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为降低发酵培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA的成本，以酱香型白酒酒糟为实验材料，将其简单预处理后作为裂殖壶菌发酵培养基氮源，首先分析了酒糟处理液与胰蛋白胨的游离氨基酸组成与含量，然后以生物量、油脂产量和DHA产量为指标，对酒糟处理液、胰蛋白胨、酵母提取物和牛肉膏作为氮源培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA进行了比较，优化了酒糟处理液作为氮源时的发酵工艺条件，并对发酵废液进行三次循环利用。结果表明：酒糟处理液可以作为满足裂殖壶菌生长的氮源；与酵母提取物、牛肉膏相比，酒糟处理液作为氮源有明显优势；利用酒糟处理液作为氮源的最佳发酵工艺条件为酒糟（含水量约10%）与水质量比1∶ 9、酒糟处理液添加量70%（与基础发酵培养基中水的置换比例）、初始pH 7.0、培养时间108 h,在此条件下裂殖壶菌生物量、油脂产量和DHA产量分别达到22.14、8.88 g/L和284 g/L；最佳条件下三次循环添加15.0%（与基础发酵培养基中水的置换比例）发酵废液于酒糟处理液培养基中，裂殖壶菌DHA产量分别为4.27、3.70 g/L和2.75 g/L。综上，利用酒糟处理液培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA是酒糟资源化利用的新方法。 In order to reduce the cost of producing DHA by fermentation culture of Schizochytrium, the sauce-flavor distiller′s grains were used as the experimental material, and it was simply pretreated as the nitrogen source of the fermentation culture medium of Schizochytrium.Firstly, the free amino acid composition and content of distiller′s grains treatment liquid and tryptone were analyzed. Then, the biomass, oil yield and DHA yield were used as indicators, the production of DHA by Schizochytrium using distiller′s grains treatment liquid, tryptone, yeast extract and beef extract as nitrogen sources was compared, and the fermentation conditions were optimized when distiller′s grains treatment liquid was used as nitrogen source.The fermentation wastewater was recycled for three times. The results showed that the distiller′s grains treatment liquid could be used as a nitrogen source for the growth of Schizochytrium. Compared with yeast extract and beef extract, distiller′s grains treatment liquid had obvious advantages as nitrogen source. The optimal fermentation conditions for using distiller′ s grains treatment liquid as nitrogen source were obtained as follows: mass ratio of distiller′s grains (about 10% of water content) to water 1∶ 9, dosage of distiller′s grains treatment liquid 70%(replacement ratio of water in the basic fermentation culture medium), initial pH 70, and incubation time 108 h.Under these conditions, the biomass, oil yield, and DHA yield of Schizochytrium reached 22.14, 8.88 g/L, and 2.84 g/L, respectively. After three cycles of adding 15.0% (replacement ratio of water in the basic fermentation culture medium) of fermentation wastewater into the distiller′s grains treatment liquid culture medium, the DHA yield of Schizochytrium was 4.27, 3.70, 2.75 g/L respectively. In summary, it is a new method of resource utilization of distiller′s grains to cultivate Schizochytrium to produce DHA by distiller′s grains treatment liquid.

为实现藻油中ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-3 PUFAs）的简单、绿色、高效分离纯化工艺，首先利用裂殖壶菌原始菌株及定向驯化菌株ALE40为原料提取油脂，通过优势性评估及细胞通透性对比二者提油效果，并通过测定油脂指标对比3种提油方法(酸解法、超声干法、超声湿法)优劣。对超声湿法提取的粗藻油采用酯交换法进行乙酯化后，联合尿素包埋法和分子蒸馏技术富集高浓度二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），对酯交换及尿素包埋工艺条件进行单因素实验优化,通过对分子蒸馏重相DHA和EPA含量测定确定分子蒸馏级数，并对纯化藻油的理化指标进行测定。结果表明：相比裂殖壶菌原始菌株，ALE40 的细胞通透性明显较好，在无需干燥的情况下，超声10 min即可达到最高油脂得率（53.2%），缩短超声时间的同时提高了破壁效率；3种提油方法中超声湿法提取的藻油理化指标较好；酯交换反应最佳条件为反应温度60 ℃、KOH 添加量3%、醇油比10∶ 1、反应时间0.5 h，尿素包埋最佳工艺条件为脲酯比0.8∶ 1、溶酯比8∶ 1、包埋温度4 ℃、包埋时间8 h；尿素包埋后的藻油经二级分子蒸馏纯化后，藻油中 EPA 和 DHA 总含量从17.40%（酯交换反应）升高到90.86%,总回收率为62.28%；得到的纯化藻油的各项理化指标均符合行标要求，且储存3个月内无沉淀，具备一定稳定性。综上，该提取分离纯化工艺全程实现试剂循环利用，且制备的藻油酸值低、无异味。To realize a simple, green and efficient separation and purification process of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) from algal oil, firstly, the original strain of Schizochytrium sp. and the oriented domesticated strain ALE40 were used as raw materials to extract the algal oil, the oil extraction effects of the two strains were compared through the assessment of dominance and cell permeability, and the advantages and disadvantages of three oil extraction methods （acid digestion, ultrasonic-assisted dry extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted wet extraction）were compared through the determination of the oil indexes.After ethyl esterification by transesterification of algal oil extracted by ultrasound-assisted wet extraction, high concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were enriched by the combination of urea complexation and molecular distillation techniques, and the conditions of the transesterification and urea complexation processes were optimized by single factor experiment, as well as the physicochemical indexes of purified oil were determined. The results showed that compared to the original strain of Schizochytrium sp. , the cell permeability of ALE40 was significantly better, and the highest oil yield of 53.2% could be achieved by ultrasound-assisted wet extraction of ALE40 for 10 min without drying, which shortened the ultrasound time and improved the wall-breaking efficiency. In the three oil extraction methods, the algal oil extracted by ultrasound-assisted wet extraction had better physicochemical indexes.The optimal transesterification reaction conditions were reaction temperature 60 ℃, KOH addition 3%, alcohol-oil ratio 10∶ 1 and reaction time 0.5 h. The optimal urea complexation process conditions were urea-ester ratio 0.8∶ 1, solvent-ester ratio 8∶ 1, crystallization temperature 4 ℃ and crystallization time 8 h. After urea complexation, the algal oil was purified by secondary molecular distillation, the total content of EPA and DHA in the algal oil increased from 1740% (transesterification reaction) to 90.86%, and the total recovery was 62.28%. The physicochemical indexes of the purified algal oil met the requirements of the industry standard, and there was no precipitation within three months of storage, with a certain degree of stability. In conclusion, the extraction, separation and purification process can realize the recyling of reagents throughout the entire procedure, and the prepared algal oil has low acid value and no peculiar odor.

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Copyright of Application Research of Computers / Jisuanji Yingyong Yanjiu is the property of Application Research of Computers Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)is the most common energy supplier in living organisms and also an important signaling molecule. The expression level of ATP is significantly upregulated in the tumor microenvironment. The purinergic receptor ion channel P2X is widely distributed in various tissues. ATP can specifically activate the P2X receptor to induce the opening of gated ion channels in the microenvironment, thereby affecting the downstream signal transduction in regulating the physiological activities. Notably, abnormal purinergic signal plays an important role in tumor progression. This review focuses on the expression, structure, and function of the P2X receptor protein family. It also elucidates the mechanisms by which the P2X receptor family participates in the progression of various solid tumors, as well as research on targeted P2X family for tumor therapy. These studies will enrich the basic research theory related to purinergic signaling and provide the new targets and strategies for clinical therapy of solid tumors by targeting P2X family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Femoral head necrosis brings a serious burden to patients and the society. The existing hypotheses cannot fully explain the mechanism of the femoral head necrosis. However, there is no doubt that the dysfunction of bone microcirculation system is its pathological basis. Given the importance of microcirculation during femoral head necrosis, recent studies indicate that bone microvascular endothelial cell injury exerts a crucial effect on the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the action mechanism of bone microvascular endothelial cells for treatment of femoral head necrosis, and to focus on the prospect of improving microcirculation and promoting osteogenesis based on bone microvascular endothelial cells, so as to treat femoral head necrosis. METHODS: “Necrosis of femoral head; bone microvascular endothelial cells; microcirculation disorder; bone tissue engineering technology; microRNAs” were used as Chinese and English keywords. Totally 220 related articles were obtained by searching on CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang database, and PubMed database. Insufficient timeliness, vague conclusions, and repetitive articles were excluded by reading the titles, abstracts and part of the content. Finally, 63 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The impaired angiogenesis, abnormal apoptosis, thrombosis and fat embolism caused by the dysfunction of bone microvascular endothelial cells are all involved in the occurrence and development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. (2) Traditional Chinese medicine, bone tissue engineering technology, transfection-based method, and microRNAs can be employed to prevent and treat avascular necrosis of the femoral head by promoting angiogenesis, suppressing apoptosis and vascular embolism. (3) Combined transplantation of microvascular endothelial cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of femoral head necrosis, but the optimal ratio between co-grafts and scaffolds with good biocompatibility and cultured cells needs further research. (4) For gene transfection, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of target gene in host cells has not been fully studied. In addition, there are few related clinical trials, and the therapeutic effect needs to be further verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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【Objective】The effect of farmland microplastics on the decomposition process of rice straw and the decomposition of farmland microplastics was studied. 【Method】Three kinds of microplastics, PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride), were set up in field experiments, with two concentrations of 1% and 5%, S (small particle size), M (medium size) particle size) and L (large particle size), the control group Control (without adding microplastics). Using rice straw as a decomposition substrate, the weight loss rate, microbial activity and particle size distribution of residual microplastics of rice straw were analyzed. 【Result】Except for PE, PP and PVC had significant effects on promoting the decomposition of rice straw. The higher the added concentration of microplastics, the greater the weight loss rate of rice straw; the increase in the particle size of microplastics leads to a decrease in the weight loss rate of straw. During the whole decomposition period of straw, microplastics promoted carboxymethyl cellulase (Cx enzyme), but inhibited exo-β-glucanosidase (C1 enzyme ). Promotes peroxidase activity. On the other hand, microplastics with large particle sizes have a greater degree of decomposition than those with small particle sizes. Smaller particles, while 91% of large particle size PP is decomposed into smaller particles, and 70% of small particle size PP is decomposed into smaller particles. 【Conclusion】Microplastics in farmland soil can promote the decomposition of rice straw, but the effect on microbial activity is uncertain . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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