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Objective: To compare the coronary artery disease pattern in patients with and without diabetes presenting with Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). Study Design: Retrospective, Hospital Based, Observational Comparative study. Setting: Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Period: January 2022 to December 2022. Material & Methods: 180 Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) patients who were separated into two groups on the basis of Diabetes mellitus being absent or present and each group comprised of 90 individuals. All data was analyzed, and comparison was made among the two study groups. Results: Hypertension and smoking status was found to have significant differences among the two study groups. Significant number of individuals in the diabetic group were found to be smokers (46.6 % vs. 31.1 %; p = 0.03). The commonest risk factor in the diabetic group was noted to be hypertension. Single vessel disease was found to be significantly higher in the non-diabetic group in comparison with the diabetic group (25.5% vs 11.1%; p = 0.01) whereas diabetics showed significantly higher number of multivessel disease individuals. Coronary artery disease was more severe in the patients with Diabetes mellitus and grade was significantly higher along with LM being affected at a significantly greater rate in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) patients presented with Diabetes are more likely to have extensive and more severe coronary artery disease than the non-diabetic individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newborns mortality is the serious problem in all over the world and Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in mostly resource-constrained nations like Pakistan. Objectives: The study was aimed to determine causes and frequency of the diarrhea in 1st 6 months of life in term newborns, to study the biochemical characteristics and to further suggest the possible policy proposals. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Duration: Six months. Subjects and Methods: A total of 300 cases fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled to determine the frequency of acute diarrhea in newborns. Data was collected through specially designed Performa. Follow up of patients were also ensured Results: In our study, out of 300 children born by cesarean delivery, 47.67%(n=143) were between 1-3 months and 4-6 months was recorded in 52.33%(n=157), mean+sd was calculated as 3.57+2.92 months, 57.33%(n=172) were male and 42.67%(n=128) were females, frequency of diarrhea was recorded in 20.33%(n=61) while 79.67%(n=239) had no findings of the morbidity. Conclusion: Biochemical investigation showed what kind of diarrhea an infant has. The frequency of acute diarrhea in newborns is high among those who delivered by cesarean delivery. However, it is also required that every setup should have their surveillance in order to know the frequency, reasons and causes of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]