350 results on '"Augmentative"'
Search Results
2. Head movement and its relation to hearing.
- Author
-
Higgins, Nathan C., Pupo, Daniel A., Ozmeral, Erol J., and Eddins, David A.
- Subjects
ASSISTIVE listening systems ,LISTENING comprehension ,PROSTHETICS ,BONE conduction ,TRIALS (Law) ,COMMUNITIES ,HEAD - Abstract
Head position at any point in time plays a fundamental role in shaping the auditory information that reaches a listener, information that continuously changes as the head moves and reorients to different listening situations. The connection between hearing science and the kinesthetics of head movement has gained interest due to technological advances that have increased the feasibility of providing behavioral and biological feedback to assistive listening devices that can interpret movement patterns that reflect listening intent. Increasing evidence also shows that the negative impact of hearing deficits on mobility, gait, and balance may be mitigated by prosthetic hearing device intervention. Better understanding of the relationships between head movement, full body kinetics, and hearing health, should lead to improved signal processing strategies across a range of assistive and augmented hearing devices. The purpose of this review is to introduce the wider hearing community to the kinesiology of head movement and to place it in the context of hearing and communication with the goal of expanding the field of ecologically-specific listener behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Sufijos diminutivos y aumentativos en el discurso periodístico español: enfoque pragmático-funcional.
- Author
-
Leskó, Khrystyna
- Abstract
The present article suggests a pragmatic-funcional approach to analyse diminutive and augmentative derivatives in Spanish newspapers ABC, El Mundo and El País. More specifically, the focus of interest is on studying their connotative meanings (emotional and expressive). Special attention is paid to the syncretic meaning of the investigated derivatives according to the context in which they appear. The polysemic character of diminutives and augmentatives constitutes a problem when it is necessary to identify their true meaning. In this case, linguistic and extralinguistic factors (social and cultural) should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Evaluative Morphology in the Romance Languages
- Author
-
Grandi, Nicola
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The role of suffixation in encoding highest/lowest intensity in Romanian and Spanish
- Author
-
Violeta BUTISEACĂ
- Subjects
electronic communication ,blog ,intensity ,suffixation ,diminutive ,augmentative ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Any theoretical analysis of a fragment of reality is carried out by means of abstract models and aims to capture the specificity of a phenomenon. Theorising may nevertheless prove insufficient if its descriptive analysis is not doubled by the establishment of regularities, so that the current state of the phenomenon and its subsequent evolution may be explained. This general framework also includes linguistic intensification, which reveals one’s permanent need to evaluate everything that enters one’s sphere of perception: objects, beings, states, processes etc. The means of expressing “intensity” are most diverse and, implicitly, sensitive to any type of nuancing of the speaker, because it uncloses the shape its mental representation socially takes. This paper aims to highlight a certain aspect in the complex act of evaluation, namely expressing highest/lowest intensity by means of suffixes. The study relies on the analysis of two modern related languages, Romanian and Spanish, and the corpus has been essentially selected from the most modern form of human communication, the computer-mediated one.
- Published
- 2022
6. Pragmaticalisation of the T-marker qaʕɪd in North Hail Arabic: Generative Syntax and Evaluative Morphology.
- Author
-
Alshamari, Murdhy
- Subjects
SYNTAX (Grammar) ,MORPHOSYNTAX ,MORPHOLOGY ,ENDOWMENTS ,SPINE - Abstract
The central novel observation of this paper is that the Tense-marker qaʕɪd in North Hail Arabic has developed diminutive, augmentative and nunation morphological patterns, each of which is rooted in the morphological spine of qaʕɪd, expressing a certain discourse interpretation, as an interpretive-interface related consequence. Arguing it has pragmaticalised, a sub-deep type of grammaticalisation, qaʕɪd exhibits the diminutive pattern qweɪʕɪd when marking DEVALUE information while it displays an augmentative pattern qwa:ʕɪd when marking VALUE information, providing evidence that diminutive and augmentative, in a cross-linguistic manner, don’t merely express size, but encode a degree of speaker attitude. Entertaining the Split-CP system and implementing the Criterial approach within generative, minimalist tenets, this discourse function of qaʕɪd is activated, hence, achieved in narrow syntax by movement of the pragmaticalised instance of qaʕɪd, qweɪʕɪd and qwa:ʕɪd, to a C-layer in the left periphery, the locus of the relevant discourse value. Further investigations show that qweɪʕɪd and qwa:ʕɪd are potential host for a nunation marker ‘-ɪn’, which functions as a Focus marker, a discourse feature being spelled out at PF-interface as a nunation marker on qweɪʕɪd and qwa:ʕɪd. Moreover, given the morphological templates the pragmaticalised qaʕɪd develops, the research implements a touch of evaluative morphology approach, arguing that the morphological affixes contributing to the diminutivised and augmented forms of qaʕɪd carry an evaluative endowment at the pragmatic interface and attract the stem of qaʕɪd at the morphosyntax interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
7. Design and evaluation of validity of an electronic alternative and augmentative communication system for Persian-speaking children
- Author
-
Seyedeh Sepideh Seyedhosseini, Fatemeh Haresabadi, Abbas Ebadi, Zahra Ghayoumi-Anaraki, and Toktam Maleki Shahmahmood
- Subjects
electronic system ,content validity ,children ,alternative ,augmentative ,communication disorders ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of communication disorders, augmentative and alternative communication methods are one the options ahead to solve the problems of these people. Since there are no complex tools for Persian-speaking children with communication disorders, we decided to design communication assistant software for these children that produces sound output. Materials and Methods: In the first step, 337 basic Persian words were selected based on an extensive literature review on basic words of Persian-speaking children and consultation with experts. To evaluate the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI), nine speech and language pathologists commented about the appropriateness of the words and 247 words remained. Then, the images of the remaining words were designed by a graphic designer, and, their CVI was evaluated by 6 speech and language pathologists. In the next step, words were audio recorded by an experienced speaker in the studio. Then, a programmer designed the AAC software as a cross-platform software based on the words and their images using the C # programming language. Results: According to Lawshe’s model, for nine experts, the words with a CVR value of >0.78 have remained. In addition, the CVI of the final 247 words was 0.95 and the total CVI for images was estimated as 0.8. Conclusion: The results revealed that the designed electronic AAC system has a good content validity for Persian-speaking children with communication disorders.
- Published
- 2022
8. Semantics and specificities of functioning of nouns with augmentative suffixes in informal internet-communication (based on the materials of Russian-speaking blogs)
- Author
-
Evgeniya V. Skachkova
- Subjects
russian language ,word formation ,informal internet communication ,semantic category of intensity ,assessment ,expressiveness ,augmentative ,intensifier ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Language and Literature - Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of non-substantive augmentatives as part of the semantic-derivative category of the intensity of a non-procedural feature in modern Russian. The study is based on data extracted from the General Internet Corpus of the Russian Language (hereinafter referred to as GIKRYA), namely, from its LiveJournal subcorpus. The analyzed material is distinguished by expressiveness, emotionality and evaluativeness, which is reflected in its high linguo-creativity and allows studying not only ordinary, but also potential derivatives. The article analyzes the functional and semantic features of suffixes-augmentators of nouns, highlights the typical meanings of the most productive formants – -ищ-, -ин(а), -уг(а) (орф. -юг(а)), -юк(а). Substantive augmentatives are often used in statements with multiple intensification, interacting in context with lexical markers of feature intensification. The frequency of such use of the studied derivatives allows us to conclude that augmentative suffixes have a weak potential for intensification, and, therefore, should be attributed to the periphery of the semantic-word-building category of intensity.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. THE ROLE OF SUFFIXATION IN ENCODING HIGHEST/LOWEST INTENSITY IN ROMANIAN AND SPANISH.
- Author
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BUTISEACĂ, Violeta
- Subjects
- *
MODERN languages , *MENTAL representation , *TELECOMMUNICATION , *ROMANIANS , *ENCODING - Abstract
Any theoretical analysis of a fragment of reality is carried out by means of abstract models and aims to capture the specificity of a phenomenon. Theorising may nevertheless prove insufficient if its descriptive analysis is not doubled by the establishment of regularities, so that the current state of the phenomenon and its subsequent evolution may be explained. This general framework also includes linguistic intensification, which reveals one’s permanent need to evaluate everything that enters one’s sphere of perception: objects, beings, states, processes etc. The means of expressing “intensity” are most diverse and, implicitly, sensitive to any type of nuancing of the speaker, because it uncloses the shape its mental representation socially takes. This paper aims to highlight a certain aspect in the complex act of evaluation, namely expressing highest/lowest intensity by means of suffixes. The study relies on the analysis of two modern related languages, Romanian and Spanish, and the corpus has been essentially selected from the most modern form of human communication, the computer-mediated one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
10. Le diminutif/augmentatif à travers la flexion nominale en kirundi (bantou, JD62).
- Author
-
Nshimirimana, Epimaque, Tuyubahe, Pascal, and Misago, Manoah-Joël
- Subjects
GEOMETRIC shapes ,NOUNS ,INFLECTION (Grammar) - Abstract
The objective of this study is to systematically describe the diminutive/augmentative mechanism through noun inflection in Kirundi. By applying the cognitive theory of space representation to the size of the static and bounded object (without considering its geometric shape), three results were obtained. First, the diminutive/augmentative is expressed by means of the secondary noun classification with derivational purpose. Then, the marks of secondary classes in the singular (-ki-, -ka-, -ru-) represent a mode of occupation of the continuous space while those of the plural (-bi-, -tu-, -bu-) serve as support for a mode of occupation of discontinuous space. Finally, taking the primary noun class as a mark of the normal reference size, the diminutive/augmentative mechanism distinguishes two degrees from the normal size of the object considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
11. Human–computer interaction based visual feedback system for augmentative and alternative communication.
- Author
-
Yubin Liu, Sivaparthipan, C. B., and Shankar, Achyut
- Subjects
HUMAN-computer interaction ,MEANS of communication for people with disabilities ,PSYCHOLOGICAL feedback ,COMPUTERS ,COMPUTER vision ,COMPUTER algorithms ,ARTIFICIAL membranes - Abstract
The knowledgeable, human–machine interaction sight system has the benefits of low interference, lower permeability, and no interface attachment. The smart vision system has been critical in human–computer interaction to grow and advance technologies and research. The Human–Computer Interaction based Visual Feedback System (HCIVFS) is very quickly relative to the conventional collaborative mode. Such challenges may also affect the smart machine's view and the general use of sensation communication. The fundamental premise of the computer's sight communication architecture requires practical stability. This article explores the quality of the intellectual computer's enabling communication. The Rule of Fitts has also been included in this paper for three points-to-clicks applications. The proposed algorithm's reliability is analyzed in operations, visualization, and computer vision algorithms. There is a fair recommendation for an immersive configuration of the input method for intellectual sight by computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Design and evaluation of validity of an electronic alternative and augmentative communication system for Persian-speaking children.
- Author
-
Seyedhosseini, Seyedeh Sepideh, Haresabadi, Fatemeh, Ebadi, Abbas, Ghayoumi-Anaraki, Zahra, and Shahmahmood, Toktam Maleki
- Abstract
Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of communication disorders, augmentative and alternative communication methods are one the options ahead to solve the problems of these people. Since there are no complex tools for Persian-speaking children with communication disorders, we decided to design communication assistant software for these children that produces sound output. Materials and Methods: In the first step, 337 basic Persian words were selected based on an extensive literature review on basic words of Persian-speaking children and consultation with experts. To evaluate the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI), nine speech and language pathologists commented about the appropriateness of the words and 247 words remained. Then, the images of the remaining words were designed by a graphic designer, and, their CVI was evaluated by 6 speech and language pathologists. In the next step, words were audio recorded by an experienced speaker in the studio. Then, a programmer designed the AAC software as a cross-platform software based on the words and their images using the C # programming language. Results: According to Lawshe's model, for nine experts, the words with a CVR value of >0.78 have remained. In addition, the CVI of the final 247 words was 0.95 and the total CVI for images was estimated as 0.8. Conclusion: The results revealed that the designed electronic AAC system has a good content validity for Persian-speaking children with communication disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
13. Phonaesthemic alternations in Flemish dialects: a matter of language contact in the emergence of phonaesthesia?
- Author
-
Robbe, Joost and Willemsen, Jeroen
- Subjects
- *
DIALECTS , *LANGUAGE contact , *DUTCH language , *CONSONANTS , *PHONETICS , *TABOO , *SOUND symbolism , *SYMBOLISM , *SIMILARITY (Psychology) - Abstract
In this article, we present and analyse phonaesthemic alternations as they appear in Flemish dialects of Dutch, that is when a root-initial consonant or consonant cluster is replaced by a post-alveolar affricate /ʧ/ or /ʤ/ in order to create a phonaesthemically marked variant of a neutral base word. Although no longer productive in Flemish dialects, we show that such phonaesthemic alternations exhibit strong functional similarities to those found in other languages, in particular the evaluative notions of diminutivity and augmentativity. We also show that, formally speaking, Flemish phonaesthemic alternations differ from those attested in other languages in only targeting a single consonant or consonant cluster. We then put forward the hypothesis that Flemish speakers may have copied this mechanism to produce phonaesthemic alternations from Picard speakers, corroborating the notion that phonaesthemic alternations may emerge from language contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. In-Field Evaluation of Drone-Released Lacewings for Aphid Control in California Organic Lettuce.
- Author
-
Del Pozo-Valdivia, Alejandro I., Morgan, Eric, and Bennett, Chandler
- Subjects
APHID control ,APHIDS ,LACEWINGS ,INSECTICIDE application ,LETTUCE ,COTTON aphid ,MOSAIC viruses ,ORGANIC farmers - Abstract
Aphids are one of the most economically important pests to California's Central Coast lettuce industry. Aphids vector the lettuce mosaic virus and are crop contaminants in the packaging of the product. Lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the predominant aphid species in lettuce, and it poses unique management challenges forming colonies inside the lettuce head. Current management practices rely on repeated foliar insecticide applications to reduce aphid densities per plant. Some organic growers have explored the release of laboratory-reared beneficial insects to manage aphids in their commercial fields. This project sought to document the effects of drone-released lacewing eggs on lettuce aphid densities in organic romaine lettuce fields. Commercially reared lacewing eggs were released at a rate of 74,131 eggs/ha and organic-certified insecticides were sprayed following their respective label recommendations. Our results could be interpreted as preliminary evidence that drone release of lacewings could reduce aphid densities (15.6–150.0 aphids/lettuce head) when compared to the untreated plots (32.1–257.9 aphids/lettuce head). Aphid densities were also decreased after the application of foliar organic-certified insecticides (11.77–143.5). Traditionally, the cost of labor has limited the use of beneficials in the lettuce production system, but the use of drones for these releases may make this strategy more attractive. Based on our calculations, spraying an organic-certified insecticide is less expensive (direct operational costs of U.S. $ 116.36/ha) than releasing beneficial insects by hand ($ 185.40) or by drone ($ 176.00) when mimicking the conditions of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Integrating adverse effect analysis into environmental risk assessment for exotic generalist arthropod biological control agents: a three-tiered framework.
- Author
-
Paula, Débora P., Andow, David A., Barratt, Barbara I. P., Pfannenstiel, Robert S., Gerard, Philippa J., Todd, Jacqui H., Zaviezo, Tania, Luna, Maria G., Cédola, Claudia V., Loomans, Antoon J. M., Howe, Andy G., Day, Michael D., Ehlers, Clark, Green, Chris, Arpaia, Salvatore, Yano, Eizi, Lövei, Gabor L., Hinomoto, Norihide, Fontes, Eliana M. G., and Pires, Carmen S. S.
- Abstract
Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) are required before utilizing exotic arthropods for biological control (BC). Present ERAs focus on exposure analysis (host/prey range) and have resulted in approval of many specialist exotic biological control agents (BCA). In comparison to specialists, generalist arthropod BCAs (GABCAs) have been considered inherently risky and less used in classical biological control. To safely consider exotic GABCAs, an ERA must include methods for the analysis of potential effects. A panel of 47 experts from 14 countries discussed, in six online forums over 12 months, scientific criteria for an ERA for exotic GABCAs. Using four case studies, a three-tiered ERA comprising Scoping, Screening and Definitive Assessments was developed. The ERA is primarily based on expert consultation, with decision processes in each tier that lead to the approval of the petition or the subsequent tier. In the Scoping Assessment, likelihood of establishment (for augmentative BC), and potential effect(s) are qualitatively assessed. If risks are identified, the Screening Assessment is conducted, in which 19 categories of effects (adverse and beneficial) are quantified. If a risk exceeds the proposed risk threshold in any of these categories, the analysis moves to the Definitive Assessment to identify potential non-target species in the respective category(ies). When at least one potential non-target species is at significant risk, long-term and indirect ecosystem risks must be quantified with actual data or the petition for release can be dismissed or withdrawn. The proposed ERA should contribute to the development of safe pathways for the use of low risk GABCAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Diminutive and augmentative suffixes in Spanish newspaper discourse: pragmatic-funcional approach
- Abstract
The present article suggests a pragmatic-funcional approach to analyse diminutive and augmentative derivatives in Spanish newspapers ABC, El Mundo and El País. More specifically, the focus of interest is on studying their connotative meanings (emotional and expressive). Special attention is paid to the syncretic meaning of the investigated derivatives according to the context in which they appear. The polysemic character of diminutives and augmentatives constitutes a problem when it is necessary to identify their true meaning. In this case, linguistic and extralinguistic factors (social and cultural) should be considered.
- Published
- 2023
17. The expression of vulgarity, force, severity and size: Phonaesthemic alternations in Reta and in other languages.
- Author
-
Willemsen, Jeroen and Hjorth Miltersen, Ehm
- Subjects
- *
VULGARITY , *WORD formation (Grammar) , *LANGUAGE & languages , *SOUND symbolism , *MORPHEMICS - Abstract
Phonaesthemes are a common phenomenon, but they are generally not in paradigmatic opposition like morphemes are (Svantesson 2017: 6). Reta, however, has a phonaesthemic contrast /l/~/r/, where /r/-colouring of neutral base words signifies an increase in vulgarity, intensity, size or severity (e.g. ɓela 'bad' vs. ɓera 'terrible', -ool 'penis' vs. -oor 'cock'). This paper describes this phenomenon in detail, and provides a discussion as to whether it is best classified as morphological, phonaesthemic, or otherwise. We argue that, although some of the cross-linguistic criteria for phonaesthesia exclude phonaesthemic /r/ from being classified as such, it is not straightforwardly classified as either phonological or morphological. Using Kwon & Round's (2015) criteria for phonaesthesia and derivational morphology, we compare Reta phonaesthemic alternations to similar phenomena in other languages. We argue that such alternations differ fundamentally from both non-alternating phonaesthemes and morphology, and are best construed as a distinct cross-linguistic category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Cricotopus lebetis Intraspecific Competition and Damage to Hydrilla.
- Author
-
Baniszewski, Julie, Miller, Nicole, Kariuki, Eutychus M., Cuda, James P., and Weeks, Emma N.I.
- Subjects
- *
COMPETITION (Biology) , *HYDRILLA , *AQUATIC insects , *LIFE (Biology) , *HISTORY of biology - Abstract
Cricotopus lebetis Sublette (Diptera: Chironomidae) is an aquatic insect adventive in Florida. Evidence from previous studies suggest the insect may have value as an augmentative biological control agent for hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae), but there are gaps in knowledge of the biology and life history traits. To increase understanding of this insect, this study was comprised of 3 experiments. In the first experiment, we investigated the productivity and survival rate of C. lebetis across 6 generations by analyzing our colony data. Then the effect of intraspecific competition on the rates of pupal and adult eclosion was studied by monitoring hydrilla tips in test tubes with varying numbers of larvae. Finally, the level of hydrilla stem tip damage caused by a C. lebetis larva was determined by monitoring tip damage following feeding of a known number of larvae on a standardized number of hydrilla tips. The first experiment revealed the average survival rate of C. lebetis from egg to adult was 16.4%. Approximately a third of the females (30.2%) oviposited. The egg masses had an average of 154.5 eggs per egg mass and an 83.7% fertility rate. Investigation of intraspecific competition revealed pupation and adult eclosion was highest with 1 C. lebetis larva per hydrilla stem tip. Evaluation of the impact of C. lebetis larvae feeding on hydrilla showed stem tips in treatments with C. lebetis larvae experienced 38% higher damage compared to stem tips in control treatments. Overall, this study provided valuable information useful in improving the mass rearing of C. lebetis and predicting the damage caused by C. lebetis. For example, for efficient mass rearing, an average of 1 larva per hydrilla tip should be maintained with the remainder of eggs being used for augmentative releases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. A note on Brazilian Portuguese non-sentential wh-exclamatives
- Author
-
Cruz, Matheus Leopoldino da and Medeiros Junior, Paulo
- Subjects
DegP ,augmentative ,short exclamatives - Abstract
In this squib, we analyze short exclamatives in Brazilian Portuguese, what we call here non-sentential wh-exclamatives. Contrarily to what Sibaldo (2015) attests (that such constructions constitute a CP, hence baring a sentential nature), we propose these structures to be understood as APs dominated by a Degree projection. We propose, following Zanutinni and Portner (2003), that adjectives are the head of an exclamative, and that the augmentative morphology is also able to activate exclamative illocutionary force inside DegP and license short exclamatives.
- Published
- 2023
20. Neuroethics of Non-primary Brain Computer Interface: Focus on Potential Military Applications
- Author
-
Charles N. Munyon
- Subjects
brain-computer interface ,military ,restorative ,neurostimulation ,augmentative ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The field of neuroethics has had to adapt rapidly in the face of accelerating technological advancement; a particularly striking example is the realm of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). A significant source of funding for the development of new BCI technologies has been the United States Department of Defense, and while the predominant focus has been restoration of lost function for those wounded in battle, there is also significant interest in augmentation of function to increase survivability, coordination, and lethality of US combat forces. While restoration of primary motor and sensory function (primary BCI) has been the main focus of research, there has been marked progress in interface with areas of the brain subserving memory and association. Non-Primary BCI has a different subset of potential applications, each of which also carries its own ethical considerations. Given the amount of BCI research funding coming from the Department of Defense, it is particularly important that potential military applications be examined from a neuroethical standpoint.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. OS AUMENTATIVOS NAS LÍNGUAS PORTUGUESA E ROMENA.
- Author
-
Dębowiak, Przemysław
- Subjects
ROMANCE languages ,RESEMBLANCE (Philosophy) ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,SUFFIXES & prefixes (Grammar) ,DATABASES ,ROMANIANS - Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyse, in a comparative perspective, the augmentatives in Portuguese and Romanian, two Romance languages traditionally called peripheral. As theoretical framework, some remarks on the phenomenon of evaluative derivation in general, and the augmentative one in particular, are presented. Different ways of forming evaluative derivatives, as well as the semantic values they normally convey, are mentioned. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the augmentative derivation in Portuguese and Romanian are analysed. Repertories of augmentative suffixes existing in both languages are depicted with an explanation of their origin and primitive semantic motivation. Their other functions and productivity are mentioned too. Also the process of lexicalization of augmentative derivatives is referred to on this regard. Based on this data, similarities, analogies and differences that can be observed in the field of evaluative morphology of both linguistic systems are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Comunicação alternativa e ampliada e o desenvolvimento intelectual de crianças e adolescente com paralisia cerebral no Brasil.
- Author
-
de Mello Gusso, Mariana and Nohama, Percy
- Abstract
Copyright of TE & ET: Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnología en Educación y Educación en Tecnología is the property of School of Computer Science, La Pata University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Neuroethics of Non-primary Brain Computer Interface: Focus on Potential Military Applications.
- Author
-
Munyon, Charles N.
- Abstract
The field of neuroethics has had to adapt rapidly in the face of accelerating technological advancement; a particularly striking example is the realm of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). A significant source of funding for the development of new BCI technologies has been the United States Department of Defense, and while the predominant focus has been restoration of lost function for those wounded in battle, there is also significant interest in augmentation of function to increase survivability, coordination, and lethality of US combat forces. While restoration of primary motor and sensory function (primary BCI) has been the main focus of research, there has been marked progress in interface with areas of the brain subserving memory and association. Non-Primary BCI has a different subset of potential applications, each of which also carries its own ethical considerations. Given the amount of BCI research funding coming from the Department of Defense, it is particularly important that potential military applications be examined from a neuroethical standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. HISTÓRIA E VARIAÇÃO MORFOSSINTÁTICA ENTRE O QUIMBUNDO E O PORTUGUÊS NA REGIÃO DE KWANZA NORTE, EM ANGOLA: FORMAÇÃO DO PLURAL, CONCORDÂNCIA DE GÊNERO E FORMAÇÃO DO DIMINUTIVO E DO AUMENTATIVO DOS SUBSTANTIVOS.
- Author
-
Lourenço António, João and Osório, Paulo
- Abstract
This research is based on the study of the coexistence of two languages - Kimbundu and Portuguese - in Angola's Northern Kwanza region of Cazengo-Ndalatando. A sociolinguistic observation of the contact and simultaneous use of these languages clearly denotes cases of Kimbundu interference in Portuguese (Angola's official language). This observation is supported by the linguistic analysis of oral utterances directly collected at the aforementioned geographical area, and whose linguistic acceptance judgment was confirmed by one of the authors, a native speaker of Kimbundu. In this paper, we analyze three cases of Kimbundu interference in Portuguese, which indicate morphosyntactic variation in the oral records of Portuguese: plural formation, gender concordance, and diminutive and augmentative noun formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Parasitoid age and host age interact to improve life history parameters and rearing of Trichogramma euproctidis
- Author
-
Parviz Shishehbor, Fatemeh Tabebordbar, Eric W. Riddick, Ebrahim Ebrahimi, and Andrew Polaszek
- Subjects
Host (biology) ,Insect Science ,Biological pest control ,Trichogramma euproctidis ,Zoology ,Biology ,Life history ,biology.organism_classification ,Fecundity ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Augmentative ,Parasitoid - Abstract
Trichogramma euproctidis (Girault) is an egg parasitoid under consideration for mass production and augmentative biological control of major lepidopteran pests in Iran and other countries. The main...
- Published
- 2021
26. The neural resource allocation problem when enhancing human bodies with extra robotic limbs
- Author
-
Tamar R. Makin, Sarah Buehler, Frédérique de Vignemont, Andrea d'Avella, Gionata Salvietti, Simone Rossi, Giulia Dominijanni, Silvestro Micera, Domenico Prattichizzo, Erica Palmerini, and Solaiman Shokur
- Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,design ,feedback ,Artificial Intelligence ,Human–computer interaction ,Extra fingers ,3b ,Wearable technology ,Augmentative ,adult owl monkeys ,reorganization ,fingertips ,business.industry ,Robotics ,stroke ,Human-Computer Interaction ,cortex ,Resource allocation ,Biological body ,hand ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Robotic arm ,Software - Abstract
The emergence of robotic body augmentation provides exciting innovations that will revolutionize the fields of robotics, human-machine interaction and wearable electronics. Although augmentative devices such as extra robotic arms and fingers are informed by restorative technologies in many ways, they also introduce unique challenges for bidirectional human-machine collaboration. Can humans adapt and learn to operate a new robotic limb collaboratively with their biological limbs, without restricting other physical abilities? To successfully achieve robotic body augmentation, we need to ensure that, by giving a user an additional (artificial) limb, we are not trading off the functionalities of an existing (biological) one. Here, we introduce the 'neural resource allocation problem' and discuss how to allow the effective voluntary control of augmentative devices without compromising control of the biological body. In reviewing the relevant literature on extra robotic fingers and arms, we critically assess the range of potential solutions available for this neural resource allocation problem. For this purpose, we combine multiple perspectives from engineering and neuroscience with considerations including human-machine interaction, sensory-motor integration, ethics and law. In summary, we aim to define common foundations and operating principles for the successful implementation of robotic body augmentation., The development of extra fingers and arms is an exciting research area in robotics, human-machine interaction and wearable electronics. It is unclear, however, whether humans can adapt and learn to control extra limbs and integrate them into a new sensorimotor representation, without sacrificing their natural abilities. The authors review this topic and describe challenges in allocating neural resources for robotic body augmentation.
- Published
- 2021
27. Including people with intellectual disabilities in the development of their own positive behaviour support plans
- Author
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James Breeze
- Subjects
Proxy respondents ,Medical education ,Social Psychology ,Process (engineering) ,Plan (drawing) ,medicine.disease ,Clinical Practice ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Intellectual disability ,Learning disability ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Augmentative - Abstract
Purpose People with intellectual disabilities are not routinely involved in the assessment of their behaviours that challenge, as this is often completed by a proxy respondent and the health-care professional. This is contrary to guidance stating that everyone should be involved in the planning of their care. This paper aims to show how health-care professionals can support people with intellectual disabilities to engage in the assessment of their behaviours that challenge and the subsequent development of their own positive behaviour support (PBS) plans. Design/methodology/approach A non-systematic review of the existing literature on improving the engagement of people with learning disabilities in health-care planning, and specifically PBS planning, was undertaken. Appropriate papers were included in this paper. Findings There are several evidence-based methods to improve people’s engagement in the assessment of their own behaviours that challenge and then the development of their PBS plans. These methods are discussed in terms of their application to supporting people to communicate and involving them in the process of developing a valid and meaningful PBS plan. This is a relatively new focus within the literature, and further research should focus on increasing engagement in the process, as well as monitoring how co-production affects PBS outcomes. Originality/value This paper summarises some of the approaches used to support people with intellectual disabilities to engage in the assessment of their behaviours that challenge and the development of their own PBS plans. This should encourage health-care professionals to consider how to use alternative and augmentative communication strategies to facilitate co-production in their own clinical practice.
- Published
- 2021
28. A scoping review of communication outcomes measures in augmentative and alternative communication.
- Author
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Bean A, Harris K, Kim H, DiGiovine C, and Sonntag AM
- Abstract
Although outcomes are a critical component of evidence-based practice, measuring augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) outcomes remains problematic. This is, in part, because there is no consensus on how to operationally define AAC communication outcomes. To gain greater insight into AAC communication outcomes, we used the communicative competence framework to determine which areas of AAC intervention have received the greatest attention and how these outcomes are being measured. The following data were charted from the 77 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the scoping review: study design, study participants, study communication target (e.g., language, word learning, etc.), and communication outcome measurements. Across the included studies, researchers used a variety of standardized and non-standardized measures to assess outcomes. Seventy-seven percent of the studies assessed social skills and 62% assessed linguistic skills. A limited number of studies measured operational (14%), strategic (4%), and psychosocial (18%) skills. Using the communicative competence framework enabled us to identify gaps in the research that has been conducted to date.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The Complexity of Cases and Nominal Morphology in Awngi Language of Ethiopia.
- Author
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Dessie, Awoke Worku and Yirssie, Shambel Demlie
- Subjects
ETHIOPIAN languages ,MORPHOLOGY (Grammar) ,AFFIXES (Grammar) - Abstract
The article basically examines the nominal morphology of Awngi language. After the Introduction, a review of related literature is given. The body of the paper explains the language with examples. Then, results from the study are presented. The first set of data comes from three of the native speakers of the Language. The second phase is from one of the writers of this article because the concerned language his mother-tongue. The analysis reveals the common rules using tables with exceptions and examples. The examples are also elaborated for detailed understanding. It also assesses the affixation of ordinal numbers. The affixes used in different genders are different. It is true that Awngi is right-headed language because all elements are in the right side of the words. Awngi has no adpositions; instead it is the language rich in suffixes. The presence of plenty of case markers is another characteristic of Awngi language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
30. Diminutives and augmentatives in Beja (North-Cushitic).
- Author
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Vanhove, Martine and Hamid Ahmed, Mohamed-Tahir
- Subjects
- *
DIMINUTIVES (Grammar) , *AUGMENTATIVES (Grammar) , *BEJA language , *NOUNS , *VERBS , *ADJECTIVES (Grammar) , *CUSHITIC languages - Abstract
The evaluative morphology of Beja consists of four devices: gender shift to feminine on nouns, and sound change (
r >l ) on nouns, verbs and adjectives form the diminutives. A suffix-loːj on adjectives, and-l on Manner converbs, form the augmentatives. The analysis focuses on the evaluative, emotional and other pragmatic values associated with these morphemes, size, endearment, praise, romantic love, contempt, politeness and eloquence. When relevant, the links to the general mechanism of semantic change, lambda-abstraction-specification proposed byJurafsky (1996) , is discussed. This paper also discusses productivity, cases where the evaluative device has scope over an adjacent noun instead of its host, the distribution of values across semantic domains and genres, and cases of lexicalization. The corpus analysis shows that the proportional frequency of pragmatic expressive connotations compared to the denotational meaning is higher for diminutives than for augmentatives. Further, with diminutives, positive emotional values are more frequent than negative ones, while with augmentatives attested pejorative values are very rare. The analysis is set within a typological framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
31. A preliminary typology of emotional connotations in morphological diminutives and augmentatives.
- Author
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Ponsonnet, Maïa
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOLOGICAL typologies , *EMOTIONS , *CONNOTATION (Linguistics) , *DIMINUTIVES (Grammar) , *AUGMENTATIVES (Grammar) - Abstract
This article presents a preliminary typology of emotional connotations in evaluative morphology, starting with diminutives and augmentatives. I inventory the emotional meanings and connotations found in a sample of nineteen languages for diminutives, and nine languages plus a few additional regional studies for augmentatives. Given the small size of the samples, this typology can only remain preliminary, but it does highlight a number of points. Across languages and continents, diminutives can express positive emotions such as compassion, love and admiration, as well as negative emotions such as contempt. The emotional connotations of augmentatives are more limited, but display a blend of positive and negative emotions including contempt and repulsion, admiration and respect, endearment and compassion. Diminutives and augmentatives do not contrast sharply with respect to emotional valence (positive or negative), but while diminutives are anchored in intimacy, the emotions conveyed by augmentatives more often relate to broader social contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. La descendencia colectiva, aumentativa e intensiva del sufijo latino -aria en las lenguas románicas.
- Author
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RAINER, FRANZ
- Abstract
Copyright of Verba: Anuario Galego de Filoloxia is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Text-to-speech synthesis as an alternative communication means after total laryngectomy
- Author
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Jindřich Matoušek, Jan Betka, Barbora Repova, Jan Plzak, Michal Zabrodsky, and David Kalfert
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,hlasová rehabilitace ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Laryngectomy ,Speech synthesis ,banka hlasů ,totální laryngektomie ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,computer.software_genre ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,voice rehabilitation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,medicine ,Humans ,Speech ,Laryngeal Neoplasms ,Augmentative ,Rehabilitation ,voice banking ,rakovina hrtanu ,business.industry ,Communication ,total laryngectomy ,Esophageal speech ,Voice prosthesis ,Electrolarynx ,kvalita života ,quality of life ,augmentativní komunikace ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,augmentative communication ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,laryngeal cancer ,Larynx, Artificial ,business ,computer - Abstract
Aims. Total laryngectomy still plays an essential part in the treatment of laryngeal cancer and loss of voice is the most feared consequence of the surgery. Commonly used rehabilitation methods include esophageal voice, electrolarynx, and implantation of voice prosthesis. In this paper we focus on a new perspective of vocal rehabilitation utilizing alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) methods. Methods and Patients. 61 consecutive patients treated by means of total laryngectomy with or w/o voice prosthesis implantation were included in the study. All were offered voice banking and personalized speech synthesis (PSS). They had to voluntarily express their willingness to participate and to prove the ability to use modern electronic communication devices. Results. Of 30 patients fulfilling the study criteria, only 18 completed voice recording sufficient for voice reconstruction and synthesis. Eventually, only 7 patients started to use this AAC technology during the early postoperative period. The frequency and total usage time of the device gradually decreased. Currently, only 6 patients are active users of the technology. Conclusion. The influence of communication with the surrounding world on the quality of life of patients after total laryngectomy is unquestionable. The possibility of using the spoken word with the patient's personalized voice is an indisputable advantage. Such a form of voice rehabilitation should be offered to all patients who are deemed eligible.
- Published
- 2021
34. Controle Biológico em plantas ornamentais: do conhecimento básico ao aplicado
- Author
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Brígida Souza and Rosangela Cristina Marucci
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Integrated pest management ,technological innovations ,Service (systems architecture) ,Computer science ,Inimigos naturais ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Natural enemies ,floricultura ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,floriculture ,Integrated Pest Management ,01 natural sciences ,SB1-1110 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Floriculture ,Manejo integrado de pragas ,inovações tecnológicas ,Control (linguistics) ,Function (engineering) ,Augmentative ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Plant culture ,Reciprocity (evolution) ,010602 entomology ,Agriculture ,natural enemies, integrated pest management, floriculture, technological innovations ,business - Abstract
Biological control is a worldwide trend and has been prominent as an effective and compatible strategy for use in Integrated Pest Management programs. In Brazil, the control of these organisms using biological agents has been used in several agricultural systems, including floriculture. This paper approaches biological control from the perspective of the interaction between organisms in nature, applied as a pest management strategy. Knowledge about the dependence and reciprocity among populations in a natural environment is fundamental to understanding that this control method is nothing more than an exploiting of a natural ecological service. Considering that, for the biological control of a pest we must increase the population density of natural enemies, we report on the two main ways to achieve this increase: conservative biological control and augmentative biological control. The first is done by modifying the environment’s vegetation structure to favor natural enemies’ maintenance or their attraction to the crops. The second is done by mass rearing entomophagous and entomopathogen species with attributes that can ensure their function as control agents when released in crops. Among such agents, we emphasize those produced and marketed in Brazil for application in ornamental plants. Finally, we report on the technologies most recently employed to increase the appropriate use and the efficiency of these biological control agents. Resumo O controle biológico é uma tendência mundial e tem se destacado como uma estratégia eficaz e compatível para uso em programas de Manejo Integrado de Pragas. No Brasil, o controle desses organismos, envolvendo agentes biológicos, tem sido utilizado em diversos sistemas agrícolas, inclusive, na floricultura. Neste artigo, o controle biológico é abordado sob o ponto de vista natural, por meio da interação entre os organismos na natureza, e aplicado, como estratégia para o manejo de pragas. O conhecimento sobre a dependência e reciprocidade existentes entre as populações na natureza é fundamental para a conscientização de que esse método de controle consiste na exploração de um serviço ecológico natural. Tendo-se em vista que, para o controle biológico de uma praga, a densidade populacional dos inimigos naturais deve ser aumentada, relatamos sobre as duas principais formas para se atingir esse incremento: o controle biológico conservativo e controle biológico aumentativo. A primeira, por meio da modificação do ambiente de cultivo de modo a oferecer uma estrutura vegetacional que favoreça a manutenção e/ou atração dos inimigos naturais, e a segunda, por meio da criação massal de entomófagos e entomopatógenos com características que possam garantir sua função como agentes de controle por ocasião da sua liberação nos cultivos. Entre tais agentes, enfatizamos aqueles que são produzidos e comercializados no Brasil para aplicação em plantas ornamentais. Por fim, relatamos sobre as tecnologias que têm sido mais recentemente empregadas para incrementar o uso adequado e a eficiência desses agentes biocontroladores.
- Published
- 2021
35. Effect of Augmentative Technology on Communication and Quality of Life After Tracheostomy or Total Laryngectomy
- Author
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Robert J. Morrison, Anna Blakely, Janice L. Farlow, Kaitlin Vance, Norman D. Hogikyan, Molly E. Heft Neal, Rebecca C. Hoesli, Marie Leginza, Catherine T. Haring, Keith A. Casper, Teresa Lyden, and Michael Brenner
- Subjects
Technology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Quality management ,Voice Quality ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Laryngectomy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,Tracheostomy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,medicine ,Humans ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Augmentative ,business.industry ,Communication ,Aphonia ,Distress ,Otorhinolaryngology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Anxiety ,Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Surgical procedures that render patients acutely aphonic can cause them to experience significant anxiety and distress. We queried patient perceptions after tracheostomy or laryngectomy and investigated whether introducing augmentative technology was associated with improvement in patient-reported outcomes.Participants included hospitalized patients who acutely lost the ability to speak due to tracheostomy or total laryngectomy from April 2018 to December 2019. We distributed questions regarding the patient communication experience and relevant questions from the validated V-RQOL questionnaire (Voice-Related Quality of Life). Patients were offered a tablet with the electronic communication application Verbally. Pre- and postintervention groups were compared with chi-square analyses.Surveys were completed by 35 patients (n = 18, preintervention; n = 17, postintervention). Prior to using augmentative technology, 89% of patients who were aphonic reported difficulty communicating, specifically noting breathing or suctioning (56%), treatment and discharge plans (78%), or immediate needs, such as pain and using the bathroom (39%). Communication difficulties caused anxiety (55%), depression (44%), or frustration (62%), and 92% of patients were interested in using an electronic communication device. Patients reported less trouble communicating after the intervention versus before (53% vs 89%,Acute loss of phonation arising from surgery can be highly distressing for patients, and use of augmentative technology may alleviate some of these challenges by improving communication. Further studies are needed to identify what additional strategies may improve overall well-being.Electronic communication devices may benefit patients with acute aphonia.
- Published
- 2021
36. Finding a Voice for Individuals With ASD Who Are Minimally Verbal Through Comprehensive Communication Assessment
- Author
-
Kristy S.E. Weissling, Miechelle McKelvey, Shelley K. Lund, and Wendy Quach
- Subjects
030506 rehabilitation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Autism spectrum disorder ,05 social sciences ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0305 other medical science ,medicine.disease ,Psychology ,Augmentative ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Developmental psychology - Abstract
Purpose Many, but not all, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a difficult time communicating in conventional ways to express their decisions, preferences, and ideas. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) can fulfill many purposes of communication and support a child to achieve maximal self-determination and agency. The goal of assessment is not to fit the child to a particular device or communication strategy—but rather to identify the strategies that enhance the child's strengths to maximize their independent communication and ultimately their ability to exert control over their world. Method Our method was to combine results from our scoping review of the research literature, observations of videos of AAC assessments being conducted by specialists, and interviews with AAC experts (Lund, Quach, Weissling, McKelvey, & Dietz, 2017) and use these combined sources to extract overlapping themes. Finally, we completed an expert review of the results to verify their validity. Results There are 11 areas, which we found through our research, that should be included when assessing the communication and language skills of children with ASD who are minimally verbal. They are communication needs, current communication skills, language, cognition, symbol representation, sensory perceptual skills, motor skills, literacy, behavior, preferences, and system features. Conclusions It is important to embrace agency and choice throughout the assessment process. Having access to communication through AAC can give children with ASD a voice not only to express their choices but also to increase their self-determination.
- Published
- 2021
37. When is it biological control? A framework of definitions, mechanisms, and classifications
- Author
-
Mukesh Dubey, Velemir Ninkovic, Paul G. Becher, Guillermo Rehermann, Ramesh R. Vetukuri, Mattias Jonsson, Maria Viketoft, Sammar Khalil, Hanna Friberg, Paul A. Egan, Christer Björkman, Johan A. Stenberg, Jose Fernando Gil, Dan Funck Jensen, Ingvar Sundh, and Magnus Karlsson
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Integrated pest management ,Management science ,Ecology (disciplines) ,Legislation ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Terminology ,Ecosystem services ,010602 entomology ,Conceptual framework ,Identification (biology) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Augmentative ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Biological control, or biocontrol, is the exploitation of living agents (incl. viruses) to combat pestilential organisms (incl. pathogens, pests, and weeds) for diverse purposes to provide human benefits. Thus, during the last century the practices and concepts involved have evolved in separate streams associated with distinct scientific and taxonomic disciplines. In parallel developments, there have been increasing references to biological control in industrial contexts and legislation, resulting in conceptual and terminological disintegration. The aim of this paper is to provide a global conceptual and terminological platform that facilitates future development of the field. We review use of previously suggested terms in key fields (e.g., phytopathology, entomology, and weed science), eliminate redundant terminology, identify three principles that should underpin the concept, and then present a new framework for biological control, rooted in seminal publications. The three principles establish that (1) only living agents can mediate biological control, (2) biological control always targets a pest, directly or indirectly, and (3) all biocontrol methods can be classified in four main categories depending on whether resident agents are utilized, with or without targeted human intervention (conservation biological control and natural biological control, respectively) or agents are added for permanent or temporary establishment (classical biological control and augmentative biological control, respectively). Correct identification of what is, and is not, biological control can help efforts to understand and optimize biological pest control for human and environmental benefits. The new conceptual framework may contribute to more uniform and appropriate regulatory approaches to biological control, and more efficient authorization and application of biocontrol products.
- Published
- 2021
38. Technology-Enhanced Dialogic Reading Experiences for Children With Developmental Disabilities
- Author
-
Naomi L. Rahn, Christan Grygas Coogle, and Sloan Storie
- Subjects
050103 clinical psychology ,Vocabulary ,Dialogic ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,medicine.disease ,Early childhood educator ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,Developmental psychology ,Reading (process) ,medicine ,Autism ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Augmentative ,media_common - Abstract
This manuscript describes an early childhood educator working collaboratively with a speech language pathologist and using an augmentative and alternative (AAC) device (iPad™ application) to label target vocabulary during shared book reading as an inclusive practice. The child throughout the vignettes includes a young boy identified with autism spectrum disorder who has limited verbal communication. The focus of this manuscript is using traditional wh- questions within level one of dialogic reading paired with an AAC device during shared book reading sessions. Step-by-step procedures that can be used widely including adaptations and considerations for individualizing instructions are provided. Resources and additional supports are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
39. Iranian Speech-language Pathologists’ Awareness of Alternative and Augmentative Communication Methods
- Author
-
Maryam Malekian, Talieh Zarifian, and Tabassom Azimi
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Medical education ,Augmentative and alternative communication ,Rehabilitation ,Communication methods ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Psychology ,Augmentative - Abstract
Objectives: Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) provides a means of effective communication to individuals with severe impairments in speech comprehension and production. The present study aimed to examine the awareness of Iranian Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) of AAC services. Methods: In total, 111 SLPs who were selected by convenience sampling method participated in this cross-sectional study. Using a researcher-made questionnaire, information on SLPs’ familiarity with the term AAC and its methods; patients who can benefit from AAC methods; the kind of AAC method that could be used per patient, and the effectiveness of each method were obtained. This research was conducted at rehabilitation clinics in Tehran City, Iran. Results: The obtained results revealed that only 8.1% of the respondents were familiar with the concept of AAC; however, 92.8% of SLPs had contact with Patients With Communication Problems (PWCP). Only 0.9% of SLPs were familiar with high-tech devices. Additionally, 88.3% of the respondents were willing to further educational opportunities concerning AAC. Discussion: Iranian SLPs had little familiarity with AAC and the target population of these services. Overall, there appeared to be a lack of AAC expertise within the profession in Iran. Therefore, training these professionals, both theoretically and clinically, is essential.
- Published
- 2021
40. Remote Microphone System Use in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Language Disorder in the Classroom: A Pilot Efficacy Study
- Author
-
James W. Bodfish, Anne Marie Tharpe, and Mary Alice Keller
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Microphone ,Pilot Projects ,Audiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Speech and Hearing ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Active listening ,Language disorder ,Augmentative ,Language Disorders ,05 social sciences ,medicine.disease ,Visual inspection ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Child, Preschool ,Observational study ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Efficacy Study - Abstract
Purpose The present pilot study aimed to provide estimates of the feasibility and efficacy of a remote microphone (RM) system as an augmentative intervention to improve the functional listening performance of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and language disorder. Method Eight children with ASD and language disorder participated. Efficacy of the RM system was determined by evaluating participants' functional listening performance, as measured by an observational measure in RM-off and RM-on conditions. Responses were evaluated at the individual level using an alternating conditions design. Results Adequate feasibility was demonstrated as all participants were able to complete tasks in the RM-on condition. A subset of participants showed significant improvements in their functional listening performance in the RM-on condition, as demonstrated by visual inspection and effect sizes (nonoverlapping data points and percentage of data points exceeding the mean), indicating that there may be important sources of individual differences in responses to RM use in children with ASD. Conclusion The results of this pilot study provide support for future research on RM systems to target functional listening performance in children with ASD and language disorder.
- Published
- 2021
41. Exploring augmentative and alternative communication use through collaborative planning and peer modelling: a descriptive case-study
- Author
-
Amy Young, Sally Clendon, and Elizabeth Doell
- Subjects
030506 rehabilitation ,Medical education ,Social communication ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,Augmentative and alternative communication ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Intervention (counseling) ,mental disorders ,medicine ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Inclusion (education) ,Augmentative - Abstract
A descriptive case-study design was used to document the implementation of a four-phase intervention for a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who uses augmentative and alternative communicat...
- Published
- 2021
42. Biological Control with Trichogramma in China: History, Present Status, and Perspectives
- Author
-
Lian-Sheng Zang, Su Wang, Fan Zhang, and Nicolas Desneux
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Integrated pest management ,biology ,Agroforestry ,Ecology (disciplines) ,Biological pest control ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,010602 entomology ,Insect Science ,Natural enemies ,China ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Trichogramma ,Augmentative - Abstract
Trichogramma species make up one of the most commonly used groups of natural enemies for biological control programs worldwide. Given the major successes in using Trichogramma to control economically important lepidopterous pests on agricultural crops in China, the biology and ecology of these wasps have been intensively studied to identify traits that contribute to successful biological control. Since the 1960s, improved mass production of Trichogramma and better augmentative release methods to suppress agricultural pests have been achieved. We review the history of research and development; current knowledge on biodiversity and bio-ecology of the species used; and achievements in mass-rearing methods, release strategies, and current large-scale applications in China. In addition, we discuss potential issues and challenges for Trichogramma research and applications in the future .
- Published
- 2021
43. Using SALT: Considerations for the analysis of language transcripts of children who use SGDs.
- Author
-
Gat, Savaldi-Harussi and Gloria, Soto
- Abstract
One of the main challenges for SLPs is the ongoing evaluation of the language development of children who use AAC systems. This presentation will demonstrate the process of using and modifying SALT software to monitor a wide range of language measures for children who use AAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
44. PECS vs. iPad Intervention for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review
- Author
-
Toni Ariwijaya
- Subjects
Stressor ,Socialization ,Psychological intervention ,medicine.disease ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Neurodevelopmental disorder ,Communication Intervention ,Intervention (counseling) ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Autism ,Psychology ,Augmentative ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) refers to a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, behaviour and socialization of the individuals diagnosed with ASD. In children, ASD is considered as a high incidence disability since it affects one in eight children. In regard to functional communication skills of the children, effective augmentative or alternative communication process and device is highly important to facilitate positive outcomes. Both Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) and the iPad with its communication applications are considered emerging treatment children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The purpose of this literature review is to compare the effectiveness of low tech intervention (through the utilization of PECS) and high tech intervention (through the utisation of iPad). The study was conducted by selecting electronic articles from several databases which were published between 2008-2018. The findings show that PECS is highly effective for increasing intentional communication skills and independence in requesting and making decisions as well as beneficial for non-English speakers. Meanwhile, iPad-based intervention is beneficial to solve children’s literacy problems, to reduce stressors during interventions, and to increase the children’s effective intra-verbal responses. It is then suggested that teachers, parents and care givers employ the combination of both low tech and high tech interventions as combining the two will lead to better outcomes.
- Published
- 2020
45. Exotic generalist arthropod biological control agents: need to improve environmental risk assessment to ensure safe use
- Author
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Barbara I. P. Barratt, Robert S. Pfannenstiel, Débora P. Paula, and David A. Andow
- Subjects
Entomology ,business.industry ,Agroforestry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pest control ,Biology ,Generalist and specialist species ,Competition (biology) ,Biosafety ,Animal ecology ,Agriculture ,Insect Science ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Augmentative ,media_common - Abstract
Exotic generalist arthropod biological control agents (GABCAs) have been historically marginalized in classical and augmentative biological control due to their broad diet breadth, but an increasing demand for a more sustainable pest control is encouraging their reconsideration. This special issue compiles a collection of papers revealing that risks of several exotic GABCAs were overestimated, not all generalists are riskier than specialists and their environmental risk assessment (ERA) solely based on exposure analysis is inadequate. Three papers demonstrated that generalists were not involved in predicted non-target interactions: generalist idiobiont parasitoids probably do not exhibit interference competition with each other, an oligophagous exotic egg-larval koinobiont parasitoid does not compete with a native larval koinobiont, and an invasive generalist predator does not escape from its enemies. Two innovative methods for selecting non-target species are proposed, one based on existing food web data to predict indirect non-target effects, and the other on functional traits to predict competition with native natural enemies. Also a comprehensive GABCA-ERA method is proposed that integrates adverse effect analysis to the ‘conventional’ exposure analysis. The method was scrutinized by two studies: one suggesting that it could have resulted in faster and less costly decisions on two exotic generalists in New Zealand, and the other suggesting that eight exotic GABCAs released in Argentina might potentially reduce native natural enemies. We hope this special issue will stimulate the continued advance in the biosafety research of GABCAs so their safe use does not stagnate.
- Published
- 2020
46. Using behavioural skills training via telehealth to increase teachers use of communication interventions and increase student use of speech‐generating devices in a high school functional skills classroom
- Author
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Wendy Machalicek, Amarie Carnett, Sarah G. Hansen, and Christopher A. Tullis
- Subjects
030506 rehabilitation ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Psychological intervention ,Fidelity ,Telehealth ,Coaching ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Humans ,Speech ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,Students ,Augmentative ,media_common ,Medical education ,Schools ,business.industry ,Communication ,05 social sciences ,Rehabilitation ,Speech-generating device ,Telemedicine ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,Communication Intervention ,Neurology (clinical) ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,business ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Dyad - Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural skills training (BST) has demonstrated effectiveness in training teachers in evidence-based interventions to increase communication for children with limited repertoires. However, research has yet to extend to youth with developmental disabilities who are learning to communicate using speech-generating devices. The emergent use of telehealth technology in applied behaviour analysis has been associated with greater access to therapeutic services. Although the use of telehealth has been extended as an avenue for parents to access behavioural intervention services for their child, fewer studies have evaluated the use of telehealth for teacher behavioural consultation or with adolescents and young adults with complex communication needs. METHOD In the present study, four teaching staff were trained via telehealth to implement communication facilitation strategies with augmentative and alterative communication users in a high school functional skills classroom. During the coaching sessions, the staff were provided BST on the basic behaviour analytic teaching strategies (e.g. assessing preference, environmental arrangement, and reinforcement strategies). Independent adapted ABAB designs were used to evaluate the effectiveness of modified BST delivered via telehealth on increased teaching staff-implemented communication opportunities within the functional skills classroom and the effectiveness of staff-implemented communication intervention on increased speech-generating device mands for four adolescents/young adults with developmental disabilities. RESULTS The results indicated that the improved staff fidelity of the communication interventions was associated with the increased level of independent student mands for each dyad. Lastly, social validity data suggest that the procedures were acceptable and feasible. These data indicate that the use of telehealth may be a viable model for specialised classroom consultation. CONCLUSION The use of a telehealth delivery model to train classroom staff may be a viable option when specialised support is necessary, but access is limited.
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- 2020
47. Update about 'minimally verbal' children with autism spectrum disorder
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Annio Posar, Paola Visconti, Posar A, and Visconti P.
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Crianças ,Autism Spectrum Disorder ,Comportamento ,MEDLINE ,Review Article ,Pediatrics ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,RJ1-570 ,Comunicação ,Cognition ,Borderline intellectual functioning ,Transtorno do espectro autista ,Social skills ,medicine ,Humans ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Child ,Children ,Augmentative ,Language ,Language Disorders ,Behavior ,Mechanism (biology) ,Communication ,Língua ,medicine.disease ,Communication Intervention ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Etiology ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective: To review clinical and neurobiological features of minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder. Data source: We carried out a narrative review using the PubMed database. We considered the following search terms combined through the Boolean operator “AND”: “autism spectrum disorder”; “minimally verbal.” Data synthesis: To date, there is no shared definition of minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder. The heterogeneity in intellectual functioning and in linguistic abilities among these individuals suggests there is no single mechanism underlying their difficulties in learning to speak. However, the reasons why these children do not speak and the biological markers that can identify them are still unknown. Language impairment in these children can lead to several unfavorable consequences, including behavior problems (such as self-aggression, hetero-aggression, and property destruction), poorer daily living and social skills. Psychiatric comorbidities (including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, specific phobias, and compulsions) consist in a serious problem related to the lack of verbal language in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Although in the literature there are very few evidence-based results, several findings suggest that an alternative and augmentative communication intervention, creating an extra-verbal communication channel, may be effective in these individuals. Conclusions: The exact definition, clinical characteristics, associated disorders, etiology, and treatment of minimally verbal subjects with autism spectrum disorder must still be further studied and understood.
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- 2022
48. THE TYPOLOGY OF STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF INFORMAL PERSONAL NAMES IN THE KAZAKH, RUSSIAN AND GERMAN LANGUAGES.
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Abdrakhmanova, Tolkyn
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PERSONAL names ,STRUCTURAL linguistics ,SEMANTICS ,ONOMASTICS ,KAZAKH language ,RUSSIAN language ,GERMAN language - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Onomastica is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Language Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
49. Lamunkhin Even evaluative morphology in cross-linguistic comparison.
- Author
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Pakendorf, Brigitte
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Cross-linguistic research has shown diminutives to be more widespread than augmentatives: they are found in more languages, attach to a wider variety of bases, and occur more frequently in discourse. Common features of such affixes are their categorial neutrality and the changes they bring about in the semantics of the base. The evaluative morphology of Lamunkhin Even, the westernmost still viable dialect of this Northern Tungusic language, differs strikingly from this cross-linguistic pattern. The evaluative suffixes form a structured set of diminutives and augmentatives with a primary function of size denotation. Typologically rare features of these morphemes are the transference of evaluative meaning from adjectives to their head noun and from verbs to their subject as well as their use to derive adjectives and adverbs from descriptive verbs. These suffixes show different base specifications: some are restricted to nominals, others to verbs, and only one diminutive-augmentative pair occurs with a wide variety of bases; this has also developed disparate semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Factores determinantes para la atención clínica odontológica de pacientes con discapacidad
- Author
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Clara Isabel Larrea Mejía, Alejandra Cataño Valderrama, Angie Paola Arce Osorio, Nathaly Álvarez Arredondo, Leidys Helena Rivera Quiroz, and Daniela Rendón Figueroa
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,factores determinantes de la atención en salud ,Skills management ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Perception ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Augmentative ,atención inclusiva ,media_common ,práctica odontológica ,business.industry ,RK1-715 ,030206 dentistry ,General Medicine ,Clinical Practice ,infraestructura sanitaria ,Dental clinic ,Dentistry ,Family medicine ,Paciente con discapacidad ,Medicine ,Descriptive research ,business - Abstract
Objetivo: identificar los factores, inherentes a la práctica clínica, que determinan la atención odontológica de pacientes con discapacidad. Métodos: realización de estudio descriptivo, de alcance explicativo, cuantitativo y corte transversal; aplicación de encuesta dirigida a odontólogos que ejercen como profesionales independientes, con la cual se midieron variables de caracterización, conocimientos, habilidades, percepción, infraestructura y atención del paciente con discapacidad. También, se desarrolló un análisis descriptivo, correlacional y multivariado. Resultados: no todos los odontólogos recibieron formación para la atención clínica de personas con discapacidad; algunos conocen los métodos de comunicación alternativa y aumentativa y, de estos, una mayoría representativa no los sabe manejar. Sobre la infraestructura, se identificó que esta cumple parcialmente con la normatividad y que la mayoría de los profesionales se sienten medianamente preparados para llevar a cabo esta atención, por lo que el 67,3% (99) afirmó atender esta población con sus protocolos clínicos habituales, pero, el 83,7% (123) manifestó brindar la atención solo en casos de urgencia odontológica. Los factores que determinan la atención del paciente con discapacidad están relacionados con la cantidad de pacientes asistentes, las experiencias negativas previas, las habilidades en el manejo de la consulta, la sensación de preparación y los años de experiencia clínica. Conclusiones: las experiencias negativas previas en la práctica clínica con pacientes con discapacidad son determinantes; para su disminución se sugiere la urgente implementación de técnicas comunicativas, la adecuación de infraestructura y el desarrollo de habilidades para la atención integral e inclusiva.
- Published
- 2020
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