverse populations, multicultural nursing teams, and the need to prepare healthcare workers, administrators, academics, professors, researchers, and minorities for transcultural nursing. The consequences identified included culturally-congruent care for patients and optimal health outcomes for all populations. The identified attributes, antecedents, and consequences did not cover the complexity of a culturally-diverse nursing work environment. Thus, the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of transcultural leadership identified in the literature were considered and added. Conclusions: Transcultural nursing leadership is a concept grounded in nursing theory that has significant implications for nursing management, education, research, and policy. This holds great promise for advancing culturally-congruent care, addressing health disparities, and building highly inclusive and productive nursing teams in an increasingly diverse world.

Introduction: With the huge advances of globalization and urbanization, the nursing services in China are meeting the challenge of varied culture-specific needs in practices. Tools to measure transcultural sensitivity thus has great value in promoting transcultural nursing practices. Method: The Chinese version of Transcultural Nursing Self-Efficacy Scale (TSET-CV) was translated and validated with a sample of 2,346 nurses in China. Utilizing the analytical framework of the rating scale model, each item of the three subscales, namely the cognitive, practical, and effect subscale, was analyzed in terms of item analysis, item fitting, difficulty, reliability, item function, and validity. Results: The analysis suggested that 5-point Likert-type scale was more suitable than the 10-point Likert-type scale originally used. Item 27 and Item 79 showed deficient properties, which was deleted in the TSET-CV. The most accurate ranges measured by the TSET-CV matched the range of the distribution of the subjects' ability. Discussion: Unlike the classical test theory, the rating scale model based on the Rasch's model can provide sample-independent psychometric properties of items. The revised TSET-CV has great potential in diagnosing deficiency among nursing student in transcultural self-efficiency, which can promote the development of corresponding education strategies.

Introduction: The Transcultural Nursing Society (TCNS) recognizes transcultural nursing (TCN) scholars for creative leadership and advancing education, practice, research, and administration. The purpose of this study was to discover the historical context of scholars' professional growth and development and their contributions to and future vision for transcultural nursing. Method: Leininger's Ethnonursing Research Method was used to develop an ethnohistorical qualitative approach that included a semistructured, open-ended interview guide and data analysis plan. Data were analyzed using NVivo software and Leininger's Phases of Ethnonursing Data Analysis Enabler for Qualitative Data. Results: Analysis resulted in the discovery of five themes and 15 patterns related to the sources of scholars' interest in TCN; professional development strategies; contributions to TCN theory development, education, research, practice, service, and consultation; the responsibilities of being a TCN scholar; and their future vision for TCN. Discussion: These findings could inspire and guide TCN scholars as they pursue the study and practice of TCN.

Introduction: Providing additional food other than breast milk before 2-year-old babies in Kupang City are babies given "regal" biscuits, "milcuit" biscuits, and "banana" s because the baby does not feel hungry. Providing "regal" biscuits, "milna" and "banana" biscuits as a complement to give breastfeeding before the age of 2 years because parents believe these biscuits can eliminate hunger for the baby. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of Transcultural Nursing-based health education on knowledge, attitudes, actions of mothers, and family support in breastfeeding. Methods: The design of this study was a Pre-Experimental study using quantitative data. Samples of 30 breastfeeding mothers who visited the Bakunase Public Health Center in Kupang City of East Nusa Tenggara and were obtained using the total sampling technique. Data obtained from the knowledge questionnaire, attitude questionnaire, action questionnaire, and social and family support questionnaire were then analyzed using the Wilcoxon statistical test. Results: The results showed that there was an influence of transcultural nursing-based health education on knowledge, attitudes, mother actions, social and family support in breastfeeding with a significant value of p=0.000. Conclusion: Transcultural nursing-based health education influences maternal knowledge, maternal attitudes, and family support for mothers in breastfeeding. Subsequent researchers can then carry out transcultural nursing-based health education research on different targets. They can analyze factors related to knowledge, attitudes, actions, and family support for nursing mothers.

Background: The essence of transcultural nursing is to guide nursing students in order to be able to provide nursing care based on patients’ needs and their cultural backgrounds. To transfer the knowledge and attitude of the transcultural nursing effectively among generation Z students, an android-based module can be used and it is considered effective. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of using an android-based module on the knowledge and attitudes of nursing students regarding the provision of transcultural nursing. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. Ninety-four students were selected using a purposive sampling, which forty-seven were assigned in an android-based module group and a printed-module group. Data were measured using knowledge and attitude questionnaires about transcultural nursing, and perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use questionnaire for android-based modules. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test with a significance level of < .05. Results: There was a significant effect of both android and printed based modules on knowledge of transcultural nursing (p .05). Based on the Independent t-test, there was no significant difference in students' knowledge and attitude about transcultural nursing between both groups (p >.05). However, the android-based module was considered useful (97.9%) with a mean value of 44, and was easy to use (91.5%) with a median value of 40. Conclusion: The use of both printed-based module and android-based module is effective to increase the students’ knowledge and attitudes about transcultural nursing.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and prejudices of nursing students regarding the provision of transcultural nursing care to refugees., Methods: The sample of this comparative descriptive study was composed of 317 volunteering nursing students living in Ankara, Turkey. Descriptive statistics were presented as number, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation. The relationships among dependent and independent variables were analyzed with Pearson chi-square test. p ≤ 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant., Results: The mean age of the students was 21.19 ± 1.66 years; 88.6% were female. Only 30.0% (n = 95) of students (predominantly seniors) were educated on transcultural nursing. Statistically significant differences were found among grades of nursing students on the answers to the items, "Refugees are under coverage of general medical insurance system," "The concept of 'Health' differs from culture to culture," "Cultural features of the patient are important for caring nurse," "In order to provide care to only refugees and foreign patients, nurses from other cultures should be employed in hospitals," "Interpreters should be employed in hospitals 24 hours for services for refugees," and "According to my observations, refugees and their relatives admitted to the hospital are not respecting the healthcare workers and hospital rules." In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in students' comfort level with nursing care activities between those students who were literate in a foreign language and those who were not literate in a foreign language., Conclusions: Our findings show that attending lectures on transcultural nursing in a curriculum of seniors and being literate in a foreign language had a positive impact on the attitudes of students in terms of the provision of medical care to refugees. It is recommended that nursing programs integrate lectures on transcultural nursing into the curricula of all four grades of nursing education and encourage students in language learning to better serve our disadvantageous guests., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In the United States, African American (AA) women suffer from higher rates of obesity as compared with Caucasians or Asians. Unfortunately, most weight management interventions have been unsuccessful in maintaining weight loss. Prior research has revealed that AA women face unique barriers in managing obesity; therefore, more research is warranted to address this problem. Leininger's theory is used to understand obesity through a cultural lens. The constructs of the sunrise model are defined as a means to intervene when providing nursing care through cultural preservation, accommodation, and repatterning. We conclude that culture care theory offers a theoretical framework to assist nurses in providing culturally sensitive care to Black women with obesity. Nurses caring for this population can utilize this theory to tailor interventions specific to the cultural needs of women to improve outcomes in the management of obesity. In this article, we use AA and Black interchangeably to represent Americans whose ancestors originate from Africa., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this review.