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The stability of nanofluid flow in a vertical channel packed with a porous medium is examined for the local thermal nonequilibrium state of the fluid, particle, and solid-matrix phases. The effects of Brownian motion along with thermophoresis are incorporated in the nanofluid model. The Darcy-Brinkman model for the flow in a porous medium and three-field model, each representing the fluid, particle, and solid-matrix phases separately, for the temperature is used. A normal mode analysis is used to obtain the eigenvalue problem for the perturbed state, which is then solved using the Chebyshev spectral collocation technique. The critical Rayleigh number and corresponding wavenumber are presented graphically for the effect of different local thermal nonequilibrium parameters. It is noticed that the influence of local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) parameters on convective instability is significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time has come when we have to rethink our destructive habits, polluting behaviors, and the nature of dealing with contemporary livelihood and lifestyle. To do that United Nations (UN) has formulated Sustainable Development Goal No. 3 ('Good Health & Well-being'). To clean the environment and to save nature, Govt. of India has developed the concept of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). Actually, it is a reform of the Gandhian Mission of Swachhata. Actually, Swachh Bharat Mission is a vast and valid cleanliness program of India to stop Open Defecation (OD) at a public place, to save the women's self-esteem, to reduce the pollution due to Open Defecation, etc. in this way Swachh Bharat is a well-being project of India to make a healthy Indians. Actually, the well-being philosophy is going to be generated by the United Nations and there is no alternative way of Sustainable Development to save the earth. Recently every Govt. should formulate well-being planning to develop their civilization in a sustainable way. Swachh Bharat is not only the project to construct the 100 percent toilet, servicing in India, moreover, but it can also protect the SDG Goal No. 14 ('Life below Water') and SDG Goal No. 11 ('Sustainable Cities & Communities'), and SDG Goal No. 15 ('Life on Land'). Swachh Bharat also indicates to clean the local environment, manage the solid waste. If local people are cleaning their environment properly then the life on land will be saved from different types of pollution and radiation which are generated from radioactive solid items. A case study has been done here on Raiganj Municipality to emerge the actual scenario of the Swacch Bharat and Nirmal Bangla Project. This case study has revealed that people of this town are not aware of the well-being of Swacch Bharat and Nirmal Bangla Project. Total 13 open-air urinations locations have been pointed through field survey and presented proper photographs and map to emerge the real mental health and probable effects on physical health. To success the mission of 'Good health and well-being' only the concept of 'Sustainable Thinking' (the term was first coined by Tapas Pal on 2020) should be promoted at family to global level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The convection in a vertical channel filled with a porous medium saturated by a nanofluid is studied numerically. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are incorporated in the model used for nanofluid. Also, the flow within the porous region is governed by Brinkman's equation. The generalized eigenvalue problem for the perturbed state is obtained from a normal mode analysis and solved using the Chebyshev spectral collocation method. The Rayleigh number is expressed as an implicit function of the wavenumber with other parameters. The critical wavenumber and the critical Rayleigh number are calculated for different parameters. The preferred modes under critical conditions are detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]