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Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death globally and a major risk factor for different cardiovascular outcomes. This led to continuous discovery of new drugs and on-going update of drug combinations. In the present work, sustainable eco-friendly spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the estimation of amiloride hydrochloride (AML), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and timolol maleate (TIM) in their ternary pharmaceutical formulation. The proposed methods are inspired based on the unique spectral characteristics of this mixture including spectral extension of AML over both HCT and TIM spectra. AML exhibits UV maximum at 362.0 nm that permits its direct estimation by zero order spectrophotometric method without any interference in a linear range of 2.0-20 [mu]g/mL. While for the estimation of HCT and TIM, two methods were applied. The first method is dual wavelength in ratio spectra, while the second one is ratio subtraction in conjunction with the first derivative of ratio spectra method. The two methods were found linear over the concentration range of 2.0-25 [micro]g/mL for HCT and 5-80 [micro]g/mL for TIM. The suggested methods were successfully adopted for the evaluation of the studied drugs in their marketed dosage form and further implemented for content uniformity evaluation. Additionally, method greenness profile was assessed using different assessment metrics., Author(s): Hoda M. Marzouk [sup.1] , Nada S. Ayish [sup.1] , Badr A. El-Zeany [sup.1] , Ahmed S. Fayed [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7776.1, 0000 0004 0639 9286, Analytical Chemistry [...]

This research presents the use of deep eutectic solvents as a green and cost-effective extraction solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of cadmium in food and environmental water specimen, where sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was employed as a complexing agent. A flame atomic absorption spectrometer was then used to quantify cadmium. The impacts of some effective variables such as deep eutectic solvent type and volume, pH, disperser solvent type and volume, diethyldithiocarbamate concentration, and extraction time were examined and optimized. Under optimal conditions, limit of detection was measured as 0.9 [mu]g/L, while limit of quantification, enrichment factor, and relative standard deviation were 2.9 [mu]g/L, 50, and 1.4%, respectively. The developed extraction method was successfully employed for Cd quantification in food and water. Recoveries of spiked samples varied in the range of 96.0-102.5%., Author(s): Mohammad Reza Jamali [sup.1] , Jamshid Mofid Nakhaei [sup.2] , Shabnam Sohrabnezhad [sup.2] , Reyhaneh Rahnama [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/031699d98, grid.412462.7, 0000 0000 8810 3346, Department of Chemistry, [...]

Solvent as a complex environment can surround solute molecules and modify their function. In this work, different solutesolvent interaction effects on the nonlinear optical behavior of some azo dyes were studied at the molecular level. In this case, spectroscopic technique and density functional theory were used. According to the results, molecular dipole transition, changes between ground and excited state dipole moments, substituent, and environment polarity play considerable effects on the molecular nonlinear optical responses. In addition to solvent effects on the molecular first- and second-order hyperpolarizability, the two-photon absorption cross-section is also modified due to solvent-induced interactions. Moreover, the determination of the contribution of dominant solvent effects on the molecular nonlinear optical behavior can facilitate the studies on the application of optical samples in designing various optical systems. Key words: hyperpolarizability, density functional theory, spectroscopy, two-photon cross-section, 1. Introduction Optical materials with nonlinear characteristics play significant roles in optics and photonics. By exploiting basic science, researchers are active in various laboratories to synthesize materials with unique nonlinear [...]