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Objective: The common cause of antenatal hydronephrosis in infants is temporary and permanent ureteropelvic junction stenosis (UPJS). Pyeloplasty is applied to all patients who have or have the potential to cause renal damage. This study, it was aimed to share the epidemiological data of our patients who underwent pyeloplasty. Materials and Methods: In our study, we evaluated 131 patients who were operated for UPJS between 2011 and 2021. The time of diagnosis, age of operation, duration of follow-up, gender, side of the pathology, complaints on admission, etiology of the pathology and contralateral kidney pathology were recorded. Results: 109 patients were included in the study. 76.1% of the patients were male and 23.9% were female. While pathology was more common on the left (65.1%) in boys, pathology was more common on the right (57.7%) in girls (p=0.036). The mean age of pyeloplasty was 39.27±48.01 months. The mean age of pyeloplasty in patients with antenatal diagnosis was 15.74±23.48 months, and the mean age of pyeloplasty in children with late diagnosis was 82.52±51.97 months (p=0.003). While 66.7% of UPD patients with aberrant vein pressure were diagnosed in the late period, 29.8% of the patients with intrinsic causes were diagnosed in the late period (p=0.005). Conclusion: Ureteropelvic junction stenosis is frequently diagnosed in the antenatal period and is common in boys and on the left. In our study, it was observed that right pyeloplasty was performed more frequently in girls. Patients with aberrant vascular pressure can also be diagnosed in the antenatal period. However, UPJS with aberrant vascular pressure is seen more frequently in patients admitted at older ages., Amaç: Antenatal hidronefrozun bebeklerde sık nedeni geçici ve kalıcı üreteropelvik bileşke darlığı (UPD)’dır. Renal hasar oluşturan veya oluşturma potansiyeli olan tüm hastalara piyeloplasti uygulanır. Biz bu çalışmada piyeloplasti yaptığımız hastalarımızın epidemiyolojik verilerini paylaşmak istedik. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmamızda 2011-2021 yılları arasında UPD nedeni ile opere edilen 131 hastayı değerlendirdik. Hastaların tanı zamanı, operasyon yaşı, takip süresi, cinsiyet, patolojinin tarafı, başvuru şikâyetleri, patolojinin etiyolojisi ve karşı böbrek patolojisi kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 109 hasta dâhil edildi. Hastaların %76,1’i erkek, %23,9’u kızdı. Erkek çocuklarda patoloji daha sıklıkla solda (%65,1) görülürken, kız çocuklarında patoloji daha sıklıkla sağda (%57,7) idi (p=0,036). Ortalama piyeloplasti yaşı 39,27±48,01 aydı. Antenatal tanılı hastaların ortalama piyeloplasti yaşı 15,74±23,48 aydı, geç dönem tanılı çocukların ortalama piyeloplasti yaşı 82,52±51,97 aydı (p=0,003). Aberan damar basılı UPD hastalarının %66,7’si geç dönemde tanı alırken, intrinsik nedenli hastaların %29,8’i geç dönemde tanı almıştı (p=0,005). Sonuç: Üreteropelvik bileşke darlığı sıklıkla antenatal dönemde tanı almakta, erkek çocuklarında ve solda sık görülmektedir. Çalışmamızda kız çocuklarında sağ piyeloplastinin daha sık yapıldığı görülmüştür. Aberan damar basılı hastalar antenatal dönemde de tanı alabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte ilerleyen yaşlarda başvuran hastalarda aberan basılı UPD daha sık görülmektedir.

Purpose: The presence and degree of hydronephrosis is very important in the management of many diseases of the urinary tract. In this study, we aim to compare the sensitivity and specificity of 2 classification systems that are used for hydronephrosis grading in ultrasound, for reflux and scar detection. The classification systems were the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) and Urinary Tract Dilatation (UTD). Material and methods: Ultrasounds and dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphies (DMSA) of all patients who underwent voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) due to urinary tract infection were examined retrospectively. DMSA was accepted for scar detection and VCUG for reflux detection as reference methods. SFU classification was used for hydronephrosis in ultrasound reports, and UTD classification was made over the reports. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of UTD and SFU classification systems for reflux and scar detection were calculated, and these 2 systems were compared. Results: 103 (39%) of the patients were male and 162 (61%) were female. Pathologies were detected in 192 (35%) of 530 kidneys in ultrasound. In 110 (42%) of the children, reflux was detected in VCUG. Scars in DMSA were detected in only 16% (44) of 266 kidneys. Sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of the UTD classification system were statistically significantly higher than the SFU system for scar and reflux detection (p < 0.01). Conclusions: If we use the UTD system in ultrasounds of patients with urinary tract infections, children reported as UTD 0 may not need VCUG, which reduces radiation exposure to children and the cost of the diagnostic interventions.

Objectives This study aims to investigate the prevalence of voiding disorders and identify the associated risk factors for school-age children in East Anatolia, Turkey. Methods We randomly selected six primary schools in Malatya in East Anatolia, and 907 students from 6 to 14 years old were involved. Data were obtained using the dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system (DVISS) scale, and children who scored 8.5 or above on that scale were considered as having voiding disorders. Results Voiding disorders were detected in 175 (19.2%) of 907 children. One hundred and fifty-two (16.8%) had day-time urinary incontinence, and 131 (14.5%) had night-time incontinence. The findings showed a significant relationship between voiding disorder and daytime/night-time incontinence, and fecal incontinence. Voiding disorders decreased as the age increased. There was a significant relationship between voiding disorder and positive family history, and the quality of life of these children was significantly affected. Conclusion Voiding disorder is a common disease among school-age children. By identifying and treating voiding disorders and related risk factors in children in the early period, these children can be protected from possible medical or social complications.

Background/Aim: The gold standard in the diagnosis of VUR (vesicoureteral reflux) is voiding cystouretrography (VCUG), but it is an invasive test with risk of radiation. The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of VUR.Methods: 760 kidneys of 380 patients were examined in this cohort study. The patients were grouped by three age groups; 0-2, 3-5 and 6-17 years old. US reports included the data of anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter (APRPD), kidney parenchyma, kidney size, and the size of ureters. For all age groups, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were evaluated separately in two circumstances; APRPD is accepted pathologic when >5 mm and >10 mm.Results: A correlation was found between VCUG and US results in all age groups (P5 mm, sensitivity, specifity and NPV of US were 86.99%, 60.26% and 88.13% respectively, regardless of age. In contrast, when pathologic APRPD was >10 mm, sensitivity, specifity and NPV were 79.45%, 79.91% and 71.17%, respectively. Sensitivity and NPV of US were found highest in group of 0-2 age.Conclusion: If US are performed by radiologists experienced in the pediatric urinary system US and if it includes other parameters with APRPD, it will guide for VCUG in the diagnosis of VUR. Thus, radiation exposure can be minimalized in clinical practice.

Aim: The incidence of antenatal hydronephrosis (AHN) has also increased with the raised use of ultrasonography (US); however, there is no consensus on how to approach the babies who were diagnosed prenatally with AHN. The present study aims to investigate the postnatal examination, treatment, and results of babies diagnosed with AHN.Material and Methods: In this study, 276 infants who were followed-up with the diagnosis of AHN between January 2012 and December 2015 in the pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Two hundred and fifty babies with AHN (196 males and 54 females) included in our study. Babies with and without abnormality were compared and etiological causes and treatment modalities of babies with AHN were investigated in the postnatal follow-up.Results: Despite no abnormality detected in 144 (57.6) AHN patients, 106 babies (42.4%) had urinary system abnormality in the postnatal US. As the underlying anomalies, ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) was the most common in 67 kidneys (63.2%); vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was found in 29 kidneys (%27.3), ureterovesical junction obstruction (UVJO) in 5 kidneys (4.7%) and posterior urethral valve (PUV) in 3 kidneys (2.8%).Conclusion: Evaluation of babies with AHN starting from postnatal first week will provide early diagnosis of urinary system pathologies and early treatment of babies diagnosed with obstructive pathology.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common morbidity in neonatal intensive care units and associated with poor outcome. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AKI and provide a demographic data and risk factors associated with the mortality and morbidity. METHODS: This is a retrospective study included 105 premature babies. Diagnosis of AKI was based on neonatal KDIGO classification criteria. The babies were stratified into two groups according to AKI status during the hospitalization. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the AKI group were compared to non‐AKI group. RESULTS: AKI occurred in 21 (20.0%) of 105 premature babies, and mortality rate in these babies was 61.9%. Lower gestational weeks, lower Apgar scores at 5 minutes, lower systolic blood pressures, and inotropic supports were independent risk factors for the development of AKI in preterm babies (P

Objective: We designed the present study to test the hypothesis that urinary biomarkers might predict acute kidney injury (AKI) development in non-septic and non-asphyxiated critically ill preterm infants. We evaluated urine (u) sistatin–C (uCys-C), kidney injury molecule–1 (uKIM–1) and neutrophil gelatinase associate lipocaline (uNGAL) as markers of AKI.Methods: Sixty-four preterm infants with gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks were included in this study. Biomarkers were measured on day of life (DOL) 1, 3, and 7.Results: uNGAL levels in the AKI group were significantly higher than in no-AKI group on DOL 1, 3 and 7 (p = 0.016, p = 0.007 and p = 0.0014, respectively).Conclusions: uNGAL is sensitive, early, and noninvasive AKI biomarkers, increasing significantly in non-septic and non-asphyxiated critically ill preterm neonates.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the blood pressure (BP) profile in children with a unilateral functioning solitary kidney (UFSK). A group of 49 patients between the ages of 5 and 18 years, and 30 healthy controls between the ages of 6 and 16 years were investigated. Gender, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of patients and controls were recorded. BP profile was determined by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). We have observed a higher risk of hypertension compared with healthy children. Also, masked hypertension is more frequently in the patients group and white-coat hypertension was observed in the control group. The mean night-time systolic BP (SBP) load (p = 0.01) and 24-h diastolic BP (DBP) load (p = 0.008) of children with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) was significantly higher than the healthy group. The mean night-time SBP load (p = 0.001) of children with unilateral renal agenesis (URA) and 24-h DBP load (p = 0.003) of children with unilateral atrophic or hypoplastic kidney were significantly higher than healthy group. We showed that the children with a solitary kidney had increased risk of hypertension. ABPM reflects the BP profile more precisely than casual BP measurement and it can be used to evaluate white-coat and masked hypertension in children with a solitary kidney.