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Subtitles are critical elements in making TV as accessible as possible for people with hearing impairment, elderly people and other end-users that could need this kind of service. Moreover, delay in live-originated TV captions or subtitles is a significant factor in the audience's perception of the absence of quality for the deaf and hard of hearing. This lack of synchronisation leads to poor quality broadcasts because of the inconsistency between images and subtitles presented to the viewer. In some cases, this situation leads to a misunderstanding of the message. Subtitling is a reactive process that starts once a minimum of audio information has been generated and ends when an insertion time, deletion time and text are allocated. Therefore, there will always be a delay associated with this process, related to the audio duration being subtitled and the subtitle production time. Moreover, in live TV programmes, unsynchronised audio and subtitles are inherent to the subtitling process because the broadcasting is performed in real-time. In this paper, the authors present the Synchro-Sub framework for synchronising subtitles with the audio-visual contents for live-captioned TV programs. For doing this, and considering the knowledge obtained in previous approaches defined by the authors, several improvements have been included in the transcription and chronization phases of the framework that increase the percentage of correctly timed subtitles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In Spain, the subtitling service on television for the deaf has been improving in quantity since the General Law on Audiovisual Communication was enacted in 2010. This law establishes a series of quality standards that must be followed in the subtitling process. One of the most relevant aspects of subtitle quality is the speed at which they are shown on the screen, due to the fact that a too high speed (less time on screen) will make them difficult to read and the information hard to understand. In order to determine whether the speed at which the subtitles are being shown is adequate, first, it is necessary to process all the information associated with the broadcast of the digital TV channels including data from different sources. In this research, the authors have worked with the data obtained within the time period between July 2012 and December 2017, that is, with more than 950 million records. This article presents a framework for integration and processing of heterogeneous information associated with the subtitling of audiovisual content from different sources. Moreover, the framework will provide an automatic adjustment of subtitles in broadcasting regarding quality indicators by means of a genetic algorithm approach. The results show that the system is able to estimate the best relationship between the time and size of the subtitles and maintaining the quality levels established for this research. These results have been validated by experts and users of this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]