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163 results on '"Baker, Marc A."'

3. Financing Conservation in the Twenty-First Century – Investing in Nature-Based Climate Solutions in Makame Wildlife Management Area

Author

Baker, Marc, Anderson, St. John, Kiffner, Christian, Canadell, Josep G., Series Editor, Díaz, Sandra, Series Editor, Heldmaier, Gerhard, Series Editor, Jackson, Robert B., Series Editor, Levia, Delphis F., Series Editor, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Series Editor, Sommer, Ulrich, Series Editor, Wardle, David A., Series Editor, Kiffner, Christian, editor, Bond, Monica L., editor, and Lee, Derek E., editor

Published
2022
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4. Blood, sweat and tears : the intra- and interindividual function of adult emotional weeping

Author

Baker, Marc and Morris, Paul Haydn

Subjects
152.4
Abstract

Crying accompanies a person's most important life moments, it is a new-born's primary mode of communication, and is found in all cultures at every stage of a person's life. Crying is thought to not only communicate emotions, but to act as a cathartic mechanism that reduces physiological arousal and improves mood. Whilst crying involves different behaviours, it is the visible shedding of tears, known as weeping, which is considered the main component. Despite weeping being the main behaviour, it has received little focus in the crying literature, primarily, due to the difficulty in inducing weeping in a controlled environment. The overarching aim of this program of research is to investigate the role of weeping on the intraindividual and interindividual functions of crying. In Chapter two, we reviewed the emotion induction literature and demonstrate how heart rate responses are dictated by how we induce emotions and not which emotion we induce. The results of this large review are consistent with predictions made by the intake-rejection hypothesis taken from the classic cognitive psychophysiology literature. The intake-rejection hypothesis suggests attending to external stimuli reduces heart rate, whereas, turning our attention to internal cognition, such as memory, increases heart rate. We found heart rate responses in emotion inductions were a product of attention and not affect. We suggest the primary reason for our findings is because laboratory induced emotions are mild. Moving forward, we propose developing induction procedures that will increase the intensity of emotions, this is especially important for laboratory induced weeping where intense emotions are a necessity. In Chapters three and four, we used an idiographic induction technique to induce weeping in the laboratory. We measured multiple psychological and physiological indices including facial thermography, heart rate, respiration rate, skin conductance and subjective affect. In Chapter three, we found episodes of weeping were associated with a large increase in facial temperatures and increased negative affect compared to non-weepers. These changes were in the absence of any major cardiorespiratory or electrodermal responses. In Chapter four, we showed how the suppression of tears led to a physiological stability, whilst, weeping was again associated with large facial temperature increase. The thermal response was influenced by increased sympathetic nervous system activity and was specifically tied to weeping and not underlying affect. Overall, we found no evidence weeping led to any psychophysiological restoration. In Chapter five, we explored the interindividual function of weeping and why tears signal sadness despite accompanying a range of both positive and negative emotions. Context is an important influence of how we perceive the emotion of others. The situational cues provided by setting a context can alter the way emotional expressions are perceived, the Kuleshov effect is a film editing technique creates meaning through the interaction of contextual scenes and actor expressions. We utilised the Kuleshov effect, to add emotional context to videos of weeping targets. We found that weeping was associated with increased attributions of both sadness and the contextual emotion. This suggests the context is having a top-down effect on the judge's perceptions of emotions; however, this effect was present in some but not all judges. Overall, this program of research shows not only the importance of weeping to our understanding of crying, but the importance of weeping in context. We suggest that weeping should be considered primarily as a social signal opposed to having any immediate benefit to the crier. Secondly, by using an idiographic induction technique we were able to generate strong emotions in the laboratory that may help inform the wider debates in the emotion literature.

Published
2019

12. Arizona

Author

Cloud-Hughes, Michelle A, Baker, Marc A., Breslin, Peter B, and BioStor

Published
2015

18. Does suppression of crying/tears increase or decrease physiological reactivity?

Author

Baker, Marc, Morris, Paul, Ioannou, Stephanos, Micheletta, Jerome, and Waller, Bridget

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, Software_GENERAL, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This experiment will ask participants to choose a movie which makes them cry. They will watch this on two separate occasions and on one of the occasions they will be asked to suppress their tears.

Published
2022
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19. Data

Author

Baker, Marc, Morris, Paul, Ioannou, Stephanos, Micheletta, Jerome, and Waller, Bridget

Published
2022
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20. Methodolgy

Author

Baker, Marc, Morris, Paul, Ioannou, Stephanos, Micheletta, Jerome, and Waller, Bridget

Published
2022
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27. Opportunities and challenges for using automatic human affect analysis in consumer research

Author

Ahuja, Anuj, Schultz, Tanja, Baker , Marc, Steinert, Lars, Krumhuber , Eva, and Küster, Dennis

Subjects
bepress|Engineering, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception, General Neuroscience, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology|Affect and Emotion Regulation, spontaneous expressions, bepress|Life Sciences|Neuroscience and Neurobiology|Computational Neuroscience, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognition and Perception, automatic human affect analysis (AHAA), bepress|Life Sciences|Neuroscience and Neurobiology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, machine learning, PsyArXiv|Neuroscience, Perspective, dynamic responses, PsyArXiv|Neuroscience|Computational Neuroscience, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Social Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Personality and Social Contexts, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Picture Processing, PsyArXiv|Engineering Psychology, consumer research, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Emotion, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Social and Personality Psychology, facial expression, Neuroscience
Abstract

The ability to automatically assess emotional responses via contact-free video recording taps into a rapidly growing market aimed at predicting consumer choices. If consumer attention and engagement are measurable in a reliable and accessible manner, relevant marketing decisions could be informed by objective data. Although significant advances have been made in automatic affect recognition, several practical and theoretical issues remain largely unresolved. These concern the lack of cross-system validation, a historical emphasis of posed over spontaneous expressions, as well as more fundamental issues regarding the weak association between subjective experience and facial expressions. To address these limitations, the present paper argues that extant commercial and free facial expression classifiers should be rigorously validated in cross-system research. Furthermore, academics and practitioners must better leverage fine-grained emotional response dynamics, with stronger emphasis on understanding naturally occurring spontaneous expressions. We posit that applied consumer research might be better situated to examine facial behavior in socio-emotional contexts rather than decontextualized, laboratory studies, and highlight how AHAA can be successfully employed in this context. Also, facial activity should be considered less as a single outcome variable, and more as promising input for two-step machine learning in combination with other (multimodal) features. We illustrate this point in a case study using facial activity as input features to predict crying behavior in response to sad movies. Implications of this approach and potential obstacles that need to be overcome are discussed within the context of consumer research.

Published
2020

31. The relationship of gender roles and beliefs to crying in an international sample

Author

Sharman, Leah S., Dingle, Genevieve A., Baker, Marc, Fischer, Agneta, Gračanin, Asmir, Kardum, Igor, Manley, Harry, Manokara, Kunalan, Pattara-angkoon, Sirirada, Vingerhoets, Ad J. J. M., Vanman, Eric J., Sharman, Leah S., Dingle, Genevieve A., Baker, Marc, Fischer, Agneta, Gračanin, Asmir, Kardum, Igor, Manley, Harry, Manokara, Kunalan, Pattara-angkoon, Sirirada, Vingerhoets, Ad J. J. M., and Vanman, Eric J.

Abstract

This study aimed to (1) investigate the variation in self ascription to gender roles and attitudes toward gender roles across countries and its associations with crying behaviors, emotion change, and beliefs about crying and (2) understand how the presence of others affects our evaluations of emotion following crying. This was a large international survey design study (N = 893) conducted in Australia, Croatia, the Netherlands, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. Analyses revealed that, across countries, gender, self-ascribed gender roles, and gender role attitudes (GRA) were related to behavioral crying responses, but not related to emotion change following crying. How a person evaluates crying, instead, appeared to be highly related to one’s beliefs about the helpfulness of crying, irrespective of gender. Results regarding crying when others were present showed that people are more likely both to cry and to feel that they received help around a person that they know, compared to a stranger. Furthermore, closeness to persons present during crying did not affect whether help was provided. When a crier reported that they were helped, they also tended to report feeling better following crying than those who cried around others but did not receive help. Few cross-country differences emerged, suggesting that a person’s responses to crying are quite consistent among the countries investigated here, with regard to its relationship with a person’s gender role, crying beliefs, and reactions to the presence of others.

Published
2019

40. High proportion of cactus species threatened with extinction

Author

Goettsch, Bárbara, primary, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, additional, Cruz-Piñón, Gabriela, additional, Duffy, James P., additional, Frances, Anne, additional, Hernández, Héctor M., additional, Inger, Richard, additional, Pollock, Caroline, additional, Schipper, Jan, additional, Superina, Mariella, additional, Taylor, Nigel P., additional, Tognelli, Marcelo, additional, Abba, Agustín M., additional, Arias, Salvador, additional, Arreola-Nava, Hilda J., additional, Baker, Marc A., additional, Bárcenas, Rolando T., additional, Barrios, Duniel, additional, Braun, Pierre, additional, Butterworth, Charles A., additional, Búrquez, Alberto, additional, Caceres, Fátima, additional, Chazaro-Basañez, Miguel, additional, Corral-Díaz, Rafael, additional, del Valle Perea, Mario, additional, Demaio, Pablo H., additional, Duarte de Barros, Williams A., additional, Durán, Rafael, additional, Yancas, Luis Faúndez, additional, Felger, Richard S., additional, Fitz-Maurice, Betty, additional, Fitz-Maurice, Walter A., additional, Gann, George, additional, Gómez-Hinostrosa, Carlos, additional, Gonzales-Torres, Luis R., additional, Patrick Griffith, M., additional, Guerrero, Pablo C., additional, Hammel, Barry, additional, Heil, Kenneth D., additional, Hernández-Oria, José Guadalupe, additional, Hoffmann, Michael, additional, Ishihara, Mario Ishiki, additional, Kiesling, Roberto, additional, Larocca, João, additional, León-de la Luz, José Luis, additional, Loaiza S., Christian R., additional, Lowry, Martin, additional, Machado, Marlon C., additional, Majure, Lucas C., additional, Ávalos, José Guadalupe Martínez, additional, Martorell, Carlos, additional, Maschinski, Joyce, additional, Méndez, Eduardo, additional, Mittermeier, Russell A., additional, Nassar, Jafet M., additional, Negrón-Ortiz, Vivian, additional, Oakley, Luis J., additional, Ortega-Baes, Pablo, additional, Ferreira, Ana Beatriz Pin, additional, Pinkava, Donald J., additional, Porter, J. Mark, additional, Puente-Martinez, Raul, additional, Gamarra, José Roque, additional, Pérez, Patricio Saldivia, additional, Martínez, Emiliano Sánchez, additional, Smith, Martin, additional, Manuel Sotomayor M. del C., J., additional, Stuart, Simon N., additional, Muñoz, José Luis Tapia, additional, Terrazas, Teresa, additional, Terry, Martin, additional, Trevisson, Marcelo, additional, Valverde, Teresa, additional, Van Devender, Thomas R., additional, Véliz-Pérez, Mario Esteban, additional, Walter, Helmut E., additional, Wyatt, Sarah A., additional, Zappi, Daniela, additional, Alejandro Zavala-Hurtado, J., additional, and Gaston, Kevin J., additional

Published
2015
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41. Arizona

Author

Cloud-Hughes, Michelle A., primary, Baker, Marc A., additional, and Breslin, Peter B., additional

Published
2015
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