20 results on '"Belanger, J."'
Search Results
2. WCN23-0272 DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR CHRONIC INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS IN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES (CINAC) Abstract paid for submission 2022-A-WCN23-0308(200015421639)
- Author
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De Broe, M., primary, Vervaet, B., additional, Herath, C., additional, Jayasumana, C., additional, Nast, C., additional, Walter, C., additional, Tarik, S., additional, Belanger, J., additional, and Nishanthi, N., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Trust in government regarding COVID-19 and its associations with preventive health behaviour and prosocial behaviour during the pandemic
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Han, Q., Zheng, B., Cristea, M., Agostini, M., Belanger, J. J., Gutzkow, B., Kreienkamp, J., Georgios, Abakoumkin, Jamilah, Hanum, Abdul Khaiyom Vjollca Ahmedi, Handan, Akkas, Almenara, Carlos A., Anton, Kurapov, Mohsin, Atta, Sabahat Cigdem Bagci, Daniel, Balliet, Sima, Basel, Edona Berisha Kida, Buttrick, Nicholas R., Phatthanakit, Chobthamkit, Hoon-Seok, Choi, Sára, Csaba, Kaja, Damnjanovic, Ivan, Danyliuk, Arobindu, Dash, DI SANTO, Daniela, Douglas, Karen M., Violeta, Enea, Daiane Gracieli Faller, Gavan, Fitzsimons, Alexandra, Gheorghiu, Ángel, Gómez, Mai, Helmy, Joevarian, Hudiyana, Jeronimus, Bertus F., Ding-Yu, Jiang, Shuxian, Jin, Veljko, Jovanović, Željka, Kamenov, Anna, Kende, Shian-Ling, Keng, Tra Thi Thanh Kieu, Yasin, Koc, Kamila, Kovyazina, Inna, Kozytska, Joshua, Krause, Kruglanski, Arie W., Maja, Kutlaca, Nóra Anna Lantos, Lemay, Edward P., Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana, Louis, Winnifred R., Adrian, Lueders, Najma, Malik, Anton, Martinez, Mccabe, Kira O., Jasmina, Mehulić, Mirra Noor Milla, Idris, Mohammed, Erica, Molinario, Manuel, Moyano, Hayat, Muhammad, Mula, Silvana, Hamdi, Muluk, Solomiia, Myroniuk, Reza, Najafi, Nisa, Claudia F., Boglárka, Nyúl, O'Keefe, Paul A., Jose Javier Olivas Osuna, Osin, Evgeny N., Joonha, Park, Gennaro, Pica, Pierro, Antonio, Jonas, Rees, Anne Margit Reitsema, Resta, Elena, Angelo, Romano, Marika, Rullo, Ryan, Michelle K., Adil, Samekin, Pekka, Santtila, Edyta, Sasin, Birga Mareen Schumpe, Heyla, A Selim, Giuliana, Spadaro, Michael Vicente Stanton, Wolfgang, Stroebe, Samiah, Sultana, Sutton, Robbie M., Eleftheria, Tseliou, Akira, Utsugi, Jolien Anne van Breen, van Lissa, Caspar J., Kees Van Veen, Vandellen, Michelle R., Alexandra, Vázquez, Robin, Wollast, Victoria Wai-lan Yeung, Somayeh, Zand, Iris Lav Žeželj, Andreas, Zick, Claudia, Zúñiga, Pontus, Leander., Social Psychology, and Developmental Psychology
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Longitudinal study ,SATISFACTION ,Public policy ,BF ,Trust ,Structural equation modeling ,Compliance (psychology) ,LESSONS ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Pandemic ,050602 political science & public administration ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Trust in government ,COVID-19, Health Behaviours ,Pro-social Behaviours ,Baseline (configuration management) ,Applied Psychology ,Government ,CONSEQUENCES ,POLITICAL RELEVANCE ,Health Behaviours ,05 social sciences ,GOVERNANCE ,0506 political science ,Coronavirus ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Prosocial behavior ,Health ,PUBLIC-HEALTH ,Original Article ,Psychology ,DIFFICULTIES ,PsyCorona ,Covid-19 - Abstract
BackgroundThe effective implementation of government policies and measures for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires compliance from the public. This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of trust in government regarding COVID-19 control with the adoption of recommended health behaviours and prosocial behaviours, and potential determinants of trust in government during the pandemic.MethodsThis study analysed data from the PsyCorona Survey, an international project on COVID-19 that included 23 733 participants from 23 countries (representative in age and gender distributions by country) at baseline survey and 7785 participants who also completed follow-up surveys. Specification curve analysis was used to examine concurrent associations between trust in government and self-reported behaviours. We further used structural equation model to explore potential determinants of trust in government. Multilevel linear regressions were used to examine associations between baseline trust and longitudinal behavioural changes.ResultsHigher trust in government regarding COVID-19 control was significantly associated with higher adoption of health behaviours (handwashing, avoiding crowded space, self-quarantine) and prosocial behaviours in specification curve analyses (median standardised β = 0.173 and 0.229, p < 0.001). Government perceived as well organised, disseminating clear messages and knowledge on COVID-19, and perceived fairness were positively associated with trust in government (standardised β = 0.358, 0.230, 0.056, and 0.249, p < 0.01). Higher trust at baseline survey was significantly associated with lower rate of decline in health behaviours over time (p for interaction = 0.001).ConclusionsThese results highlighted the importance of trust in government in the control of COVID-19.
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- 2023
4. Cooperation and Trust Across Societies During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Romano, A., Spadaro, G., Balliet, D., Joireman, J., Van Lissa, C., Jin, S., Agostini, M., Belanger, J. J., Gutzkow, B., Kreienkamp, J., Georgios, Abakoumkin, Jamilah, Hanum, Abdul Khaiyom Vjollca Ahmedi, Handan, Akkas, Almenara, Carlos A., Anton, Kurapov, Mohsin, Atta, Sabahat Cigdem Bagci, Sima, Basel, Edona Berisha Kida, Buttrick, Nicholas R., Phatthanakit, Chobthamkit, Hoon-Seok, Choi, Mioara, Cristea, Sára, Csaba, Kaja, Damnjanovic, Ivan, Danyliuk, Arobindu, Dash, DI SANTO, Daniela, Douglas, Karen M., Violeta, Enea, Daiane Gracieli Faller, Gavan, Fitzsimons, Alexandra, Gheorghiu, Ángel, Gómez, Qing, Han, Mai, Helmy, Joevarian, Hudiyana, Jeronimus, Bertus F., Ding-Yu, Jiang, Veljko, Jovanović, Željka, Kamenov, Anna, Kende, Shian-Ling, Keng, Tra Thi Thanh Kieu, Yasin, Koc, Kamila, Kovyazina, Inna, Kozytska, Joshua, Krause, Kruglanski, Arie W., Maja, Kutlaca, Nóra Anna Lantos, Lemay, Edward P., Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana, Louis, Winnifred R., Adrian, Lueders, Najma, Malik, Anton, Martinez, Mccabe, Kira O., Jasmina, Mehulić, Mirra Noor Milla, Idris, Mohammed, Erica, Molinario, Manuel, Moyano, Hayat, Muhammad, Mula, Silvana, Hamdi, Muluk, Solomiia, Myroniuk, Reza, Najafi, Nisa, Claudia F., Boglárka, Nyúl, O'Keefe, Paul A., Jose Javier Olivas Osuna, Osin, Evgeny N., Joonha, Park, Gennaro, Pica, Pierro, Antonio, Jonas, Rees, Anne Margit Reitsema, Resta, Elena, Marika, Rullo, Ryan, Michelle K., Adil, Samekin, Pekka, Santtila, Edyta, Sasin, Birga Mareen Schumpe, Heyla, A Selim, Michael Vicente Stanton, Wolfgang, Stroebe, Samiah, Sultana, Sutton, Robbie M., Eleftheria, Tseliou, Akira, Utsugi, Jolien Anne van Breen, Kees Van Veen, Vandellen, Michelle R., Alexandra, Vázquez, Robin, Wollast, Victoria Wai-lan Yeung, Somayeh, Zand, Iris Lav Žeželj, Bang, Zheng, Andreas, Zick, Claudia, Zúñiga, Leander, N. P., Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), and IBBA
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Cultural Studies ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Social Psychology ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,cooperation ,050109 social psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Covid ,SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals ,Pandemic ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,institutions ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,COVID-19 ,trust ,Social dilemma ,Public relations ,Public good ,social dilemmas ,culture ,Anthropology ,Key (cryptography) ,business ,Psychology ,PsyCorona - Abstract
Cross-societal differences in cooperation and trust among strangers in the provision of public goods may be key to understanding how societies are managing the COVID-19 pandemic. We report a survey conducted across 41 societies between March and May 2020 (N = 34,526), and test pre-registered hypotheses about how cross-societal differences in cooperation and trust relate to prosocial COVID-19 responses (e.g., social distancing), stringency of policies, and support for behavioral regulations (e.g., mandatory quarantine). We further tested whether cross-societal variation in institutions and ecologies theorized to impact cooperation were associated with prosocial COVID-19 responses, including institutional quality, religiosity, and historical prevalence of pathogens. We found substantial variation across societies in prosocial COVID-19 responses, stringency of policies, and support for behavioral regulations. However, we found no consistent evidence to support the idea that cross-societal variation in cooperation and trust among strangers is associated with these outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These results were replicated with another independent cross-cultural COVID-19 dataset (N = 112,136), and in both snowball and representative samples. We discuss implications of our results, including challenging the assumption that managing the COVID-19 pandemic across societies is best modeled as a public goods dilemma.
- Published
- 2021
5. The outcome and long-term follow-up of 94 patients with recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infection using single to multiple fecal microbiota transplantation via retention enema
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Lee, C. H., Belanger, J. E., Kassam, Z., Smieja, M., Higgins, D., Broukhanski, G., and Kim, P. T.
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- 2014
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6. Sea ice forecast verification in the Canadian Global Ice Ocean Prediction System
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Smith, G., Roy, F., Reszka, M., Colan, D., He, Z., Deacu, D., Belanger, J., Skachko, S., Liu, Y., Dupont, F., Lemieux, J., Beaudoin, C., Tranchant, B., Drevillon, M., Garric, G., Testut, C., Lellouche, J., Pellerin, P., Ritchie, H., Lu, Y., Davidson, F., Buehner, M., Caya, A., and Lajoie, M.
- Abstract
Recent increases in marine traffic in the Arctic have amplified the demand for reliable ice and marine environmental predictions. This article presents the verification of ice forecast skill from a new system implemented recently at the Canadian Meteorological Centre called the Global Ice Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS). GIOPS provides daily global ice and ocean analyses and 10-day forecasts on a 1/4°-resolution grid. GIOPS includes a multivariate ocean data assimilation system that combines satellite observations of sea-level anomaly and sea-surface temperature (SST) together with in situ observations of temperature and salinity. Ice analyses are produced using a 3D-Var method that assimilates satellite observations from SSM/I and SSMIS together with manual analyses from the Canadian Ice Service. Analyses of total ice concentration are projected onto the thickness categories used in the ice model using spatially and temporally varying weighting functions derived from ice model tendencies. This method may reduce deleterious impacts on the ice thickness distribution when assimilating ice concentration, as it can directly modulate (and reverse) nonlinear processes such as ice deformation. An objective verification of sea ice forecasts is made using two methods: analysis-based error assessment focusing on the marginal ice zone, and a contingency table approach to evaluate ice extent as compared to an independent analysis. Together the methods demonstrate a consistent picture of skilful medium-range forecasts in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres as compared to persistence. Using the contingency table approach, GIOPS forecasts show a significant open-water bias during spring and summer. However, this bias depends on the choice of threshold used. Ice forecast skill is found to be highly sensitive to the assimilation of SST near the ice edge. Improved observational coverage in these areas (including salinity) would be extremely valuable for further improvement in ice forecast skill.
- Published
- 2016
7. Governance and Adaptation to Innovative Modes of Higher Education Provision
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McGrath Hoareau, C., Hofman, J., Bajzikova, L., Lasakova, A., Sasso, S., Pankowska, P.K.P., Belanger, J., Florea, S., and Krivograd, J.
- Abstract
At a time when more students than ever are attending higher education, its provision is becoming more fluid, global and competitive. For example, developments in new technologies mean that higher education institutions (HEIs) can make their courses available all over the world. These developments bring into question the traditional delivery model of higher education institutions, which tends to be confined to physical — and hence geographically defined — course offerings.This report examines innovative modes of higher education provision, as well as ways in which the management and governance of higher education are changing in support of innovations in higher education provision. As such, it ties in with the European Commission's objectives to enhance the quality of higher education in an environment where globalisation and the attractiveness of the European higher education area need to be reinforced.This report also issues policy recommendations regarding the governance and management of new modes of higher education provision in order to enhance the attractiveness and relevance of European higher education and to increase the strategic capacities of HEIs to manage resources efficiently and effectively. Finally, it also promotes an awareness of the importance of cultural and linguistic diversity within Europe by bringing together a team of researchers representing varied backgrounds, organisational cultures and experiences.
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- 2016
8. LARGE-SCALE ASSESSMENT OF PLATELET DIFFERENTIAL SECRETION
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Fleury, S., Boukhatem, I., Bélanger, J., Welman, M., and Lordkipanidzé, M.
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- 2019
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9. ASSOCIATION OF PLATELET ACTIVITY WITH CIRCULATING LEVELS OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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Bélanger, J., Le Blanc, J., Fleury, S., Welman, M., Boukhatem, I., Lordkipanidzé, M., D'Antono, B., and Starnino, L.
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- 2019
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10. A climatology of easterly waves in the tropical Western Hemisphere
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Belanger, J. I., primary, Jelinek, M. T., additional, and Curry, J. A., additional
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- 2016
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11. 0329 Genome-wide association study for loci associated with digital dermatitis and pododermatitis circumscripta in Holstein cattle
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Oberbauer, A. M., primary, Danner, A. L., additional, Belanger, J. M., additional, Famula, T. R., additional, and Heguy, J. M., additional
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- 2016
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12. Ten inherited disorders in purebred dogs by functional breed groupings
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Oberbauer, A. M., primary, Belanger, J. M., additional, Bellumori, T., additional, Bannasch, D. L., additional, and Famula, T. R., additional
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- 2015
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13. ACS Central Region Meeting, Green Bay.
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Belanger, J. D.
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The article discusses the highlights of the American Conifer Society (ACS) in Green Bay, Wisconsin from July 10-11, 2015 such as the horticultural achievements at the Nursery and JN Plant Selections, the presence of 200 conifer cultivars at the Gene and Betty Arendt Garden and the Kaster Garden in the U.S.
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- 2015
14. Effect of neuter status on inherited conditions in dogs.
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Belanger, J. M., Bellumori, T. P., Bannasch, D. L., Famula, T. R., and Oberbauer, A. M.
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CASTRATION ,DOG behavior ,GENETIC disorders ,DISEASE risk factors - Published
- 2017
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15. A hybrid automated event adjudication system for clinical trials.
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Yuan F, Bosch J, Eikelboom J, Dagenais GR, Connolly S, Belanger J, Marsden T, Tang C, Swaminathan B, Renters M, Dyal L, and Bangdiwala SI
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- Humans, Rivaroxaban therapeutic use, Factor Xa therapeutic use, Factor Xa Inhibitors therapeutic use, Double-Blind Method, Aspirin therapeutic use, Embolic Stroke complications, Embolic Stroke drug therapy, Stroke prevention & control, Stroke drug therapy, Embolism complications, Embolism drug therapy, Myocardial Infarction drug therapy
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Introduction: In clinical trials, event adjudication is a process to review and confirm the accuracy of outcomes reported by site investigators. Despite efforts to automate the communication between a clinical-data-and-coordination center and an event adjudication committee, the review and confirmation of outcomes, as the core function of the process, still fully rely on human labor. To address this issue, we present an automated event adjudication system and its application in two randomized controlled trials., Methods: Centrally executed by a clinical-data-and-coordination center, the automated event adjudication system automatedly assessed and classified outcomes in a clinical data management system. By checking clinically predefined criteria, the automated event adjudication system either confirmed or unconfirmed an outcome and automatedly updated its status in the database. It also served as a management tool to assist staff to oversee the process of event adjudication. The system has been applied in: (1) the Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies (COMPASS) trial and (2) the New Approach riVaroxaban Inhibition of Factor Xa in a Global trial versus Aspirin to prevenT Embolism in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (NAVIGATE ESUS) trial. The automated event adjudication system first screened outcomes reported on a case report form and confirmed those with data matched to preset definitions. For selected primary efficacy, secondary, and safety outcomes, the unconfirmed cases were referred to a human event adjudication committee for a final decision. In the New Approach riVaroxaban Inhibition of Factor Xa in a Global trial versus Aspirin to prevenT Embolism in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (NAVIGATE ESUS) trial, human adjudicators were given priority to review cases, while the automated event adjudication system took the lead in the Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies (COMPASS) trial., Results: Outcomes that were adjudicated in a hybrid model are discussed here. The COMPASS automated event adjudication system adjudicated 3283 primary efficacy outcomes and confirmed 1652 (50.3%): 132 (21.1%) strokes, 522 (53%) myocardial infarctions, and 998 (59.7%) causes of deaths. The NAVIGATE ESUS one adjudicated 737 cases of selected outcomes and confirmed 383 (52%): 219 (51.5%) strokes, 34 (42.5%) myocardial infarctions, 73 (54.9%) causes of deaths, and 57 (57.6%) major bleedings. After one deducts the time needed for migrating the system to a new study, the automated event adjudication system helped to reduce the time required for human review from approximately 1303 to 716.5 h for the Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies trial and from 387 to 196 h for the New Approach riVaroxaban Inhibition of Factor Xa in a Global trial versus Aspirin to prevenT Embolism in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source trial., Conclusion: The automated event adjudication system in combination with human adjudicators provides a streamlined and efficient approach to event adjudication in clinical trials. To immediately apply automated event adjudication, one can first consider the automated event adjudication system and involve human assistance for cases unconfirmed by the former.
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- 2023
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16. Men's Mate Value Correlates with a Less Restricted Sociosexual Orientation: A Meta-Analysis.
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Arnocky S, Desrochers J, Rotella A, Albert G, Hodges-Simeon C, Locke A, Belanger J, Lynch D, and Kelly B
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- Female, Humans, Male, Reproduction, Sexual Partners, Men, Sexual Behavior
- Abstract
Men, relative to women, can benefit their total reproductive success by engaging in short-term pluralistic mating. Yet not all men enact such a mating strategy. It has previously been hypothesized that high mate value men should be most likely to adopt a short-term mating strategy, with this prediction being firmly grounded in some important mid-level evolutionary psychological theories. Yet evidence to support such a link has been mixed. This paper presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of 33 published and unpublished studies (N = 5928) in which we find that that self-reported mate value accounts for roughly 6% of variance in men's sociosexual orientation. The meta-analysis provides evidence that men's self-perceived mate value positively predicts their tendency to engage in short-term mating, but that the total effect size is small., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2021
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17. Use of Ultra-short Columns for Therapeutic Protein Separations, Part 2: Designing the Optimal Column Dimension for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography.
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Fekete S, Murisier A, Nguyen JM, Bolton MJ, Belanger J, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Wyndham K, Lauber MA, and Guillarme D
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- Antibodies, Monoclonal chemistry, Chromatography, Liquid, Chromatography, Reverse-Phase, Cytochromes c chemistry, Humans, Software, Antibodies, Monoclonal isolation & purification, Cytochromes c isolation & purification
- Abstract
In the first part of the series, it was demonstrated that very fast (<30 s) separations of therapeutic protein species are feasible using ultra-short (5 × 2.1 mm) columns. In the second part, our purpose was to find the appropriate column length; therefore, a systematic study was performed using various custom-made prototype reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) columns ranging from 2 to 50 mm lengths. It was found that on a low dispersion ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography instrument, columns between 10 and 20 mm were most effective when made with 2.1 mm i.d. tubing. However, with the same LC instrument, 3 mm i.d. columns as short as ∼5 to 10 mm could be effectively used. In both cases, it has been found to be best to keep injection volumes below 0.6 μL, which presents a potential limit to further decreasing column length, given the current capabilities of autosampler instrumentation. The additional volume of the column hardware outside of the packed bed (extra-bed volume) of very small columns is also a limiting factor to decrease the column length. For columns shorter than 10 mm, columns' extra-bed volume was seen to make considerable contributions to band broadening. However, the use of ultra-short columns seemed to be a very useful approach for RPLC of large proteins (>25 kDa) and could also work well for ∼12 kDa as the lowest limit of molecular mass. In summary, a renewed interest in the use of ultra-short columns is warranted, and additional method development will be to the benefit of the biopharmaceutical industry as there is an ever-increasing demand for faster, yet accurate assays ( e.g. , high-throughput screening) of proteins.
- Published
- 2021
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18. Effect of mTOR inhibitors during CMV disease in kidney transplant recipients: Results of a pilot retrospective study.
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Kaminski H, Belanger J, Mary J, Garrigue I, Acquier M, Déchanet-Merville J, Merville P, and Couzi L
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- Adult, Aged, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Cytomegalovirus, Female, Humans, Immunophenotyping, Kidney Transplantation adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Cytomegalovirus Infections drug therapy, Cytomegalovirus Infections prevention & control, Mycophenolic Acid therapeutic use, Protein Kinase Inhibitors therapeutic use, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
mTOR inhibitors exert a preventive effect on cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in CMV seropositive (R+) kidney transplant recipients, but their impact during the curative treatment of CMV disease in high-risk kidney transplant recipients has not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of mTOR inhibitors compared with mycophenolic acid in 63 consecutive kidney transplant recipients (80% of D+R-) suffering from CMV disease with a persistent or a recurrent CMV DNAemia. In this monocentric retrospective study, 16 had their treatment converted to mTOR inhibitors and 47 did not. The Kaplan-Meier curves did not show any significant differences in CMV DNAemia eradication (77% vs. 88% respectively; hazard ratio (HR), 1.648 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.913-2.973]; log-rank test, P = .132), DNAemia recurrence (36% vs. 47%; HR, 1.517 [95% CI, 0.574-4.007]; log-rank test, P = .448) and CMV clinical recurrence (17% vs. 27%; HR, 1.375 [95% CI, 0.340-5.552]; log-rank test, P = .677) between patients who received mTOR inhibitors and those who did not. These results were confirmed in uni- and multivariate time-dependent Cox regressions. In summary, conversion from mycophenolic acid to mTOR inhibitors seems inadequate for improving CMV clearance or in better preventing CMV recurrences during severe or persistent CMV disease., (© 2020 The Societies and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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19. On the performance of conically shaped columns: Theory and practice.
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Gritti F, Belanger J, Izzo G, and Leveille W
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- Equipment Design, Models, Chemical, Stainless Steel, Chromatography, Liquid instrumentation
- Abstract
The chromatographic performance (speed, efficiency, and gradient peak capacity for the same analysis time) of conical columns are investigated from fundamental and experimental viewpoints. A stainless steel, conically shaped column (2.1 mm i.d/4.2 mm i.d. × 15 cm long, 0.4° opening angle) was prepared in-house and packed with 5 μm XBridge-C
18 fully porous particles. Its performance was compared to that of a conventional 3.0 mm × 15 cm cylindrical column packed with the same batch of particles. Both Giddings' theory of non-uniform columns and experiments agree and show that, irrespective of flow direction, the conical column is 15% less efficient than the conventional column. Remarkably, Blumberg's theory of band broadening in gradient elution mode predicts that conical columns may outperform conventional cylindrical columns if the ratio of their outlet i.d. to their inlet i.d. is 0.95 and 0.80 for small molecule and peptide mixtures, respectively. The maximum relative gain is marginal as it does not exceed a few percents. The theory reveals that the flow direction should be from the wide to the narrow end of the conical column in order to deliver the highest peak capacity. In agreement with the theory, the observed losses in absolute peak capacity for the same analysis time are 14.5% (narrow to wide end) and only 11.0% (wide to the narrow end) for small molecules (n-alkanophenones). They are 14.2% (narrow to wide end) and only 8.5% (wide to the narrow end) for peptide samples (bombesin). Additionally, conical columns reduce peak tailing with respect to standard columns. They are suitable column technology for ultra-fast gradient separations as they also minimize sample dispersion through the narrow i.d. outlet frit., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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20. Methods of identifying and managing the difficult airway in the pediatric population.
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Belanger J and Kossick M
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- Anesthesiology methods, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Anesthesia, Inhalation methods, Intubation, Intratracheal methods
- Abstract
The goal of this literature review is to provide the anesthesia practitioner with the skill set to detect and prepare for a difficult pediatric airway. The authors have reviewed and compiled information on some of the most common conditions that can predispose pediatric patients to a difficulty airway, such as macroglossia, mandibular hypoplasia, micrognathia, cervical instability, limited cervical movement, maxillary and midfacial hypoplasia, and cleft palate. This article provides an overview of preoperative assessment techniques, normal pediatric airway anatomy, and respiratory physiology. An emphasis is placed on some common syndromes and their related anatomical abnormalities that can compromise the airway, as well as anesthetic approaches recommended to successfully secure a potentially difficult airway.
- Published
- 2015
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