9 results on '"Air pollution impact"'
Search Results
2. Cleaner air would enhance India’s annual solar energy production by 6–28 TWh
- Author
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Sushovan Ghosh, Sagnik Dey, Dilip Ganguly, Somnath Baidya Roy, and Kunal Bali
- Subjects
solar energy ,solar photo-voltaic ,air pollution impact ,National Clean Air Program ,Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana ,India ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Science ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
India has set a target of 100 GW solar installation capacity by the year 2022. However, the loss of solar energy due to environmental factors like air pollution is not properly considered in renewable energy resource assessments. Here we show that India lost 29% of its utilizable global horizontal irradiance potential due to air pollution between 2001 and 2018. The average loss in output incurred by solar power systems with horizontal, fixed-tilt, single-axis, and dual-axis trackers due to air pollution is estimated to be 12%, 26%, 33%, and 41%, respectively, equivalent to a loss of 245–835 million USD annually. The successful implementation of the National Clean Air Program and the complete mitigation of household emissions through the supply of cleaner fuel for domestic use and rural electrification would allow India to generate a surplus of 6–16 TWh of electricity per year from the existing installed solar power capacity in 2018. This translates to an economic benefit of 325–845 million USD annually, which is equivalent to the implementation costs of these social programs. Mitigating air pollution would therefore accelerate India’s progress towards achieving its solar energy target at a lesser installation capacity, avoiding additional expenditure for the expansion of the solar energy infrastructure.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Impact of Seasonal Winter Air Pollution on Health across the Lifespan in Mongolia and Some Putative Solutions.
- Author
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Warburton, David, Warburton, Nicole, Wigfall, Clarence, Chimedsuren, Ochir, Lodoisamba, Delgerzul, Lodoysamba, Sereeter, and Jargalsaikhan, Badarch
- Abstract
Environmental pollution of the air, water, and soil comprise an increasingly urgent challenge to global health, well-being, and productivity. The impact of environmental pollution arguably has its greatest impact across the lifespan on children, women of childbearing age, and pregnant women and their unborn children, not only because of their vulnerability during development, but also because of their subsequent longevity. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, is a highly instructive, perhaps extreme, example of what happens with recent, rapid urbanization. It is the coldest capital city on Earth, where average ambient temperatures routinely fall below -40°C/F between November and February. During the cold winter period, more than 200,000 "Gers" (traditional felt-lined dwellings) in the "Ger district" burn over 600,000 tons of coal for domestic heating (>3 tons each). Thus, outdoor ambient particulate levels frequently exceed 100 times the WHO-recommended safety level for sustained periods of time, and drive the majority of personal particulate matter exposure. Indoor levels of exposure are somewhat lower in this setting because Gers are equipped with chimneys. Major adverse health impacts that we have documented in the Ger districts include the following: respiratory diseases among those between 1 and 59 years of age and cardiac diseases in those over 60; alarming increases in lung cancer rates in females are also beginning to emerge; and fertility and subsequent successful completion of term pregnancy falls by up to half during the winter pollution season, while early fetal death rises by fourfold. However, the World Bank has intervened with a Ger stove replacement project that has progressively reduced winter pollution by about 30% over the past 5 years, and this has been accompanied by an increase in mean term birth weight of up to 100g. Each incremental decrement in air pollution clearly has beneficial effects on pregnancy, which are likely to have the greatest positive health and macroeconomic impact across the lifespan. However, innovative policies and solutions are clearly needed to eliminate coal heating in Gers and thus further reduce the markedly negative health impact of this practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Steel decarbonization in China – a top-down optimization model for exploring the first steps.
- Author
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Li, Zhenxi, Andersson, Fredrik N.G., Nilsson, Lars J., and Åhman, Max
- Subjects
- *
EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *CARBON emissions , *CARBON dioxide mitigation , *AIR pollutants , *POLLUTION control costs , *EMISSION inventories - Abstract
The steel industry is a major contributor to emissions of CO 2 and key air pollutants. Reducing air pollution has since long been a policy priority in China. Reducing CO 2 emissions has more recently also become a key priority partially manifested through the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015. Although there are often synergies between reducing CO 2 emissions and air pollution, it may have implications for the geographical location if one is prioritized over the other, with subsequent effects on local economies and overall policy efficiency. Therefore, we build a top-down optimization model to assess the provincial allocation of steel production, air pollution impact and the cost for meeting the target of peaking CO 2 emissions in 2025 and reducing them by 30% in 2030. This short-term reduction target can be regarded as the first steps for China's steel industry to meet the national net zero target and the Pairs agreement. We analyze a scenario to minimize air pollution impact and compare this with a scenario to minimize CO 2 mitigation costs. The results show that it is possible to peak CO 2 emissions in 2025 and reduce them by 30% in 2030 but the resulting scrap demand requires increased quality scrap collection or imports. The total cost for different scenarios is similar but optimizing on abatement cost leads to lower cumulative CO 2 emissions 2021–2030 compared to optimizing on pollution impact. If reducing pollution impact is the main objective, it leads to 22–26% lower pollution impact than when optimizing on abatement costs, and less primary production in densely populated areas. This implies that policy must handle trade-offs between cost optimal mitigation and pollution impact, as well as effects on local economies. Policy must also balance the accelerated introduction of Electric Arc Furnaces while simultaneously reducing overcapacity in primary production. • Chinese steel industry can peak emissions in 2025 and reduce them by 30% in 2030. • Scrap availability is the main constraint for reducing emissions by 30% in 2030. • The choice of strategy affects where future production will be located. • Increasing shares of EAF and reducing overcapacity should be balanced. • 122 Mt BF-BOF capacity should be phased-out from 2020 to 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Study of the requirements and project management plan of a system to provide relevant environment information for outdoors sports practitioners in urban areas
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Projectes i de la Construcció, Gonçalves Ageitos, María, Zouid El Bakkali, Salma, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Projectes i de la Construcció, Gonçalves Ageitos, María, and Zouid El Bakkali, Salma
- Abstract
The impact of air quality in human’s health have attracted much attention in the past decade furthermore if we consider sports practitioners. In the first part of this thesis, it has been analysed how air quality can affect human’s health in particular how it could affect outdoors sports practitioners main practicing their sports. After this analysis a solution has been presented to some users, a mobile app that can let them check the air quality in any area they want and let them know which is the best time to go out for practicing their sports. An agile process has been followed to define the main app functions and features, and from here it was being devised a project management plan for its development including an economic and environmental-social analyses of the future development of the app if its introduced in the market.
- Published
- 2020
6. Study of the requirements and project management plan of a system to provide relevant environment information for outdoors sports practitioners in urban areas
- Author
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Zouid El Bakkali, Salma, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de Projectes i de la Construcció, and Gonçalves Ageitos, María
- Subjects
Air pollution impact ,Aplicacions mòbils ,Gestió de projectes ,Air pollution ,Project management plan ,Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Human's health ,Project management ,Air quality app ,Mobile apps ,Air quality ,Sport practitioners ,Air--Pollution--Physiological effect ,Development of an app ,Aire -- Contaminació -- Efectes fisiològics ,human activities ,Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Degradació ambiental::Contaminació atmosfèrica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] - Abstract
The impact of air quality in human’s health have attracted much attention in the past decade furthermore if we consider sports practitioners. In the first part of this thesis, it has been analysed how air quality can affect human’s health in particular how it could affect outdoors sports practitioners main practicing their sports. After this analysis a solution has been presented to some users, a mobile app that can let them check the air quality in any area they want and let them know which is the best time to go out for practicing their sports. An agile process has been followed to define the main app functions and features, and from here it was being devised a project management plan for its development including an economic and environmental-social analyses of the future development of the app if its introduced in the market.
- Published
- 2020
7. Impacts of air pollution on human and ecosystem health, and implications for the National Emission Ceilings Directive: Insights from Italy
- Author
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De Marco, A, Proietti, C, Anav, A, Ciancarella, L, D'Elia, I, Fares, S, Fornasier, M, Fusaro, L, Gualtieri, M, Manes, F, Marchetto, A, Mircea, M, Paoletti, E, Piersanti, A, Rogora, M, Salvati, L, Salvatori, E, Screpanti, A, Vialetto, G, Vitale, M, Leonardi, C, De Marco A., Proietti C., Anav A., Ciancarella L., D'Elia I., Fares S., Fornasier M. F., Fusaro L., Gualtieri M., Manes F., Marchetto A., Mircea M., Paoletti E., Piersanti A., Rogora M., Salvati L., Salvatori E., Screpanti A., Vialetto G., Vitale M., Leonardi C., De Marco, A, Proietti, C, Anav, A, Ciancarella, L, D'Elia, I, Fares, S, Fornasier, M, Fusaro, L, Gualtieri, M, Manes, F, Marchetto, A, Mircea, M, Paoletti, E, Piersanti, A, Rogora, M, Salvati, L, Salvatori, E, Screpanti, A, Vialetto, G, Vitale, M, Leonardi, C, De Marco A., Proietti C., Anav A., Ciancarella L., D'Elia I., Fares S., Fornasier M. F., Fusaro L., Gualtieri M., Manes F., Marchetto A., Mircea M., Paoletti E., Piersanti A., Rogora M., Salvati L., Salvatori E., Screpanti A., Vialetto G., Vitale M., and Leonardi C.
- Abstract
Across the 28 EU member states there were nearly half a million premature deaths in 2015 as a result of exposure to PM2.5, O3 and NO2. To set the target for air quality levels and avoid negative impacts for human and ecosystems health, the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD, 2016/2284/EU) sets objectives for emission reduction for SO2, NOx, NMVOCs, NH3 and PM2.5 for each Member State as percentages of reduction to be reached in 2020 and 2030 compared to the emission levels into 2005. One of the innovations of NECD is Article 9, that mentions the issue of “monitoring air pollution impacts” on ecosystems. We provide a clear picture of what is available in term of monitoring network for air pollution impacts on Italian ecosystems, summarizing what has been done to control air pollution and its effects on different ecosystems in Italy. We provide an overview of the impacts of air pollution on health of the Italian population and evaluate opportunities and implementation of Article 9 in the Italian context, as a case study beneficial for all Member States. The results showed that SO42− deposition strongly decreased in all monitoring sites in Italy over the period 1999–2017, while NO3− and NH4+ decreased more slightly. As a consequence, most of the acid-sensitive sites which underwent acidification in the 1980s partially recovered. The O3 concentration at forest sites showed a decreasing trend. Consequently, AOT40 (the metric identified to protect vegetation from ozone pollution) showed a decrease, even if values were still above the limit for forest protection (5000 ppb h−1), while PODy (flux-based metric under discussion as new European legislative standard for forest protection) showed an increase. National scale studies pointed out that PM10 and NO2 induced about 58,000 premature deaths (year 2005), due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The network identified for Italy contains a good number of monitoring sites (6 for terrestrial ecosystem monitoring
- Published
- 2019
8. Impacts of air pollution on human and ecosystem health, and implications for the National Emission Ceilings Directive: Insights from Italy
- Author
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Fausto Manes, Silvano Fares, Luca Salvati, Elena Paoletti, Alessandro Anav, Ilaria D'Elia, A. Marchetto, Chiara Proietti, G. Vialetto, Mihaela Mircea, Lina Fusaro, Elisabetta Salvatori, Michela Rogora, Luisella Ciancarella, C. Leonardi, Marcello Vitale, Maurizio Gualtieri, Antonio Piersanti, Maria Francesca Fornasier, Augusto Screpanti, A. De Marco, De Marco, A, Proietti, C, Anav, A, Ciancarella, L, D'Elia, I, Fares, S, Fornasier, M, Fusaro, L, Gualtieri, M, Manes, F, Marchetto, A, Mircea, M, Paoletti, E, Piersanti, A, Rogora, M, Salvati, L, Salvatori, E, Screpanti, A, Vialetto, G, Vitale, M, Leonardi, C, De Marco, A., Proietti, C., Anav, A., Ciancarella, L., D'Elia, I., Fares, S., Fornasier, M. F., Fusaro, L., Gualtieri, M., Manes, F., Marchetto, A., Mircea, M., Paoletti, E., Piersanti, A., Rogora, M., Salvati, L., Salvatori, E., Screpanti, A., Vialetto, G., Vitale, M., and Leonardi, C.
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Air pollution ,Context (language use) ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Freshwater ecosystem ,Terrestrial ecosystem ,Environmental protection ,Air Pollution ,medicine ,Climate change ,Humans ,Air pollution impacts ,Human health ,National Emission Ceilings Directive ,Air Pollutants ,Ecosystem ,Environmental Monitoring ,Italy ,Forest protection ,Air quality index ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Air pollution impact ,Ecosystem health ,Air Pollutant ,Settore SECS-S/03 - Statistica Economica ,Environmental science ,air pollution impacts ,climate change ,freshwater ecosystem ,human health ,terrestrial ecosystem ,2300 ,Human - Abstract
Across the 28 EU member states there were nearly half a million premature deaths in 2015 as a result of exposure to PM2.5, O3 and NO2. To set the target for air quality levels and avoid negative impacts for human and ecosystems health, the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD, 2016/2284/EU) sets objectives for emission reduction for SO2, NOx, NMVOCs, NH3 and PM2.5 for each Member State as percentages of reduction to be reached in 2020 and 2030 compared to the emission levels into 2005. One of the innovations of NECD is Article 9, that mentions the issue of “monitoring air pollution impacts” on ecosystems. We provide a clear picture of what is available in term of monitoring network for air pollution impacts on Italian ecosystems, summarizing what has been done to control air pollution and its effects on different ecosystems in Italy. We provide an overview of the impacts of air pollution on health of the Italian population and evaluate opportunities and implementation of Article 9 in the Italian context, as a case study beneficial for all Member States. The results showed that SO42− deposition strongly decreased in all monitoring sites in Italy over the period 1999–2017, while NO3− and NH4+ decreased more slightly. As a consequence, most of the acid-sensitive sites which underwent acidification in the 1980s partially recovered. The O3 concentration at forest sites showed a decreasing trend. Consequently, AOT40 (the metric identified to protect vegetation from ozone pollution) showed a decrease, even if values were still above the limit for forest protection (5000 ppb h−1), while PODy (flux-based metric under discussion as new European legislative standard for forest protection) showed an increase. National scale studies pointed out that PM10 and NO2 induced about 58,000 premature deaths (year 2005), due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The network identified for Italy contains a good number of monitoring sites (6 for terrestrial ecosystem monitoring, 4 for water bodies monitoring and 11 for ozone impact monitoring) distributed over the territory and will produce a high number of monitored parameters for the implementation of the NECD. Keywords: National Emission Ceilings Directive, Air pollution impacts, Climate change, Terrestrial ecosystem, Freshwater ecosystem, Human health
- Published
- 2018
9. Ozone exposure affects tree defoliation in a continental climate
- Author
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Alessandro Anav, Marcello Vitale, Diana Silaghi, Alessandra De Marco, Stefan Leca, Ionel Popa, Augusto Screpanti, Ovidiu Badea, Elena Paoletti, De Marco, A., and Screpanti, A.
- Subjects
Pollution ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Air pollution ,010501 environmental sciences ,Carbon sequestration ,Forests ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Trees ,Ozone ,General regression models ,Air Pollution ,Temperate climate ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Forest ,Air pollution impacts ,Crown transparency ,Stomatal ozone uptake ,Forest protection ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Orographic lift ,Pollutant ,Air pollution impact ,Air Pollutants ,Romania ,Ecology ,Crown (botany) ,Plant Leaves ,air pollution impacts ,crown transparency ,stomatal ozone uptake ,forests ,general regression models ,Environmental science - Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) affects trees through visible leaf injury, accelerating leaf senescence, declining foliar chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity, growth, carbon sequestration, predisposing to pests attack and a variety of other physiological effects. Tree crown defoliation is one of the most important parameters that is representative of forest health and vitality. Effects of air pollution on forests have been investigated through manipulative experiments that are not representative of the real environmental conditions observed in the field. In this work we investigated the role of O3 concentration and other metrics (AOT40 and POD0) in affecting crown defoliation in temperate Romanian forests. The impacts of O3 were estimated in combination with nitrogen pollutants, climatic factors and orographic conditions, by applying a non-linear modelling approach (Random Forest and Generalised Regression Models). Ozone concentration and AOT40 under Romanian conditions were more important than meteorological parameters in affecting crown defoliation. In these particular conditions, POD0 never exceeded the critical level suggested by previous literature for forest protection, and thus was not important in affecting crown defoliation. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
- Published
- 2017
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