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Purpose. This research was carried out to assess barley genotypes yield and quality parameters under various environmental conditions. Methods. The experiments were set up with 25 barley genotypes in a completely randomized blocks design with four replications at four locations in the 2018–2019 cycles in the Trakia region, Turkey. Data on grain yield, plant height, days of heading, 1000-kernel weight, test weight, protein ratio and grain uniformity were investigated. Results. The combined ANOVA revealed significant differences (p&nbsp, Мета. Оцінка показників урожайності та якості генотипів ячменю за різних умов навколишнього середовища. Методи. У дослідженні було використано 25 генотипів ячменю. Схема експерименту − повністю рандомізовані блоки з чотирма повторами у чотирьох місцях у регіоні Тракія (Туреччина) впродовж 2018–2019рр. Визначали врожайність зерна, висоту рослин, дату колосіння, масу 1000 зерен, насипну вагу, вміст білка й вирівняність зерна. Результати. За допомогою комбінованого методу ANOVA було виявлено значні відмінності (p&nbsp

Self-report data collection methods are widely used techniques to gather information in studies related to road safety. One of the most considerable limitations of self-reports is social desirability bias. One way to overcome the possible detrimental effects of socially desirable responding is to control it by using social desirability scales. With respect to that, the present study aims to adapt the Driver Social Desirability Scale into Turkish, examine its construct validity, and investigate the relationship between social desirability and driving-related measures. A total of 351 drivers between the ages of 19 and 59 completed a questionnaire including a demographic information form, the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), the Driver Skill Inventory (DSI), the Two-Dimensional Social Desirability Scale (SDS), and the Driver Social Desirability Scale (DSDS). Factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the DSDS in the Turkish sample. Social desirability correlated positively with age and driving experience. Female drivers reported higher levels of driver impression management, while male drivers scored higher on self-deception. Driver impression management was associated negatively with violations and perceptual-motor skills and positively with safety skills. Lastly, driver self-deception was positively related to violations, positive driver behaviors, perceptual-motor skills, and safety skills. The study shows that the Turkish version of the DSDS is a reliable and structurally valid instrument with incremental validity compared to the general social desirability measure in predicting driving-related outcomes.

Road traffic injuries are one of the most important public health problems all over the world. Despite of the globality of the problem, driver behaviors, road traffic accidents and injuries show regional difference. Perceived traffic climate is related to driver behaviors. In order to predict driver behaviors, Traffic Climate Scale is used, which measures road users’ perceptions towards traffic system. Previously, the validity of Traffic Climate Scale was tested with self-report measures (i.e. Driver Behavior Questionnaire) and with simulator based results. Characteristics of simulator scenarios show differences based on purpose of research questions. However, researchers do not have enough information about whether participants perceive these differences or not. With respect to this, the aim of the present study is to test whether Traffic Climate Scale could be used to evaluate the characteristics of a simulated driving environment. For this reason, a total of 78 participants between the ages of 18 and 25 (M = 22.28, SD = 1.64) drove two driving simulation scenarios. High complexity scenario was perceived as more internally demanding than low complexity scenario. The results showed that, in addition to the country-level measurement of traffic climate, traffic climate measurement might be used to evaluate the perception of driving simulation scenarios. There is also a need of future studies that includes different driving simulators and scenarios.

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing healthcare problem worldwide. In the present study, the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) of ZnPc and ZnPc-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (ZnPc-TiO2) were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus. A light emitting diode (LED) (630-700 nm, 17.4 mW/cm2) was used on S. aureus at different light doses (8 J/cm2 for 11 min, 16 J/cm2 for 22 min, 24 J/cm2 for 33 min) in the presence of the compounds under the minimum inhibitory concentration values. Both compounds showed similar phototoxicity toward S. aureus when high light doses (16 and 24 J/cm2) were applied. In addition, the success of APDT increased with an increasing light dose. © 2021 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

2-s2.0-85078920435, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious infections, especially in health care settings where host defense is impaired. In addition to resistance problem, the different virulence characteristics of these bacteria can change the course of infection and cure. In this study, it was aimed to determine antibiotic susceptibilities, epidemiological relations and virulence factors of clinical P. aeruginosa isolates. Methods: This study was performed, a total of 83 P. aeruginosa isolated from different clinical samples of Ege University Faculty of Medicine Hospital. Antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates were investigated by the VITEK 2 Compact® automated system and epidemiological relations of isolates determined via "Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR)". Phenotypic tests were performed to determine the virulence factors of the selected representatives from each clone. While the "Elastin Congo Red" method was used for the investigation of elastase activity, appropriate methods applied for Protease, DNase, Lipase, Siderophore and Twitching activities to the detect virulence properties phenotypically. The biofilm production of isolates was investigated by crystal violet method, and the quorum sensing (QS) genes thought to be related to biofilm were determined by PCR method. Results: According to results of antibiotic susceptibility test, the highest resistance was observed against imipenem (43,4%) and the lowest resistance was observed against amikacin (14,5%). Isolates were found in 19 unrelated clones according to ERIC-PZR results. Siderophore and elastase production were observed in all of the representative isolates. Protease, lipase and twitching motility were determined at 5, 14 and 15 isolates respectively, no DNAse production was detected. Nine of the 19 representative isolates produced strong biofilms, and the lasI, lasR, rhlR genes were identified in 17, 18, 13 isolates respectively and the rhlI gene was found in all strains. Conclusion: When the data were evaluated, different antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa isolates which have different resistance profiles were detected at Ege University Faculty of Medicine Hospital. The inclusion of these resistant isolates in epidemiologically unrelated clones suggests that isolates with genotypically different properties are circulating in the clinics. Despite the many virulence factors that can contribute to pathogenesis, it is noteworthy that biofilm production is particularly prevalent in these isolates. This situation has meant that treatment becomes more difficult, as well as being able to colonize on many different surfaces in health care facilities. More extensive studies in both our country and our region could show the resistance profile of P. aeruginosa bacteria and the effects of virulence factors on the severity of infection. © 2019 Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency (RSNPHA).

OBJECTIVE: Pulsatile flow, generated by a pump during cardiopulmonary bypass, has been accepted as more physiological in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of pulsatile and nonpulsatile flow on postoperative cognitive function and to review relationship with the biomarkers S100ß and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). METHODS: Patients who underwent isolated CABG were included this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, which was performed between March 2010 and December 2010. Patients were divided into two groups: pulsatile (Group I, n=20) and nonpulsatile (Group II, n=20) flow. Blood samples were collected 1 day before surgery and in the sixth postoperative hour for the analysis of S100ß and NSE. In addition, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed during preoperative period and on third postoperative day. Outcomes were determination of effects of pump flow type on cognitive function and relationships with concentrations of S100ß and NSE. RESULTS: Forty patients were included. No differences were observed between the groups with respect to complications, mortality, S100ß (Group I: 1.9±0.2 µ/L; Group II: 2.0±0.2 µ/L), NSE (Group I: 12.5±0.8 µ/L; Group II: 12.4±0.7 µ/L), MMSE scores [Group I: 25 (23-27); Group II: 25 (23-27)], and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) (p>0.05). No correlation was observed between MMSE scores and concentrations of S100ß (r=-0.032) and NSE (r=-0.423) (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no difference between types of pump flow for POCD and no relationship between cognitive dysfunction and S100ß and NSE concentrations. Pump flow type does not affect NSE concentrations.

Introduction: The antioxidant capacity of CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) has been investigated in recent years but, so far most of the studies were in vivo studies. In this study we investigated, the in vitro antioxidant capacity of CAPE to scavenge superoxide radicals. CAPE, an active component of propolis from honeybee hives, is known to have anti mitogenic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Aim of the study: CAPE is an antioxidant molecule in vivo. The aim of this study is to investigate if CAPE under in vitro conditions has the same effect similar to in vivo. Methods: The method developed by McCord and Fridovich for the determination of SOD activity is modified by replacing SOD with CAPE. Results: We find that, CAPE has superoxide scavenging capacity in a dose dependent manner. The presence of 50 μmol/L CAPE caused 73.66 % percentage of inhibition in cyt c reduction. Key words: CAPE, Superoxide scavenging capacity, Oxidative stress., Giris:Son yillarda CAPE (Kafeik asit fenil esteri)'nin antioksidan kapasitesi arastirilmistir, ancak su ana kadar yapilmis olan çalismalarin çogu in vivo çalismalardir. Biz bu çalismada CAPE'nin süperoksit radikallerine karsi antioksidan kapasitesini in vitro arastirdik. CAPE bal arisi kovani propolisinin aktif bir bileseni olup antimitojenik, antioksidan, antikarsinojen, antiinflamator ve immünomodülatör özellikleri bilinmektedir. Amaç: CAPE in vivo antioksidan bir moleküldür. Bu çalismada, CAPE'nin benzer kosullarda ancak in vitro ortamda ayni etkiyi gösterip göstermediginin arastirilmasi amaçlandi. Metod: McCord ve Fridovich'in SOD aktivitesi tayini için gelistirdikleri yöntem, SOD yerine CAPE kullanilarak modifiye edildi. Bulgular: CAPE'nin doza bagimli olarak artan bir süperoksit süpürücü kapasiteye sahip oldugunu saptadik. 50 ?mol/L CAPE varliginda cyt c redüksiyonu %73,66 inhibe oldu. Anahtar kelimeler: CAPE, Süperoksit Süpürücü Kapasite, Oksidatif Stres.

Aim: In vitro assay of superoxide scavenging capacity of melatonin. Materials and methods: Scavenging capacity of melatonin for superoxide radicals produced by xanthine-xanthine oxidase system was Investigated by using Fridovich I. method. Results and discussion: Melatonin exhibited superoxide scavenging activity ¡n a dose-dependent manner up to 45 pg/mL and activity was calculated to be 0.046 ±0.009 SOD equivalent units / pg of melatonin (n=9). A concentration of approximately 18 pg / mL melatonin served as one unit of superoxide dismutase enzyme. Key words: Melatonin, superoxide scavenging activity, oxidative stress, antioxidant., Amaç: Melatoninln radikal süpürücü kapasitesinin in vitro koşullarda İncelenmesi amaçlandı. Materyal ve metot: Ksantin-ksantin oksidaz sisteminde oluşturulan superoksit radikallerinin melatonin tarafından süpürüldüğü sitokrom c kullanılarak Fridovich I. yöntemi He araştırıldı. Bulgular ve sonuç: Çalışma bulgularımız melatoninln in vitro koşullarda da superoksit radikallerine karşı anlamlı ölçüde temizleyici etkiyi gösterdiği yönündedir. Anahtar kelimeler:Melatonln,superoksit,süpürücü aktivlte, oksldatifstres,antloksidan

Kronik lösemili hastalarda, eritrosit içi katalaz aktiviteleri, henüz tedaviye başlanmadan önce, Aebi'nin yöntemi kullanılarak tayin edildi. Her iki tip kronik lösemide de katalaz aktiviteleri, ortalamalara bakıldığında normal kontrol grubundan daha düşük olduğu halde, sadece kronik lenfositik lösemide istatistik olarak anlamlı düşüklük saptandı. Bu bulgular, katalazın eritrosit içi bir antioksidan enzim olarak kronik lösemilerde önemli bir role sahip olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. [Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Dergisi 1997;4(1):7-9] Anahtar kelimeler: Katalaz, kronik lösemi, eritrosit, Catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were measured in erythrocytes isolated from untreated patients with chronic leukemia, by using Aebi's method. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CAT activity was found to be significantly decreased and in chronic myeloid leukemia, it was found to be in normal ranges of activity although in both types of chronic leukemia, the activities were lower than the normal control group with respect to averages. These results suggest that catalase as an erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme may play an important role in chronic leukemias. [Journal of Turgut ÖzalMedical Center 1997;4(1):7-9] KeyWords : Catalase, chronic leukemia, erythrocyte

Impact response surfaces (IRSs) were constructed to depict the sensitivity of modelled spring and winter wheat yields to systematic changes in baseline temperature (between -2°C and +9°C) and precipitation (-50 to +50%) as simulated by a 26-member ensemble of process-based crop simulation models. The study was conducted across a latitudinal transect for sites in Finland, Germany and Spain. In spite of large differences in simulated yield responses to both baseline and changed climate between models, sites, crops and years, several common messages emerged. Ensemble average yields decline with warming (3-7% per 1°C) and decreased precipitation (3-9% per 10% decrease), but benefit from increased precipitation (0-8% per 10% increase). Yields are more sensitive to temperature than precipitation changes at the Finnish site while sensitivities are mixed at the other sites. Inter-model variability is highest for baseline climate at the Spanish site but is affected little by changed climate. Model responses diverge most under warming at the Finnish and German sites for winter wheat. The IRS pattern of yield reliability tracks average yield levels. Optimal temperatures for present-day cultivars are below the baseline at the German and Spanish sites suggesting that adoption of cultivars with higher temperature requirements might already be advantageous, and increasingly so at all sites under future warming. The study was conducted in the CropM component of the FACCE-JPI/MACSUR project.

Process based crop simulation models are widely used to assess crop production under current or future climate conditions. Most studies on climate impacts on crop growth are so far focussed on single crops and single-year simulations. However, it is known that the position of crops within a rotation can influence crop growth significantly due to carry-over effects between seasons. We compared crop models on crop rotation effects from five sites across Central Europe providing in total data of 301 cropping seasons and treatments. Treatments comprised irrigation, nitrogen (N) fertilisation, atmospheric [CO2], tillage, residue management, cover crops and soils. Crop rotations were simulated with 15 crop models as single-year simulations and/or continuous simulations over whole crop rotations in “restricted calibration” runs. Lower RMSE between observed and simulated crop yields were obtained for continuous runs as compared to single-year runs. Relatively low carry-over effects were observed due to equilibration of soil water over winter and high N fertilisation levels. Consistently, a sub-set of models applied to an additional rainfed Mediterranean site reproduced larger carry-over effects of soil water. Irrigation, N supply, cover crops and atmospheric [CO2] showed clearer effects than tillage and crop residue management. Model performance varied distinctly between crops showing the necessity to provide experimental data for model calibration also for less prominent crops.