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The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of different parts (fruit, leaves, and seed) of papaya on thrombocytopenia. For the Purpose, the papaya fruit, leaves, and seeds were procured from Botanical Garden of University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Afterwards, the papaya fruit, leaves, and seeds were converted to powder followed by extraction of polyphenol with various solvents (aqueous ethanol and methanol). The obtained extracts were characterized for total flavonoid contents, polyphenols as well as anti,nutritional compounds, such as tannins and saponins. Moreover, efficacy trials were carried out to explore the effect of papaya parts (fruit, leaves, and seed) on the platelets count of potassium bromate-induced (PBI) rats. The PBI rats were fed with extract enriched diet for a time period of 56 days. Results showed that maximum extraction was obtained with ethanol. In addition, a higher bioactive profile (polyphenols) was observed in papaya leaves extract followed by fruit and seed extracts. Papaya leaves extract (PLE) treatment showed a maximum increase in platelets count from 169.9 ± 2.1 × 109/L to 231.1 ± 6.1 × 109/L in PBI rats as well as WBCs and RBCs 521 ± 16.8 × 107/L to 594.5 ± 11.2 × 107/L and 469.2 ± 13.2 × 107/L to 562.2 ± 14.2 × 107/L. But for hemoglobin, the papaya fruit extract treatment showed a higher value of 6.4 ± 0.1 to 7.4 ± 0.2 (mg/dL). Conclusively, papaya leaves should be included in dietary regimens for health promotion to combat thrombocytopenia and related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the provision of safe and cost‐effective chemopreventive cancer approaches, still there are requirements to enhance their efficiency. The use of dietary agents as phytochemicals plays an imperative role against different human cancer cell lines. Among these novel dietary agents, fisetin (3,3′,4′,7‐tetrahydroxyflavone) is present in different fruits and vegetables such as apple, persimmon, grape, strawberry, cucumber, and onion. Being a potent anticancer agent, fisetin has been used to inhibit stages in the cancer cells (proliferation, invasion), prevent cell cycle progression, inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis, cause polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and modulate the expressions of Bcl‐2 family proteins in different cancer cell lines (HT‐29, U266, MDA‐MB‐231, BT549, and PC‐3M‐luc‐6), respectively. Further, fisetin also suppresses the activation of the PKCα/ROS/ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, reduces the NF‐κB activation, and down‐regulates the level of the oncoprotein securin. Fisetin also inhibited cell division and proliferation and invasion as well as lowered the TET1 expression levels. The current review article highlights and discusses the anticancer role of fisetin in cell cultures and animal and human studies. Conclusively, fisetin as a polyphenol with pleiotropic pharmacological properties showed promising anticancer activity in a wide range of cancers. Fisetin suppresses the cancer cell stages, prevents progression in cell cycle and cell growth, and induces apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]