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Aim: This study aimed to introduce a biomarker panel to detect pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the early stage, and also differentiate of stages from each other. Background: PDAC is a lethal cancer with poor prognosis and overall survival. Methods: Gene expression profiles of PDAC patients were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The genes that were significantly differentially expressed (DEGs) for Stages I, II, and III in comparison to the healthy controls were identified. The determined DEGs were assessed via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and the hub-bottleneck nodes of analyzed networks were introduced. Results: A number of 140, 874, and 1519 significant DEGs were evaluated via PPI network analysis. A biomarker panel including ALB, CTNNB1, COL1A1, POSTN, LUM, and ANXA2 is presented as a biomarker panel to detect PDAC in the early stage. Two biomarker panels are suggested to recognize other stages of illness. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ALB, CTNNB1, COL1A1, POSTN, LUM, and ANXA2 and also FN1, HSP90AA1, LOX, ANXA5, SERPINE1, and WWP2 beside GAPDH, AKT1, EGF, CASP3 are suitable sets of gene to separate stages of PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antifibrinolytics have gained increasing attention in minimizing blood loss and mitigating the risks associated with massive transfusions, including infection and coagulopathy in pediatric patients undergoing spine surgery. Nevertheless, the selection of optimal agent is still a matter of debate. We aim to review the utility of these agents and compare the efficacy of antifibrinolytics in pediatric and adolescent spine surgeries. A comprehensive search was performed in Scopus, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases for relevant works. Studies providing quantitative data on predefined outcomes were included. Primary outcome was perioperative bleeding between the groups. Secondary outcomes included transfusion volume, rate of complications, and operation time. Twenty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis incorporating 2553 patients. The use of Tranexamic acid (RoM: 0.71, 95%CI: [0.62–0.81], p < 0.001, I2 = 88%), Aprotinin (RoM: 0.54, 95%CI: [0.46–0.64], p < 0.001, I2 = 0%), and Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (RoM: 0.71, 95%CI: [0.62–0.81], p < 0.001, I2 = 60%) led to a 29%, 46%, and 29% reduction in perioperative blood loss, respectively. Network meta-analysis revealed higher probability of efficacy with Tranexamic acid compared to Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (P score: 0.924 vs. 0.571). The rate of complications was not statistically different between each two antifibrinolytic agent or antifibrinolytics compared to placebo or standard of care. Our network meta-analysis suggests a superior efficacy of all antifibrinolytics compared to standard of care/placebo in reducing blood loss and transfusion rate. Further adequately-powered randomized clinical trials are recommended to reach definite conclusion on comparative performance of these agents and to also provide robust objective assessments and standardized outcome data and safety profile on antifibrinolytics in pediatric and adolescent pediatric surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the expression of genes associated to celiac disease (CD) in the target tissue and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) or serum to introduce possible potential biomarkers. Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease induced by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Despite technological progress, small intestine biopsy is still the gold standard for diagnosis of CD. Methods: CD data were collected from public databases (proteomics and microarray-based techniques documents). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PBMC or serum as well as small intestinal biopsies from celiac patients compared to normal were collected and analyzed to introduce common individuals. Gene ontology was done to identify the involved biological terms. Results: Among 598 CD genes in biopsies and 260 genes in PBMC or serum, 32 common genes with a similar expression pattern in both sources were identified. A total of 48 biological terms were introduced which were involved in the CD via the determined DEGs. "Cytokine activity" was the most expanded one of the biological terms. Conclusion: In this analysis, it was concluded that 32 potential biomarkers of CD can be assessed by complementary research to introduce effective and available biomarkers in biopsy and blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Assessment of related genes to colon cancer to introduce crucial ones, was the aim of this research. Background: Colon cancer is one of the invasive colorectal diseases. This disease is preventable and manageable if it be diagnosed in early stage. The aggressive tools for its detection imply more investigation for new molecular diagnostic methods. Methods: Numbers of 300 genes from String database (SD) are analyzed via constructed Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by Cytoscape software 3.4.0. Based on centrality parameters the main connected component of network was analyzed and the crucial genes were introduced. Cluster analysis of the network and gene ontology for the nodes of the main cluster revealed more details about the role of the key proteins related to colon cancer disease. Results: The constructed network was consisted of 300 genes which among them 68 genes were isolated and the 232 other genes formed the main connected component. Ten crucial genes related to colon adenocarcinoma were introduced that presented in cluster 1. Gene ontology analysis showed that cluster 1 is involved in 226 biological processes which are classified in 25 groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, results indicate that the identified key proteins play significant roles in colon adenocarcinoma. It may be possible to introduce a few diagnostic biomarker candidates for colon cancer disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the advances in the control of infectious diseases like cholera, they can potentially cause epidemics, especially in mass gathering events. One of the most important countries on the walking way of the Arbaeen religious event is Iran, which requires health system preparedness. The aim of this study was to predict the cholera epidemic in Iran by using the syndromic surveillance system of Iranian pilgrims in Iraq., Methods: The data of the Iranian pilgrims with acute watery diarrhea in Iraq during the Arbaeen religious event and the confirmed cholera cases of pilgrims after returning to Iran were analyzed. We used the Poisson regression model of the relationship between the numbers of cases to evaluate acute watery diarrhea and cholera. Spatial statistics and hot spot analysis were used to identify the provinces with the highest incidence. SPSS software Version 24 was used for statistical analysis., Results: The frequency of acute watery diarrhea cases was 2232 and the frequency of cholera in pilgrims after returning to Iran was 641. The results of spatial analysis for acute watery diarrhea cases showed a high number of acute watery diarrhea cases in the Khuzestan and Isfahan provinces, located in hot spots. Using Poisson regression, the relationship between the number of acute watery diarrhea reported in the syndromic surveillance system and the number of cholera cases was confirmed., Conclusion: The syndromic surveillance system is useful to predict the outbreak of infectious diseases in large religious mass gatherings., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2023 Iran University of Medical Sciences.)

Introduction: Health and efforts to maintain and promote it have always been an essential priority in various countries. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the health system reform plan in emergency departments in Iran., Methods: This qualitative study evaluated five dimensions (finance, social responsibility, growth and learning, service recipients, and internal processes) through examining 70 indicators in 400 healthcare service providers and 300 healthcare recipients after the implementation of reform plan in ten emergency departments affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences using the balanced scorecard based on comprehensive evaluation model for the health system reform plan in Iran (CEHSRP-IR), from 2018 to 2019., Results: From the perspective of 51% of service providers and 55% of service recipients, the health system reform plan has achieved its goals in hospital emergencies. Significant gap between the ideal effectiveness and the current situation in health services in hospital emergencies was observed, especially in the educational and financial dimension., Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, adaptation of activities and programs to the model proposed for emergency departments in Health Reform Plan is essential for improving its effectiveness.

Background: Due to their specific nature, such as high incidence, high intensity and direct involvement of all members of society, traffic injuries are of particular importance. Through a mega data, this study investigated the epidemiological aspects and depict current situation of road traffic injuries in Iran., Methods: Using legal medicine and traffic police data, deaths from road traffic injuries in men were predicted through determining the most appropriate model for death using time series statistical models; and then most important human factors associated with it in a period of 6 yr in Iran was analyzed using multi-nominal regression model., Results: The frequency of deaths from traffic injuries in the last seven years was 172,834 cases and the number of deaths at the accident scene was 42798 cases, of which 24.24% (41,971 cases) were recorded by the Traffic Police experts. Death rate from traffic injuries has been declined from 38 cases per 100,000 people in 2004 to 31 cases per 100,000 people between 2009 and 2010. Fatigue and sleepiness (AOR=10.36, 95% CI: 8.41-13.3) was the most significant human risk factors for death outcome in the urban and suburban traffic injuries. According to the predictions, the death rate is about 16488 (CI 95%, 8531-24364) for the year 2012., Conclusion: Despite all measures to prevent such injuries, even fatal injuries have still a high incidence. Intervention in the human risk factors field would be more effective due to their important roles in traffic injuries in Iran.