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Introduction: Nowadays infertility is a major problem in the world. Increasing the rate of infertility in the world and Iran led our study to assess the trends in Iranian research output related to reproductive medicine through the year of 2010-2014. Materials and Methods: We used bibliometric mapping and clustering analysis method to visualize representing bibliographic data of Iranian production. All publication data from Scopus was retrieved for 2010-2014. Results: Analysis of data showed that a total number of 3035 papers had been indexed in Scopus through the period of study. Conclusion: The study indicated that scientific production in the field of reproductive medicine had increased in the past 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that fear responses to clearly identified threats can inhibit motion, slowing down gait and inducing postural freezing. Nonetheless, it is less clear how anxiety, which emerges during threat anticipation, affects gait parameters. In the present work, we used a threat-of-scream paradigm to study the effects of anxiety on gait. Twenty-five participants (15 female, aged 23.4 ± 1.8) were instructed to walk on a 5-m walking track, while motion was recorded in 3D, via a VICON system. Four alternating blocks, two "threat" and two "safe" blocks of 10 trials each, were signaled by colored stripes on a screen in front of the walking path. Participants were informed that they could hear a human scream in their headphones at any time during threat blocks, which were in fact always delivered during walking. On the contrary, no screams were delivered in the safe blocks. Results indicated that participants reported higher subjective anxiety during threat vs. safe blocks. Furthermore, increases in self-reported anxiety from safe to threat showed significant moderate correlations with increased stride speed and length, decreased stride time and decreased stance phase duration. Increases in anxiety were also moderately correlated with increased arm/leg swing amplitude, an effect that was fully mediated by increased stride speed. Overall, these results indicate that anxiety invigorates motion in healthy subjects, by increasing speed. These results are discussed in terms of the recent advancements in the understanding of defensive behavior, its neural correlates and on clinical implications relative to pathological anxiety., Competing Interests: Declarations Conflict of interest The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Ethics approval and consent This project has received a favorable opinion from INSERM's ethics assessment committee (IRB00003888—Avis 18–544-ter—25.10.2021) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set out in the Declaration of Helsinki., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Body size reduction is a universal response to warming, but its ecological consequences across biological levels, from individuals to ecosystems, remain poorly understood. Most biological processes scale with body size, and warming-induced changes in body size can therefore have important ecological consequences. To understand these consequences, we propose a unifying, hierarchical framework for the ecological impacts of intraspecific body size reductions due to thermal plasticity that explicitly builds on three key pathways: morphological constraints, bioenergetic constraints and surface-to-volume ratio. Using this framework, we synthesize key consequences of warming-induced body size reductions at multiple levels of biological organization. We outline how this trait-based framework can improve our understanding, detection and generalization of the ecological impacts of warming.

Body size shifts in ectotherms are mostly attributed to the Temperature Size Rule (TSR) stating that warming speeds up initial growth rate but leads to smaller size when food does not limit growth. Investigating the links between temperature, growth, and life history traits is key to understand the adaptive value of TSR, which might be context dependent. In particular, global warming can affect food quantity or quality which is another major driver of growth, fecundity, and survival. However, we have limited information on how temperature and food jointly influence life history traits in vertebrate predators and how changes in different life history traits combine to influence fitness and population demography. We investigate (1) whether TSR is maintained under different food conditions, (2) if food exacerbates or dampens the effects of temperature on growth and life history traits and (3) if food influences the adaptive value of TSR. We combine experiments on the medaka with Integral Projection Models to scale from life history traits to fitness consequences. Our results confirm that warming triggers a higher initial growth rate and a lower adult size, reduces generation time and increases mean fitness. A lower level of food exacerbates the effects of warming on growth trajectories. Although lower feeding frequency increased survival and decreased fecundity, it did not influence the effects of warming on fish development rates, fecundity, and survival. In contrast, feeding frequency influenced the adaptive value of TSR, as, under intermittent feeding, generation time decreased faster with warming and the increase in growth rate with warming was weaker compared to continuously fed fish. These results are of importance in the context of global warming as resources are expected to change with increasing temperatures but, surprisingly, our results suggest that feeding frequency have a lower impact on fitness at high temperature., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aims: Smartphones are equipped with a high-quality microphone which may be used as an electronic stethoscope. We aim to investigate the factors influencing quality of heart sound recorded using a smartphone by non-medical users., Methods and Results: An app named Echoes was developed for recording heart sounds using iPhone. Information on phone version and users' characteristics including sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) was collected. Heart sound quality was visually assessed and its relation to phone version and users' characteristics was analysed. A total of 1148 users contributed to 7597 heart sound recordings. Over 80% of users were able to make at least one good-quality recording. Good-, unsure- and bad-quality recordings amounted to 5647 (74.6%), 466 (6.2%) and 1457 (19.2%), respectively. Most good recordings were collected in the first three attempts of the users. Phone version did not significantly change the users' success rate of making a good recording, neither was sex in the first attempt ( P  = 0.41) or the first three attempts ( P  = 0.21). Success rate tended to decrease with age in the first attempt ( P  = 0.06) but not the first three attempts ( P  = 0.70). BMI did not significantly affect the heart sound quality in a single attempt ( P  = 0.73) or in three attempts ( P  = 0.14)., Conclusion: Smartphone can be used by non-medical users to record heart sounds in good quality. Age may affect heart sound recording, but hardware, sex, and BMI do not alter the recording., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)