Author: "A. N. Day" / Publication Year Range: Last 10 years - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

271 results on '"A. N. Day"'

1. Unravelling self-regulation in early childhood: protocol for the longitudinal SPROUTS study

Author: Steven J. Howard, E. Vasseleu, L. Mushahwar, S. Mallawaarachchi, C. Neilsen-Hewett, N. Day, E. C. Melhuish, and K. E. Williams
Subjects: Self-regulation, Self-control, Executive function, Early childhood, Development, Longitudinal, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: Abstract Background Enough is known about self-regulation to establish it as a priority target for education and intervention efforts beginning in early childhood, yet not enough to meaningfully and reliably alter developmental trajectories. Rather than resigning our aspirations, we need more nuanced and integrative understanding of self-regulation abilities and change. Methods Launching in 2024, SPROUTS is a 3-year longitudinal study of early self-regulation, beginning in the pre-school period (3–5 years old at Wave 1) with retrospective data back to birth and annual data collection across the transition to school period (ages 5–7 years at Wave 3). Data will be collected on children’s self-regulation, related abilities, outcomes, as well as prior and current contexts. One nested study within each Wave–that contributes complementary insights via supplementary and in-depth methods and data–will enable further exploration of contemporary issues related to self-regulation. Discussion Insights generated can potentiate more effective intervention and education efforts by: improving intervention cost-benefit ratios; identifying likely mechanisms of change; easing burdens of unhealthy and antisocial behaviours associated with low self-regulation; and, most importantly, contributing to giving children the best early start to life. These benefits are timely in the context of intense policy and educational interest in fostering children’s self-regulation. Trial Registration Open Science Framework: osf.io/maqdg. Date of registration: 26 Sep 2024.
Published: 2024
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2. Comparing greenhouse and field biocrust cultivation methods in the Sonoran Desert

Author: A. Antoninka, H. Rowe, J. Weser, D. Langenfeld, J. Brady, T. Sprague, and N. Day
Subjects: biocrust, biocrust cultivation, citizen science, cyanobacteria, lichen, moss, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Developing methods to use biocrusts in restoration is becoming more important as land use and climate change impact the health and intactness of high‐stress ecosystems. Methods of cultivation to maximize the production of biocrusts for use in restoration activities are necessary because salvage opportunities are limited. Our objective for this research was to determine an optimal method for scalable biocrust cultivation. We tested two Field and one Greenhouse cultivation methods. The Field cultivation methods had a base layer of weed cloth, soil and irrigation with either (1) shade cloth immediately over the surface (Quesadilla method) or (2) with shade cloth over a 1 m tall hoophouse (Hoophouse method). The Greenhouse method had nested basins with water wicking up to the soil surface and biocrust from below, with shade cloth attached to basins. We crossed these methods with the addition of native soil or sand and with and without a base of jute using salvaged biocrusts from the Sonoran Desert. All methods led to at least doubling biocrust cover in 11 weeks. The Greenhouse method led to the highest cover of cyanobacteria and mosses, whereas the field Quesadilla method and the addition of native soil in all cultivation methods led to higher abundance of lichens. There were interactions of cultivation method and soil type, with Greenhouse cultivation and native soil promoting the highest cyanobacteria cover and chlorophyll a. We measured exopolysaccharide sheaths (EPS) in native soil and all cultivation conditions, finding no differences for tightly bound sheath fractions, but higher quantities of the loosely bound EPS in the Greenhouse. We also quantified native and non‐native plants in cultivation, finding few plants in Greenhouse cultivation, but high abundance in both Field methods, and particularly with native soil and without jute for native plants. Practical implication: Together, these results demonstrate that all three cultivation methods are successful for bulking biocrust materials for restoration, and preference should be given to the method that is the easiest and most accessible for practitioners.
Published: 2024
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3. Accuracy of a Cancer Registry Versus Clinical Care Team Chart Abstraction in Identifying Cancer Recurrence

Author: Elsa A. Sutton, MD, Benjamin C. Kamdem Talom, BA, Daniel K. Ebner, MD, MPH, Taylor M. Weiskittel, MS, William G. Breen, MD, Roman O. Kowalchuk, MD, Heather J. Gunn, PhD, Courtney N. Day, MS, Eric J. Moore, MD, Sara J. Holton, CTR, BS Health/Health Care Administration/Management, Kathryn M. Van Abel, MD, Chadi N. Abdel-Halim, MD, David M. Routman, MD, and Mark R. Waddle, MD
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the completeness and reliability of recurrence data from an institutional cancer registry for patients with head and neck cancer. Patients and Methods: Recurrence information was collected by radiation oncology and otolaryngology researchers. This was compared with the institutional cancer registry for continuous patients treated with radiation therapy for head and neck cancer at a tertiary cancer center. The sensitivity and specificity of institutional cancer registry data was calculated using manual review as the gold standard. False negative recurrences were compared to true positive recurrences to assess for differences in patient characteristics. Results: A total of 1338 patients who were treated from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2017, were included in a cancer registry and underwent review. Of them, 375 (30%) had confirmed cancer recurrences, 45 (3%) had concern for recurrence without radiologic or pathologic confirmation, and 31 (2%) had persistent disease. Most confirmed recurrences were distant (37%) or distant plus locoregional (29%), whereas few were local (11%), regional (9%), or locoregional (14%) alone. The cancer registry accuracy was 89.4%, sensitivity 61%, and specificity 99%. Time to recurrence was associated with registry accuracy. True positives had recurrences at a median of 414 days vs 1007 days for false negatives. Conclusion: Currently, institutional cancer registry recurrence data lacks the required accuracy for implementation into studies without manual confirmation. Longer follow-up of cancer status will likely improve sensitivity. No identified differences in patients accounted for differences in sensitivity. New, ideally automated, data abstraction tools are needed to improve detection of cancer recurrences and minimize manual chart review.
Published: 2024
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4. INTRAVENOUS DOXYCYCLINE OR AZITHROMYCIN OR A COMBINATION OF THE TWO FOR TREATMENT OF SEVERE SCRUB TYPHUS: A RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL

Author: G. Varghese, D. Dayanand, K. Gunasekaran, D. Kundu, O. Abraham, and N. Day
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Intro: Scrub typhus, a life-threatening zoonotic bacterial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, transmitted by trombiculid mite larvae, is a public health challenge even beyond the ‘tsutsugamushi triangle’, its traditional endemic region in South and Southeast Asia. A billion people are estimated to be at risk in endemic regions, with an estimated one million cases and 150,000 deaths annually. The optimal antibiotic treatment for severe scrub typhus is unclear. Methods: This multi-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial compared the efficacy of intravenous azithromycin, doxycycline, or a combination of both in treating severe scrub typhus. Patients older than 15-years with severe scrub typhus with at least one organ involvement were enrolled. Participants underwent block randomization to be assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 7-day courses of intravenous doxycycline, azithromycin, or both. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality at day 28, persisting complications on day-7, and persisting fever on day-5. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality at 28 days, measures of recovery, treatment safety, and rate of bacterial clearance. Findings: Among 794 participants (median age 48-years), respiratory, hepatic, cardiovascular, renal, and neurological involvement was observed in 62%, 54%, 42%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. In the intention-to-treat analysis, combination therapy resulted in a lower composite outcome than doxycycline (risk difference (RD): -13.3%; 95% CI: -21.6%, -5.1%; P=0.002) or azithromycin (RD: -14.8%; 95% CI: -23.1%, -6.5%; P
Published: 2023
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5. Correction: A randomised double blind placebo controlled phase 2 trial of adjunctive aspirin for tuberculous meningitis in HIV-uninfected adults

Author: Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai, Nicholas Dobbs, Nguyen Hoan Phu, Romain A Colas, Le TP Thao, Nguyen TT Thuong, Ho DT Nghia, Nguyen HH Hanh, Nguyen T Hang, A Dorothee Heemskerk, Jeremy N Day, Lucy Ly, Do DA Thu, Laura Merson, Evelyne Kestelyn, Marcel Wolbers, Ronald Geskus, David Summers, Nguyen VV Chau, Jesmond Dalli, and Guy E Thwaites
Subjects: Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Published: 2023
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6. Efficacy of ultra-short, response-guided sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy for hepatitis C in a single-arm mechanistic pilot study

Author: Barnaby Flower, Le Manh Hung, Leanne Mccabe, M Azim Ansari, Chau Le Ngoc, Thu Vo Thi, Hang Vu Thi Kim, Phuong Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Le Thanh Phuong, Vo Minh Quang, Thuan Dang Trong, Thao Le Thi, Tran Nguyen Bao, Cherry Kingsley, David Smith, Richard M Hoglund, Joel Tarning, Evelyne Kestelyn, Sarah L Pett, Rogier van Doorn, Jennifer Ilo Van Nuil, Hugo Turner, Guy E Thwaites, Eleanor Barnes, Motiur Rahman, Ann Sarah Walker, Jeremy N Day, Nguyen VV Chau, and Graham S Cooke
Subjects: Hepatitis C, genotype 6, response guided therapy, sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Background: World Health Organization has called for research into predictive factors for selecting persons who could be successfully treated with shorter durations of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C. We evaluated early virological response as a means of shortening treatment and explored host, viral and pharmacokinetic contributors to treatment outcome. Methods: Duration of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir (SOF/DCV) was determined according to day 2 (D2) virologic response for HCV genotype (gt) 1- or 6-infected adults in Vietnam with mild liver disease. Participants received 4- or 8-week treatment according to whether D2 HCV RNA was above or below 500 IU/ml (standard duration is 12 weeks). Primary endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR12). Those failing therapy were retreated with 12 weeks SOF/DCV. Host IFNL4 genotype and viral sequencing was performed at baseline, with repeat viral sequencing if virological rebound was observed. Levels of SOF, its inactive metabolite GS-331007 and DCV were measured on days 0 and 28. Results: Of 52 adults enrolled, 34 received 4 weeks SOF/DCV, 17 got 8 weeks and 1 withdrew. SVR12 was achieved in 21/34 (62%) treated for 4 weeks, and 17/17 (100%) treated for 8 weeks. Overall, 38/51 (75%) were cured with first-line treatment (mean duration 37 days). Despite a high prevalence of putative NS5A-inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions (RASs), all first-line treatment failures cured after retreatment (13/13). We found no evidence treatment failure was associated with host IFNL4 genotype, viral subtype, baseline RAS, SOF or DCV levels. Conclusions: Shortened SOF/DCV therapy, with retreatment if needed, reduces DAA use in patients with mild liver disease, while maintaining high cure rates. D2 virologic response alone does not adequately predict SVR12 with 4-week treatment. Funding: Funded by the Medical Research Council (Grant MR/P025064/1) and The Global Challenges Research 70 Fund (Wellcome Trust Grant 206/296/Z/17/Z).
Published: 2023
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7. Intensity modulated radiotherapy for anal canal squamous cell carcinoma: A 16-year single institution experience

Author: Krishan R. Jethwa, Courtney N. Day, Harigopal Sandhyavenu, Karthik Gonuguntla, William S. Harmsen, William G. Breen, David M. Routman, Allison E. Garda, Joleen M. Hubbard, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson, Michelle A. Neben-Wittich, Kenneth W. Merrell, Christopher L. Hallemeier, and Michael G. Haddock
Subjects: Anal cancer, Radiation, IMRT, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Introduction: To report long-term efficacy and adverse events (AEs) associated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). Materials and methods: This was a retrospective review of patients with ASCC who received curative-intent IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy (98%) between 2003 and 2019. Overall survival (OS), colostomy-free survival (CFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The cumulative incidence of local recurrence (LR), locoregional recurrence (LRR), and distant metastasis (DM) were reported. Acute and late AEs were recorded per National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for AEs. Results: 127 patients were included. The median patient age was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR] 55–69) and 79% of patients were female. 33% of patients had T3-4 disease and 68% had clinically involved pelvic or inguinal lymph nodes (LNs).The median patient follow-up was 47 months (IQR: 28–89 months). The estimated 4-year OS, CFS, and PFS were 81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73%–89%), 77% (95% CI: 68%–86%), and 78% (95% CI: 70%–86%), respectively. The 4-year cumulative incidences of LR, LRR, and DM were 3% (95% CI: 1%–9%), 9% (95% CI: 5%–17%), and 10% (95% CI: 6%–18%), respectively. Overall treatment duration greater than 39 days was associated with an increased risk of LRR (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 5.2, 95% CI: 1.4–19.5, p = 0.015). The most common grade 3+ acute AEs included hematologic (31%), gastrointestinal (GI) (17%), dermatologic (16%), and pain (15%). Grade 3+ late AEs included: GI (3%), genitourinary (GU) (2%), and pain (1%). Current smokers were more likely to experience grade 3+ acute dermatologic toxicity compared to former or never smokers (34% vs. 7%, p
Published: 2021
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8. Demonstrating change from a drop-in space soundscape exhibit by using graffiti walls both before and after

Author: M. O. Archer, N. Day, and S. Barnes
Subjects: Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Science
Abstract: Impact evaluation in public engagement necessarily requires measuring change. However, this is extremely challenging for drop-in activities due to their very nature. We present a novel method of impact evaluation which integrates graffiti walls into the experience both before and after the main drop-in activity. The activity in question was a soundscape exhibit, where young families experienced the usually inaudible sounds of near-Earth space in an immersive and accessible way. We apply two analysis techniques to the captured before and after data – quantitative linguistics and thematic analysis. These analyses reveal significant changes in participants' responses after the activity compared to before, namely an increased diversity in language used to describe space and altered conceptions of what space is like. The results demonstrate that the soundscape was surprisingly effective at innately communicating key aspects of the underlying science simply through the act of listening. The impacts also highlight the power of sonification in stimulating public engagement, which, through reflection, can lead to altered associations, perceptions, and understanding. Therefore, we show that this novel approach to drop-in activity evaluation, using graffiti walls both before and after the activity and applying rigorous analysis to this data, has the power to capture change and, thus, have a short-term impact. We suggest that commonly used evaluation tools suitable for drop-in activities, such as graffiti walls, should be integrated both before and after the main activity in general, rather than only using them afterwards as is typically the case.
Published: 2021
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9. Impacts of Coastal Infrastructure on Shoreline Response to Major Hurricanes in Southwest Louisiana

Author: Jack A. Cadigan, Jasmine H. Bekkaye, Navid H. Jafari, Ling Zhu, Ashley R. Booth, Qin Chen, Britt Raubenheimer, Brian D. Harris, Chris O’Connor, Robert Lane, G. Paul Kemp, Jason N. Day, John W. Day, and Hanssel Omar Ulloa
Subjects: hurricane impact, wave attenuation and erosion control, storm surge, chenier plain, breakwater, field measured data, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, City planning, HT165.5-169.9
Abstract: The Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, located along the Chenier Plain in Southwest Louisiana, was the location of the sequential landfall of two major hurricanes in the 2020 hurricane season. To protect the rapidly retreating coastline along the Refuge, a system of breakwaters was constructed, which was partially completed by the 2020 hurricane season. Multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary rapid response deployments of wave gauges, piezometers, geotechnical measurements, vegetation sampling, and drone surveys were conducted before and after Hurricanes Laura and Delta along two transects in the Refuge; one protected by a breakwater system and one which was the natural, unprotected shoreline. Geomorphological changes were similar on both transects after Hurricane Laura, while after Delta there was higher inland sediment deposition on the natural shoreline. Floodwaters drained from the transect with breakwater protection more slowly than the natural shoreline, though topography profiles are similar, indicating a potential dampening or complex hydrodynamic interactions between the sediment—wetland—breakwater system. In addition, observations of a fluidized mud deposit in Rollover Bayou in the Refuge are presented and discussed in context of the maintenance of wetland elevation and stability in the sediment starved Chenier Plain.
Published: 2022
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10. Clinical and laboratory factors associated with neonatal sepsis mortality at a major Vietnamese children's hospital.

Author: Nguyen Duc Toan, Thomas C Darton, Nguyen Hoang Thien Huong, Le Thanh Hoang Nhat, To Nguyen Thi Nguyen, Ha Thanh Tuyen, Le Quoc Thinh, Nguyen Kien Mau, Pham Thi Thanh Tam, Cam Ngoc Phuong, Le Nguyen Thanh Nhan, Ngo Ngoc Quang Minh, Ngo Minh Xuan, Tang Chi Thuong, Nguyen Thanh Hung, Christine Boinett, Stephen Reece, Abhilasha Karkey, Jeremy N Day, and Stephen Baker
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Sepsis is a major cause of neonatal mortality and children born in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at greater risk of severe neonatal infections than those in higher-income countries. Despite this disparity, there are limited contemporaneous data linking the clinical features of neonatal sepsis with outcome in LMICs. Here, we aimed to identify factors associated with mortality from neonatal sepsis in Vietnam. We conducted a prospective, observational study to describe the clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and mortality rate of neonatal sepsis at a major children's hospital in Ho Chi Minh City. All in-patient neonates clinically diagnosed with probable or culture-confirmed sepsis meeting inclusion criteria from January 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled. We performed univariable analysis and logistic regression to identify factors independently associated with mortality. 524 neonates were recruited. Most cases were defined as late-onset neonatal sepsis and were hospital-acquired (91.4% and 73.3%, respectively). The median (IQR) duration of hospital stay was 23 (13-41) days, 344/524 (65.6%) had a positive blood culture (of which 393 non-contaminant organisms were isolated), and 69/524 (13.2%) patients died. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (232/405; 57.3%), Klebsiella spp. (28/405; 6.9%), and Escherichia coli (27/405; 6.7%) were the most isolated organisms. Sclerema (OR = 11.4), leukopenia 4 mmol/L (OR = 3.4), extremely low birth weight (OR = 3.2), and hyperglycaemia >180 mg/dL (OR = 2.6) were all significantly (p
Published: 2022
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11. The impact of HIPEC vs. EPIC for the treatment of mucinous appendiceal carcinoma: a study from the US HIPEC collaborative

Author: Jennifer L. Leiting, Courtney N. Day, William S. Harmsen, Jordan M. Cloyd, Sherif Abdel-Misih, Keith Fournier, Andrew J. Lee, Sean Dineen, Sophie Dessureault, Jula Veerapongh, Joel M. Baumgartner, Callisia Clarke, Harveshp Mogal, Maria C. Russell, Mohammad Y. Zaidi, Sameer H. Patel, Mackenzie C. Morris, Ryan J. Hendrix, Laura A. Lambert, Daniel E. Abbott, Courtney Pokrzywa, Mustafa Raoof, Oliver Eng, Fabian M. Johnston, Jonathan Greer, and Travis E. Grotz
Subjects: mucinous appendiceal carcinoma, cytoreductive surgery, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, early post-operative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, multi-institutional, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract: Introduction Mucinous appendiceal carcinoma is a rare malignancy that commonly spreads to the peritoneum leading to peritoneal metastases. Complete cytoreduction with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (PIC) is the mainstay of treatment, administered as either hyperthermic intra peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) or early post-operative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC). Our goal was to assess the perioperative and long term survival outcomes associated with these two PIC methods. Materials and methods Patients with mucinous appendiceal carcinoma were identified in the US HIPEC Collaborative database from 12 academic institutions. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and survival outcomes were compared among patients who underwent HIPEC vs. EPIC with inverse probability weighting (IPW) used for adjustment. Results Among 921 patients with mucinous appendiceal carcinoma, 9% underwent EPIC while 91% underwent HIPEC. There was no difference in Grade III–V complications between the two groups (18.5% for HIPEC vs. 15.0% for EPIC, p=.43) though patients who underwent HIPEC had higher rates of readmissions (21.2% vs. 8.8%, p
Published: 2020
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12. Three phylogenetic groups have driven the recent population expansion of Cryptococcus neoformans

Author: P. M. Ashton, L. T. Thanh, P. H. Trieu, D. Van Anh, N. M. Trinh, J. Beardsley, F. Kibengo, W. Chierakul, D. A. B. Dance, S. Rattanavong, V. Davong, L. Q. Hung, N. V. V. Chau, N. L. N. Tung, A. K. Chan, G. E. Thwaites, D. G. Lalloo, C. Anscombe, L. T. H. Nhat, J. Perfect, G. Dougan, S. Baker, S. Harris, and J. N. Day
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen which primarily affects people with immune defects including those living with HIV. Here, the authors sequence and analyze genomes of 699 isolates, and identify recent population expansion driven by three phylogenetic groups.
Published: 2019
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13. An open label randomized controlled trial of tamoxifen combined with amphotericin B and fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis

Author: Nguyen Thi Thuy Ngan, Nhat Thanh Hoang Le, Nguyen Ngo Vi Vi, Ninh Thi Thanh Van, Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai, Duong Van Anh, Phan Hai Trieu, Nguyen Phu Huong Lan, Nguyen Hoan Phu, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, David G Lalloo, William Hope, Justin Beardsley, Nicholas J White, Ronald Geskus, Guy E Thwaites, Damian Krysan, Luong Thi Hue Tai, Evelyne Kestelyn, Tran Quang Binh, Le Quoc Hung, Nguyen Le Nhu Tung, and Jeremy N Day
Subjects: cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus gattii, HIV, randomised controlled trial, cryptococcal meningitis, Viet Nam, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Background: Cryptococcal meningitis has high mortality. Flucytosine is a key treatment but is expensive and rarely available. The anticancer agent tamoxifen has synergistic anti-cryptococcal activity with amphotericin in vitro. It is off-patent, cheap, and widely available. We performed a trial to determine its therapeutic potential. Methods: Open label randomized controlled trial. Participants received standard care – amphotericin combined with fluconazole for the first 2 weeks – or standard care plus tamoxifen 300 mg/day. The primary end point was Early Fungicidal Activity (EFA) – the rate of yeast clearance from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03112031. Results: Fifty patients were enrolled (median age 34 years, 35 male). Tamoxifen had no effect on EFA (−0.48log10 colony-forming units/mL/CSF control arm versus −0.49 tamoxifen arm, difference −0.005log10CFU/ml/day, 95% CI: −0.16, 0.15, p=0.95). Tamoxifen caused QTc prolongation. Conclusions: High-dose tamoxifen does not increase the clearance rate of Cryptococcus from CSF. Novel, affordable therapies are needed. Funding: The trial was funded through the Wellcome Trust Asia Programme Vietnam Core Grant 106680 and a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship to JND grant number WT097147MA.
Published: 2021
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14. Practical Challenges of Implementing Accessibility Laws and Standards in the Self-service Environment.

Author: Elina Jokisuu, Philip N. Day, and Charlie Rohan
Published: 2018
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15. Accessible Touch: Evaluating Touchscreen PIN Entry Concepts with Visually Impaired People Using Tactile or Haptic Cues.

Author: Philip N. Day, Elina Jokisuu, and Andrew W. D. Smith
Published: 2018
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16. Higher dose corticosteroids in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 who are hypoxic but not requiring ventilatory support (RECOVERY)

Author: Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Joshua Abbas, Kasim Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Alison Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ammar Abdelaziz, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, Audrey Abdul, Basir Abdul, Siddiqui Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Abdullah Abdullah, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Abeer Ul Amna, Lynn Abel, Katrina Abernethy, Movin Abeywickrema, Chandra Abhinaya, Affyarsyah Abidin, Adebanke Aboaba, Abigail Aboagye-Odei, Christopher Aboah, Heba Aboelela, Hani Abo-Leyah, Karim Abouelela, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Ahmed Abousamra, Mona Abouzaid, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Rebecca Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yousuf Abusamra, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Faustina Acheampong, Prince Acheampong, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Shiella Achieng, Andres Acosta, Rebecca Acquah, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Paul Adair, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Marta Adamczyk, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Daniel Adams, Kate Adams, Laura Adams, Nikkita Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Laura Adamu-Ikeme, Krishma Adatia, Kirsty Adcock, Lawrence Addai-Boampong, Afua Addo, Oluwatobi Adeagbo, Ade Adebiyi, Ogunlana Adedeji, Yewande Adegeye, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Sherna Adenwalla, Femi W Adeoye, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Adedamola Adeyanju, Joyce Adeyemi, Tenifayo Adeyemo, Binay Adhikari, Shanti A Adhikari, Rina Adhikary, Adhikarla Aditya, Patience Adjepong, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, Marguerite Adriaanse, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Patricia Afrim, Felicia Akua Afriyie, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Laura Aguilar Jimenez, Jacqueline Afrakomah Agyekum, Kwame Agyen, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Afshan Ahmed, Ashar Ahmed, Asim Ahmed, Basheer A R Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Hanad Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Khalil Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rawya Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sana G Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed H Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Bilal Ahmed Mohamud, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Augustine Ahonia, Christine Aiken, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Bolutito Akinbiyi, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Mohammad Akram, Olugbenro Aktinade, Uzayr Akudi, Ahmad S A R Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Adegoke Alabi, Narendra Aladangady, Mohamed Alafifi, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Paul Albert, Albertus Albertus, Lorraine Albon, Angela Alcala, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Abdullah Aldesouki, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ram Maya Ale, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, Courtney Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Julyan Al-fori, Laith Alghazawi, Osama Alhabsha, Bahij Al-Hakim, Rafil Alhameed, Mohammed Al-Hayali, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Amanda Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohamed Ali, Mohammad Ali, Muhammad S Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Ramla Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Emilio Aliberti, Jade Alin, Abid Alina, Analyn Alipustain, Bachti Alisjahbana, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizadeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Abdullah Alkhudhayri, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Fiona Allan, Nataliya Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Eireann Allen, Jade Allen, Kerry Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, 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Czekaj, Patrycja Czylok, Shane D'Souza, Joana da Rocha, Mohammed Dafalla, Andrew Dagens, Helen Daggett, Jacqui Daglish, Sandeep Dahiya, Anne Dale, Katie Dale, Michaela Dale, Sam Dale, Susan Dale, Jolyon Dales, Umberto D'Alessandro, Helen Dalgleish, Helen Dallow, Carlo D'aloia, Dermot Dalton, Morag Dalton, Zoe Daly, Mansi Damani, Eleanor Damm, Akila Danga, Joanne Dangerfield, Amelia Daniel, Priya Daniel, Allison Daniels, Adela Dann, Kwaku Gyasi Danso, Sandra Danso-Bamfo, Quang Tung Dao, Suzanne Darby, Alex Darbyshire, Janet Darbyshire, Paul Dargan, Paul Dark, Kate Darlington, Sarah Darnell, Thomas Darton, Guledew Darylile, Avisnata Das, Manjusha Das, Sukamal Das, Martin Daschel, Joanne Dasgin, Dibyendu Datta, Anna Daunt, Vaishali Dave, Emily Davenport, Mark Davey, Miriam Davey, Molly Davey, Mini David, Alexander Davidson, Laura Davidson, Neil Davidson, Richard Davidson, Albert Davies, Alison Davies, Amanda Davies, Amy Davies, Angela Davies, Bethan Davies, Caroline Davies, Carolyn 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Souza, Anthony De Soyza, Natasha de Vere, Johannes de Vos, Bethan Deacon, Sharon Dealing, Anna Dean, Julie Dean, Katrina Dean, Stephen Dean, Tessa Dean, Jill Deane, James Dear, Effie Dearden, Catherine Deas, Samuel Debbie, Gabor Debreceni, Vashist Deelchand, Matthew Deeley, Joanne Deery, Emmanuel Defever, Manuela Del Forno, Arnold Dela Rosa, Gonzalo De-La-Cedra, Amanda Dell, Carrie Demetriou, David DeMets, Jane Democratis, Jacqueline Denham, Emmanuelle Denis, Laura Denley, Craig Denmade, Alexandra Dent, Kathy Dent, Martin Dent, Elise Denton, Tom Denwood, Nishigandh Deole, Darshita Depala, Maria Depante, Susan Dermody, Amisha Desai, Asmita Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Sirjana Devkota, Usha Devkota, Debbie Devonport, Matthew Devonport, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Kevin Dhaliwal, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Ankush Dhariwal, Dawpadee Dharmasena, Devesh Dhasmana, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Syra Dhillon, Meghnath Dhimal, Dipali Dhiru, Trupti Dhorajiwala, Priya Dias, Stephanie Diaz, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Mohammed Dibas, Debbie Dickerson, Pamela Dicks, Matt Dickson, Stuart Dickson, J Digby, Ronneil Digpal, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, Paul Dimitri, Georgios Dimitriadis, Sajeel Din, Thai H Dinh, Thi T T Dinh, Alex Dipper, Sabiq Dipro, Laura Dirmantaite, Lorelle Dismore, Lisa Ditchfield, Sarah Diver, Lavanya Diwakar, Preeti Diwan, Caroline Dixon, Giles Dixon, Kate Dixon, Brice Djeugam, Sipho Dlamini, Petr Dlouhy, Andrea D'Mello, Paul Dmitri, Thi Tien Do, Laurence Dobbie, Marinela Dobranszky Oroian, Charlotte Dobson, Lee Dobson, Marie Docherty, David Dockrell, Jacqueline Dodd, James Dodd, Jackie Dodds, Rebecca Dodds, Steve Dodds, Richi Dogra, Conor Doherty, Erin Doherty, Warren Doherty, Yumiko Doi, Iain Doig, Eleanor Doke, Daniel Dolan, Mark Dolman, Rozzie Dolman, Lisa Donald, Katie Donald, Callum Donaldson, Christopher Donaldson, Denise Donaldson, Gillian Donaldson, Kate Donaldson, Phu Khiem Dong, Martha Donkor, Sinead Donlon, Joanne Donnachie, Eilish Donnelly, Ronan Donnelly, Phil Donnison, Aravindhan Donohoe, Gemma Donohoe, Bryan Donohue, Emma Dooks, Reece J Doonan, Rogier Van Doorn, Grainne Doran, Rachael Dore, Kane Dorey, Sharon Dorgan, Kataryna Dos Santos, Moonira Dosani, Davinder Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Isabelle Doss, Theonymfi Doudouliaki, Andrew Dougherty, Jill Doughty, Katie Douglas, Jonathan Douse, Allyn Dow, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Sud Dowling, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Robert Downey, Caroline Downing, Louise Downs, Simon Dowson, Cornel Dragan, Cristina Dragos, Maire Drain, Chelsea Drake, Victoria Drew, Olivia Drewett, Anthony Drexel, Celine Driscoll, Helena Drogan, Odysseas Drosos, Graham Drummond, Katie Drury, Kay Druryk, Ronald Druyeh, Jack Dryburgh-Jones, Simon Drysdale, An Du Thinh, Hazel Dube, Judith Dube, Stephen Duberley, Paige K Duckenfield, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Nicola Duff, Emma Duffield, Heather Duffy, Helen Duffy, Katharine Duffy, Lionel Dufour, Annette Duggan, Parveen Dugh, Rauand Duhoky, Janice Duignan, Jennifer Dulay, Simon Dummer, Alexis Duncan, Andrew Duncan, Christopher Duncan, Fullerton Duncan, Gregory Duncan, Holly Duncan, Robert Duncan, Stephanie Dundas, Do Van Dung, Aileen Dunleavy, Julia Dunleavy, Alessia Dunn, Charlotte Dunn, Damian Dunn, Laura Dunn, Paul Dunn, Charlene Dunne, Karen Dunne, Fiona Dunning, Aidan Dunphy, Tran Thi Hai Duong, Venkat Duraiswamy, Beatriz Duran, Ingrid DuRand, Leanne Durdle, Natalie Duric, Alison Durie, Emily Durie, Samuel Durogbola, Chris Durojaiye, Laura Durrans, Katie Durrant, Hannah Durrington, Iheukwumere Duru, Haris Duvnjak, Akshay Dwarakanath, Laasya Dwarakanath, Dennis Dwomoh Nkrumah, Ellen Dwyer, Zara Dyar, Claudia Dyball, Kristyn Dyer, Harvey Dymond, Tom Dymond, Chris Eades, Lauren Eadie, Rebekah Eadie, Laura Eagles, Beena Eapen, Naomi Earl, Joanne Early, Melissa Earwaker, Nicholas Easom, Clare East, Amy Easthope, Fraser Easton, Jack Easton, Patrick Easton, Ruth Eatough, Oluwadamilola Ebigbola, Martin Ebon, Alison Eccles, Sinan Eccles, Chloe Eddings, Michael Eddleston, Maureen Edgar, Katharine Edgerley, Nicholas Edmond, Mary Edmondson, Tracy Edmunds, Abby Edwards, Alexandra Edwards, Catherine Edwards, Joy Edwards, Kennedy Edwards, Mandy Edwards, Martin Edwards, Sophie Edwards, Jenny Eedle, Aline Eggink, Dawn Egginton, Sam Eggleston, Loveth Ehiorobo, Sarah Eisen, Ugochukwu Ekeowa, Mohamed Ekoi, Ayomide Ekunola, Soha El Behery, Nagla Elashhar, Lisa Elawamy, Mohamed Elbeshy, Kate El-Bouzidi, Jennifer Elder, Mohammed El-Din, Emma Eldridge, Diana Eleanor, Uchenna Elenwa, Ibrahim Eletu, Eman Elfar, Mayy Magdy Elgamal, Amr Elgohary, Mohamed A A Elhadi, Stellios Elia, Jennifer Elias, Tania Elias, Nadia Elkaram, Andrew V Elkins, Julie Ellam, Nikki Ellard, Laura N Ellerton, Lucy Elliot, Amy Elliott, Fiona Elliott, Kerry Elliott, Scott Elliott, Sian Elliott, Annie Ellis, Christine Ellis, Kaytie Ellis, Leila Ellis, Rupert Ellis, Tak-Yan Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Alison C Ellwood, Rahma Elmahdi, Einas Elmahi, Hannah-May Elmasry, Mohammed El-Naggar, Najla Elndari, Omer Elneima, Mohamed Elokl, Ahmed Elradi, Mohamed Elsaadany, Mohammed A S A Elsayed, Sally El-Sayeh, Hana El-Sbahi, Mohammad Elsebaei, Tarek Elsefi, Karim El-Shakankery, Alguili Elsheikh, Hosni El-Taweel, Sarah Elyoussfi, Jonathan Emberey, Jonathan R Emberson, John Emberton, Anna Emery, Julian Emmanuel, Ingrid Emmerson, Michael Emms, Florence Emond, Marieke Emonts, Nicu Enachi, Dickson Enenche, Angila Engden, Katy English, Emma Entwistle, Hene Enyi, Marios Erotocritou, Peter Eskander, Hanif Esmail, Fatheha Essa, Brynach Evans, Chris Evans, Debra Evans, E Evans, Emrys Evans, Gail Evans, Gareth Evans, Isabel Evans, Jack Evans, Jacqueline Evans, Jennifer Evans, John Evans, Jolanta Evans, Lisa Evans, Lynn Evans, Mim Evans, Morgan Evans, Ranoromanana Evans, Sharon Evans, Sian Evans, Teriann Evans, Tomos Evans, Caroline Everden, Serenydd Everden, Lynette Every, Hayley Evison, Lynsey Evison, Chiamaka Ezenduka, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Ian Fairbairn, Sara Fairbairn, Terry Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Mark Fairweather, Anne Fajardo, Naomi Falcone, Euan Falconer, John Fallon, Andrea Fallow, David Faluyi, Victoria Fancois, Ayaan Farah, Muna Farah, Qayyum Farah, Nowin Z Fard, Leila Fares, Amr Farg, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Holly Farr, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, Fayed Farrukh, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Suman Fathima, Nibah Fatimah, Maria Faulkner, Saul N Faust, Clair Favager, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Abul Fazal, Aisthath Fazleen, Simon Fearby, Connie Fearnley, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Daria Fedorova, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongo, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Ruth Fennelly, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Gloria Ferenando, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Maria Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Jaime Fernandez Roman, Callum J Fernando, Jessica Fernando, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari, Eleanor Ferrelly, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Sheldon Ferron, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Rebecca Field, Karen Fielder, Lindsey Fieldhouse, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Santos Filipa, Sarah A Filson, Shona Finan, Sarah Finbow, Deborah J Finch, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Simon Finch, Spencer Finch, Natalie Fineman, Jim Finlayson, Lauren Finlayson, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Dylan Finnerty, Clare Finney, Deborah Finucane, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, Promise Firi, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Carolyn Fitton, Felicity Fitzgerald, Fiona Fitzgerald, Karen Fitzjohn, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Nikolaos Flaris, Gail Fleming, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Anna Fletcher, Jonathan Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Simon Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Fiona Flett, Karen Flewitt, Sarah Flockhart, Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Jonathan Flor, Vincent Florence, Mary Flowerdew, Sharon Floyd, Margaret J Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Tracey Fong, Daniela M Font, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Helen R Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Amber Ford, Jamie Ford, Imogen Fordham, Jennifer Foreman, Matthew Forester, Mohammad Forkan, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Abigail Forsyth, Julian Forton, Conrad Foster, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Natasha Fowkes, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Amy Fox, Claire Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Laura Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Eva Fraile, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Helen Frankland, Jessica Franklin, Siobhan Franklin, Catherine Fraser, Andi Fratila, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Anna Freeman, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Eleanor French, Thomas French, Karen Freshwater, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Adam Frosh, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Oliver Froud, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Andrzej Frygier, Bridget Fuller, Liz Fuller, Lucy Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Carrie Fung, Gayle Fung, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Andrew Fyfe, Nytianandan G, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Zoë Gabriel, Hadiza Gachi, Sophie Gaffarena, Sarah Gage, Joshua Gahir, Sarveen Gajebasia, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Babita Gajmer, Zacharoula Galani, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Linda Gale, Rebecca Gale, Swetha Gali, Bernadette Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, Rosie Gallagher, William Gallagher, Feroze Gallam, Joanne Galliford, Catherine Galloway, Chris Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Anna Galvin, Victoria Galvis, Gareth Gamble, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Chien N Gan, Muhammad B Ganaie, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Thenugan Ganeshanathan, Saibal Ganguly, Abrar Gani, Pauline Ganley, Ukraina Garcia, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Louis Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Isha Garg, Nathan Garlick, Daniel Garner, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Rosaline Garr, Kathryn A Garrero, Manisha Gartaula, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Sophie Gayle, Catherine Geddie, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Fartuun Geele, Kalaichelvi Geerthan, Minnie Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Neal Gent, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Aparna George, Bini George, Sam George, Susan George, Tina George, Valerie P George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Siobhan Gettings, Hisham Ghanayem, Bijan Ghavami Kia, Shaista Ghazal, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Dipansu Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Subhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Chris Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Jamie Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Mary Gigi, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Benjamin Giles, James Gilham, Mandy Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Lesley Gilmour, Louis Ginn, Franciscus Ginting, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Barbie Giri, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Eleanor Glenday, Ana Glennon, Jodie Glossop, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Michelle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Deborah Glowski, Sharon Glynn, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Sarah Godlee, Emma Godson, Gillian Godwin, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Manjinder Gohel, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel Gomez-Marcos, Ali Gondal, Celia Gonzalez, Jack Goodall, Vicky Goodall, Bob Goodenough, Anna Goodfellow, Laura Goodfellow, James Goodlife, Camelia Goodwin, Elizabeth Goodwin, Jayne Goodwin, Paula Goodyear, Rajiv Gooentilleke, Michelle Goonasekara, Sheila Gooseman, Shameer Gopal, Chris Gordon, Sally Gordon, Robin Gore, Hugh Gorick, Caitlin Gorman, Claire Gorman, Stuart Gormely, Maria Gorniok, Diana Gorog, Michelle Gorst, Thomas Gorsuch, Jayshreebahen Gosai, Rebecca Gosling, Sally Gosling, Georgina Gosney, Vanessa Goss, Dzintars Gotham, Naomi Gott, Elizabeth Goudie, Nicole Gould, Susan Gould, Charlotte Goumalatsou, Lysander Gourbault, Abha Govind, Rajesh Govindan, Sharon Gowans, Girish Gowda, Rohit Gowda, Hannah Gower, Pankaj Goyal, Sunil Goyal, Sushant Goyal, Cheryl Graham, Clive Graham, Jonathan Graham, Justin Graham, Libby Graham, Rachel Graham, Sharon Graham, Matthew Graham-Brown, Julia Grahamslaw, Gianluca Grana, Tracyanne Grandison, Louis Grandjean, Alison Grant, Ann Grant, David Grant, Kirstie Grant, Matthew Grant, Pauleen Grant, Rhys Gravell, Jenny Graves, Alasdair Gray, Catherine Gray, Georgina Gray, Glaxy Gray, Jackie Gray, Karen Gray, Nicola Gray, Roxanne Gray, Sebastian Gray, Alan Grayson, Fiona Greaves, Paul Greaves, Alastair Green, Amy Green, Amy S Green, Charlotte Green, Christopher A Green, David Green, Frederick Green, Joel Green, Marie Green, Nicola Green, Stacey Green, Diarra Greene, Philippa Greenfield, Alan Greenhalgh, Daniel Greenwood, Sandra Greer, James Gregory, Jane Gregory, Katie Gregory, Tamsin Gregory, Jill Greig, Julia Greig, Rebecca Grenfell, Teena Grenier, Jack Grenville, Jo Gresty, Susan Grevatt, Glaxy Grey, Samuel Gribben, Andrew Gribbin, Amy Gribble, Natasha Grieg, Douglas Grieve, Ben Griffin, Denise Griffin, Mel Griffin, Sian Griffith, Andrew Griffiths, Daniel Griffiths, David Griffiths, Donna Griffiths, Isabel Griffiths, Mark Griffiths, Nicola Griffiths, Oliver Griffiths, Sandra Griffiths, Sarah Griffiths, Scott Griffiths, Yvonne Griffiths, Sofia Grigoriadou, Steph Grigsby, Paul Grist, Evelina Grobovaite, Dorothy Grogono, Clarissa Grondin, Rachel Groome, Pauline Grose, Liliana Grosu, Jenny Grounds, Margaret Grout, Helen Grover, Jayne Groves, Neil Grubb, Julie Grundy, Francesca Guarino, Sharada Gudur, Jacinta Guerin, Sharazeq 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Hale, Jennie Hale, Carmel Halevy, Paul Halford, William Halford, Alaina Halim, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Claire Hall, Elizabeth Hall, Fiona Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Laura Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Jackie Halliday, Akmal Hallman, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Ifedadepo A Hamed-Adekale, Bilal Hameed, Mohammed Hameed, Raph L Hamers, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Raymond Hamill, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Gus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Melanie Hamilton, Nicola Hamilton, Sara Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Beatrice Hammans, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Emily Hammond, Leah Hammond, Sally Hammond, Fiona Hammonds, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, James A Hampson, Jude Hampson, Lucy Hampson, Lisa Hamzah, Jenny Han, Ozan Hanci, Sadiyah Hand, Lala Handayani, Jasmine Handford, Soran Handrean, Nina K Handzewniak, Sarah Haney, Vu Thi Kim Hang, Sheharyar Hanif, E Hanison, Esther Hanison, Jennifer Hannah, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Helena Hanratty, Daniel Hansen, Anita Hanson, Ashley Hanson, Helen Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Henry Harcourt, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Marc Hardwick, Gareth Hardy, Joanna Hardy, Yasmine Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, James Hargraves, Carolyn Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Heather Harper, James Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Kate Harrington, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, David Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Olakunbi A Harrison, Rachael Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Jessica Hartley, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Anna Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Zoe Harzeli, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Jack Haslam, Zena Haslam, Grace Hasnip, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Amro Hassan, Awab Hassan, Zeinab Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Sarah Hathaway-Lees, Jonathan Hatton, Jennifer Hau, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Lydia Hawker, Annie Hawkins, Joe Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, W John Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Alasdair W Hay, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Carole Hays, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Hazel Haywood Hasford, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Jessica L Healy, Amy Hearn, David Heasman, Angela Heath, Debbie Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Adam Heavens, Kerry Hebbron, Catherine Heckman, Gemma Hector, Sadie Heddon, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Richard Heinink, Rajdeep Heire, Ingvild Helgesen, Joanne Hemingway, Ulla Hemmila, Beth Hemmings, Scott Hemphill, Deborah Hemsley, Abigail Henderson, Eilidh Henderson, Jennifer Henderson, Steven Henderson, Joanne Henry, Karol Henry, Lavinia Henry, Margo Henry, Natalie Henry, David Henshall, Gillian Herdman, Rosaleen Herdman-Grant, Morag Herkes, Lucas E Hermans, Fe Marie Hernandez, Emma Heron, Lisa Heron, William Herrington, Emilia Heselden, Peta Heslop, Tracey Heslop, Simon Hester, Emily Hetherington, Joseph Hetherington, Chamila Hettiarachchi, Pramodh Hettiarachchi, Hayley Hewer, John Hewertson, 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Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabiel Wallis, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Matthew Wallis, Emma Walmsley, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Livia Walsh, Deborah Walstow, Daniel Walter, Alex Walters, Holt Walters, James Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Lucy Walton, Maisie Walton, Michael Walton, Olivia Walton, Sharon Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Junita Wanda, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Shentong Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Christopher Ward, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Hannah Ward, Janice Ward, Joanna Ward, Luke Ward, Nicola Ward, Rachael Ward, Thomas Ward, Tom Ward, Scott A Warden, Gibril Wardere, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Gareth Waring, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Jade Warren, Lisa Warren, Rebecca Warren, Yolanda Warren, Davina Warrender, Hannah Warren-Miell, Adilia Warris, Gill Warwick, Helen Wassall, Sean Wasserman, Elizabeth Wasson, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Abigail Watkin, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Abigail Watson, Adam J R Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Felicity Watson, J G R Watson, Louisa Watson, Paul Watson, Rebecca Watson, Robert Watson, Kathleen Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Khairiah Wattimena, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Matthew Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Mark Weatherhead, Nick Weatherly, Chloe Webb, Claire Webb, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Kylie Webb, Stephen Webb, Cheryl Websdale, Deborah Webster, Ian Webster, Jemma Webster, Tim Webster, Jordan Wedlin, Ling Wee, Rebecca Weerakoon, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Immo Weichert, Emma Welch, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Benjamin Welham, Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, Richard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Victoria Wenn, Lauren Wentworth, Joan Wesonga, Kate Wesseldine, Joe West, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Kelly Westwood, Sharon Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Andrew White, Ayesha White, Benjamin White, Catherine White, Christopher White, Duncan White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Nikki White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Kelly Whitehorn, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Louiza Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Rachael Whitham, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, Olivia Wickens, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Ashleigh Wignall, Christopher Wignall, Annamaria Wilce, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Ben Wild, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Laura Wilding, Peter Wilding, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Anna Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Eleri Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, Heledd Williams, James Williams, Jennie Williams, Jill Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Mandy Williams, Marie Williams, Mark Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachel Williams, Robin Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Steffan Williams, Tamanna Williams, Tania Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Jodie Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Elaine Willis, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Jayne Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Anna Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, David Wilson, Imogen Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Kristy-Ann Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Stephen Wilson, Toni Wilson, John Wilson, Khin Lei Yee Win, Marlar Win, Than Win, Tin Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Stuart Winearl, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Joseph Winterton, Hannah Winwood, Jack Wischhusen, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Tabitha WIshlade, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Chi-Man Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica S Y Wong, Kit Y Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Ting Wong, Aaron B Wongkyezeng, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Gordon Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Madeleine Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Myles Woodman, Stephen Woodmansey, Charlotte Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Holly Wright, Imogen Wright, Lianne Wright, Rachel Wright, Sarah Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Fitria Wulandari, Retno Wulandari, Subie Wurie, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Bingru E Xia, Zhongyang Xia, Effua Yacoba, Santosh Yadav, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Yuuki Yanagisawa, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Thomas Yates, Mark Yates, Jessica Ye, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Lam Minh Yen, Alastair Yeoh, Chun Yu Yeung, Peter Yew, Durgesh Yewatkar, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Hartantri Yovita, Chrissie Yu, Jack S J Yuan, Nindya Yufaniaputri, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Mahrukh Zainab, Thornton Zak, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Marcelina Zawadzka, Mohammed Zayed, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Darius Zeinali, Jing Zhang, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Eva Zincone, Garikai Zindoga, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Letizia Zitter, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Garazi Zubikarai, Azam Zubir, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, University of St Andrews. Infection and Global Health Division, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, and Group, RECOVERY Collaborative
Subjects: Adult, Male, Hypoxia/etiology, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use, AC, Dexamethasone/therapeutic use, Hospitals, Oxygen, Treatment Outcome, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, MCP, Humans, Female
Abstract: Background Low-dose corticosteroids have been shown to reduce mortality for patients with COVID-19 requiring oxygen or ventilatory support (non-invasive mechanical ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). We evaluated the use of a higher dose of corticosteroids in this patient group. Methods This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Eligible and consenting adult patients with clinical evidence of hypoxia (ie, receiving oxygen or with oxygen saturation Findings Between May 25, 2021, and May 13, 2022, 1272 patients with COVID-19 and hypoxia receiving no oxygen (eight [1%]) or simple oxygen only (1264 [99%]) were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus higher dose corticosteroids (659 patients) versus usual care alone (613 patients, of whom 87% received low-dose corticosteroids during the follow-up period). Of those randomly assigned, 745 (59%) were in Asia, 512 (40%) in the UK, and 15 (1%) in Africa. 248 (19%) had diabetes and 769 (60%) were male. Overall, 123 (19%) of 659 patients allocated to higher dose corticosteroids versus 75 (12%) of 613 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·59 [95% CI 1·20–2·10]; p=0·0012). There was also an excess of pneumonia reported to be due to non-COVID infection (64 cases [10%] vs 37 cases [6%]; absolute difference 3·7% [95% CI 0·7–6·6]) and an increase in hyperglycaemia requiring increased insulin dose (142 [22%] vs 87 [14%]; absolute difference 7·4% [95% CI 3·2–11·5]). Interpretation In patients hospitalised for COVID-19 with clinical hypoxia who required either no oxygen or simple oxygen only, higher dose corticosteroids significantly increased the risk of death compared with usual care, which included low-dose corticosteroids. The RECOVERY trial continues to assess the effects of higher dose corticosteroids in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 who require non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Funding UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council), National Institute of Health and Care Research, and Wellcome Trust.
Published: 2023
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17. Direct visualization by FRET-FLIM of a putative mechanosome complex involving Src, Pyk2 and MBD2 in living MLO-Y4 cells.

Author: Richard N Day, Kathleen H Day, and Fredrick M Pavalko
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Earlier, we proposed the "mechanosome" concept as a testable model for understanding how mechanical stimuli detected by cell surface adhesion molecules are transmitted to modulate gene expression inside cells. Here, for the first time we document a putative mechanosome involving Src, Pyk2 and MBD2 in MLO-Y4 osteocytes with high spatial resolution using FRET-FLIM. Src-Pyk2 complexes were concentrated at the periphery of focal adhesions and the peri-nuclear region. Pyk2-MBD2 complexes were located primarily in the nucleus and peri-nuclear region. Lifetime measurements indicated that Src and MBD2 did not interact directly. Finally, mechanical stimulation by fluid flow induced apparent accumulation of Src-Pyk2 protein complexes in the peri-nuclear/nuclear region, consistent with the proposed behavior of a mechanosome in response to a mechanical stimulus.
Published: 2021
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18. Feasibility of reporting results of large randomised controlled trials to participants: experience from the Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision (FOCUS) trial

Author: Martin Dennis, D Cohen, A Thompson, M Smith, A Naqvi, Graham Ellis, A Khan, L Hunt, X Huang, J Andrews, J Foot, J Smith, S Wong, A Stevens, D Bailey, S Johnston, S Jones, R Robinson, A Johnson, S Williams, T Smith, A Ahmed, S Bloom, L Sekaran, D Singh, F Smith, R Greenwood, A Singh, R Brown, J White, S Smith, S Arif, S Ross, S Trippier, S Levy, B Patel, M Khan, A Thomas, S Brown, V Jones, D Wood, S Maguire, U Khan, P Nair, A Smith, G Hann, R Williams, M Cooper, S Jackson, M Hassan, P Kumar, A Metcalf, R Patel, A Wright, S Khan, A Bell, C Williams, M Robinson, K Jones, S Alam, R Shah, J Simpson, K Ali, K Miller, K Kennedy, S Ahmed, J Francis, L Thomas, M Scott, S Nelson, S Clayton, L Zhang, B Charles, P Lopez, A Fleming, C Lambert, A Shah, J Wong, David Burgess, L Wilson, A Siddiqui, S Kumar, A Hassan, D Cooke, M Williams, P Cooper, S Graham, S Morrison, M Holland, C Green, C Edwards, K Subramanian, K Patel, J Mitchell, J Stewart, S Keenan, C Duggan, S McKenna, R Murphy, M Ward, S Walker, S Lewis, R Jones, L Wright, M Edwards, N Sattar, J Mcgee, R Butler, M Wilkinson, S Das, C Kelly, R Cowan, C Brown, K Moore, L Denny, M Harrison, S Patel, R Rodriguez, J Allen, M Kalita, Gillian Mead, A Bowring, A Edwards, J Scott, J Drew, D Ward, L Dixon, K Burton, E Brown, E Epstein, R Miller, F Reid, A Jones, P Murphy, A Ali, N Ahmad, S Noor, C Leonard, A Nair, M Naeem, M Johnson, E Douglas, J Thompson, R Evans, C Jenkins, J Wilson, R Anderson, H Wilson, H Stone, J Ward, L Greenhalgh, P Walker, A Hill, K Stagg, S Naqvi, R Scott, M Hughes, P Jones, M Simpson, K Elliott, M Davy, S Young, Karen Innes, Pippa Tyrrell, A David, Steff Lewis, A Bwalya, C Buckley, S Kelly, C Thomas, I Kane, M Hussain, S Shah, J Roberts, D Morales, C McInnes, N Khan, N Weir, L Hill, J McLaughlin, K Kavanagh, R Clarke, P Thompson, J Price, J Ball, L Benton, E Walton, E Walker, L Burgess, K McCormick, L Wade, C Anderson, S Stevenson, R Blackburn, L Brown, B Clarke, T Khan, S Dhar, L Harrison, S Bell, D 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Harvey, J Homan, L Foote, L Graham, C Lane, L Kemp, J Rowe, H Durman, L Brotherton, N Hunt, A Whitcher, C Pawley, P Sutton, S Mcdonald, D Pak, A Wiltshire, J Balami, C Self, J Jagger, G Healey, M Crofts, A Chakrabarti, C Hmu, J Keshet-Price, G Ravenhill, C Grimmer, T Soe, I Potter, P Tam, M Langley, M Christie, J Irvine, A Joyson, F Annison, D Christie, C Meneses, V Taylor, J Furnace, H Gow, J Reid, Y Abousleiman, S Goshawk, J Purcell, T Beadling, S Collins, S Sangaralingham, E Munuswamy Vaiyapuri, M Landicho, Y Begum, S Mutton, J Lowe, I Wiggam, S Tauro, S Cuddy, B Wells, A Mohd Nor, N Persad, M Weinling, S Weatherby, D Lashley, A Pace, A Mucha, J Baker, M Marner, J Westcott, N Wilmshurst, D Chadha, M Fairweather, D Walstow, R Fong, M Krishnan, H Thompson Jones, C Lynda, C Clements, T Anjum, S Sharon, D Lynne, S Tucker, D Colwill, E Vasileiadis, A Parry, C Mason, M Holden, K Petrides, T Nishiyama, H Mehta, S Mumani, C Almadenboyle, S Carson, M Stirling, E Tenbruck, D Broughton, A Annamalai, D Tryambake, A Skotnicka, A Sigsworth, S Whitehouse, J Pagan, A Pusalkar, H Beadle, K Chan, P Dangri, A Asokanathan, A Rana, S Gohil, K Crabtree, A Cook, M Massyn, P Aruldoss, S Dabbagh, T Black, C Clarke, R Fennelly, L Nardone, V DiMartino, A Anthony, D Mead, M Tribbeck, B Affley, C Sunderland, E Young, L Goldenberg, P Wilkinson, L Abbott, R Nari, S Lock, A Shakhon, R Pereira, M DSouza, S Dunn, N Cron, A Mckenna, R Sivakumar, S Cook, J Ngeh, R Saksena, J Ketley-O'Donel, R Needle, E Chinery, L Howaniec, C Watchurst, R Erande, M Brezitski, N Passeron, E Elliott, N Oji, D Austin, A Banaras, C Hogan, T Corbett, M Kidd, G Hull, S Punekar, J Nevinson, H Penney, W Wareing, N Hayes, K Bunworth, L Connell, K Mahawish, G Drummond, N Sengupta, M Metiu, C Gonzalez, J Margalef, S Funnell, G Peters, I Chadbourn, H Proeschel, P Ashcroft, S Sharpe, P Cook, D Jenkinson, D Kelly, H Bray, G Gunathilagan, S Tilbey, S Abubakar, A Rajapakse, A Nasar, J Janbieh, L Otter, I Wynter, S Haigh, R Boulton, J Burgoyne, A Boulton, J Vassallo, A Hasan, L Orrell, S Qamar, D Leonard, E Hewitt, M Haque, J Awolesi, E Bradshaw, A Kent, A Hynes, E Nurse, S Raza, U Pallikona, B Edwards, G Morgan, H Tench, R Loosley, K Dennett, T Trugeon-Smith, D Robson, R Rayessa, A Abdul-Hamid, V Lowthorpe, K Mitchelson, E Clarkson, H Rhian, R Kirthivasan, J Topliffe, R Keskeys, F McNeela, E Bohannan, L Cooper, G Zachariah, F Cairns, T James, L Fergey, S Smolen, A Lyle, E Cannon, S Omer, S Mavinamane, S Meenakshisundaram, L Ranga, J Bate, M Hargreaves, S Dealing, S Amlani, G Gulli, M Hawkes-Blackburn, L Francis, S Holland, A Peacocke, J Amero, M Burova, O Speirs, S Brotheridge, S Al Hussayni, H Lyon, C Hare, J Featherstone, M Goorah, J Walford, D Rusk, D Sutton, F Patel, S Duberley, K Hayes, E Ahmed El Nour, S Dyer, E Temlett, J Paterson, S Honour, C Box, R Furness, E Orugun, H Crowther, R Glover, C Brewer, S Thornthwaite, M Sein, K Haque, L Bailey, E Gibson, L Brookes, K Rotchell, K Waltho, C Lindley, P Harlekar, C Culmsee, L Booth, J Ritchie, N Mackenzie, J Barker, M Haley, D Cotterill, L Lane, D Simmons, R Warinton, G Saunders, H Dymond, S Kidd, C Little, Y Neves-Silva, B Nevajda, M Villaruel, U Umasankar, A Man, N Gadi, N Christmas, R Ladner, R Rangasamy, G Butt, W Alvares, M Power, S Hagan, K Dynan, D Wilson, S Crothers, B Wroath, G Douris, D Vahidassr, B Gallen, C McGoldrick, M Bhattad, J Putteril, R Gallifent, E Makanju, M Lepore, C McRedmond, L Arundell, A Goulding, K Kawafi, P Jacob, L Turner, N Saravanan, L Johnson, D Morse, R Namushi, S Humphrey, M Salehin, S Tinsley, T Jones, L Garcia-Alen, L Kalathil, N Gautam, J Horton, J Meir, E Margerum, A Ritchings, K Amor, V Nadarajan, J Laurence, S Fung Lo, S Melander, P Nicholas, E Woodford, G McKenzie, V Le, J Crause, P OMahony, C Orefo, C McDonald, E Osikominu, G Appiatse, A Wardale, M Augustin, R Luder, M Bhargava, G Bhome, V Johnson, D Chesser, H Bridger, E Murali, A Burns, J Graham, M Duffy, E Pitcher, J Gaylard, J Newman, S Punnoose, S Oakley, V Murray, C Bent, R Walker, K Purohit, A Rees, S Besley, O Chohan, L Argandona, L Cuenoud, H Hassan, E Erumere, A OCallaghan, O Redjep, G Auld, P Gompertz, A Song, R Hungwe, H Kabash, T Tarkas, G Livingstone, F Butler, S Bradfield, L Gordon, J Schmit, A Wijewardane, C Medcalf, T Edmunds, R Wills, and C Peixoto
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Objectives Informing research participants of the results of studies in which they took part is viewed as an ethical imperative. However, there is little guidance in the literature about how to do this. The Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision trial randomised 3127 patients with a recent acute stroke to 6 months of fluoxetine or placebo and was published in the Lancet on 5 December 2018. The trial team decided to inform the participants of the results at exactly the same time as the Lancet publication, and also whether they had been allocated fluoxetine or placebo. In this report, we describe how we informed participants of the results.Design In the 6-month and 12-month follow-up questionnaires, we invited participants to provide an email address if they wished to be informed of the results of the trial. We re-opened our trial telephone helpline between 5 December 2018 and 31 March 2019.Setting UK stroke services.Participants 3127 participants were randomised. 2847 returned 6-month follow-up forms and 2703 returned 12-month follow-up forms; the remaining participants had died (380), withdrawn consent or did not respond.Results Of those returning follow-up questionnaires, a total of 1845 email addresses were provided and a further 50 people requested results to be sent by post. Results were sent to all email and postal addresses provided; 309 emails were returned unrecognised. Seventeen people replied, of whom three called the helpline and the rest responded by email.Conclusion It is feasible to disseminate results of large trials to research participants, though only around 60% of those randomised wanted to receive the results. The system we developed was efficient and required very little resource, and could be replicated by trialists in the future.Trial registration number ISRCTN83290762; Post-results.
Published: 2020
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19. The direct-medical costs associated with interferon-based treatment for Hepatitis C in Vietnam [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Author: Huyen Anh Nguyen, Graham S. Cooke, Jeremy N. Day, Barnaby Flower, Le Thanh Phuong, Trinh Manh Hung, Nguyen Thanh Dung, Dao Bach Khoa, Le Manh Hung, Evelyne Kestelyn, Guy E. Thwaites, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, SEARCH Investigators, and Hugo C. Turner
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Background: Injectable interferon-based therapies have been used to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection since 1991. International guidelines have now moved away from interferon-based therapy towards direct-acting antiviral (DAA) tablet regimens, because of their superior efficacy, excellent side-effect profiles, and ease of administration. Initially DAA drugs were prohibitively expensive for most healthcare systems. Access is now improving through the procurement of low-cost, generic DAAs acquired through voluntary licenses. However, HCV treatment costs vary widely, and many countries are struggling with DAA treatment scale-up. This is not helped by the limited cost data and economic evaluations from low- and middle-income countries to support HCV policy decisions. We conducted a detailed analysis of the costs of treating chronic HCV infection with interferon-based therapy in Vietnam. Understanding these costs is important for performing necessary economic evaluations of novel treatment strategies. Methods: We conducted an analysis of the direct medical costs of treating HCV infection with interferon alpha (IFN) and pegylated-interferon alpha (Peg-IFN), in combination with ribavirin, from the health sector perspective at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in 2017. Results: The total cost of the IFN treatment regimen was estimated to range between US$1,120 and US$1,962. The total cost of the Peg-IFN treatment regimen was between US$2,156 and US$5,887. Drug expenses were the biggest contributor to the total treatment cost (54-89%) and were much higher for the Peg-IFN regimen. Conclusions: We found that treating HCV with IFN or Peg-IFN resulted in significant direct medical costs. Of concern, we found that all patients incurred substantial out-of-pocket costs, including those receiving the maximum level of support from the national health insurance programme. This cost data highlights the potential savings and importance of increased access to generic DAAs in low- and middle-income countries and will be useful within future economic evaluations.
Published: 2020
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20. A multi centre randomized open label trial of chloroquine for the treatment of adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vietnam [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Author: Evelyne Kestelyn, Nguyen Thi Phuong Dung, Yen Lam Minh, Le Manh Hung, Nguyen Minh Quan, Nguyen Thanh Dung, Ngo Ngoc Quang Minh, Tran Chanh Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Van Ninh Thi Thanh, Joseph Donovan, Tran Nguyen Hoang Tu, Le Thanh Hoang Nhat, Nguyen Thanh Truong, Dinh Nguyen Huy Man, Huynh Phuong Thao, Nghiêm My Ngoc, Vo Thanh Lam, Huynh Hong Phat, Phan Minh Phuong, Ronald B. Geskus, Vo Thi Nhi Ha, Nguyen Ngo Quang, Hien Tran Tinh, Le Van Tan, Guy E. Thwaites, Jeremy N. Day, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, and OUCRU COVID-19 Research Group
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. There is currently no vaccine to prevent COVID-19 or therapeutic agent to treat COVID-19. This clinical trial is designed to evaluate chloroquine as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of hospitalised people with COVID-19. We hypothesise that chloroquine slows viral replication in patients with COVID-19, attenuating the infection, and resulting in more rapid decline of viral load in throat/nose swabs. This viral attenuation should be associated with improved patient outcomes. Method: The study will start with a 10-patient prospective observational pilot study following the same entry and exclusion criteria as for the randomized trial and undergoing the same procedures. The main study is an open label, randomised, controlled trial with two parallel arms of standard of care (control arm) versus standard of care with 10 days of chloroquine (intervention arm) with a loading dose over the first 24 hours, followed by 300mg base orally once daily for nine days. The study will recruit patients in three sites in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, the Cu Chi Field Hospital, and the Can Gio COVID hospital. The primary endpoint is the time to viral clearance from throat/nose swab, defined as the time following randomization until the midpoint between the last positive and the first of the negative throat/nose swabs. Viral presence will be determined using RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Discussion: The results of the study will add to the evidence-based guidelines for management of COVID-19. Given the enormous experience of its use in malaria chemoprophylaxis, excellent safety and tolerability profile, and its very low cost, if proved effective then chloroquine would be a readily deployable and affordable treatment for patients with COVID-19. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04328493 31/03/2020
Published: 2020
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21. Small bowel obstruction caused by a fibrotic bow-string appendix: a consequence of non-operative management of acute appendicitis

Author: J Banks, P Shuttleworth, N Day, and R Guy
Subjects: Acute Disease, Humans, COVID-19, Appendectomy, Surgery, Female, General Medicine, Appendix, Appendicitis, Pandemics, Intestinal Obstruction, Aged
Abstract: A 73-year-old woman presented with small bowel obstruction that failed to settle with conservative management. Over the previous 2 years she had presented twice with computed tomography scan-proven acute appendicitis with localised perforation of the appendix tip. In view of medical comorbidities, she was treated non-operatively with clinical and radiological resolution on each occasion, but on the third presentation laparoscopy was undertaken for non-resolving small bowel obstruction and the non-inflamed appendix itself was identified as a fibrous band causing compression of the distal ileum and complete small bowel obstruction. Following division and appendicectomy, the patient made an uneventful recovery. This case illustrates the potential consequence of repeated appendiceal inflammation and non-operative management and may be seen increasingly as this approach is widely adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Published: 2023

22. Clinical features of three patients with paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Talaromyces marneffei infection

Author: Nguyen Tat Thanh, Le Duc Vinh, Nguyen Thanh Liem, Cecilia Shikuma, Jeremy N. Day, Guy Thwaites, and Thuy Le
Subjects: Talaromycosis, Penicilliosis, Talaromyces marneffei, Penicillium marneffei, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, HIV, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Talaromyces marneffei infection is a major cause of death in HIV-infected individuals in South and Southeast Asia. Talaromycosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome has not been well described. Here we report the clinical features, management, and outcomes of three HIV-infected patients with talaromycosis-associated paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Published: 2018
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23. Impact of Hospital Volume on Outcomes of Septal Myectomy for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Author: Kimberly A. Holst, Hartzell V. Schaff, Nicholas G. Smedira, Elizabeth B. Habermann, Courtney N. Day, Vinay Badhwar, Hiroo Takayama, Patrick M. McCarthy, and Joseph A. Dearani
Subjects: Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Treatment Outcome, Heart Block, Heart Septum, Humans, Surgery, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospitals, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is common among symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, yet septal reduction by surgical myectomy (septal myectomy [SM]) is performed infrequently in many centers. This study examined the possible relationship between institutional case volume and early outcomes of SM.The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database was queried for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who underwent SM from January 2012 to December 2019. The study defined center case volume categories as1, 1 to 4.99, 5 to 9.99, and ≥10 cases performed on average per year.The study population included 5935 patients at 481 centers with 933 surgeons. The range of average center volume was1 to 138 cases per year. Overall early mortality was 2.6%, ventricular septal defect (VSD) occurred in 1.9%, and complete heart block occurred in 9.0%. Concomitant mitral valve (MV) repair was performed in 28.7%, and MV replacement was performed in 17.1%. In multivariable analysis, the lowest annual case volume (average1 case/y) was consistently associated with greater early mortality (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; CI, 3.0-9.9; P.001), greater risk of VSD (OR, 9.3; CI ,4.2-20.4; P.001), increased incidence of complete heart block (OR, 2.0; CI, 1.5-2.7; P.001), and a higher likelihood of MV replacement (OR, 9.4; CI, 7.5-11.8; P.001).Volume of SM cases varies widely among institutions reporting to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. There appears to be an important association between surgical experience, as reflected by institutional case volume, and early outcomes, including mortality, as well as the occurrence of VSD, heart block, and MV replacement.
Published: 2022
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24. The direct-medical costs associated with interferon-based treatment for Hepatitis C in Vietnam [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Author: Huyen Anh Nguyen, Graham S. Cooke, Jeremy N. Day, Barnaby Flower, Le Thanh Phuong, Trinh Manh Hung, Nguyen Thanh Dung, Dao Bach Khoa, Le Manh Hung, Evelyne Kestelyn, Guy E. Thwaites, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, SEARCH Investigators, and Hugo C. Turner
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Background: Injectable interferon-based therapies have been used to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection since 1991. International guidelines have now moved away from interferon-based therapy towards direct-acting antiviral (DAA) tablet regimens, because of their superior efficacy, excellent side-effect profiles, and ease of administration. Initially DAA drugs were prohibitively expensive for most healthcare systems. Access is now improving through the procurement of low-cost, generic DAAs acquired through voluntary licenses. However, HCV treatment costs vary widely, and many countries are struggling with DAA treatment scale-up. This is not helped by the limited cost data and economic evaluations from low- and middle-income countries to support HCV policy decisions. We conducted a detailed analysis of the costs of treating chronic HCV infection with interferon-based therapy in Vietnam. Understanding these costs is important for performing necessary economic evaluations of novel treatment strategies. Methods: We conducted an analysis of the direct medical costs of treating HCV infection with interferon alpha (IFN) and pegylated-interferon alpha (Peg-IFN), in combination with ribavirin, from the health sector perspective at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in 2017. Results: The total cost of the IFN treatment regimen was estimated to range between US$1,120 and US$1,962. The total cost of the Peg-IFN treatment regimen was between US$2,156 and US$5,887. Drug expenses were the biggest contributor to the total treatment cost (54-89%) and were much higher for the Peg-IFN regimen. Conclusions: We found that treating HCV with IFN or Peg-IFN resulted in significant direct medical costs. Of concern, we found that all patients incurred substantial out-of-pocket costs, including those receiving the maximum level of support from the national health insurance programme. This cost data highlights the potential savings and importance of increased access to generic DAAs in low- and middle-income countries and will be useful within future economic evaluations.
Published: 2019
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25. Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis: How Have We Got Here and Where are We Going?

Author: Nguyen Thi Thuy Ngan, Barnaby Flower, and Jeremy N. Day
Subjects: Adult, Tamoxifen, Antifungal Agents, Amphotericin B, Sertraline, Flucytosine, Humans, HIV Infections, Pharmacology (medical), Meningitis, Cryptococcal, Fluconazole, Glucocorticoids
Abstract: Cryptococcal meningitis is a devastating brain infection cause by encapsulated yeasts of the Cryptococcus genus. Exposure, through inhalation, is likely universal by adulthood, but symptomatic infection only occurs in a minority, in most cases, months or years after exposure. Disease has been described in almost all tissues, but it is the organism's tropism for the central nervous system that results in the most devastating illness. While invasive disease can occur in the immunocompetent, the greatest burden by far is in immunocompromised individuals, particularly people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), organ transplant recipients and those on glucocorticoid therapy or other immunosuppressive drugs. Clinical presentation is variable, but diagnosis is usually straightforward, with cerebrospinal fluid microscopy, culture, and antigen testing proving significantly more sensitive than diagnostic tests for other brain infections. Although disease incidence has reduced since the advent of effective HIV therapy, mortality when disease occurs remains extremely high, and has changed little in recent decades. This Therapy in Practice review is an update of a talk first given by JND at the European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in 2019 in the Netherlands. The review contextualizes the most recently published World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in terms of the data from large, randomized, controlled trials published between 1997 and 2022. We discuss the rationale for induction and maintenance therapy and the efficacy and undesirable effects of the current therapeutic armamentarium of amphotericin, flucytosine and fluconazole. We address recent research into repurposed drugs such as sertraline and tamoxifen, and potential future treatment options, including the novel antifungals fosmanogepix, efungumab and oteseconazole, and non-pharmaceutical solutions such as neurapheresis cerebrospinal fluid filtration.
Published: 2022
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26. Nodal Pathologic Complete Response Rates in Luminal Breast Cancer Vary by Genomic Risk

Author: Judy C. Boughey, Tanya L. Hoskin, Courtney N. Day, and Matthew P. Goetz
Subjects: Oncology, Surgery
Published: 2022
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27. Node Positivity Among Sonographically Suspicious but FNA-Negative Axillary Nodes

Author: Thomas Robbins, Tanya L. Hoskin, Courtney N. Day, Mary M. Mrdutt, Tina J. Hieken, James W. Jakub, Katrina Glazebrook, Judy C. Boughey, and Amy C. Degnim
Subjects: Oncology, Surgery
Published: 2022
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28. Overuse of Axillary Surgery in Patients with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Opportunity for De-escalation

Author: Mara A. Piltin, Tanya L. Hoskin, Courtney N. Day, Elizabeth B. Habermann, and Judy C. Boughey
Subjects: Oncology, Surgery
Published: 2022
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29. Contemporary Axillary Management in cT1–2N0 Breast Cancer with One or Two Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes: Factors Associated with Completion Axillary Lymph Node Dissection Within the National Cancer Database

Author: Arielle P. Stafford, Tanya L. Hoskin, Courtney N. Day, Stacy B. Sanders, and Judy C. Boughey
Subjects: Oncology, Surgery
Published: 2022
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30. Sexual Well-Being After Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Does Preservation of the Nipple Matter?

Author: Jennifer M. Racz, Christin A. Harless, Tanya L. Hoskin, Courtney N. Day, Minh-Doan T. Nguyen, Ann M. Harris, Judy C. Boughey, Tina J. Hieken, and Amy C. Degnim
Subjects: Oncology, Surgery
Published: 2022
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31. THE DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL OF MATURE OOCYTES DERIVED FROM RESCUE IN VITRO MATURATION (IVM)

Author: Adi Kuperman Shani, Lilach Marom Haham, Hanna Balakier, Iryna Kuznyetsova, Siamak Bashar, Erin N. Day, and Clifford L. Librach
Subjects: Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Published: 2023
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32. Efficacy and Safety of Mepolizumab as an Add-on Therapy in Chinese Patients With Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group Phase 3 Study

Author: R. Chen, L. Wei, Y. Dai, Z. Wang, D. Yang, M. Jin, C. Xiong, T. Li, S. Hu, J. Song, N. Day, R. Chan, and N. Zhong
Published: 2023
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33. Drug-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Is Highly Prevalent in the Environment of Vietnam: A New Challenge for the Management of Aspergillosis?

Author: Tra My N. Duong, Phuong Tuyen Nguyen, Thanh Van Le, Huong Lan P. Nguyen, Bich Ngoc T. Nguyen, Bich Phuong T. Nguyen, Thu Anh Nguyen, Sharon C.-A. Chen, Vanessa R. Barrs, Catriona L. Halliday, Tania C. Sorrell, Jeremy N. Day, and Justin Beardsley
Subjects: Aspergillus flavus, azole resistance, environmental, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The burden of aspergillosis, especially Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis, is increasingly recognized, and the increasing presence of azole-resistant environmental Aspergillus fumigatus has been highlighted as a health risk. However, a sizable minority of aspergillosis is caused by Aspergillus flavus, which is assumed to be sensitive to azoles but is infrequently included in surveillance. We conducted environmental sampling at 150 locations in a rural province of southern Vietnam. A. flavus isolates were identified morphologically, their identity was confirmed by sequencing of the beta-tubulin gene, and then they were tested for susceptibility to azoles and amphotericin B according to EUCAST methodologies. We found that over 85% of A. flavus isolates were resistant to at least one azole, and half of them were resistant to itraconazole. This unexpectedly high prevalence of resistance demands further investigation to determine whether it is linked to agricultural azole use, as has been described for A. fumigatus. Clinical correlation is required, so that guidelines can be adjusted to take this information into account.
Published: 2020
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34. Do Right Heart Hemodynamic Improvements Persist After Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy?

Author: Brian D. Lahr, Sudhir S. Kushwaha, David L. Joyce, Courtney N. Day, Gurpreet S. Sandhu, Michael T. Cain, and Lyle D. Joyce
Subjects: Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Haemodynamic response, Hypertension, Pulmonary, medicine.medical_treatment, Hemodynamics, Endarterectomy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Single Center, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiopulmonary bypass, Humans, Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, business.industry, General Medicine, Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency, Right Ventricular Assist Device, Treatment Outcome, 030228 respiratory system, Chronic Disease, Right heart, Ventricular pressure, Cardiology, Surgery, Pulmonary Embolism, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: The survival benefits of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension have been well described. However, the significance of right heart hemodynamic changes and their impact on survival remains poorly understood. We sought to characterize the effects of these changes. We conducted a single center, retrospective review of 159 patients who underwent PTE between 1993 and 2015. Echocardiographic and right heart catheterization data were compared longitudinally before and after PTE in order to establish the extent of hemodynamic response to surgery. Kaplan Meier estimates were used to characterize patient survival over time. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess factors associated with long-term mortality. Among the 159 patients studied, 74 (46.5%) were male with a median age of 55 (IQR: 42-66). One-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival was 91.0% (95% CI: 86.6-95.6), 79.6% (73.5-86.3), 66.5% (59.2-74.7), and 56.2% (48.1-65.8). Of the 9 candidate risk factors that were evaluated, only advanced age and increased cardiopulmonary bypass time were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. Pre- and postsurgical echocardiographic imaging data, when available, revealed a median reduction in right ventricular systolic pressure of 29.0 mm Hg (P0.0001) and improvement of tricuspid regurgitation (P0.0001), both of which appeared to be sustained across long-term follow-up. Improvements in right heart hemodynamics and tricuspid valvular regurgitation persist on long term surveillance following PTE. While patient selection is often driven by the distribution of disease, close postoperative follow up may improve outcomes.
Published: 2022
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35. Infant Carrying in the United States: A Survey of Current Practices, Physical and Mental Health Benefits, and Challenges of Babywearing

Author: Kathryn L. Havens, Eileen V. Johnson, Elizabeth N. Day, Caleb J. Holdener, and Catherine P. Starnes
Published: 2022
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36. The Incidence of Pouch Neoplasia Following Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Author: Siri A Urquhart, Bryce P Comstock, Mauricio F Jin, Courtney N Day, John E Eaton, William S Harmsen, Laura E Raffals, Edward V Loftus, and Nayantara Coelho-Prabhu
Subjects: Gastroenterology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract: BackgroundIleal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard restorative procedure following proctocolectomy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who require colectomy. However, removal of the diseased colon does not eliminate the risk of pouch neoplasia. We aimed to assess the incidence of pouch neoplasia in IBD patients following IPAA.MethodsAll patients at a large tertiary center with International Classification of Diseases–Ninth Revision/International Classification of Diseases–Tenth Revision codes for IBD who underwent IPAA and had subsequent pouchoscopy were identified using a clinical notes search from January 1981 to February 2020. Relevant demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were abstracted.ResultsIn total, 1319 patients were included (43.9% women). Most had ulcerative colitis (95.2%). Out of 1319 patients, 10 (0.8%) developed neoplasia following IPAA. Neoplasia of the pouch was seen in 4 cases with neoplasia of the cuff or rectum seen in 5 cases. One patient had neoplasia of the prepouch, pouch, and cuff. Types of neoplasia included low-grade dysplasia (n = 7), high-grade dysplasia (n = 1), colorectal cancer (n = 1), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (n = 1). Presence of extensive colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, backwash ileitis, and rectal dysplasia at the time of IPAA were significantly associated with increased risk of pouch neoplasia.ConclusionsThe incidence of pouch neoplasia in IBD patients who have undergone IPAA is relatively low. Extensive colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and backwash ileitis prior to IPAA and rectal dysplasia at the time of IPAA raise the risk of pouch neoplasia significantly. A limited surveillance program might be appropriate for patients with IPAA even with a history of colorectal neoplasia.
Published: 2023
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37. Global estimates and determinants of antituberculosis drug pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents

Author: Fajri Gafar, Roeland E. Wasmann, Helen M. McIlleron, Rob E. Aarnoutse, H. Simon Schaaf, Ben J. Marais, Dipti Agarwal, Sampson Antwi, Nguyen D. Bang, Adrie Bekker, David J. Bell, Chishala Chabala, Louise Choo, Geraint R. Davies, Jeremy N. Day, Rajeshwar Dayal, Paolo Denti, Peter R. Donald, Ephrem Engidawork, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats, Diana Gibb, Stephen M. Graham, Anneke C. Hesseling, Scott K. Heysell, Misgana I. Idris, Sushil K. Kabra, Aarti Kinikar, Agibothu K. Hemanth Kumar, Awewura Kwara, Rakesh Lodha, Cecile Magis-Escurra, Nilza Martinez, Binu S. Mathew, Vidya Mave, Estomih Mduma, Rachel Mlotha-Mitole, Stellah G. Mpagama, Aparna Mukherjee, Heda M. Nataprawira, Charles A. Peloquin, Thomas Pouplin, Geetha Ramachandran, Jaya Ranjalkar, Vandana Roy, Rovina Ruslami, Ira Shah, Yatish Singh, Marieke G.G. Sturkenboom, Elin M. Svensson, Soumya Swaminathan, Urmila Thatte, Stephanie Thee, Tania A. Thomas, Tjokosela Tikiso, Daan J. Touw, Anna Turkova, Thirumurthy Velpandian, Lilly M. Verhagen, Jana L. Winckler, Hongmei Yang, Vycke Yunivita, Katja Taxis, Jasper Stevens, and Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, History, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Polymers and Plastics, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract: BackgroundSuboptimal exposure to antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs has been associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes. We aimed to investigate estimates and determinants of first-line anti-TB drug pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents at a global level.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science (1990–2021) for pharmacokinetic studies of first-line anti-TB drugs in children and adolescents. Individual patient data were obtained from authors of eligible studies. Summary estimates of total/extrapolated area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 24 h post-dose (AUC0–24) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were assessed with random-effects models, normalised with current World Health Organization-recommended paediatric doses. Determinants of AUC0–24andCmaxwere assessed with linear mixed-effects models.ResultsOf 55 eligible studies, individual patient data were available for 39 (71%), including 1628 participants from 12 countries. Geometric means of steady-state AUC0–24were summarised for isoniazid (18.7 (95% CI 15.5–22.6) h·mg·L−1), rifampicin (34.4 (95% CI 29.4–40.3) h·mg·L−1), pyrazinamide (375.0 (95% CI 339.9–413.7) h·mg·L−1) and ethambutol (8.0 (95% CI 6.4–10.0) h·mg·L−1). Our multivariate models indicated that younger age (especially 0–24for all first-line anti-TB drugs, while severe malnutrition was associated with lower AUC0–24for isoniazid and pyrazinamide.N-acetyltransferase 2 rapid acetylators had lower isoniazid AUC0–24and slow acetylators had higher isoniazid AUC0–24than intermediate acetylators. Determinants ofCmaxwere generally similar to those for AUC0–24.ConclusionsThis study provides the most comprehensive estimates of plasma exposures to first-line anti-TB drugs in children and adolescents. Key determinants of drug exposures were identified. These may be relevant for population-specific dose adjustment or individualised therapeutic drug monitoring.
Published: 2023
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38. Stakeholder informed development of the Emotion Awareness and Skills Enhancement team–based program (EASE-Teams)

Author: Kelly B Beck, Jessie B Northrup, Kaitlyn E Breitenfeldt, Shannon Porton, Taylor N Day, Kristen T MacKenzie, Caitlin M Conner, and Carla A Mazefsky
Subjects: Adult, Young Adult, Adolescent, Caregivers, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, Emotions, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Autistic Disorder, Child, Article, Aged
Abstract: Emotion dysregulation (ED) underlies psychiatric symptoms and impedes adaptive responses in autistic individuals. The Emotion Awareness and Skills Enhancement (EASE) program was the first mindfulness-based intervention designed to target emotion dysregulation in autistic adolescents (12–17 years old). This project partnered with stakeholders to adapt EASE for autistic adolescents and adults with co-occurring intellectual disability and autistic elementary-aged children, groups who often benefit from caregiver support in treatment. Over three adaptation phases, we: (1) elicited stakeholder and expert feedback to adapt the original EASE program for autistic individuals with intellectual disability; (2) redesigned the adapted manual and expanded the target age range following a small “micro-trial” with a sample of autistic adolescents and adults with intellectual disability ( n = 6); and (3) demonstrated feasibility and acceptability of a caregiver-client team-based approach (EASE-Teams) in a sample of 10 autistic individuals with and without intellectual disability (ages 7–25) and their caregivers. EASE-Teams was both acceptable and helpful to families. Significant improvements were noted in participant emotion dysregulation, psychiatric symptoms, and caregiver stress from their child’s dysregulation. Findings suggest that EASE-Teams may be appropriate for heterogeneous developmental and cognitive needs. Future research to establish efficacy and refine EASE-Teams with community providers is warranted. Lay abstract Emotion dysregulation (ED) impacts mental health symptoms and well-being in autistic individuals. In prior work, we developed the Emotion Awareness and Skills Enhancement (EASE) to improve emotion dysregulation with autistic adolescents (aged 12–17). The study team partnered with autistic individuals, their caregivers, and expert clinicians to adapt EASE for autistic adolescents and adults with co-occurring intellectual disability and autistic elementary-aged children, groups that often benefit from caregiver support in treatment. In three phases, we (1) gathered caregiver and expert feedback to adapt the original EASE program for autistic adults with intellectual disability, (2) revised the treatment after using it with six autistic adults with intellectual disability, and (3) tested the newly developed caregiver–client team-based treatment, called EASE-Teams, in a small group of 10 autistic individuals with and without intellectual disability (aged 7–25). Families found EASE-Teams to be acceptable and helpful. We found improvements in emotion dysregulation and mental health symptoms for autistic participants. Caregivers reported less stress from their child’s dysregulation after participating. These results show that EASE-Teams can be appropriate for different developmental and cognitive needs. Future studies will need to test the benefits of the treatment in community clinics.
Published: 2021
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39. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis, Presentation, and Patient Management

Author: Tanya L. Hoskin, Judy C. Boughey, Courtney N. Day, Jennifer E. Tonneson, Diane M. Durgan, and Christina A. Dilaveri
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Receptor, ErbB-2, medicine.medical_treatment, Breast Neoplasms, Disease, Breast Oncology, Breast cancer, Surgical oncology, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Humans, Stage (cooking), Pandemics, Neoadjuvant therapy, Retrospective Studies, Chemotherapy, business.industry, COVID-19, medicine.disease, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Oncology, Surgery, Female, business, Stage at diagnosis
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic caused delays in breast cancer management forcing clinicians to potentially alter treatment recommendations. This study compared breast cancer stage at diagnosis and rates of neoadjuvant therapy among women presenting to our institution before and during COVID-19. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients with a new breast cancer diagnosis from March 2020-August 2020 (during-COVID-19) were compared with March 2019-August 2019 (pre-COVID-19). We compared stage at diagnosis, clinical/demographic features, and neoadjuvant therapy use between the time periods. RESULTS: A total of 573 patients included: 376 pre-COVID-19, 197 during-COVID-19. Method of cancer detection was by imaging in 66% versus 63% and by physical findings/symptoms in 34% versus 37% of patients comparing pre-COVID-19 to during-COVID-19, p = 0.47. Overall clinical prognostic stage did not differ significantly (p = 0.39) between the time periods, nor did cM1 disease (2% in each period); 23% pre-COVID-19 and 27% during-COVID-19 presented with cN+ disease (p = 0.38). Neoadjuvant therapy use was significantly higher during-COVID-19 (39%) versus pre-COVID-19 (29%, p = 0.02) driven by increased neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) use (7% to 16%, p = 0.002), whereas neoadjuvant chemotherapy use did not change (22% vs. 23%, p = 0.72). In HR+/HER2- disease, NET use increased from 10% pre-COVID-19 to 23% during-COVID-19 (p = 0.001) with a significant increase in stage I patients (7 to 22%, p < 0.001) and nonsignificant increases in stage II (18 to 23%, p = 0.63) and stage III (9 to 29%, p = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer stage at diagnosis did not differ significantly during-COVID-19 compared with pre-COVID-19. More patients during-COVID-19 were treated with NET, which was significantly increased in stage I HR+/HER2- disease.
Published: 2021

40. Locoregional Management of the Axilla in Mastectomy Patients with One or Two Positive Sentinel Nodes: The Role of Intraoperative Pathology

Author: John C. Cheville, John M. Davis, Courtney N. Day, Mara A. Piltin, Judy C. Boughey, Tanya L. Hoskin, and Tina J. Hieken
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Breast Neoplasms, Nodal disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, medicine, Frozen Sections, Humans, Mastectomy, Frozen section procedure, business.industry, Sentinel node, medicine.disease, Optimal management, Axilla, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Lymphatic Metastasis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Lymph Node Excision, Female, Axillary Dissection, Sentinel Lymph Node, business
Abstract: Tailoring axillary surgery to disease burden has occurred for patients treated with breast-conserving surgery, but limited data exist for patients treated with mastectomy, thus most of these patients who are clinically node-negative but found to be pathologically node-positive are treated with axillary dissection. From 2295 clinically node-negative mastectomy patients treated at our institution 2008-2018, we studied 338 with 1-2 positive sentinel nodes. Patients with a positive sentinel node identified on intraoperative frozen section pathology had a higher nodal disease burden. 66 of 108 patients (61%) whose nodal disease was identified only on permanent section pathology were treated with sentinel node surgery without axillary dissection with no 5-year regional nodal recurrences. This approach permits tailoring axillary surgery in most clinically node-negative mastectomy patients whilst avoiding a second operation. Introduction : Controversy exists regarding optimal management of the axilla in clinically node-negative (cN0) mastectomy patients with 1-2 positive sentinel nodes (+SLNs). We evaluated the influence of frozen section pathology on axillary management and recurrence. Materials and Methods : We studied cN0 breast cancer patients treated 2008-2018 with mastectomy and SLN surgery with 1-2+SLNs. Patients with 1-2+SLNs identified on frozen section intraoperatively (FS+SLN) were compared to those with 1-2+SLNs not detected by frozen section (FS–SLN). Recurrence rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results : Of 2295 cN0 mastectomy patients, 338 had 1-2+SLNs: 108 (32%) FS-SLN and 230 (68%) FS+SLN. In FS+SLN cases, completion axillary dissection (cALND) was more frequent (97% versus 39%, p Conclusions : Mastectomy patients with 1-2 FS+SLNs have a higher nodal disease burden than FS-SLN patients. The majority of FS+SLN patients underwent cALND and 52% received PMRT with very low 5-year regional nodal recurrence rates. A substantial proportion of FS-SLN patients successfully avoided both cALND and PMRT. Frozen section pathology analysis can guide de-escalation of axillary management.
Published: 2021
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41. A randomised double blind placebo controlled phase 2 trial of adjunctive aspirin for tuberculous meningitis in HIV-uninfected adults

Author: Nguyen TH Mai, Nicholas Dobbs, Nguyen Hoan Phu, Romain A Colas, Le TP Thao, Nguyen TT Thuong, Ho DT Nghia, Nguyen HH Hanh, Nguyen T Hang, A Dorothee Heemskerk, Jeremy N Day, Lucy Ly, Do DA Thu, Laura Merson, Evelyne Kestelyn, Marcel Wolbers, Ronald Geskus, David Summers, Nguyen VV Chau, Jesmond Dalli, and Guy E Thwaites
Subjects: tuberculous meningitis, aspirin, infarction, clinical trial, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Adjunctive dexamethasone reduces mortality from tuberculous meningitis (TBM) but not disability, which is associated with brain infarction. We hypothesised that aspirin prevents TBM-related brain infarction through its anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-resolution properties. We conducted a randomised controlled trial in HIV-uninfected adults with TBM of daily aspirin 81 mg or 1000 mg, or placebo, added to the first 60 days of anti-tuberculosis drugs and dexamethasone (NCT02237365). The primary safety endpoint was gastro-intestinal or cerebral bleeding by 60 days; the primary efficacy endpoint was new brain infarction confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging or death by 60 days. Secondary endpoints included 8-month survival and neuro-disability; the number of grade 3 and 4 and serious adverse events; and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory lipid mediator profiles. 41 participants were randomised to placebo, 39 to aspirin 81 mg/day, and 40 to aspirin 1000 mg/day between October 2014 and May 2016. TBM was proven microbiologically in 92/120 (76.7%) and baseline brain imaging revealed ≥1 infarct in 40/114 (35.1%) participants. The primary safety outcome occurred in 5/36 (13.9%) given placebo, and in 8/35 (22.9%) and 8/40 (20.0%) given 81 mg and 1000 mg aspirin, respectively (p=0.59). The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 11/38 (28.9%) given placebo, 8/36 (22.2%) given aspirin 81 mg, and 6/38 (15.8%) given 1000 mg aspirin (p=0.40). Planned subgroup analysis showed a significant interaction between aspirin treatment effect and diagnostic category (Pheterogeneity = 0.01) and suggested a potential reduction in new infarcts and deaths by day 60 in the aspirin treated participants with microbiologically confirmed TBM (11/32 (34.4%) events in placebo vs. 4/27 (14.8%) in aspirin 81 mg vs. 3/28 (10.7%) in aspirin 1000 mg; p=0.06). CSF analysis demonstrated aspirin dose-dependent inhibition of thromboxane A2 and upregulation of pro-resolving CSF protectins. The addition of aspirin to dexamethasone may improve outcomes from TBM and warrants investigation in a large phase 3 trial.
Published: 2018
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42. Effects of Fermentation by Yeast and Amylolytic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Grain Sorghum Protein Content and Digestibility

Author: Christina N. Day and Ruben O. Morawicki
Subjects: Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract: Despite many advantages to its cultivation, grain sorghum is an underutilized crop because of low nutrient availability, particularly protein digestibility, due to antinutritional compounds in the grain and by moist-heat cooking. Some of these concerns can be mitigated by how the grain is processed. Fermentation is one processing method that can improve digestibility and at the same time concentrate protein in a substrate. In this experiment, grain sorghum was subjected to different treatments and fermented with baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and an amylolytic species, Lipomyces kononenkoae, to improve and increase protein content. The effects of pasteurization or sterilization of the substrate, nitrogen supplementation, amyloglucosidase addition, and coculture with Lactobacillus amylovorus were examined. After fermentation, baker’s yeast samples treated with enzyme increased in crude protein, from 9% in unfermented grain to approximately 27% after treatment. Nitrogen supplementation accelerated protein enrichment and was a significant factor at 24 hours of fermentation. Both types of yeast increased pepsin digestibility of sorghum protein compared to thermally processed control samples. The ratio of phytate to protein was reduced by both yeast species. L. kononenkoae reduced phytates in the substrate but did not enrich protein content. The lactic coculture had no significant effect on measured responses.
Published: 2018
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43. Comparative genomics of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii associated with meningitis in HIV infected and uninfected patients in Vietnam.

Author: Jeremy N Day, Seet Qihui, Lam Tuan Thanh, Phan Hai Trieu, Anh Duong Van, Nha Hoang Thu, Tran Thi Hong Chau, Nguyen P H Lan, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Philip M Ashton, Guy E Thwaites, Maciej F Boni, Marcel Wolbers, Niranjan Nagarajan, Patrick B O Tan, and Stephen Baker
Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: The vast burden of cryptococcal meningitis occurs in immunosuppressed patients, driven by HIV, and is caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. We previously reported cryptococcal meningitis in Vietnam arising atypically in HIV uninfected, apparently immunocompetent patients, caused by a single amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) cluster of C. neoformans var. grubii (VNIγ). This variant was less common in HIV infected individuals; it remains unclear why this lineage is associated with apparently immunocompetent patients. To study this host tropism we aimed to further our understanding of clinical phenotype and genomic variation within Vietnamese C. neoformans var. grubii. After performing MLST on C. neoformans clinical isolates we identified 14 sequence types (STs); ST5 correlated with the VNIγ cluster. We next compared clinical phenotype by lineage and found HIV infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis caused by ST5 organisms were significantly more likely to have lymphadenopathy (11% vs. 4%, p = 0.05 Fisher's exact test) and higher blood lymphocyte count (median 0.76 versus 0.55 X109 cells/L, p = 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). Furthermore, survivors of ST5 infections had evidence of worse disability outcomes at 70 days (72.7% (40/55) in ST5 infections versus 57.1% (52/91) non-ST5 infections (OR 2.11, 95%CI 1.01 to 4.41), p = 0.046). To further investigate the relationship between strain and disease phenotype we performed genome sequencing on eight Vietnamese C. neoformans var. grubii. Eight genome assemblies exhibited >99% nucleotide sequence identity and we identified 165 kbp of lineage specific to Vietnamese isolates. ST5 genomes harbored several strain specific regions, incorporating 19 annotated coding sequences and eight hypothetical proteins. These regions included a phenolic acid decarboxylase, a DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 26, oxoprolinases, a taurine catabolism dioxygenase, a zinc finger protein, membrane transport proteins and various drug transporters. Our work outlines the complexity of genomic pathogenicity in cryptococcal infections and identifies a number of gene candidates that may aid the disaggregation of the pathways associated with the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii.
Published: 2017
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44. Author response: Efficacy of ultra-short, response-guided sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy for hepatitis C in a single-arm mechanistic pilot study

Author: Barnaby Flower, Le Manh Hung, Leanne Mccabe, M Azim Ansari, Chau Le Ngoc, Thu Vo Thi, Hang Vu Thi Kim, Phuong Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Le Thanh Phuong, Vo Minh Quang, Thuan Dang Trong, Thao Le Thi, Tran Nguyen Bao, Cherry Kingsley, David Smith, Richard M Hoglund, Joel Tarning, Evelyne Kestelyn, Sarah L Pett, Rogier van Doorn, Jennifer Ilo Van Nuil, Hugo Turner, Guy E Thwaites, Eleanor Barnes, Motiur Rahman, Ann Sarah Walker, Jeremy N Day, Nguyen VV Chau, and Graham S Cooke
Published: 2022
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45. Theoretical Investigation of the Electronic Spectra of Cadmium Chalcogenide 2D Nanoplatelets

Author: Kiet A. Nguyen, Ruth Pachter, and Paul N. Day
Subjects: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Although colloidal cadmium chalcogenide 2D nanoplatelets (NPLs) have recently demonstrated strongly enhanced one- and two-photon absorption (OPA, TPA) spectra, an understanding of the effects of quantum confinement in the lateral and vertical (thickness) dimensions is mostly lacking. In this work, we investigate theoretically CdS and CdSe NPLs passivated with formate and acetate ligands with thicknesses of two and three monolayers (MLs) and different lateral dimensions. Initial structures for CdS nanoplatelets were obtained using our recently developed deep neural network potential, and the low-energy geometries were subsequently optimized using density functional theory (DFT). Linear- and nonlinear-response calculations using time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) and the simplified Tamm-Dancoff approximation (sTDA) demonstrated good agreement between measured spectra and calculated TDDFT and sTDA spectra for 2 and 3 ML NPLs. The OPA red-shifts from 2 to 3 ML NPLs can be attributed to the electron delocalization in the lateral and vertical directions. TPA responses for CdS and CdSe NPLs were found to be dominated by weakly absorbing and forbidden OPA states.
Published: 2022

46. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: time for action

Author: Melanie Alufandika, David G. Lalloo, Angela Loyse, Jeremy N. Day, Thomas S Harrison, John R. Perfect, Joseph N Jarvis, Tihana Bicanic, Henry C. Mwandumba, William W. Hope, and Katharine E. Stott
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Antifungal Agents, Databases, Factual, 030106 microbiology, Flucytosine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacotherapy, Meningoencephalitis, Amphotericin B, Amphotericin B deoxycholate, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, Fluconazole, business.industry, Cryptococcosis, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Drug Combinations, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, Drug Therapy, Combination, business, Deoxycholic Acid, medicine.drug
Abstract: Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis was first described over a century ago. This fungal infection is preventable and treatable yet continues to be associated with excessive morbidity and mortality. The largest burden of disease resides in people living with HIV in low-income and middle-income countries. In this group, mortality with the best antifungal induction regimen (7 days of amphotericin B deoxycholate [1·0 mg/kg per day] and flucytosine [100·0 mg/kg per day]) in a clinical trial setting was 24% at 10 weeks. The world is now at an inflection point in terms of recognition, research, and action to address the burden of morbidity and mortality from cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. However, the scope of interventional programmes needs to increase, with particular attention to implementation science that is specific to individual countries. This Review summarises causes of excessive mortality, interventions with proven survival benefit, and gaps in knowledge and practice that contribute to the ongoing high death toll from cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. TRANSLATIONS: For the Vietnamese and Chichewa translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Published: 2021
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47. Understanding the effect of categorization of a continuous predictor with application to neuro-oncology

Author: Ruchi Gupta, Courtney N. Day, Wlliam O Tobin, and Cynthia S. Crowson
Subjects: Cognitive science, Categorization, business.industry, Neuro oncology, Reviews, Medicine (miscellaneous), Medicine, business
Abstract: Many neuro-oncology studies commonly assess the association between a prognostic factor (predictor) and disease or outcome, such as the association between age and glioma. Predictors can be continuous (eg, age) or categorical (eg, race/ethnicity). Effects of categorical predictors are frequently easier to visualize and interpret than effects of continuous variables. This makes it an attractive, and seemingly justifiable, option to subdivide the continuous predictors into categories (eg, age
Published: 2021
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48. Azole‐resistant Aspergillus fumigatus is highly prevalent in the environment of Vietnam, with marked variability by land use type

Author: Matthew C. Fisher, Tra-My N. Duong, Sharon C.-A. Chen, Catriona Halliday, Khanh-Linh H. Tran, Tania C. Sorrell, Justin Beardsley, Huong-Lan P. Nguyen, Jeremy N. Day, Greg J. Fox, Thu Anh Nguyen, Guy B. Marks, Jessica J. Talbot, Phuong-Tuyen Nguyen, Michael Walsh, Thanh-Van Le, Bich-Ngoc T. Nguyen, Bich-Phuong T. Nguyen, Vanessa R. Barrs, Johanna Rhodes, Medical Research Council (MRC), and Wellcome Trust
Subjects: Azoles, Antifungal, Posaconazole, Veterinary medicine, Antifungal Agents, Itraconazole, medicine.drug_class, Azole resistance, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, SUSCEPTIBILITY, Microbiology, MECHANISMS, Aspergillus fumigatus, Southeast asia, Fungal Proteins, 0603 Evolutionary Biology, Drug Resistance, Fungal, SURVEILLANCE, parasitic diseases, medicine, CYP51A GENE, TR34/L98H MUTATIONS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Voriconazole, Science & Technology, CYSTIC-FIBROSIS, biology, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Vietnam, chemistry, Azole, SECTION FUMIGATI, BURDEN, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 0605 Microbiology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Azole-resistant environmental Aspergillus fumigatus presents a threat to public health but the extent of this threat in Southeast Asia is poorly described. We conducted environmental surveillance in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam, collecting air and ground samples across key land-use types, and determined antifungal susceptibilities of Aspergillus section Fumigati (ASF) isolates and azole concentrations in soils. Of 119 ASF isolates, 55% were resistant (or non-wild type) to itraconazole, 65% to posaconazole and 50% to voriconazole. Azole resistance was more frequent in A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolates (95%) than other ASF species (32%). Resistant isolates and agricultural azole residues were overrepresented in samples from cultivated land. cyp51A gene sequence analysis showed 38/56 resistant A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolates carried known resistance mutations, with TR34 /L98H most frequent (34/38).
Published: 2021
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49. Early Observation of Red Flags in 12-Month-Old Infant Siblings Later Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author: Taylor N. Day, Moira L. Pileggi, Natalie Brane, Abigail Delehanty, Jessica Bradshaw, Courtney McCracken, Amy M. Wetherby, and Jennifer Stapel-Wax
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Early detection, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, Speech and Hearing, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, mental disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Screening tool, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Research Notes, business.industry, Siblings, 05 social sciences, Infant, medicine.disease, Otorhinolaryngology, Autism spectrum disorder, Emblems and Insignia, business, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Red flags
Abstract: PurposeValid and reliable screening tools are needed to improve early detection and optimize developmental outcomes for toddlers at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study aimed to evaluate the utility of the Systematic Observation of Red Flags (SORF) for ASD at 12 months of age in a sample of high-risk infant siblings of children with ASD.MethodAs part of a prospective, longitudinal study, we examined the sensitivity and specificity of the SORF at 12 months for predicting a diagnosis of ASD at 24 months in a sample of 122 infants, 31 of whom were diagnosed with ASD.ResultsThe optimal SORF Composite cutoff score of 18 correctly identified 24 of the 31 twelve-month-olds who were diagnosed with ASD, yielding a sensitivity of .77 and a specificity of .76. The optimal SORF Red Flags cutoff score of 7 correctly identified 20 of the 31 infants, yielding a sensitivity of .65 and a specificity of .75.ConclusionThis preliminary study demonstrates the potential of the SORF as an effective observational screening measure for 12-month-olds at risk for ASD with good discrimination, sensitivity, and specificity.
Published: 2021
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50. The Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders: Field-testing an autism-specific screening tool for children 12 to 36 months of age

Author: Amy M. Wetherby, Stacy S. Manwaring, Eva Petkova, Whitney Guthrie, Abigail Delehanty, Jessica L. Hooker, Juliann Woods, Taylor N. Day, Sally J Ozonoff, Karen Pierce, Audrey Thurm, and Catherine Lord
Subjects: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Sensitivity and Specificity, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, mental disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, field-testing, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Screening tool, Autistic Disorder, Child, validation, Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders, screening, 05 social sciences, Infant, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Tailored Intervention, Autism spectrum disorder, Child, Preschool, Communication Disorders, Autism, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: There is a critical need for validated screening tools for autism spectrum disorder in very young children so families can access tailored intervention services as early as possible. Few screeners exist for children between the recommended screening ages of 18–24 months. This study examined the utility of a new autism-specific parent-report screening tool, the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders for children 12–36 months. Field-testing was conducted from five sites with 471 children screened for communication delays in primary care or referred for familial risk or concern for autism spectrum disorder. The Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders was evaluated in three age groups: 12–17, 18–23, and 24–36 months. A best-estimate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, or typical development was made. Receiver operating characteristic curves were examined for all 46 items and the 30 items that best discriminated autism spectrum disorder from the non-spectrum groups. Area under the curve estimates for the total were greater than 0.90 across age groups. Cutoffs were established for each age group with sensitivity between 0.86 and 0.92 and specificity between 0.74 and 0.85. Results provide preliminary support for the validity of the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders as an autism-specific screener in children 12–36 months with elevated risk of communication delay or autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract There is a critical need for accurate screening tools for autism spectrum disorder in very young children so families can access tailored intervention services as early as possible. However, there are few screeners designed for children 18–24 months. Developing screeners that pick up on the signs of autism spectrum disorder in very young children has proved even more challenging. In this study, we examined a new autism-specific parent-report screening tool, the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders for children between 12 and 36 months of age. Field-testing was done in five sites with 471 children screened for communication delays in primary care or referred for familial risk or concern for autism spectrum disorder. The Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders was tested in three age groups: 12–17, 18–23, and 24–36 months. A best-estimate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, or typical development was made. Analyses examined all 46 items and identified 30 items that best discriminated autism spectrum disorder from the non-spectrum groups. Cutoffs were established for each age group with good sensitivity and specificity. Results provide preliminary support for the accuracy of the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders as an autism-specific screener in children 12–36 months with elevated risk of communication delay or autism spectrum disorder.
Published: 2021
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