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Aim of investigation. To study dynamics of morbidity gastrointestinal tumors in Kabardino-Balkar Republic for 25-year period, to compare to the Russian and world wide epidemiological data. Material and methods. Annual reports of oncological dispensary of Kabardino-Balkar Republic Ministry of healthcare for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2009-2014, along with archive of biopsies and postoperative specimen of Bureau of pathology for 2009-2012 are studied and statistically analyzed. Intensive (raw) scores for gender and age, annual average gain rates of oral, esophageal, stomach and colonic neoplasms incidence rate were calculated. Results. In Kabardino-Balkar Republic in contrast to all-Russia and world data decrease in oral and oropharyngeal and especially (more than double) esophageal cancer was noted. Decrease in incidence of colorectal cancer and growth - of the stomach cancer in Kabardino-Balkar Republic correspond to similar trends in other regions, but exceed them in rates. Incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancer cases, stomach and colonic neoplasms in urban and lowland population is higher (1.4-2 times) as compared to rural and mountainous population, while for esophageal carcinoma, on the contrary, the prevalence is higher in the mountain part (almost double) both for the town and country populaiton. Conclusions. Establishment of epidemiologic and morphological features of malignant tumors gives clinicians a chance to take effective measures for early diagnostics and effective treatment, whereas healthcare administration may develop prophylactic actions.

Epithelium of an oral cavity and red border of lips – the most frequent source of malignant new growths of the head and neck. In article the structure, prevalence, tendencies of incidence and morphology of cancer tumors of a mucous membrane of an oral cavity and a border of lips among residents of Kabardino-Balkaria for the period are studied 1990–2014. Material of a research were annual statements Oncologic Dispensary State Healthcare Institution of the Ministry of Health of Kabardino-Balkaria, archival biopsy and postoperative material Pathoanatomical Bureau State Healthcare Institution of the Ministry of Health of Kabardino-Balkaria. The intensive (rough) and standardized values on a sex, age and geographical zones, annual average rates of a surplus/decrease of incidence with use of the international standard of age distribution are calculated. Standardizationis carried out by a direct method. It is established that in Kabardino-Balkaria unlike the Russian indicators there is a reduction (and considerable) frequencies of cancer tumors of an oral cavity especially among female population. At the same time they are registered 4 times more among men, is 1.4 times more often at city dwellers, than at rural. At a carcinoma of a border of lips even more rapid fall of incidence on rates of a decrease exceeding the all-Russian indicators is observed. The male population is surprised 3 times more often women’s here, and the number for the first time of the revealed patients in rural and mountainous areas of Kabardino-Balkaria by 1.6 times exceeds incidence respectively among citizens and the population of steppe and forest-steppe zones. Cancer cases of a cavity prevail in age groups of 50–59 and 60–69 years, and in case of a carcinoma of a border of lips – at senile age (70 years and are more senior). The vast majority of cancer of oral localization (94 %) and all cases of a carcinoma of a border of lips on a histologic structure represented a planocellular form. Knowledge of epidemiological and morphological characteristics allow revealing actively patients at early stages of diseases, to hold medical examination and preventive events more effectively, to plan rational tactics of treatment of patients.

The structure and trend of incidence, geographical prevalence, the comparative analysis and morphology of cancer of uterus, ovaries, vaginas and vulvas among inhabitants of Kabardino-Balkaria during 1990–2014 are presented. Rates of a gain of these new growths considerably exceed the all-Russian indicators especially concerning an endometrium carcinoma, but “rejuvenation” of diseases in Kabardino-Balkaria is not observed. Carcinomas of a body and a neck of a uterus meet among inhabitants of mountainous areas of the region than flat more often. Cancer tumors of endometrium and ovaries affect city dwellers, unlike a uterus neck more. The received results allow revealing actively patients at early stages of diseases, to hold medical examination and preventive events more effectively, to plan rational tactics of treatment of patients.

Justification: cancer of a thyroid gland the most frequent tumor of endocrine glands with a tendency of steady increase of incidence. Aims: to study the structure, prevalence and trends in incidence, morphology of thyroid cancer among residents of the Kabardino-Balkaria for the period 19902014 years. To carry out the comparative analysis of incidence on gender and age of the population, geographical zones of the territory. Material and methods. Annual reports the Oncological clinic of Ministry of health K-B, archival biopsies and postoperative material Pathology Bureau. Designed intense (coarse) and the standardized value for age and sex, the annual growth rate in the incidence of thyroid cancer using the world standard age distribution. Standardization carried out by the direct method. Results. The rate of growth of the disease in the K-B exceed all-Russian especially impressive trend is observed among men. Intense (rough) values of the incidence is highest at age 5059 years, standardized 70 years and older. K-B urban residents suffer most are the mountain population of the plains most rural. Morphologically, the vast majority of carcinomas were the high-differentiated histological forms, more than half of the cases associated with a goiter. Conclusions. The obtained results allow us to actively identify patients in the early stages, it is more efficient to carry out medical examinations and preventive measures, to plan a rational treatment strategy for patients.

The purpose of the research is studying of Cysticercus tenuicollis protoscolexes extract effects on cell division at different routes of administration to mice and evaluation of the associated negative effects.Materials and methods. C. tenuicollis were obtained from spontaneously infected sheep in Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. C. tenuicollis protoscolexes were washed, crushed and homogenized. Protein extraction was performed with phosphate buffered saline pH 7.2–7.4. C. tenuicollis extract was administered intraperitoneally and intravenously to mice males at the dose level of 80 μg protein/animal. The control group of mice was intravenously injected with 0.1 ml of saline. At hours 3; 6; 24 and 48 post extract administration mice were euthanized. Bone marrow samples were taken from experimental and control mice for preparation of microscopic preparations to assess mitotic activity in a given cell population. The mitotic index was determined, all stages of mitosis were recorded. At the above time points blood samples were taken from mice to determine the main hematological parameters post intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of C. tenuicollis extract. The main hematological parameters of mice were determined using hematological analyzer MicroCC-20 Plus (High Technology, Inc. (USA)); leukocyte formula – by the generally accepted method. Samples of liver, kidneys, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and testes were taken from experimental and control animals for macroscopic and microscopic studies.Results and discussion. C. tenuicollis protoscolices extract leads to inhibition of cell division in the population bone marrow and testes cells in mice when administered intravenously and intraperitoneally at the dose level of 80 μg/animal manifested in accumulation of metaphases and decrease of other stages. At both routes of administration a decrease in leukocyte counts was noted. The observed microscopic changes in testes, spleen and lymph nodes either reflect the consequences of extract antimitotic effect or the immune response to the administration of C. tenuicollis extract.

A chamois are infected with Echinococcus granulosus at 12,0% at detection on the average 6,0±0,4 cysts/goal. E. granulosus cysts had the small size. In a liv- er and lungs of a chamois at the same time 3,6±0,3 of fertile cysts and 2,4±0,2 cysts/goal of acephalocysts of E. granulosus are registered respectively. The number of protoscolexes in 1 ml of the liquid reached 43,6±5,3 sp. It was found more than 70 % fertile cysts of E. granulosus in lungs.

Objectives. The main idea of the present study was the production of polymer composites based on synthetic isoprene elastomer and low-density polyethylene containing nanoparticles of carbon black and aluminium in various amounts.Methods. An exponential approach was used throughout the study to better control the region of small additives; this control was impossible to achieve using a linear distribution of nanofillers among the small additives. The composites were filled with nanosized aluminium and DG-100 carbon black particles with a specific adsorption surface of 100 m2 /g and having an average particle size of 20-30 nm. Electrophysical parameters were measured by conventional techniques of electron microscopy, electron shadow microscopy and hydrostatic weighing. Maxwell-Wagner theory and polarisation model were applied.Results. For a composite containing 80% of isoprene synthetic rubber (SCI-3) and 20% of low-density polyethylene, the dielectric permeability and specific volume resistivity dependences were studied experimentally and their graphs were plotted against the concentration of nanosized particles of aluminium and carbon black fillers. The features of these curves were considered. It is shown that, for small amounts of Al and carbon black nanoparticles in the composite, significant changes (extrema) take place on the curves ԑ '= ԑ' (C) and ρᵥ = ρᵥ (C), which do not conform to the Maxwell-Wagner polarisation model. For some heterogeneous polymer mixtures, a distribution of carbon black particles was observed that led to a superadditive electrical resistance.Conclusion. It is shown that for small amounts of Al and carbon black nanoparticles in composite materials, significant changes (extrema) take place on the curves ԑ '= ԑ' (C) and ρᵥ = ρᵥ (C) that do not fit within the framework of the Maxwell-Wagner polarisation model.