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هدف: برای اینکه بتوان فعالیت‌ها و خدمات را در سازمان‌های مختلف توسعه داد باید از ابزارهای مختلف جهت ارزیابی خدمات استفاده کرد. برای ارزیابی خدمات در کتابخانه‌ها از مدل‌هایی که برای این کار بوجود آمده‌اند استفاده می‌شود. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی هشت مدلی است که برای ارزیابی کتابخانه‎ها بویژه در زمینه خدمات کتابخانه‌ای در پژوهش‌های مختلف استفاده شده‌اند.روش/رویکرد پژوهش: در تدوین این مقاله از منابع موجود در این زمینه بهره گرفته شده است و با استفاده از روش کتابخانه‌ای اطلاعات مربوط گردآوری شد. برای گردآوری اطلاعات با استفاده از کلیدواژه‌‎های مرتبط اقدام به جستجو در پایگاه‎های اطلاعاتی مختلف شد. در نهایت پس از شناسایی و دستیابی به منابع ارزشمند و مرتبط از آنها برای تدوین نهایی مقاله استفاده به عمل آمد.نتیجه گیری: بررسی پیشینه‌های مربوط به مدل‏های ارزیابی مورد مطالعه نشان داد که هر کدام از این مدل‏ها با توجه به نیاز خاصی به وجود آمده‌اند و به منظور تحقق به اهداف خاصی طراحی شده‌اند. همچنین با توجه به کاربرد آنها، مولفه‌های خاصی برای آنها در نظر گرفته شده است. ضمن اینکه بیشتر مدل‌های مورد بحث خارج از حوزه علم اطلاعات وارد این عرصه شده‌اند.

زمینه فاکتور رشد فیبروبلاستی 21(FGF21)به عنوان یک فاکتور جدید تنظیم کننده متابولیک شناخته شده که به نظر می رسد اثرات قوی ضد دیابتی در مدل های حیوانی داشته باشد. مطالعات انسانی موید این است که این فاکتور با ایجاد سندروم متابولیک همراه است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسیFGF21 در افراد دیابتی نوع دوو مقایسه آن با افراد گروه کنترل سالم وهمچنین رابطه آن با اجزای سندروم متابولیک است. روش کار این مطالعه مورد شاهدی در سال 1394-1393 در مشهد انجام شد. 30 بیمار دیابتی نوع دو تحت درمان با داروی مت فورمین و 40 نفر فرد سالم به عنوان گروه کنترل در این مطالعه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.اطلاعات دموگرافیک بیماران ثبت شد واندازه گیری میزان گلوکز، لیپیدهای سرم،هموگلوبین گلیکوزیله،-– انسولین- آنزیمهای کبدی و سطح فاکتور FGF21در بیماران و گروه کنترل انجام شد مقاومت به انسولین با روش HOMA-IR محاسبه شد.نتایج دردو گروه با یکدیگر مقایسه و در هر گروه رابطه فاکتور FGF21با اجزای سندروم متابولیک بررسی شد. از آزمون پیرسون برای بررسی داده ها استفاده شد. نتایج تفاوت معنی داری در سطح فاکتورFGF21دربیماران دیابتی نوع دو با افراد سالم وجود نداشت. رابطه ی معنی داری بین سطح این فاکتور با اجزای سندروم متابولیک در بیماران و گروه کنترل سالم مشاهده نشد. میزانFGF21رابطه مستقیم مثبت با SGPT داشت. نتیجه گیری در جمعیت ایرانی: به نظر نمی رسد رابطه ای بین سطح فاکتور FGF21 با اجزای سندروم متابولیک وجود داشته باشد. مطالعات گسترده تری برای اثبات این موضوع ضروری است.

Participating in comparative international studies such as TIMSS, which examines and compares the efficiency and effectiveness of curricula and textbooks of different countries, is a method to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the textbooks of the participating countries. Since Japan, like Iran has a national curriculum, and in different periods of TIMSS, has a higher performance than Iran, so it was chosen to be compared with Iran. This research aimed at comparing the released problems of TIMSS 2019 with the content and problems of the first to fourth grade mathematics textbooks of Iran and Japan. In this study, the English version of Japanese textbooks has been used. The research population included the mathematics textbooks of the 1st to 4th grades of Iran and Japan, as well as the 10 released problems of TIMSS 2019. It was a descriptive-analytical-comparative study. The results showed that 6 out of these 10 problems, have similar examples in Iranian textbooks and Japanese textbooks have 5 problems similar to these 10 problems. Also, the results showed that regardless of whether or not similar content and problems were presented in the textbook, in all problems, the percentage of correct answers of Iranian fourth grade students were lower than that of Japanese students, except for the problem on the symmetry. Considering the different cognitive domains of TIMSS problems, regardless of the cognitive domain of the proposed problem, except for the symmetry problem, Iranian students' performance was lower than their Japanese counterparts. Math teachers can use the results of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used a dynamic model to predict the fishing status of the Persian Sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) along the coast of the Golestan province in the Caspian Sea. The findings indicated that based on the initial population in 2017 equal to 2500 samples of fish if harvested at the current rate, the stocks of this valuable sturgeon fish will be extinected in the next 50 years. However, when considering the harvest rate of 0.2 per year (nearly half of the current catch), the amount of fish harvested will increase so that this stock will completely regain its ability to regenerate itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Arabian Sciences Heritage is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, the rapid growth of virtual space has made people devote more of their time in virtual space, especially to social networks, which can be attributed to the remarkable features of virtual space; including increasing the speed of information exchange, easy and free access to information and variety of knowledge topics. In this regard, the opinions recorded by users in virtual networks have grown day by day and have become very important, and extracting the opinions and feelings of users' opinions for more informed decision-making is of great help to businesses, on the other hand, virtual reality technology in the past few decades It has undergone technical changes and improved immersion and the feeling of remote presence; This technology is used in various fields such as education, tourism, health, sports, entertainment, architecture and construction, etc. The increasing progress of virtual reality technology has caused many businesses to operate in this field, but due to changes Continuous market and the need for timely information, companies should use differentiation and growth strategies, in this regard, they need to ask users' opinions and in line with that, try to grow and improve their business, considering that Users' comments are textual, and reading and summarizing them is time-consuming and difficult. Based on this, the aim of the current research was to categorize comments related to virtual reality technology using machine learning methods and a dictionary-based approach. Therefore, about one million tweets in the field of virtual reality technology were collected by the web crawler, and after data preprocessing, 480,432 samples remained in the data, then Dirichlet's hidden allocation topic modeling was implemented on the data. This modeling separated different topics by examining the distribution of words in tweets; The tweets whose distribution of words were similar were placed into a topic and the number of topics with the highest coherence score was selected, the number of topics 9 had higher coherence and the data were grouped into 9 topics, so once again the Dirichlet hidden allocation modeling was set to 9. The topic was done, with this the tweets were grouped into 9 different topics. To evaluate the model, considering that we had a probability distribution, the confusion criterion was used, the value of which was-9.44, and the coherence score was used for the degree of semantic similarity between words and the distinction between subjects, and the result was 0.47. The lower the confusion criterion and the higher the coherence score, the more efficient the model is. With the help of keyword weights obtained by Dirichlet hidden allocation modeling and examining at least 5 different tweets from each topic, 9 topics related to virtual reality technology were identified: "New Technology", "Creation and Make", "Technological Business", "Education", "Virtual Games", "Progress", "Gadget", "Metaverse", and "Indiegame", the topics were analyzed with the help of several graphs. We found that the number of neutral comments on topics such as "New Technology" and "Metaverse" is more than positive and negative comments, which indicates the lack of sufficient information or the lack of use of these technologies, and it is necessary for businesses in this field, to try more in this regard, in the same way, if we observe the graph of "Virtual Games" and "Technological Business", we can see that it changes almost with the same ratio in different years, in the sense that this The two graphs are related, in fact, businesses should keep in mind that the factors affecting these two issues are the same, but users pay more attention to the issue of "Virtual Games", as a result, if the creators of "Technological Business" Focus specifically on "Virtual Games", they will grow more due to the more attention of users, also the creators of games should consider that "Virtual Games" are a topic of more attention than "Indiegame". Is. In the subjects of "Education" and "Gadget", users lost their attention to these subjects in the field of virtual reality over time, in fact they showed their attention to other subjects, so it is better for businesses that operate in this field to take measures To advertise and attract users or change their user area if there is no growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and debilitating condition. People with COPD often experience exacerbations that may require hospitalization. Pattern analysis of respiratory variability can provide valuable insights into the complexity of the respiratory control system. Therefore, this study investigated respiratory pattern variability during stable and exacerbation phases in patients with COPD. Methods: We analyzed respiratory signal data from 14 patients with COPD during exacerbations and stable phases and compared them with 12 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Respiratory pattern variability analysis of 30-minute inter-breath intervals (IBI) time series was performed using sample entropy and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. Results: Sample entropy analysis of the IBI revealed that respiratory variability was more regular during both stable and exacerbation phases in patients with COPD. Also, the short-term (α1) and long-term fractal-like correlation (α2) significantly decreased during both exacerbation and stable phases compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: The respiratory control system in patients with COPD shows less variability (lower entropy and fractal correlation). This reduction in respiratory signal variability indices in COPD patients is still lower than in healthy people, even when their disease status is stabilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Health systems have obtained valuable experience in dealing with various epidemics. The present study, by systematically reviewing the successful experiences of countries, presents a model for a coordinated response to pandemics by various actors in the primary healthcare system. Methods: Thirty-eight articles were obtained from Magiran, SID, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases after applying the search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, time-bound of 2005 to 2022, and quality assessment by Strobe checklist. The articles were assessed in terms of title, abstract, and text, and after removing duplicate and irrelevant ones, the final articles were selected. Results: This study assumed the PHC system as a leafy tree, which requires 25 background factors to strengthen its roots. Three groups of health policymakers, healthcare providers, and society must carry out the necessary measures in a coordinated and synergistic program in the four phases of crisis management, including prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. Conclusion: Strengthening PHC in prevention, screening, testing, and outpatient treatment and mobilizing the community to take care of itself are the most successful experiences dealing with epidemics compared to treating patients in hospitals and spending significant financial and life costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of stations network is not uniform in Iran. The number of stations is more in densely populated areas and less around a large part of the central areas of Iran. Also, these stations have been operating for various periods. Therefore, in situ observation cannot lead to robust results and conclusions for the climate model evaluation and climate change studies. In recent years, reanalysis products have been considered as pseudo-observations, especially for climate studies and weather forecasting. The evaluation of reanalysis products is fundamental and critical because of the uncertainty due to the interpolation and to the data assimilation and forecasting models. In this paper, the reanalysis data of CFS-v2, MERRA-2, and ERA-5 climate databases are evaluated, using the data of 143 meteorological stations over the period 1991-2020. Reanalysis data are compared using Pearson's correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized mean square error (NRMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSC), bias index (BIAS), mean absolute error (MAE) and Kling-Gupta efficient (KGE), in the 6 regions representative of climate diversity in Iran. Also, the seasonal accuracy, annual trend, and probability distribution of the reanalyzed data were analyzed in comparison with the observations. The results show that CFS-v2, MERRA-2, and ERA-5 have high accuracy for estimating the temperature in Iran. In general, based on all statistical indicators and in all regions, ERA-5 is the most accurate; MERRA-2 and CFS-v2 were ranked second and third, with MAE values of 1.39, 1.71, and 2.077, respectively. In the spring, for the hot cluster (southwest), CFS-v2 data; in the summer, for the hot (southwest) and very cold (northwest) clusters, MERAA-2 data; and in autumn and winter, for the warm coastal cluster (coasts of Oman Sea and Persian Gulf), MERAA-2 data; are most accurate. In terms of annual trends, in the very cold cluster (northwest), CFS-v2 data; in the hot cluster (southwest), MERRA-2 data; and in other places, the data of ERA-5 have the closest trend to the trend of observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effect of Tocilizumab and high dose of corticosteroid on COVID-19 mortality and outcomes is equivocal. This study was designed to compare the effect of tocilizumab and Methylprednisolone pulse dose on mortality, outcomes and duration of hospitalization in severe COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: The above research was a retrospective study conducted on 131 patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the acute respiratory ward of Shohadaye Khalije Fars Hospital in Bushehr, Iran, from March to October 2021. Of these patients, 66 were assigned to the methylprednisolone pulse group and 65 to the tocilizumab group and the two groups were then compared in terms of clinical outcomes, laboratory test results, and lung imaging findings. Results: The results of the study showed that the percentage of mortality, the mean duration of hospitalization, and the rate of requirement for intubation were not signiciantly different between the methylprednisolone pulse and the tocilizumab groups (P>0.05). The improvement in CRP and arterial oxygen saturation was significantly different between the two groups after treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion: High dose of methylprednisolone in severely ill patients was associated with faster recovery of the patients in terms of arterial oxygenation and the inflammatory marker CRP. Nevertheless, there was no difference between the two drugs in terms of mortality rate and prognosis. Therefore methylprednisolone pulse dose can be a good alternative to tocilizumab in severe COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in order to monitor the water of the reservoir behind the Boostan Dam using the phytoplankton population and Palmer index for one and half years. The sampling was done seasonally in five stations from depths of 0.5 to 3 meters using One-liter Ruttner sampler. After identifying phytoplankton species; the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalf richness index, Simpson index, Pillo's species uniformity index, and also Palmer's pollution index were determined. According to abundance, 5 phyllums were the dominant phytoplankton groups; Bacillariophyta (56%), Chlorophyta (23%), Cyanophyta (13%), Euglenophyta (4%), and Pyrophyta (4%). In this area, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed an average level of biodiversity. The highest value of the Pielou (0.88) and Simpson (0.95) indices were obtained in the summer. The lowest value of the Margalef index was calculated in the summer with a numerical value of 2.82. The results of Palmer's index showed that the water of reservoir behind the Bostan Dam is categorized at the level of very high organic matter pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The oral health of pregnant women affects the health of mother and child as much as the public health affects the health of people in a community. Dental treatment during this period should be performed in such a way that it has no side effects on the fetus. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of general dentists and dental interns in Isfahan about dental measures in pregnancy period. Methods. In this study, a total of 232 general dentists and dental interns were investigated in Isfahan using a self-made questionnaire containing 26 questions (20 knowledge questions and 6 performance questions) about the measures necessary to employ during pregnancy. Then the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and performing T-test and ANOVA test. Significant level for all calculations was set at 0.05. Results. According to the study result, the total knowledge score was 13.2±3/5. The question about "prescribing the required drugs" had a significant correlation with university of study (P=0.047) and type of employment (P=0.047). The question "if the pregnant woman had pyogenic granuloma (pregnancy tumor), what will you do?" had a significant correlation with gender (P=0.042). Conclusion. The overall score of the dentist's knowledges of the necessary measures during pregnancy was 13.2±3.5 which was fairly acceptable; however, it was recommended that further studies should be carried out in order to eliminate the possible risks posed by dentists to dental treatments of these patients. Practical Implications. The average knowledge score of dentists with less than 5 years of experience was 14.18, and the average knowledge score of dentists with more than 5 years of experience was 13.42, which highlighted the need for offering refresher courses for dentists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. During pregnancy, it is crucial to minimize maternal anxiety to maintain the mental and physical health of both the mother and fetus, especially in high-risk pregnancies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of family support on decreasing depressive and anxiety symptoms in women hospitalized with high-risk pregnancies in their third trimester. Methods. This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 70 high-risk pregnant women in their third trimester. Samples were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group walked for five weeks, five days a week, with their spouse or a family member for half an hour a day in the hospital. The control group received routine care. Participants completed the Spielberger Anxiety and Beck Depression Inventory once before and once a week during the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS.21 software using ANCOVA, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U. Results. Results showed that the subjects were homogeneous in terms of mean overall score of anxiety before the intervention, and there is no significant difference between the intervention group 43.2 (±2.93) and the control group 42.63 (±3.3) (P=0.53). Statistical tests showed that, three weeks after the intervention, the mean anxiety score in the study group decreased significantly, and there was a significant difference in the mean anxiety score of women in the intervention 41.3(±3.07) and control 42.12(±3.6) groups (P=0.032). On the other hand, the level of state anxiety in the study group decreased (P=0.03). The results showed that the depression score after the intervention in the study group decreased significantly (P=0.001). Conclusion. Anxiety level and depression score decreased after the intervention. Practical Implications. The current study's results showed that talking to a spouse or relatives during pregnancy can increase women's peace of mind, and social support during hospitalization can reduce the anxiety and depression of the pregnant mother. Therefore, using such methods will be beneficial for the pregnant mother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1), also known as Wermer syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the combined occurrence of two or more tumors (classically parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary). Due to the rarity of MEN-1 syndrome and its complexity, clinical management is difficult, and it is recommended to collaborate with a professional team including: clinical geneticist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, oncologist, endocrinologist, neurosurgeon, radiologist, and histopathologist. Here, a case of a young patient with MEN-1 syndrome is introduced, who was admitted to the Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital in Bushehr due to hypercalcemia. The patient had a history of lipoma in childhood and currently has tumoral involvement of all three classic glands of this syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the problems and challenges faced in the field of dentistry can be attributed to filing a lawsuit against the dentist resulting in discontent, consuming time and energy from both parties. This study can be useful for students and dentists because it will enable them to identify cases that lead to filing lawsuits and in turn adhere to the principles of professional ethics when treating and interacting with patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adherence to the principles of professional ethics and frequency of lawsuits in Isfahan city between 2010 to 2020. Materials & Methods: In this Cross-Sectional study, 706 files of lawsuits during 2010-2020 at the Isfahan medical archives of records and the deputy department of treatment were evaluated and the relevant information was extracted. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics test. Results: A rising trend was observed in the rate of lawsuits. The most common reason for the lawsuits was related to not having the knowledge, skill and experience, additional consultations and referrals to other dentists, overbilling and unethical behavior in the workplace. A higher Frequency of lawsuits were associated to male and general dentists. Conclusion: Dental complaints had a rising trend, and the most commonly reported cases were related to not having the knowledge, skill, experience and additional consultation and referrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Athar alrafedain is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The inflammatory process in spinal cord injury contributes to the development of secondary injury cascades by releasing pro-inflammatory molecules. In addition, inflammation can also activate astrocytes, which can exacerbate the inflammatory response and prevent the regeneration of damaged nerve cells by scar formation. Astaxanthin (AST) is a fat-soluble carotenoid with anti-inflammatory effects and a promising candidate for the treatment of neurological disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the underlying mechanism of AST on the reduction of inflammatory responses, and astrocyte activation in a rat compression SCI model. Methods and Materials: Male rats were anesthetized and subjected to laminectomy in the area of 8-9 thoracic vertebrae. SCI was induced by applying pressure to the spinal cord tissue using an aneurysm clips. 30 minutes after injury, rats in the control and treatment groups received intrathecal injections of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide or 0.2 mM AST respectively. The effects of AST on motor function were evaluated using Beam walking in four weeks. Western blot technique was performed to determine the effects of AST on the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after SCI at 12 hours and 1, 3 and 7 days. Results: Administering a single dose of AST improved the ability to step and the ability to support body weight compared to the first week during 28 days after SCI. The results of molecular studies showed that AST decreased the expression of GFAP, and inflammatory pathway proteins (HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-κB) at all-time points. Conclusion: Post-SCI administration of AST improves motor activity along with a reduction in inflammation, probably through inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and suppressing astrocyte activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Arab Universities Union of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of farmers' entrepreneurship mentality as effective variable on demand - driven agricultural extension. Statistical population included of 250 farmers who participated in the plane of "Targeted Template Site" that with using of stratified random sampling method with appropriate assignment and by Kerjessy and Morgan table, the number of 148 farmers selected as research sample. The instrument of gathering information was questionnaire that validity investigated based on view of experts of Buali Sina and Tehran universities and necessary reforms has done. Also realibility of questionnaire showed that alpha coronbakh coefficient was 0.90 and more that revealed very good realibility for different parts of questionnaire. The gathered datas through SPSS and AMOS analyzed. Demand - driven agricultural extention as dependent variable analyzed on two dimentions: client- oriented and market- oriented. Finally farmers' enteprenuership and empowerment have positive and significant effect on demand - driven agricultural extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of College of Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Arab Universities Union of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of research is the low and low wages in the agricultural sector, which makes it an employment sector, indicating that there is imbalance in the structure of the labor market in the agricultural sector, and thus the current deviation of agricultural employment from the optimum level that achieves economic efficiency, hence the main objective of The research is to assess the equilibrium situation of the labor market in the Egyptian agricultural sector, and determine the most important factors affecting it, through the study of both sides of the demand and supply of agricultural labor through Simultaneous Equations Model. The most important results obtained were: 1 - For the function of demand for agricultural labor: It was found from the estimated equation that the increase in the wages of the agricultural worker by one pound leads to a significant statistical decrease at a significant level of 5% in the demand for agricultural labor by about 135 thousand workers, as shown from the estimated equation Effect of production value Agricultural demand for agricultural employment amounted to about 29.7 thousand workers million workers. The impact of the supply of agricultural labor in the demand for agricultural labor, which reached about 645 thousand workers, was also shown. 2- For the agricultural labor supply function, the estimated equation shows that increasing demand for agricultural labor leads to an increase in the supply of agricultural labor by 1 million and 9,000 workers. It is also shown from the estimated equation that increasing the wage of the agricultural worker by one pound leads to an increase in the supply of agricultural labor by about 39 thousand workers. 3- As for the equilibrium situation of the labor market in the Egyptian agricultural sector, it was found that the wage of the agricultural worker amounted to about 43.338 thousand pounds / year, ie about 118.73 pounds / day, which is different from the actual situation of the wage of the agricultural worker, which averaged 26.164 thousand pounds / year Ie about 71.68 pounds / day as an average for the last three years. This means that the wage of the worker in the agricultural sector is less than the equivalent of 47.05 pounds per day. In addition, the total number of agricultural workers in the agricultural sector reached about 6.34 million workers, which differs from the actual situation of the supply of agricultural labor which reached 7.780 million workers as an average for the last three years. This means increasing the supply of agricultural labor to the balanced size of agricultural labor by (1.44 million workers), which explains the low wages in the agricultural sector, in order to load the agriculture sector with a larger number of workers than is supposed to be and hence the low wage in the agricultural sector and thus become an employment sector that will negatively affect the attractiveness of investments in the agricultural sector Which represents a sector Wide in the Egyptian economy is not negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed at identifying risks facing agriculture from water availability and natural hazards by planning the cropping pattern under low risk, and studying the impact of both climate change and geographical area on the productivity per Feddan. The study estimate risk of cropping pattern in the first scenario was estimated to be about 6.6% under normal restrictions. In the second scenario, it was 3.04% under normal restrictions in addition to stabilize the area of rice at 750,000 feddans, with self-sufficiency of 10% and 20% of wheat and maize The total return on risk under the first and second scenarios was about 73.315 and 75.133 million pounds. The cropping pattern in the second scenario is better than the first, as it achieves a higher net return and also achieves state policies in terms of reducing the rice area. It also increases the self-sufficiency of wheat and maize. The effect of climate change and geographical area variation on productivity during the period (2013-2016) showed that their impact ranged from 61 to 92%. There Also was a negative impact of climate change on the productivity per Feddan. except for wheat crop the effect of either wheat has not been determined. The study recommended pulling the optimal cropping pattern, the need to increase the awareness of the seriousness of the negative effects of climate change and the development of awareness programs through the various media, and the production of new varieties afford climate change and salinity, and the use of modern technological methods Such as protected agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Drug abuse is a long-standing social and public health problem in Iran. Access to accurate, reliable and up-to-date data related to drug use is essential for planning and policy-making for prevention of, treatment of, and harm reduction related to, drug abuse. The purpose of this study was to access accurate data regarding drug abuse prevalence and substance use in Tehran Province population. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional household survey with a sample of 6024 individuals aged 15-64 years residing in Tehran Province. Data on demographic characteristics and drug use during the previous week, month and year and the whole lifetime were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire. Results: A total of 5646 individuals participated in the study. The lifelong prevalence of cigarette-smoking, hookah-smoking, alcohol consumption and drug use were 21.9%, 26.8%, 12.1% and 7.3%, respectively. The corresponding proportions during the previous week were 12.9%, 10.5%, 1.8% and 2.2%. Conclusion: The prevalence of cigarette-smoking, hookah-smoking, alcohol consumption and drug use is high in Tehran Province. The prevalence of lifelong cigarette and hookah smoking and alcohol consumption is higher, while that of drug use is lower, than the respective national averages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر تمرینات سی ایکس ورکس بر تعادل پویا، عملکرد اندام‎فوقانی و حس عمقی در دختران نوجوان ناشنوا پرداخت. روش پژوهش از نوع شبه تجربی با گروه کنترل بود. نمونه آماری پژوهش حاضر را30 نفر از دختران نوجوان ناشنوای مطلق بود همه آزمودنی ها به دو گروه کنترل و تجربی (هرگروه15 نفر) تقسیم شدند. برای اندازه‌گیری تعادل پویا، عملکرد اندام‌فوقانی از تست وای و برای اندازه گیری حس عمقی از نرم افزار کینوا استفاده شد. برای بررسی طبیعی بودن توزیع داده ها از آزمون شاپیروویلک و برای تحلیل فرضیات از آزمون تی همبسته و آنالیز کواریانس استفاده شد. سپس در نرم افزار "اس پی اس اس" در سطح معناداری 05/0 انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تمرینات سی ایکس ورکس موجب بهبود تعادل پویا، عملکرد اندام‌فوقانی و حس عمقی دختران نوجوان ناشنوای مطلق را در هر دو مقایسه درون گروهی و بین گروهی شد

به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر بیوچار بر حاصلخیزی خاک و کارایی مصرف آب در سیاه‌دانه (Nigella sativa L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل آبیاری به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح 100درصد، 70 و 40درصد نیاز آبی و کرت‌های فرعی شامل فاکتور بیوچار در سه سطح شامل بدون بیوچار، 10 تن در هکتار بیوچار و 20 تن در هکتار بیوچار و کود شیمیایی در دو سطح شامل بدون مصرف کود و مصرف کود بود. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف20 تن در هکتار بیوچار بیشترین تاثیر را بر درصد نیتروژن خاک، میزان پتاسیم، درصد مواد آلی و کربن زیست‌توده میکروبی خاک داشت ولی اثر بیوچار بر میزان فسفر قابل دسترس خاک معنی‌دار نبود. نتایج مرتبط با گیاه سیاه‌دانه نشان داد که با وجود معنی‌دار نبودن اثر ساده بیوچار بر صفات گیاه، اثر متقابل آن با کود شیمیایی و نیاز آبی معنی‌دار شد. بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب بر اساس عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای آبیاری بر اساس 70 درصد نیاز آبی به‌همراه مصرف کود شیمیایی (I2F2) و 10 تن در هکتار بیوچار به‌همراه مصرف کود شیمیایی (B2F2) مشاهده شد. اثرات متقابل آبیاری، بیوچار و کود شیمیایی تاثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد کاه و کلش در سیاه‌دانه داشت و بیشترین تاثیر مربوط به تیمار آبیاری بر اساس 70 درصد نیاز آبی به‌همراه 10 تن در هکتار بیوچار و کودشیمیایی (I2B2F2) بود. به طور کلی، استفاده از بیوچار در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک علاوه بر بهبود خصوصیات خاک، جذب آب و عناصر غذایی توسط گیاه را افزایش داده و با تاثیر بهینه بر عملکرد، میزان آب مصرفی در سیاه‌دانه را کاهش داده و باعث صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب می‌شود.