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There is limited knowledge about masticatory function after the release of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. In this study, masticatory function was evaluated by measuring maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) and chewing efficiency in 30 unilateral TMJ ankylosis patients who were treated with buccal fat pad (BFP) interpositional arthroplasty. Eighteen subjects over 12 years of age were included in study Group A and 12 subjects below 12 years of age in study Group B. Patients in the study groups had completed a minimum follow up of one year after surgery. Control groups C (over 12 years of age, n = 18) and D (under 12 years of age, n = 12) consisted of age, sex, and weight-matched normal subjects. The mean MVBF was measured between occluding molar teeth with a strain gauge transducer. Chewing efficiency was measured with two different coloured chewing gum strips. These were chewed for 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 strokes. Compared with normal subjects, the study groups (A and B) could generate 64.7% (p = 0.004*) and 89.8% (p = 0.121) of MVBF, respectively. Overall chewing efficiency was 88.7% in Group A and 92.9% in Group B (p = 0.014* and p = 0.138, respectively) when compared with normal subjects. The study has shown that BFP interpositional arthroplasty effectively restores masticatory function.

Background/purpose While scan delay may affect the measurements of an occlusal pressure-sensitive film, Dental Prescale II (DPS2), the duration of scan delay was rarely reported in previous studies. This study aimed to clarify the effect of scan delay on DPS2 measurements. Materials and methods Two experiments were performed to clarify the effect of 0- to 10-min scan delay after DPS2 force registration. In both experiments, 11 loads were applied separately on a DPS2 film at 1-min interval between loads. Scanning was performed immediately after the 11th load in the 1-scan experiment and immediately after each load in the 11-scan experiment. A 300-N load was applied with a universal testing machine on 10 DPS2 films in each experiment and the DPS2 film was scanned with Bite Force Analyzer. Load measured, contact area, mean pressure, and maximum pressure were reported. ANOVA and Scheffe test were performed to compare the effect of number of scans and delay scan duration on these measurements with the critical value set at P ≤ 0.05. Results Number of scans had no significant effect on the four measurements studied. However, all measurements, except contact area, were significantly affected by scan delay; the longer the scan delay, the greater the increase in measurements. The load measured showed a rapid increase (13%) in the first 2 min, followed by a gradual increase from 2 min to 10 min (10%). Conclusion Scan delay does affect DPS2 measurements, and it is important to standardize and report scan delay duration in clinical studies.

AIM: Aim of this cross sectional study was to compare the bite force and the individual tooth load among three groups of patients: cases finished with the Self ligation appliance (Damon-Q®, 0.022”X0.028” prescription) cases finished with the MBT (McLaughlin, Bennett and Trevisi) appliance system (0.022”X0.028”prescription) and orthodontically untreated cases using T-Scan® 9.0 version. MATERIAL & METHODS: A sample size of sixty non-extraction cases were divided equally into three groups – Group 1: patients treated with Self-ligation appliance (Damon Q®), Group 2: cases treated with the MBT prescription and Group 3: untreated subjects with Class I canine and molar relationship who were used as the control group. The bite force and distribution of force was measured on the right and left side as well as individual tooth loads were measured using the T-Scan® 9.0 device and inter-and intra-group comparisons made using Paired t-Test, ANOVA and Chi-square test. RESULT: The bite forces were balanced on both the sides in cases treated with Self-ligation and MBT appliance. The Self-ligation finishes were marginally better than the MBT group but the difference was statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION: Orthodontically treated individuals had a better (or more even) bite force distribution compared to untreated participants.

This study was conducted to show the relationship between pain catastrophizing and activity pain severity with bite force and jaw muscle strength in individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Forty-three individuals (mean age 29.79±8.34 years) with a diagnosis of TMER were included in the study. Pain catastrophizing levels of individuals with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), activity pain with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), bite force with a pinch meter, and jaw muscle strength with Lafayette manual muscle testing device were measured. The relationship between the variables was examined with the Pearson Correlation test. Statistically significant negative correlations were found PCS between bite forces (central: -0.519; right: -0.518; left: -0.515) and jaw muscle strengths (opening: -0.688; closing: -0.635; right excursion: -0.609, left excursion: -0.645; protrusion: -0.621); activity pain intensity between bite forces (central: -0.429; right: -0.453; left: -0.451) and jaw muscle strengths (opening: -0.511; closing: -0.420; right excursion: -0.343, left excursion: -0.463; protrusion: -0.471) (p

The natural armors and weapons of the animal kingdom are serving as inspiration in the development of next-generation engineering materials. In this pursuit, seldom considered are the variations in properties across taxa that have evolved to meet their unique functional demands. Here, teeth from six different mammalian species were acquired and categorized according to their bite force quotient (BFQ), which accounts for the allometric scaling between bite force and body size. Selected chemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of the enamel were quantified across the enamel thickness using spectroscopy and indentation techniques. Results showed that the chemical composition of enamel was significantly (P 0.05) different between the Low and High BFQ groups, whereas the apatite crystallinity was not. The enamel of all animals exhibited a spatial gradient in mechanical properties that was consistent when evaluated using a normalized framework. Although the elastic modulus, hardness and indentation brittleness were significantly lower in the High BFQ group, the fracture resistance of enamel was significantly higher in this group, potentially reflective of bite force requirements related to diet and predation. Enamel rod decussation was present in all teeth, but there were differences in specific microstructural features. Overall, these results highlight that the diversity of tooth enamel across species should be considered in the pursuit of nature-inspired structural materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Natural weapons are serving as inspiration in the development of next-generation engineering materials. Tooth enamel is a viable candidate, but variations in the structure and properties of enamel across taxa have not been explored. Here, teeth from six different mammalian species were categorized according to their bite force quotient (BFQ), and the enamel was compared in terms of selected chemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties. We show that specific aspects of the chemical composition and properties of the Low and High BFQ groups are unique, which appears reflective of bite forces associated with diet and predation. Overall, the results highlight that the diversity of tooth enamel across species should be considered in the pursuit of nature-inspired structural materials.

Objective: To evaluate patients’ satisfaction, biting force measurement, and radiographic evaluation of abutment teeth of tooth implant-supported fixed partial denture, unilateral attachment, and conventional partial denture in mandibular distal extension cases. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four participants were selected according to the following criteria: participants with unilateral mandibular distal extension with last standing second premolar abutment; participants having abutments with sufficient occluso-gingival height and good periodontal condition. Participants were divided into the following three equal groups: participants of the implant group received fixed tooth implant-supported fixed partial dentures, attachment group participants received unilateral attachment removable partial dentures, and conventional group participants received conventional removable partial dentures. The evaluation included patient satisfaction using “OHIP14” questionnaires, biting force measurement, and radiographic evaluation of terminal abutments using the ANOVA test. Results: Participants of the implant group were mainly satisfied with their prosthesis than the attachment group, which is higher than the conventional. Regarding biting force measurement, there is a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between all groups, including the implant group and attachment group, as well as between attachment and conventional group (p < 0.05). The conventional group showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) highest mean bone loss, while there was no statistically significant difference between implant and attachment groups; both showed statistically significantly lower mean amounts of bone loss. Conclusion: The tooth implant-supported fixed prosthesis could be considered a superior line of treatment for managing distal extension cases. Unilateral attachment, which is considered an excellent alternative in the case of implant placement, is not recommended.

Objective: To estimate the maximum voluntary molar biting force (MBF) and incisor biting force (IBF) and their relationship to morphological variables in subjects with different vertical skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: Maximum voluntary MBF, IBF, and morphological variables were recorded in 120 subjects (60 males and 60 females) with skeletal class I pattern in the age range of 14 to 24 years. All subjects were divided into 3 groups: Normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent, according to the maxillomandibular plane angle and Jarabak ratio. Bite force measurements were undertaken using a custom-made portable digital gnathodynamometer on the left and the right sides of the jaw in the molar and incisor regions during maximal clenching. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test, chi-square test, and ANOVA test using SPSS version 22.0.0.0 software. Results: MBF and IBF are influenced by gender with higher values obtained for male subjects in all groups in the following order: hypodivergent > normodivergent > hyperdivergent. No significant changes were seen with morphological variables in different groups. Conclusion: Molar and incisor biting forces are highest in hypodivergent subjects and least in hyperdivergent subjects as a reflection of jaw morphology and muscular efficiency. In all groups, males exhibit higher force values than females, underlining a strong gender influence on biting force and facial pattern.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of and potential contributing factors to temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) caused by oestrogen deficiency with a persistent high bite force. MATERIALS AND METHODS A TMJOA model was generated by subjecting 6-week-old female rats to ovariectomy (OVX) and feeding them a hard feed. The rats (n = 12/group) were divided into sham (control); OVX; OVX+hard feed (HF); OVX+hard feed+local-joint injection of 17β-oestradiol (an oestrogen) (E2); and OVX+hard feed+local-joint injection of rapamycin (an autophagy activator) (RAPA)groups. Condyles were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and Safranin O Fast Green. The expression of Beclin 1, LC3 and p-mTOR in condylar cartilages was analysed. RESULTS Tissue staining revealed thinner condylar cartilage, varying numbers or fewer hypertrophic chondrocytes, and lower proteoglycan content in the cartilage matrix of the OVX group. These characteristics were more pronounced in the HF group, but were significantly recovered in the E2 and RAPA groups. Immunohistochemical staining revealed significantly lower autophagic flux in OVX/HF groups and a higher one in E2/RAPA groups. CONCLUSIONS A persistent high bite force could aggravate TMJOA induced by oestrogen deficiency, and the application of oestrogen or rapamycin could delay its progression. Additionally, autophagy may play a role in the development of TMJOA.

The relative contributions of adaptation and genetic drift to morphological diversification of the skulls of echolocating mammals were investigated using two horseshoe bat species, Rhinolophus simulator and R. cf. simulator, as test cases. We used 3D geometric morphometrics to compare the shapes of skulls of the two lineages collected at various localities in southern Africa. Size and shape variation was predominantly attributed to selective forces; the between‐population variance (B) was not proportional to the within‐population variance (W). Modularity was evident in the crania of R. simulator but absent in the crania of R. cf. simulator and the mandibles of both species. The skulls of the two lineages thus appeared to be under different selection pressures, despite the overlap in their distributions. Difference in the crania of R. cf. simulator was centered largely on the nasal dome region of R. cf. simulator but on the cranium and mandibles of R. simulator. It is likely that the size and shape of the nasal dome, which acts as a frequency‐dependent acoustic horn, is more crucial in R. cf. simulator than in R. simulator because of the higher echolocation frequencies used by R. cf. simulator. A larger nasal dome in R. cf. simulator would allow the emission of higher intensity pulses, resulting in comparable detection distances to that of R. simulator. In contrast, selection pressure is probably more pronounced on the mandibles and cranium of R. simulator to compensate for the loss in bite force because of its elongated rostrum. The predominance of selection probably reflects the stringent association between environment and the optimal functioning of phenotypic characters associated with echolocation and feeding in bats., The relative contributions of adaptation and drift to morphological diversification of the crania of echolocating mammals were investigated using two horseshoe bat species, Rhinolophus simulator and R. cf. simulator, as test cases. Shape variation was predominantly attributed to selective forces. The predominance of selection probably reflects the stringent association between environment and the optimal functioning of phenotypic characters associated with echolocation and feeding in bats.

Differing from the extant physeteroids, macroraptorial sperm whales are currently regarded as apex predators of the Miocene seas based on several morphofunctional observations. Here, we estimate the bite force of Zygophyseter varolai, a macroraptorial physeteroid from lower upper Miocene strata of the Pietra leccese formation (Apulia, Italy) using the finite element analysis (FEA). To explore multiple bite scenarios, we set four different load cases on a 3D model of the cranium obtained via digital photogrammetry, considering the temporalis and masseter muscles as jaw adductors. Our FEA simulations indicate that Z. varolai exerted an anterior bite force of more than 4000 N and a posterior bite force of more than 10000 N. These values are similar to those estimated for other marine predators known for their powerful bite. This suggests that Z. varolai might have fed upon medium-sized marine vertebrates like other odontocetes. Considering the significant difference observed between the anterior and posterior bite forces, Z. varolai likely fed via ‘grip-and-shear’ feeding, snapping the food items with an anterior bite and then cutting them with a powerful posterior bite. Other macroraptorial sperm whales such as the roughly coeval Acrophyseter from Peru likely employed the same feeding technique.

1. To compare efficacy of 2mm locking plates with 2mm miniplates in the fixation of mandible fractures and 2. To evaluate and compare the biomechanical function by measuring the bite force at 1st week, 3rd week, 6th week and 3rd month postoperatively in 20 patients divided equally into two study groups.A prospective randomized study was carried out at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meghna Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad from 2019 to 2021 to treat consecutive mandibular fractures where patients were randomly divided into two groups each composed of 10 patients where Group A were treated with single 4 holed stainless-steel locking miniplates and Group B with two 4 holed stainless steel conventional mini plates both maintaining a gap of 2.0 mm system. Later assessment was done using bite force recording postoperatively at 1st week, 3rd week, 6th week and 3rd month and with the associated complications like Swelling, Infection, Paresthesia, Mobility between fracture fragments and Hardware failure.When the mean bite force values in right molar region of group A and group B were compared at 1st week, 3rd week, 6th week and 3rd month, there was statistically significant increase in bite force noted in group A when compared to group B at 1st week and 3rd week (P0.05).When the mean bite force values in the central incisor region of group A and group B were compared at 1st week, 3rd week, 6th week and 3rd month, there was statistically significant increase in bite force noted in group A compared to group B at 1st week and 3rd week (P0.05).When the mean bite force values in left molar region of group A and group B were compared at 1st week, 3rd week, 6th week and 3rd month, there was statistically significant increase in bite force noted in group A when compared group B at 3rd week (P0.05).The study signifies that both the fixation systems were able to provide stability to fracture segments, but locking plate system has provided better stability when compared to miniplates system, hence recommending for more elaborative studies to arrive at definitive conclusion.

Background: Loss of teeth affects the masticatory ability and overall health of the patient especially posterior teeth as they contribute more to mastication as compared to anteriors. Loss of teeth can lead to undesirable consequences and early rehabilitation with any type of prosthesis can lead to desirable changes and thus missing teeth should be replaced as soon as possible. Aims and Objectives: To determine the change in masticatory ability and quality of life (QoL) after replacement of missing posterior teeth by fixed dental prosthesis. Methodology: Maximum bite force was recorded before and after treatment. Also a self-perceived questionnaire was filled by the patient to assess the change in QoL. Patients with missing posterior teeth were included. Patients with acute infections or systemic diseases were excluded. Results: Significant change (p=0.0001) in both masticatory ability and QoL of the patient was seen. The co-relation of both was clinically significant while statistically non-significant (p=0.77). Results were significant for both the studied parameters but co-relation between them was no significant. It is because of the patients perceived satisfaction of the overall treatment. Conclusion: Rehabilitation of posterior teeth improves mastication and also overall oral health related QoL.

The relationship between diet, bite performance, and tooth structure is a topic of common interest for ecologists, biologists, materials scientists, and engineers. The highly specialized group of biters found in Serrasalmidae offers a unique opportunity to explore their functional diversity. Surprisingly, the piranha, whose teeth have a predominantly cutting function and whose main diet is soft flesh, is capable of exerting a greater bite force than a similarly sized pacu, who feeds on a hard durophagous diet. Herein, we expand our understanding of diet specialization in the Serrasalmidae family by investigating the influence of elemental composition and hierarchical structure on the local mechanical properties, stress distribution, and deformation mechanics of teeth from piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri) and pacu (Colossoma macropomum). Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses combined with nanoindentation and finite element simulations are used to probe the hierarchical features to uncover the structure-property relationships in piranha and pacu teeth. We show that the pacu teeth support a durophagous diet through its broad cusped-shaped teeth, thicker-irregular enameloid, interlocking interface of the dentin-enameloid junction, and increased hardness of the cuticle layer due to the larger concentrations of iron present. Comparatively, the piranha teeth are well suited for piercing due to their conical-shape which we report as having the greatest stiffness at the tip and evenly distributed enameloid. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The hierarchical structure and local mechanical properties of the piranha and pacu teeth are characterized and related to their feeding habits. Finite element models of the anterior teeth are generated to map local stress distribution under compressive loading. Bioinspired designs from the DEJ interface are developed and 3D printed. The pacu teeth are hierarchically structured and have local mechanical properties more suitable to a durophagous diet than the piranha. The findings here can provide insight into the design and fabrication of layered materials with suture interfaces for applications that require compressive loading conditions.

Background: Many studies reported using CAD/CAM technology in implant-supported prostheses. However, few studies reported its use in complete dentures. The aim of this study is to compare the Maximum Biting Force (MBF) and chewing efficiency of complete dentures fabricated by conventional, rapid prototyping and milling techniques. Materials and Methods: This is a clinical study with a cross-over design where 27 completely edentulous participants were divided in a random order into 3 equal groups as 1. received conventional complete denture 2. received 3D printed complete dentures 3. received milled complete dentures. Assessment of MBF was performed after denture insertion at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months, using Flexiforce A 301® force sensor. Mixing ability test was used to assess chewing efficiency 3 months after denture insertion. Repeated measure ANOVA test and Paired sample t-test were used with P ≤ 0.05 level of significance. Results: Regarding the MBF, there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in the MBF at 1w, 1m and 3m follow-up periods in all three groups. There was a statistically significant difference in chewing efficiency between 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 strokes and between the three groups (p < 0.001). MBF and chewing efficiency increased significantly (p < 0.001) in Printed CAD/CAM and Milled CAD/CAM groups when compared to conventional complete dentures. Milled group showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) in MBF and chewing efficiency when compared to Printed group. Conclusion: The CAD/CAM fabricated dentures showed better results in terms of MBF and chewing efficiency compared to conventional complete denture.

Objectives: Is to make a radiographic and bite force comparison between stud and double telescopic crowns as two different attachment systems for two interforaminal mini implants retaining mandibular complete overdenture. Subjects and materials: Randomized, controlled, clinical study was done on 20 completely edentulous patients that divided into 2 equal groups, in The first group (study group), patients were treated by two mini-implants (with ball abutments) of 2.4mm diameters and 13mm lengths (in the canine regions) retaining mandibular overdentures and by conventional maxillary complete dentures, in The second group (control group), patients were treated by two mini-implants (with square head abutments) of 2.4mm diameters and 13mm lengths (in the canine regions) retaining mandibular overdentures and by conventional maxillary complete dentures. Results: At the end of the 12 months, a total loss of 0.69 mm for group I (with ball abutments), and 1.64 mm for group II (with square head abutments) was detected. For Maximum Bite Force, there was no significant difference between the two groups at all follow-up periods. Conclusion: Mandibular overdentures retained by two mini implants considered an acceptable treatment modality over the one-year observation period. Ball attachments are more favorable than telescopic attachments, in regard to the reduction of the peri-implant bone loss, while, the type of the attachment has less effect on the maximum bite force.

Effective interpretation of historical selective regimes requires comprehensive in vivo performance evaluations and well-constrained ecomorphological proxies. The feeding apparatus is a frequent target of such evolutionary studies due to a direct relationship between feeding and survivorship, and the durability of craniodental elements in the fossil record. Among vertebrates, behaviors such as bite force have been central to evaluation of clade dynamics; yet, in the absence of detailed performance studies, such evaluations can misidentify potential selective factors and their roles. Here, we combine the results of a total-clade performance study with fossil-inclusive, phylogenetically informed methods to assess bite-force proxies throughout mesoeucrocodylian evolution. Although bite-force shifts were previously thought to respond to changing rostrodental selective regimes, we find body-size dependent conservation of performance proxies throughout the history of the clade, indicating stabilizing selection for bite-force potential. Such stasis reveals that mesoeucrocodylians with dietary ecologies as disparate as herbivory and hypercarnivory maintain similar bite-force-to-body-size relationships, a pattern which contrasts the precept that vertebrate bite forces should vary most strongly by diet. Furthermore, it may signal that bite-force conservation supported mesoeucrocodylian craniodental disparity by providing a stable performance foundation for the exploration of novel ecomorphospace.

Aim: Aim of this study was the evaluate the retention and biting force of conventional complete denture and after placement of a single implant in the mandible for an implant retained over-denture Material and methods Eight completely edentulous patients were selected. A single implant was inserted at the symphysis of the mandible and left to osseointergrate. During the osseointegration period a conventional complete denture was fabricated and inserted. Retention and biting force was measured at insertion and after 3 months of service. After osseointegration attachment was connected, space was formed in the fitting surface of the existing mandibular denture and retention silicon was placed. Retention and biting force were measured at insertion and after 3 months follow-up. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: The retention mean values for the complete denture was 2.420±0.360, however the retention mean values for the single implant over-denture was 6.395±0.289. F=3.80 with statically significance difference between the groups of P 0.01 Conclusion: Single implant overdenture improved the retention and the biting force when compared with the complete denture, this has improved the quality of life and happiness.

Background As oral function requires maintenance throughout life, it needs to be understood across age groups; however, few studies have investigated this in young individuals. Objectives To clarify age and sex differences in maximum occlusal force, maximum tongue pressure, and tongue-lip motor function; and the relationship among these oral functions in junior high school students and young adults. Methods This cross-sectional study investigated oral functions in students aged 12-13 years old, 14-15 years old, and 16-17 years old (S1, S2 and S3), and young adults aged 20-40 years old (YA). We analysed age group differences in each sex and sex differences in each age group. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for each sex using the maximum occlusal force as the dependent variable to investigate the associations among different oral functions. Results In 522 children and 100 young adults, there were significant increases in oral functions with age in males and a significant decrease in maximum tongue pressure between S2 and S3 in females. Maximum occlusal force and tongue pressure were higher in males than in females in S3 and YA; tongue-lip motor function was higher in females than in males in S1. In multiple linear regression analysis, tongue-lip motor function and age group were significant factors in both sexes and in males, respectively. Conclusion Maximum occlusal force, maximum tongue pressure, and tongue-lip motor function increased with increasing age groups in males. Our findings provide a basis for assessing oral function across age groups.

PURPOSE To investigate the relationships among occlusion time, disclusion time, occlusal load distributions, and simultaneous electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the anterior temporalis (TA) and masseter (MM) muscles during centric and lateral movements in patients with unilateral temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain and in asymptomatic control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve healthy and 13 unilateral TMD subjects participated in the present study. The diagnosis of unilateral TMD was verified with vibrational analysis of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) using the BioJVA (BioResearch Associates). Simultaneous computerized digital occlusal analysis using T-Scan III (Tekscan) and EMG activity of the MM and TA muscles using BioEMG III (BioResearch Associates) were performed in the intercuspal position and in right and left excursive movements. In intercuspal and lateral movement records, EMG activity of the masticatory muscles, occlusion time, disclusion time, and bite force distribution ratios were evaluated. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed in occlusion time, disclusion time, or EMG activity of the MM and TA muscles between controls and patients with unilateral TMD in the intercuspal position. In unilateral TMD patients, disclusion time of the painful side was significantly higher than in the control group and compared to the nonpainful side (P < .05). Bite force distribution of the balancing side in TMD patients was shown to be statistically significantly higher values than in control subjects. EMG activity of the working-side TA muscle was higher than the nonworking side TA in controls and in the nonpainful side of TMD patients (P < .05). However, EMG activity of both the MM and TA muscles did not show a difference between the working side and nonworking side in unilateral TMD patients. CONCLUSION In the intercuspal position, there was no difference in occlusion time, distribution of force, or EMG activity of the masticatory muscles observed between the control group and unilateral TMD pain patients. However, in lateral movements, the painful side of the unilateral TMD patients revealed increased balancing side TA activity, with higher disclusion time and balancing side force distribution.

Background In children, stainless steel crowns (SSCs) have become an invaluable restorative option for grossly decayed primary teeth. The crowns are manufactured in different sizes with preformed anatomy which requires trimming or contouring as a necessary step to fit an individual tooth. Initially, this may produce variation in the occlusal contact points yet may not result in pain or discomfort. Little research exists regarding bite force equilibration measurements in children after placing SSC, and its influencing factors such as age and gender. Aim and objective To evaluate and compare the measurements of bite force pre- and post-cementation of SSC using the conventional technique at maximal intercuspal position (MIP) on primary molars at different time intervals and whether age and gender influence bite force measurements. Design Bite force and occlusal contacts during occlusion were made using T-Scan III. Twenty children scheduled for treatment who needed SSCs were included. T-Scan measurements of the bite force and occlusal contacts of the maxilla and mandibular teeth were recorded and analyzed before and immediately after cementation of SSC later 4 weeks during the follow-up period. These measurements were correlated with age and gender influence. Results There was no significant result in the percentage of bite force on the crowned tooth (placement of SSC) at different time intervals. Prematurities were present in all the groups but a significant reduction was seen on the crowned tooth from baseline to 1-month follow-up (p = 0.03). Also, a statistically significant increase in the bite force was seen in >7 years of age (p = 0.006) and no statistical significance among the gender. Conclusion Following the standard tooth preparation, the SSC will continue to appear clinically acceptable for many years. Our study children showed an adaptable masticatory system irrespective of age and gender during growth and development. How to cite this article Aishwarya N, Nagarathna C, Poovani S, et al. Comparison of Bite Force and the Influencing Factors Pre- and Post-cementation of Stainless Steel Crown in Children Using T-Scan. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):46-50.

Brain size is a key factor determining the performance and fitness of an organism; birds with relatively larger brains might have advantages in the utilization of resources and dispersal. Bite force is another important indicator of fitness, and plays an essential role in intra- and inter-specific competition. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted on the head size and bite force of the two sister species, the white-rumped munia ( Lonchura striata) and scaly-breasted munia ( L. punctulata) that differ in distribution range. The results showed that the scaly-breasted munia, which has a wider distribution range, had a significantly larger head size than that of the white-rumped munia. In addition, scaly-breasted munias had a greater bite force; however, the difference was not significant. One possible explanation could be that the smaller head to body ratio in scaly-breasted munias reduced their bite-force slightly. Further, this finding could be attributed to the fact that similar food resources and foraging habitats of the two species lead to a similar bite force. Our study supported the argument that head size, rather than bite force, plays a more important role in the dispersal and evolutionary adaptation of birds.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the possible relationship between mandibular dimensions and bite force.Subjects and Methods: Forty-one subjects (mean age 22.4 ± 1.6 years) were recruited from a...

Aim of the study: This study compared chewing efficiency and maximum bite force between cantilevered and non-cantilevered resilient bar attachment used for 2-implant retained mandibular overdentures. Materials and methods: Eight completely edentulous participants (4 men, 4 women) with atrophied mandibular ridges receive 2 implants in the canine region. After 3 months, each patient received Hader bar with 7mm distal cantilevers and mandibular overdenture with 3 clips (CHB group). After another 3 months, distal cantilevers were sectioned and patients received Hader bar without cantilevers and mandibular overdentures with one clip (HB). Chewing efficiency (using unmixed fraction (UF) in a colored gum) and bite force were measured 3 months after using conventional dentures CD, CHB, and HB. Results: The highest unmixed fraction (UF) was noted with 5 cycles and the lowest number was noted with 50 cycles. UF decreased with the increase of number of chewing strokes. For all chewing strokes, the highest the UF was noted with CD, followed by HB, and the lowest UF was noted with CHB. At 30 and 50 strokes, there was a significant difference between each 2 groups, and HB showed significant higher UF than CHB. The highest maximum bite force was noted with CHB, followed by HB, and the lowest was noted with CD. Conclusion: it could be concluded that both cantilevered and non-cantilevered bar attachments for 2 implant overdentures achieved higher chewing efficiency and maximum bite force than conventional dentures in patients with atrophied mandibular ridges.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the change in the maximum bite force of completely edentulous patients rehabilitated with thermoplastic acrylic complete denture after placement of single implant-retained mandibular overdentures. Materials and Methods: Sixteen completely edentulous patients with age ranged from 50-60 years were selected from removable prosthodontic clinics, faculty of dental medicine, Al-Azhar University. Each patient received a thermoplastic acrylic complete denture. Three months after a new denture placement, bite force was evaluated using an occlusal force meter (GM10, Nagano Keiki, Japan). Each patient received a mid-symphyseal single dental implant, 10 mm length and 3.7mm diameter (Dentis, Dalseo-gu, Daegu , Korea) placed at the midline of the mandibular alveolar ridge. Two weeks after overdenture placement, bite force was evaluated to assess the changes in bite force after a single implant placement. Results: Bite force was increased considerably after single implant placement. It was significantly higher than the bite force recorded with a conventional thermoplastic complete denture. Conclusion: It was concluded that using immediate loading single implant-retained mandibular overdentures resulted in considerable improvement of bite force in completely edentulous patients.

Aim: This within-subject study report to investigate masticatory efficiency and maximum bite force of Locator and telescopic crown attachments used to retain maxillary implant overdentures. Materials and methods: Six edentulous patients (3 males and 3 females) received 4 implants in the anterior maxillary region between the maxillary sinuses using a standardized 2 stage surgical approach. Six months after osseointegration, the implants were loaded either by Locator or telescopic maxillary overdentures in a cross-over study design. Masticatory efficiency was performed using the 2-colored gum mixing ability test. The gum was chewed for 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 cycles, and the images of the chewed gum were analyzed using a Photoshop program to calculate the unmixed fraction (UF). Also, maximum bite force was evaluated using a bite-force transducer. Chewing efficiency and maximum bite forces were evaluated 3 months after wearing each overdenture. Results: The success rate was 100% in both groups. There was a trend for a decrease in UF (ie improved masticatory efficiency) with the increase in the number of masticatory cycles. Telescopic maxillary overdentures showed significantly lower UF (ie higher masticatory efficiency) and higher maximum bite force than Locator maxillary overdentures Conclusion: Telescopic attachments are recommended for maxillary implant overdentures as it had improved masticatory efficiency and maximum bite force than Locator attachments

Bite force is an ecologically important biomechanical performance measure that is informative in inferring the ecology of extinct taxa. However, biomechanical modelling to estimate bite force is associated with some level of uncertainty. Here, I assess the accuracy of bite force estimates in extinct taxa using a Bayesian phylogenetic prediction model. I first fitted a phylogenetic regression model on a training set comprising extant data. The model predicts bite force from body mass and skull width while accounting for differences owing to biting position. The posterior predictive model has a 93% prediction accuracy as evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation. I then predicted bite force in 37 species of extinct mammals and archosaurs from the posterior distribution of predictive models, generating posterior predictive distributions of null expectations given body mass, skull width and phylogenetic position. Biomechanically estimated bite forces from the literature fall within the posterior predictive distributions for all except four species of extinct taxa and are thus as accurate as predicted from body size and skull width, given the variation inherent in extant taxa and the amount of time available for variance to accrue. Biomechanical modelling remains a valuable means to estimate bite force in extinct taxa and should be reliably informative of functional performances and serve to provide insights into past ecologies.

Objective. To investigate the correlation of periodontal parameters and bite force in different stages of periodontitis after phase I periodontal therapy. Methods. Periodontal clinical parameters such as mobility, attachment loss, gingival recession, and percentage of bone remaining were recorded at the mandibular first molar region after phase I therapy in subjects categorized according to the stage of periodontitis. Corresponding bite force was recorded at the first mandibular molar region using a bite force device after phase I therapy. ANOVA test was used to assess the significant difference among different groups. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between measured variables. Results. The ANOVA test represents that there is no statistical significant difference between the bite force in stage I, stage II, and stage III type of periodontitis. A strong positive correlation was found ( r = 0.537 ) between bite force and percentage of remaining alveolar bone support whereas negative correlation was observed in measured parameters such as mobility ( r = − 0.0181 ), attachment loss ( r = − 0.608 ), and gingival recession ( r = − 0.435 ). Conclusion. Among all periodontal clinical parameters, the percentage of remaining alveolar bone is the strong predictor of bite force and mobility; attachment loss and gingival recession cannot predict the bite force in the first molar region. Bite force is variable in different stages of periodontitis.

To prevent single-implant overdenture (SIO) fracture, the inclusion of a framework in the overdenture has been suggested. However, no investigations verified their benefits.To evaluate prosthetic maintenance events, patient satisfaction, and mastication of SIO reinforced by metallic framework users.Fifteen volunteers had a new set of complete dentures converted into an SIO containing a framework. Maintenance events were recorded, while patient satisfaction was assessed using a visual analog scale. Masticatory performance (MP) was evaluated using the sieving method, maximum bite force (MBF) by pressure sensors, and masseter thickness by ultrasound. Measurements were performed 2, 12, and 24 months after SIO use. Repeated-measures ANOVA and paired Student's t-tests (p 0.05) were applied.Matrix exchange was the most prevalent maintenance event (83.6%), and no SIO was fractured during the entire follow-up. Satisfaction with the SIO stability decreased (p 0.01) after 12 months. MP did not change between evaluations (p 0.05). Conversely, MBF and masseter thickness improved after 12 and 24 months of SIO use (p 0.05).Reinforced SIO did not fracture during 2 years but requires maintenance. It improves bite force and muscle thickness, maintaining MP values. Satisfaction with SIO stability decreased in the first year of use.

Purpose. To investigate the effect of minidental implant location on strain distributions transmitted to tooth abutments and dental minidental implants under mandibular distal extension removable partial denture. Materials and Methods. A mandibular Kennedy Class I distal extension model missing teeth 35–37 and 45–47 was constructed. Six dental mini-implants were placed at positions A, B, and C, where position A was 6.5 mm distal to the abutment teeth with 5 mm between each position. Fourteen uniaxial strain gauges were bonded on the model at the region of dental mini-implant and abutment (first premolar). Four groups were designated according to the location of the mini-implants. A load of 150 N and 200 N was applied using an Instron testing machine. Loadings consisted of bilateral and unilateral loading. Comparisons of the mean microstrains among all strain gauges in all situations were analyzed. Results. Variation in mini-implant locations induced local strains in different areas. Strains at the tooth abutment were significantly decreased in the group in which implants were placed mesially. Strains around the mini-implants showed different patterns when loaded with different loading conditions. The group in which implants were placed distally showed the lowest strains compared to other groups. Conclusion. Mesially placed mini-implants showed the lowest strain around abutment teeth, while a distally-placed mini-implants presented the lowest strain around mini-implants themselves. Under favorable biting force, mini-implant is an option to assist mandibular distal extension removable partial denture. Mesially placed mini-implants are recommended when the abutment has periodontally compromised conditions and a distally placed mini-implant when periodontal conditions are stable.

The aim of the current study was to document the long-term clinical results of the use of two prosthetic techniques for the rehabilitation of completely edentulous maxillae according to the “All-on-Four” concept: Fixed, screw-retained prosthesis mounted on a chrome-molybdenum framework with (1) metal-ceramic veneers and (2) Acrylic prosthesis with acrylic resin prosthetic teeth. A total of 34 patients were assigned to subgroups according to their own preference of the superstructure type (ceramics [n: 17] or acrylic resin [n: 17]). Prosthetic complications, marginal bone loss, plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing, bite force and oral-health-related quality of life were assessed over a period of 6 years. Marginal bone loss around implants of the ceramic group remained well within the limits for ‘success’, as defined by the 2007 Pisa consensus over the time (1.43 ± 0.35 mm). However, marginal bone loss was significantly more pronounced around the implants in the acrylic group (2.15 ± 0.30) and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (p: 0.00). Bleeding on probing and plaque accumulation showed also positive correlation with marginal bone loss. Both acrylic and ceramic suprastructures appeared to be equivalent after 6 years; however, ceramic suprastructures revealed superior clinical results in terms of bone loss and plaque accumulation. Current study determines the long-term clinical outcomes of different prosthetic management alternatives in All-on-Four and aids to increase dental professionals’ ability to meet the patients’ expectations.

Decreases in masticatory function are believed to be related to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through inappropriate nutritional intake. This study focused on maximum bite force (MBF), which is an objective, quantitative index of masticatory function, and its association with the development of CVD (stroke and coronary heart disease) was investigated. The subjects were 1547 participants of the Suita study with no history of CVD who underwent medical and dental health examinations between June 2008 and June 2013. In addition to undergoing a basic physical examination at baseline, their MBF was measured. They subsequently underwent follow-up surveys for the development of CVD (mean follow-up, 3.5 years). The association between baseline MBF and the development of CVD was investigated by multivariate adjustment using a Cox proportional hazards model. CVD developed in 32 subjects during follow-up. The trend test showed a significant association between baseline MBF and CVD in a model that combined men and women. When analysed by sex, the trend test found a significant association between baseline MBF and CVD in women. Low MBF, which is an objective and quantitative index of masticatory function, may be a risk factor for the development of CVD.

AIM: The study was conducted to evaluate maximum biting force (MBF) in two different attachment systems (bollard a vs. ball and socket attachment) retaining mandibular overdenture using a split-mouth design. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twelve completely edentulous patients received complete dentures and after adaption of the patient with the new denture, 24 implants were inserted in the canine region using two-stage surgical technique and conventional loading protocol. Six patients received the Bollard attachment at the right side and the Ball and Socket at the left side. Moreover, the other six patients received the bollard attachment at the left side and the ball and socket attachment at the right side. Each patient was treated according to split-mouth design. Insertion of each of the attachment type was assigned randomly. Using occlusal force meter instrument, MBF was measured immediately after loading (0), after 6 months (6), and after 12 months (12). RESULTS: Significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) were obvious in in MBF between Attachment (1) and Attachment (2) immediately after loading (0 months), after 6 months (6) and after 12 months (12) follow-up visits. CONCLUSION: Mandibular implant retained overdenture received Bollard abutment that retained with the denture by the help of resilient liner “Retention.sil”* without housing have higher biting forces than mandibular implant retained overdenture with ball abutment where the plastic house was picked up by monomer free self-cured acrylic resin.

The lasting effect of applying botulinum toxin type A in a patient with bruxism is analyzed using an interocclusal device instrumented by fiber Bragg grating sensors. The case study involves analyses of maximum bite forces and hyperactivity during sleep for a volunteer patient. In controlled, in vivo , assays, the bite force exerted by the patient is monitored when using the interocclusal device. A maximum bite force of ~38 N was obtained before the application of botulinum toxin. One month after the application, the force had reduced to ~20 N (i.e., by ~57%). By contrast, approximately two months after the application, the force had recovered to 90% of the initial value. In hyperactivity assays, the patient slept with the interocclusal device in position, with the biting activity monitored, before and after the application of botulinum toxin. Prior to the application of botulinum toxin, the mean force was ~28 N, which reduced by 25% after the application. In addition, the time interval between hyperactivity events almost doubled after the botulinum toxin application.

Purpose Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJR) requires the detachment of the masseter muscle (MM) at its insertion to the lateral ramus and often the resection of the coronoid process (insertion of the temporalis muscle). There is little literature on how a detachment affects the muscles. The present study evaluates the long-term masticatory muscle activities and maximum voluntary bite force (MVC) in patients with unilateral TMJR. Patients and Methods Surface electromyography of the MM and anterior temporalis muscle during bite force testing and MVC were evaluated bilateral preoperatively (T0), 1 (T3), 2 (T4), 3 (T5), and 4 years (T6) postoperatively. The percentage overlapping coefficient (index of the symmetric distribution of muscular activity) was calculated. Differences between stock or custom devices were evaluated. Results Fourteen patients were enrolled, 4 males and 10 females, age 47.3 ± 14.3 years at TMJR placement. In 11 patients, the coronoid process was resected, 5 patients received stock, and 9 custom prostheses. After surgery, a trend in the improvement of bilateral surface electromyography activities and MVC was found without statistical significance for the side comparison or the time of the investigation. The percentage overlapping coefficient values showed postoperatively relative (>72%) symmetry in both muscles. Up to T5 on the TMJR side, MM showed higher activity when custom prostheses were used. There was no significant difference between stock and custom prostheses. Conclusions The vertical (anterior) fibers of the temporalis muscle are preserved despite the resection of the coronoid process. The anterior temporalis muscle, as a synergist of the MM on the TMJR side, postoperatively partially assumes its abduction function. The detached MM appears to reattach. Generally, the bilateral increase in muscle activity and MVC of both muscles suggests regeneration of the investigated muscles. Custom prostheses seem to have an initial advantage for the reattachment of the MM compared with stock prostheses.

The reconstruction of jaw muscles is critical in establishing potential cranial functions; however, myological studies of extinct groups that have no descendants are difficult to perform and test. This is particularly true for pterosaurs, a group of extinct flying reptiles that present a plethora of cranial morphologies, suggesting different functions and feeding habits. Here we present a first attempt to reconstruct the adductor musculature of the pterodactyloid skull in detail, using osteological correlates and the extant phylogenetic bracketing method. Using these reconstructions, we estimate bite force for nine selected species and investigate implications for potential dietary habits.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate and assess the clinical stability and efficacy of 3D patient-specific computer-guided titanium plates (3D-PSP) for accurate reduction and fixation of mandibular fractures. Methods: Ten patients were selected suffering from mandibular body/ para-symphyseal fractures, treated with 3D-PSP. Clinical evaluation included; Patient satisfaction, Pain, Occlusion and Occlusal Bite force. Radiographic parameter evaluated was fracture gap distance. The operating time was also measured during the surgery. Results: The occlusal bite forces showed significant increase at 3 months (p≤0.05) follow up. The fracture gap distance revealed a mean of 0.64±0.40 mm at one week and 0.30±0.38 mm at 3 months. The operating time showed a mean of 8:58±02:39 mins:secs. Conclusions: 3D patient specific plates showed accurate reduction and stability of mandibular fractures with decreased operative time. Superior adaptation on bony surfaces offered increased biting forces and decreased risk of plate fracture and design flexibility avoided mental nerve damage.

Objectives: Many authors’ have advocated a minimum of two implants to support a mandibular overdenture, but financial restraints specifically among the geriatric population in developing countries made this treatment plan economically difficult. Hence, this study was planned to assess the symphyseal (midline) single implant-assisted complete overdenture for patient satisfaction and masticatory performance. Materials and Methods: In this clinical study, 12 edentulous first-time denture wearers underwent placement of a single implant in the mandibular symphyseal region. After 1 week, new complete dentures were fabricated and delivered to the patients. Post 3 months, the denture was fixed with a nylon cap-ball attachment to the anchor implant. Patients were questioned about comparison in the level of satisfaction and complaint before loading the implant (control group) and after 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. The implant-assisted overdenture was fabricated with the help of a questionnaire. Masticatory performance was calculated with the help of a bite force measuring device at the same time intervals. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results: It was found that single implant anchorage of the mandibular complete denture resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in patient's subjective satisfaction and a decrease (P < 0.05) in complaints at the end of 3 months. There was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in bite force in implant overdenture after 3 months (5.459 kgf) as compared to that of the complete denture (3.406 kgf). Conclusion: Single implant-assisted overdenture can be an appropriate treatment modality to treat edentulousness in the geriatric population. It insinuates the remarkable improvement of prosthesis function and oral comfort with minor surgical procedures.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stomatognathic system of individuals with controlled systemic hypertension through comparison with a disease-free control group. Seventy individuals (44 female and 26 male) were divided into two groups: a controlled systemic hypertension (n=35) and a disease-free control (n=35). The individuals were evaluated on the basis of masticatory cycle efficiency of the value of the ensemble-averaged integrated linear envelope to the electromyographic signal of the masseter and temporalis muscles in the habitual (peanuts and raisins) and non-habitual chewing (Parafilm M); molar bite force (right and left) and ultrasound images from the bilateral masseter and temporal muscles at rest and maximum voluntary contraction. The data obtained were tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis (p

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Background: This study aimed to compare the masticatory efficiency, the maximum voluntary occlusal bite force (MVOBF) and the electrical activity (EMG) of masticatory muscles of practitioners of upper limb bodybuilding before and after physical activity. Methods: Twenty healthy individuals (10 men and 10 women, age from 18 to 30 (mean of 24.7 years old) without masticatory system disorders, that regularly practice hypertrophic physical activity were submitted to the analyses of masticatory efficiency, MVOBF, and surface EMG of the temporalis and masseter muscles. The masticatory efficiency was analyzed by comminution of the artificial material (Optocal®) and a sieving method. The MVOBF was measured by a dynamometer, and EMG was evaluated during resting mandibular position, maximum voluntary clenching (MVC), and MVC with a Parafilm M tape between teeth, and free mastication of chewing gum. The analyses were made before (T0) and immediately after the performance of upper limb bodybuilding exercises (T1). The data of masticatory efficiency and MVOBF were submitted to the Student T-test, and their correlations were analyzed by the Pearson correlation test, and the EMG data were submitted to the 2-way repeated measures ANOVA, all tests with a 5% significance. Results: There was a significant decrease of masticatory efficiency after the training. No statistical difference in the MVOBF and EMG was found, and there was a positive correlation between masticatory efficiency and MVOBF. Conclusions: Therefore, changes were found for masticatory efficiency only, which decreased after hypertrophic exercise. There was a positive correlation between masticatory efficiency and MVOBF Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University-UNESP, Road Jose Bonifacio 1193,Vila Mendonca KM Runner Incentivo Esporte Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araçatuba School of Dentistry São Paulo State University-UNESP, Road Jose Bonifacio 1193,Vila Mendonca

Aim and Objectives: This in vivo cross-sectional study aimed to measure and correlate the average and maximum bite forces between cleft and noncleft individuals. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on thirty cleft and thirty noncleft lip and palate patients who were belonging to the age group of 14–30 years with unrepaired unilateral cleft lip and palate under treatment at the Craniofacial Center, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore, and G. S. R Craniofacial Center, Hyderabad, India. Dental Prescale® sheet was used to record the bite force of the patients and the test sheet was scanned with an Epson v330 color HD photo scanner, and the bite force was evaluated by an FDP 8010 analyzing system. The data were analyzed statistically by the Student's data t-test. Results: The control group had a statistically significantly higher mean pressed area on the left side (P = 0.034), maximum pressure on the left side (P < 0.001), mean maximum pressure on the right side (P = 0.024), and mean average pressure on the left side (P = 0.038). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean pressed area on the right side (P = 0.569) and average pressure on the right side of the control and study groups (P = 0.358). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean maximum pressure (P = 0.001) and average pressure (P = 0.039) among cleft lip and palate patients when compared with that of the control group. There was no significant difference between male and female subjects of both the groups.

Background: Muscle fatigue or the inability to maintain muscle strength is a protective mechanism to prevent muscle injury. Phototherapy or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and therapeutic ultrasound are non-invasive and non-pharmacological forms of treatment modalities that have demonstrated effective and affirmative results when used to prevent muscle fatigue. Aim: The study evaluated the effect of phototherapy and therapeutic ultrasound in reducing muscle fatigue when administered before the induction of fatigue. Methodology: The study design was a blind, randomized, and sham-controlled clinical trial on laser and therapeutic ultrasound. The study sample consisted of 100 healthy young participants randomly allocated to four different groups of lasers, sham laser, therapeutic ultrasound, and sham ultrasound. All the individuals were subjected to clinical examination to record the bite force by the bite force dynamometer, maximum interincisal distance (MID) by using digital vernier calipers, and muscle fatigue by using EMG Retrainer's Device. The laser and therapeutic ultrasound were given on the masseter and anterior temporalis muscle on both sides and both sham groups were submitted to the same procedure but with the devices in the switch-off mode. All the individuals were instructed to chew two pieces of gum (one on each side) for 6 min to induce muscle fatigue and MID, the bite force and muscle fatigue were re-evaluated. Results: Statistically significant improvement was observed between the pre-and post-bite force, MID, and muscle fatigue in both the laser and Therapeutic ultrasound group as compared to the sham control groups with the P-value equal to 0.000. No, statistically significant difference was observed in the improvement of the muscle fatigue when both the treatment groups, i.e., laser and therapeutic ultrasound were compared with a P value >0.05. Conclusion: Muscle fatigue can be effectively reduced if any one of the physical modalities, either laser or therapeutic ultrasound is administered before the long-duration treatments; enabling administration of treatment comfortably and effectively in one appointment.