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37 results on '"Bohlen, Patrick J."'

3. Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity

Author

Koerner, Sally E, Smith, Melinda D, Burkepile, Deron E, Hanan, Niall P, Avolio, Meghan L, Collins, Scott L, Knapp, Alan K, Lemoine, Nathan P, Forrestel, Elisabeth J, Eby, Stephanie, Thompson, Dave I, Aguado-Santacruz, Gerardo A, Anderson, John P, Anderson, T Michael, Angassa, Ayana, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Bastin, Gary, Baur, Lauren E, Beard, Karen H, Beever, Erik A, Bohlen, Patrick J, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Canestro, Don, Cesa, Ariela, Chaneton, Enrique, Cheng, Jimin, D’Antonio, Carla M, Deleglise, Claire, Dembélé, Fadiala, Dorrough, Josh, Eldridge, David J, Fernandez-Going, Barbara, Fernández-Lugo, Silvia, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Freedman, Bill, García-Salgado, Gonzalo, Goheen, Jacob R, Guo, Liang, Husheer, Sean, Karembé, Moussa, Knops, Johannes MH, Kraaij, Tineke, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Kytöviita, Minna-Maarit, Lezama, Felipe, Loucougaray, Gregory, Loydi, Alejandro, Milchunas, Dan G, Milton, Suzanne J, Morgan, John W, Moxham, Claire, Nehring, Kyle C, Olff, Han, Palmer, Todd M, Rebollo, Salvador, Riginos, Corinna, Risch, Anita C, Rueda, Marta, Sankaran, Mahesh, Sasaki, Takehiro, Schoenecker, Kathryn A, Schultz, Nick L, Schütz, Martin, Schwabe, Angelika, Siebert, Frances, Smit, Christian, Stahlheber, Karen A, Storm, Christian, Strong, Dustin J, Su, Jishuai, Tiruvaimozhi, Yadugiri V, Tyler, Claudia, Val, James, Vandegehuchte, Martijn L, Veblen, Kari E, Vermeire, Lance T, Ward, David, Wu, Jianshuang, Young, Truman P, Yu, Qiang, and Zelikova, Tamara Jane

Subjects
Life Below Water, Animals, Biodiversity, Desert Climate, Grassland, Herbivory, Mammals, Plants
Abstract

Herbivores alter plant biodiversity (species richness) in many of the world's ecosystems, but the magnitude and the direction of herbivore effects on biodiversity vary widely within and among ecosystems. One current theory predicts that herbivores enhance plant biodiversity at high productivity but have the opposite effect at low productivity. Yet, empirical support for the importance of site productivity as a mediator of these herbivore impacts is equivocal. Here, we synthesize data from 252 large-herbivore exclusion studies, spanning a 20-fold range in site productivity, to test an alternative hypothesis-that herbivore-induced changes in the competitive environment determine the response of plant biodiversity to herbivory irrespective of productivity. Under this hypothesis, when herbivores reduce the abundance (biomass, cover) of dominant species (for example, because the dominant plant is palatable), additional resources become available to support new species, thereby increasing biodiversity. By contrast, if herbivores promote high dominance by increasing the abundance of herbivory-resistant, unpalatable species, then resource availability for other species decreases reducing biodiversity. We show that herbivore-induced change in dominance, independent of site productivity or precipitation (a proxy for productivity), is the best predictor of herbivore effects on biodiversity in grassland and savannah sites. Given that most herbaceous ecosystems are dominated by one or a few species, altering the competitive environment via herbivores or by other means may be an effective strategy for conserving biodiversity in grasslands and savannahs globally.

Published
2018

4. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Author

Komatsu, Kimberly J., Avolio, Meghan L., Lemoine, Nathan P., Isbell, Forest, Grman, Emily, Houseman, Gregory R., Koerner, Sally E., Johnson, David S., Wilcox, Kevin R., Alatalo, Juha M., Anderson, John P., Aerts, Rien, Baer, Sara G., Baldwin, Andrew H., Bates, Jonathan, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Belote, R. Travis, Blair, John, Bloor, Juliette M. G., Bohlen, Patrick J., Bork, Edward W., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Bowman, William D., Britton, Andrea J., Cahill, James F., Chaneton, Enrique, Chiariello, Nona R., Cheng, Jimin, Collins, Scott L., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Du, Guozhen, Eskelinen, Anu, Firn, Jennifer, Foster, Bryan, Gough, Laura, Gross, Katherine, Hallett, Lauren M., Han, Xingguo, Harmens, Harry, Hovenden, Mark J., Jagerbrand, Annika, Jentsch, Anke, Kern, Christel, Klanderud, Kari, Knapp, Alan K., Kreyling, Juergen, Li, Wei, Luo, Yiqi, McCulley, Rebecca L., McLaren, Jennie R., Megonigal, J. Patrick, Morgan, John W., Onipchenko, Vladimir, Pennings, Steven C., Prevéy, Janet S., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Robinson, Clare H., Russell, F. Leland, Sala, Osvaldo E., Seabloom, Eric W., Smith, Melinda D., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Souza, Lara, Suding, Katherine, Suttle, K. Blake, Svejcar, Tony, Tilman, David, Tognetti, Pedro, Turkington, Roy, White, Shannon, Xu, Zhuwen, Yahdjian, Laura, Yu, Qiang, Zhang, Pengfei, and Zhang, Yunhai

Published
2019

14. Grazing and microhabitat interact to affect plant–plant interactions in subtropical seasonal wetlands.

Author

Boughton, Elizabeth H., Quintana‐Ascencio, Pedro F., Bohlen, Patrick J., and Michalet, Richard

Subjects
WETLANDS, GRAZING, ECOLOGICAL niche, ECOSYSTEM management, RESTORATION ecology, PLANT competition
Abstract

Aims: The stress gradient hypothesis predicts that competition will be important in productive environments while facilitation will be common in environments with high stress or consumer pressure. However, abiotic stress and grazing may vary independently and even occur simultaneously. Here we examine the outcome of plant interactions in grazed wetlands where consumer pressure and abiotic stress occur concurrently. We hypothesized that cattle grazing and microhabitat would alter the outcome of plant interactions. Given that wetland edges are drier and less productive than wetland centers we expected that facilitation would be greatest in drier wetland edges due to greater abiotic stress regardless of cattle presence. Location: Archbold Biological Station's Buck Island Ranch (BIR), south‐central Florida, USA (27°09′ N, 81°11′ W). Methods: We conducted an experiment for two growing seasons in ten wetlands, five exposed to cattle grazing and five fenced. Two wetland obligate plants were included (Panicum hemitomon and Alternanthera philoxeroides), and plots were assigned to three treatments (a) all neighbors removed; (b) all neighbors removed except Juncus effusus, a dominant, unpalatable plant; and (c) all neighbors intact (control), in both wetland centers and edges. Differences in survival, change in height and number of leaves were assessed. Results: In ungrazed wetlands, plant survival was higher in wetland edges vs centers, while it did not differ between microhabitats in grazed wetlands. Survival in wetland edges was further increased by the presence of Juncus effusus. Positive interactions under grazed conditions were clear when plant height was assessed, but negative interactions affected leaf production in both ungrazed and grazed wetlands. Conclusions: Grazing interacts with wetland microhabitat to alter plant survival. Facilitative interactions on plant height were apparent in grazed wetlands. Understanding how plant interactions change under different biotic and abiotic contexts is important for informing ecosystem restoration and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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15. Call to restrict neonicotinoids

Author

Goulson, Dave, Sills, Jennifer, Frey, Hans, Tzinieris, Sarah, Colin, Marc, Edouard, Marchand, Patrice, A., Bastian, Suzanne, Richard, Freddie, Jeanne, Early, Ralph, Herrick, Sarah, Arlettaz, Raphaël, Wubs, E., R.J., Sitters, Judith, Seidl, Irmi, Potthast, Thomas, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, Bücking, Elisabeth, Vittoz, Pascal, Lundgren, Jonathan, G., Stöcklin, Jürg, Guisan, Antoine, Hufty, Marc, Moretti, Marco, Aragno, Michel, Forney, Jeremie, Todorov, Milcho, Todorov, Gilbert, Daniel, Geisen, Stefan, Lara, Enrique, Seppey, Christophe, V.W., Kudryavtsev, Alexander, Theurillat, Jean, Paul, Wilkinson, David, M., Leadbeater, Elli, Glauser, Gaetan, Koenig, Isabelle, Hedenec, Petr, Portier, Christopher, J., Stamati, Polyxeni, Nicolopoulou, Elwood, Bob, Nielsen, Anders, Nascimento, Fábio, Wickson, Fern, Chittka, Lars, Yela, José, Luis, Boykett, Tim, von Weizsäcker, Ernst, Ulrich, Silva, Margarida, Armitage, Sophie, Mertens, Martha, Rembiałkowska, Ewa, Swaegers, Janne, Rosslenbroich, Bernd, Rolff, Jens, Bøhn, Thomas, Geiger, Matthias, F., Radek, Renate, Fritz, Jürgen, Vallianatos, Evaggelos, Fraser, Gail, Børsen, Tom, Kollek, Regine, Loening, Ulrich, Liess, Matthias, Schaefer, Ralf, B., Idel, Anita, Loske, Reinhard, Fischer, Doreen, Antoniou, Michael, Wynne, Brian, Gómez-Ramírez, Pilar, von Fragstein und Niemsdorff, Peter, Vogtmann, Hartmut, Schröder, Winfried, Wägele, J., Wolfgang, Kratz, Werner, Rudolf, Bamberger, Axel, Valentina, Cebotari, Bohlen, Patrick, J., Gordon, Rachel, Wyckhuys, Kris, Amrine, James, Wesley, Cornelisse, Tara, Marquez, Emily, Miles, Albie, Novotny, Eva, Hayden, Nancy, Müller, Eduard, Boulton, April, Wilson, Allison, K., Abernathy, Rella, Callahan, Richard, A., Verzeñassi, Damián, Doebel, Hartmut, Garcia-Gonzalez, Jaime, E., Graham, Charles, Edward, dos Santos, Charles, Fernando, Rodriguez-Cervantes, Silvia, Marino, Damián, J., DiBartolomeis, Michael, J., Hughes, Bill, Måren, Inger, Elisabeth, Lovett, Peter, Yates, Barry, Mineau, Pierre, Alton, Karin, Collins, Terrence, J., Heller, Richard, Scott, Dentan, Robert, Knox, Regal, Philip, J., Raptis, Leda, Wright, Angela, J., Clark, E., Ann, Prof., Nicolas, J., Watts, Meriel, Almeida Sousa, Ana, Catarina, Fyfe, Lorna, Siddique, Ilyas, Blum, Astrid, Juliette, Hambrey, John, Olarieta, José, Ramón, Beckwith, Robaire, Perret-Clermont, Anne, Nelly, Krogmann, Lars, de Vere, Natasha, Seidler, Ramon, Fagan, John, Lambeets, Kevin, Frankie, Gordon, Smith, Janet, E., Seneff, Stephanie, Vandame, Rémy, Hornig, Mady, Davis, Chandler, Anderson, Molly, D., Kenan, William, R., Latham, Jonathan, Weiss, Will, Knapp, Jennifer, Enríquez, Eunice, Raucq, Philippe, Porter, Siobhán, Kelly, Ruth, Hegland, Stein, Joar, Reynolds, James, H., Worthington, Andrea, Petersson, Wilhelm, Rees, Alan, Kozuharova, Ekaterina, Gibbons, David, W., Lucero, Raymundo, M., Oruç, Hasan, Hüseyin, Riede, Klaus, Hendrickson, O., Sultan, Pr, Charles, Safer, Anton, Downs, Craig, A., Hoppe, Peter, P., Tapparo, Andrea, Belzunces, Luc, Janairo, Jose Isagani, B., Chen, Yun, Ru, van Lexmond, Maarten, F.I.J.Bijleveld, Cave, Ronald, D., Michaud, J., P., Weissling, Thomas, J., Ratcliffe, Brett, Woodcock, Ben, Ellis, Marion, Kiljanek, Tomasz, Buckley, Lizette, Garrigue, Claire, González-Ortega, Emmanuel, Noymer, Andrew, Mesnage, Robin, Reumer, Jelle, Whitehorn, Penelope, Donley, Nathan, Strange, Philip, Duncan, Elizabeth, Warren, Martin, Tennekes, Henk, A., Krischik, Vera, Brandt, Annely, Manclus, Juan, J., Pavlaki, Maria, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Pettigrove, Vincent, van der Sluijs, Jeroen, P., Aebi, Alexandre, López, Javier, Hernández, Mitchell, Edward, A.D., Bushmann, Sara, L., Tison, Léa, Kegley, Susan, E., Nugegoda, Dayanthi, Morrissey, Christy, Lima, Maria, Augusta, Morton, Eugene, S., Porrini, Claudio, Daza, Antonieta, Baer, Boris, Codling, Garry, Lu, Chensheng, Marrero, Hugo, Javier, Teixeira, Erica, Weinstein, Schneider, Marcela, Inés, Kent, Clement, F., Monaghan, Kieran, Sadd, Ben, Li, Hongliang, Zaccagnini, Maria, Elena, Delaplane, Keith, S., Fellow, Walter, B.Hill, Brodeur, Julie, Celine, Al Naggar, Yahya, Rosa-Fontana, Annelise, Pestana, João Luis, Teixeira, Tooker, John, F., Menzel, Randolf, Zimmermann, Jesko, Botías, Cristina, Montoya-Baides, Angel, Beaurepaire, Alexis, Varó, Inmaculada, Connolly, Christopher, N., Ollerton, Jeff, Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco, Marchand, Patrice, Giorio, Chiara, Bonmatin, Jean-Marc, Yang, En, Cheng, Nicholls, Elizabeth, Callaghan, Carolyn, Kerr, Jeremy., School of life sciences, and University of Sussex

Subjects
Insecticides, Insecta, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neurotoxins, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Insect Control, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias Biológicas, Toxicology, Neonicotinoids, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Animals, Call to restrict neonicotinoids, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Pest control, Biodiversity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, business, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Conservación de la Biodiversidad
Abstract

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world . They are applied to a broad range of food, energy, and ornamental crops, and used in domestic pest control. Because they are neorotoxins, they are higyly toxic to insects , a group of organisms that contains the majority of the described life on Earth, and wich includes numerous species of vital importance to humans such as pollinators and predators of pets... Fil: Frey, Hans. Geothermal Electricity Generation; Australia Fil: Tzinieris, Sarah. King's College; Reino Unido Fil: Colin, Marc Edouard. Universidad de Aix-Marsella; Francia Fil: Marchand, Patrice. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Bastian, Suzanne. University of Brittany-Loire; Francia Fil: Richard, Freddie Jeanne. Université de Poitiers; Francia Fil: Early, Ralph. Harper Adams University; Reino Unido Fil: Herrick, Sarah. University of Manchester; Reino Unido Fil: Arlettaz, Raphaël. University of Bern; Suiza Fil: Wubs, E.R.J.. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; Países Bajos Fil: Sitters, Judith. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; Países Bajos Fil: Seidl, Irmi. Swiss Federal Research Institute; Suiza Fil: Potthast, Thomas. University of Tübingen; Alemania Fil: Karpinska Kolaczek, Monika. University in Poznan; Polonia Fil: Bücking, Elisabeth. Institute for Forestry Research; Alemania Fil: Vittoz, Pascal. Universite de Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Lundgren, Jonathan G.. Ecdysis Foundation; Estados Unidos Fil: Stöcklin, Jürg. University of Basel; Suiza Fil: Guisan, Antoine. Universite de Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Hufty, Marc. Graduate Institute; Suiza Fil: Moretti, Marco. Swiss Federal Research Institute; Suiza Fil: Aragno, Michel. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Forney, Jeremie. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Todorov, Milcho Todorov. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Bulgaria Fil: Gilbert, Daniel. Universite de Franche-Comte; Francia Fil: Geisen, Stefan. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; Países Bajos Fil: Lara, Enrique. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Real Jardín Botánico; España Fil: Seppey, Christophe V.W.. University of Tromsø; Noruega Fil: Kudryavtsev, Alexander. Saint Petersburg State University; Rusia Fil: Theurillat, Jean-Paul. Universidad de Ginebra; Suiza Fil: Wilkinson, David M.. University of Lincoln; Estados Unidos Fil: Leadbeater, Elli. University of London; Reino Unido Fil: Glauser, Gaetan. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Koenig, Isabelle. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Hedenec, Petr. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Portier, Christopher J.. Maastricht University; Países Bajos Fil: Stamati, Polyxeni Nicolopoulou. University of Athens; Grecia Fil: Elwood, Bob. The Queens University of Belfast; Irlanda Fil: Nielsen, Anders. University of Oslo; Noruega Fil: Nascimento, Fábio. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Wickson, Fern. GenØk Centre for Biosafety; Noruega Fil: Chittka, Lars. University of London; Reino Unido Fil: Yela, José Luis. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; España Fil: Boykett, Tim. Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz; Austria Fil: von Weizsäcker, Ernst Ulrich. University of Freiburg; Alemania Fil: Silva, Margarida. Universidade Católica Portuguesa; Portugal Fil: Armitage, Sophie. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Mertens, Martha. Institute for Biodiversity; Alemania Fil: Rembialkowska, Ewa. Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Polonia Fil: Swaegers, Janne. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Rosslenbroich, Bernd. University of Witten/Herdecke; Alemania Fil: Rolff, Jens. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Bøhn, Thomas. GenØk Centre for Biosafety; Noruega Fil: Geiger, Matthias F.. Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Leibniz; Alemania Fil: Radek, Renate. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Fritz, Jürgen. University of Kassel; Alemania Fil: Vallianatos, Evaggelos. United States Environmental Protection Agency; Estados Unidos Fil: Fraser, Gail. York University; Canadá Fil: Børsen, Tom. Aalborg University; Dinamarca Fil: Kollek, Regine. Universitat Hamburg; Alemania Fil: Loening, Ulrich. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Liess, Matthias. Centro Helmholtz de Investigación Ambiental; Alemania Fil: Schaefer, Ralf B.. Universitat Koblenz; Alemania Fil: Idel, Anita. Mediation And Project Management Agrobiodiversity; Fil: Loske, Reinhard. Witten/Herdecke University; Alemania Fil: Fischer, Doreen. University of Kassel; Alemania Fil: Antoniou, Michael. King’s College London; Reino Unido Fil: Wynne, Brian. University of Lancaster; Reino Unido Fil: Gómez-Ramírez, Pilar. Universidad de Murcia; España Fil: von Fragstein und Niemsdorff, Peter. University of Kassel; Alemania Fil: Vogtmann, Hartmut. University of Kassel; Alemania Fil: Schröder, Winfried. University of Vechta; Alemania Fil: Wägele, J. Wolfgang. Leibniz Institute of Animal Biodiversity Research; Alemania Fil: Kratz, Werner Rudolf. Universität zu Berlin; Alemania Fil: Bamberger, Axel. Ceres International Project; Portugal Fil: Cebotari, Valentina. Academy of Sciences of Moldova; Moldavia Fil: Bohlen, Patrick J.. University of Central Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Gordon, Rachel. Fil: Wyckhuys, Kris. Independent Research Entomologist; Vietnam Fil: Amrine, James Wesley. West Virginia University; Estados Unidos Fil: Cornelisse, Tara. Canisius College; Estados Unidos Fil: Marquez, Emily. Pesticide Action Network North America; Estados Unidos Fil: Miles, Albie. University of Hawaii at Manoa; Estados Unidos Fil: Novotny, Eva. University of Cambridge; Estados Unidos Fil: Hayden, Nancy. University of Vermont; Estados Unidos Fil: Müller, Eduard. University for International Cooperation; Costa Rica Fil: Boulton, April. Hood College; Estados Unidos Fil: Wilson, Allison K.. The Bioscience Resource Project; Fil: Abernathy, Rella. Planning, Housing and Sustainability Department; Estados Unidos Fil: Callahan, Richard A.. Advanced Hardware Architectures; Estados Unidos Fil: Verzeñassi, Damian. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina Fil: Doebel, Hartmut. The George Washington University; Estados Unidos Fil: Garcia-Gonzalez, Jaime-E.. Universidad Estatal a Distancia; Costa Rica Fil: Graham, Charles Edward. University of the Highlands and Islands; Reino Unido Fil: dos Santos, Charles Fernando. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Rodriguez-Cervantes, Silvia. Universidad de Costa Rica; Costa Rica Fil: Marino, Damian Jose Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: DiBartolomeis, Michael J.. Toxicology Research International; Estados Unidos Fil: Hughes, Bill. University of Sussex; Reino Unido Fil: Måren, Inger Elisabeth. University of Bergen; Noruega Fil: Lovett, Peter. Form International; Países Bajos Fil: Yates, Barry. Sussex Wildlife Trust; Reino Unido Fil: Mineau, Pierre. Carleton University; Canadá Fil: Alton, Karin. University of Sussex; Reino Unido Fil: Collins, Terrence J.. University of Carnegie Mellon; Estados Unidos Fil: Heller, Richard Scott. Fil: Dentan, Robert Knox. State University of New York at Buffalo; Estados Unidos Fil: Regal, Philip J.. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Raptis, Leda. Queens University; Canadá Fil: Wright, Angela J.. Compassion in World Farming; España Fil: Clark, E. Ann. University of Guelph; Canadá Fil: Verecken, Nicolas J.. Université Libre de Bruxelles; Bélgica Fil: Watts, Meriel. Fil: Almeida Sousa, Ana Catarina. Centro Nacional de Investigación Científica; Francia Fil: Fyfe, Lorna. Queen Margaret University; Reino Unido Fil: Siddique, Ilyas. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil Fil: Blum, Astrid Juliette. Ceres International Project; Portugal Fil: Hambrey, John. Hambrey Consulting; Canadá Fil: Safer, Anton. University of Heidelberg; Alemania Fil: Olarieta, José Ramón. Universidad de Lleida; España Fil: Beckwith, Robaire. University of Cambridge; Estados Unidos Fil: Perret-Clermont, Anne-Nelly. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Krogmann, Lars. Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History; Alemania Fil: de Vere, Natasha. National Botanic Garden of Wales; Reino Unido Fil: Seidler, Ramon. United State Environmental Protection Agency; Estados Unidos Fil: Fagan, John. Maharishi University of Management; Estados Unidos Fil: Lambeets, Kevin. Natuurpunt Beheer; Bélgica Fil: Gordon, Frankie. University of California at Berkeley; Estados Unidos Fil: Smith, Janet E.. University of Alberta; Canadá Fil: Seneff, Stephanie. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Vandame, Rémy. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; México Fil: Hornig, Mady. Columbia University; Estados Unidos Fil: Davis, Chandler. University of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Anderson, Molly D.. Middlebury College; Estados Unidos Fil: Kenan, William R.. Middlebury College; Estados Unidos Fil: Latham, Jonathan. The Bioscience Resource Project; Fil: Weiss, Will. Valencia College; Estados Unidos Fil: Knapp, Jennifer. University of Bristol; Reino Unido Fil: Enríquez, Eunice. San Carlos University of Guatemala; Guatemala Fil: Raucq, Philippe. WPConsulting; México Fil: Porter, Siobhán. Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute; Reino Unido Fil: Kelly, Ruth. Trinity College Dublin; Reino Unido Fil: Hegland, Stein Joar. Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Noruega Fil: Reynolds, James H.. Brevard College; Estados Unidos Fil: Worthington, Andrea. Siena College; Estados Unidos Fil: Petersson, Wilhelm. Fil: Rees, Alan. University of Exeter; Reino Unido Fil: Kozuharova, Ekaterina. Medical University Of Sofia; Bulgaria Fil: Gibbons, David W.. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Reino Unido Fil: Lucero, Raymundo M.. University of the Philippines; Filipinas Fil: Oruç, Hasan Hüseyin. University of Uludag; Turquía Fil: Riede, Klaus. Global Register Of Migratory Species; Fil: Hendrickson, O.. Biodiversity Conservancy International; Canadá Fil: Sultan, Pr. Charles. University Hospital of Montpellier; Alemania Fil: Safer, Anton. University of Heidelberg; Alemania Fil: Downs, Craig A.. Haereticus Environmental Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Hoppe, Peter P.. University of Nairobi; Kenia Fil: Tapparo, Andrea. Università di Padova; Italia Fil: Belzunces, Luc. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Francia Fil: Janairo, Jose Isagani B.. De La Salle University; Filipinas Fil: Chen, Yun-Ru. National Taiwan University; China Fil: van Lexmond, Maarten F.I.J. Bijleveld. Chairman Task Force On Systemic Pesticides; Fil: Cave, Ronald D.. University of Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Michaud, J.P.. Kansas State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Weissling, Thomas J.. University of Nebraska; Estados Unidos Fil: Ratcliffe, Brett. University of Nebraska; Estados Unidos Fil: Woodcock, Ben. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Ellis, Marion. University of Nebraska; Estados Unidos Fil: Kiljanek, Tomasz. National Veterinary Research Institute; Polonia Fil: Buckley, Lizette. University of Nebraska; Estados Unidos Fil: Garrigue, Claire. Inland Revenue Department; Nueva Zelanda Fil: González-Ortega, Emmanuel. National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change; Suiza Fil: Noymer, Andrew. University of California at Irvine; Estados Unidos Fil: Mesnage, Robin. King's College; Reino Unido Fil: Reumer, Jelle. Utrecht University; Países Bajos Fil: Whitehorn, Penelope. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Alemania Fil: Donley, Nathan. Center for Biological Diversity. Environmental Health Program; Estados Unidos Fil: Strange, Philip. University of Reading; Reino Unido Fil: Duncan, Elizabeth. University of Leeds; Reino Unido Fil: Warren, Martin. Butterfly Conservation Europe; Países Bajos Fil: Tennekes, Henk A.. Experimental Toxicology Services; Países Bajos Fil: Krischik, Vera. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos Fil: Brandt, Annely. Bee Institute Kirchhain; Alemania Fil: Manclus, Juan J.. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; España Fil: Pavlaki, Maria. University of Aveiro; Portugal Fil: Bartomeus, Ignasi. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Biológica de Doñana; España Fil: Pettigrove, Vincent. University of Melbourne; Australia Fil: van der Sluijs, Jeroen P.. University of Bergen; Noruega. University of Utrecht; Países Bajos Fil: Aebi, Alexandre. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: López, Javier Hernández. University of Graz; Australia Fil: Mitchell, Edward A. D.. Universite de Neuchatel; Suiza Fil: Bushmann, Sara L.. George Stevens Academy; Estados Unidos Fil: Tison, Léa. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Kegley, Susan E.. Pesticide Research Institute; Estados Unidos Fil: Nugegoda, Dayanthi. University of Melbourne; Australia Fil: Morrissey, Christy. University of Saskatchewan; Canadá Fil: Lima, Maria Augusta. Universidad Federal de Viçosa; Brasil Fil: Morton, Eugene S.. National Zoological Park; India Fil: Porrini, Claudio. Universidad de Bologna; Italia Fil: Daza Millone, Maria Antonieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; Argentina Fil: Baer, Boris. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Codling, Garry. Masaryk University; República Checa Fil: Lu, Chensheng. Chan School of Public Health; Estados Unidos Fil: Marrero, Hugo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentina Fil: Teixeira, Erica Weinstein. Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios; Brasil Fil: Schneider, Marcela Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentina Fil: Kent, Clement F.. York University; Canadá Fil: Monaghan, Kieran. Universidade de Aveiro; Portugal Fil: Sadd, Ben. Illinois State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Li, Hongliang. China Jiliang University; China Fil: Zaccagnini, María Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Delaplane, Keith S.. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos Fil: Fellow, Walter B. Hill. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos Fil: Brodeur, Celine Marie Julie. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Al Naggar, Yahya. Tanta University; Egipto Fil: Rosa-Fontana, Annelise. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Pestana, João Luis Teixeira. University of Aveiro; Portugal Fil: Tooker, John F.. Penn State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Menzel, Randolf. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania Fil: Zimmermann, Jesko. The University of Dublin; Irlanda Fil: Botías, Cristina. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Montoya-Baides, Angel. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; España Fil: Beaurepaire, Alexis. Inra Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur; Francia Fil: Varó, Inmaculada. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; España Fil: Connolly, Christopher N.. Centre for Environmental Change & Human Resilience; Reino Unido Fil: Ollerton, Jeff. University of Northampton; Reino Unido Fil: Sanchez-Bayo, Francisco. The University Of Sydney; Australia Fil: Marchand, Patrice. l'Institut de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation biologiques; Francia Fil: Giorio, Chiara. Università di Padova; Italia Fil: Jean-Marc, Bonmatin. Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; Francia Fil: Yang, En-Cheng. National Taiwan University; China Fil: Nicholls, Elizabeth. University of Sussex; Reino Unido Fil: Callaghan, Carolyn. Canadian Wildlife Federation; Canadá Fil: Kerr, Jeremy. University of Ottawa; Canadá Fil: Goulson, D.. University of Sussex; Reino Unido

Published
2018

21. Effects of experimental season of prescribed fire and nutrient addition on structure and function of previously grazed grassland.

Author

Boughton, Elizabeth H., Bohlen, Patrick J., and Maki, Julia H.

Subjects
GRASSLAND restoration, GRASSLAND management, PLANT biomass, PRESCRIBED burning, PLANT cells & tissues
Abstract

Aims Understanding the drivers of grassland structure and function following livestock removal will inform grassland restoration and management. Here, we investigated the effects of fire and nutrient addition on structure and function in a subtropical semi-native grassland recently released from grazing in south-central Florida. We examined responses of soil nutrients, plant tissue nutrients, biomass of live, standing dead and litter, and plant species composition to experimental annual prescribed fire applied during different seasons (wet season vs. dry season), and nutrient additions (N, P and N + P) over 9 years. Methods Experimental plots were set up in a randomized block split-plot design, with season of prescribed fire as the main treatment and nutrient addition as the subplot treatment. Species cover data were collected annually from 2002 to 2011 and plant tissue and plant biomass data were collected in 2002-2006 and 2011. Soil nutrients were analyzed in 2004, 2006 and 2011. Important Findings Soil total phosphorus (P) levels increased substantially with P addition but were not influenced by prescribed fire. Addition of P and N led to increased P and N concentrations in live plant tissues, but prescribed fire reduced N in live tissue. Levels of tissue N were higher in all plots at the beginning of the experiment, an effect that was likely due to grazing activity prior to removal of livestock. Plant tissue N steadily declined over time in all plots, with annually burned plots declining faster than unburned plots. Prescribed fire was an important driver of standing dead and litter biomass and was important for maintaining grass biomass and percent cover. Nutrient addition was also important: the addition of both N and P was associated with greater live biomass and woody forbs. Removal of grazing, lack of prescribed fire, and addition of N + P led to a reduction of grass biomass and a large increase in biomass of a woody forb. Annual prescribed fire promoted N loss from the system by reducing standing dead and litter, but maintained desirable biomass of grasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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24. Food Preferences in Two Detritivore Species: Laboratory Choice Tests Using Leaf Litters of Different Tree Species.

Author

Makulec, Gabriela and Ilieva-Makulec, Krassimira

Subjects
ALNUS glutinosa, FOREST litter, FOOD preferences, ENGLISH oak, SOIL animals, EUROPEAN white birch
Abstract

Copyright of Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae is the property of Uniwerystet Kardynala Stefana Wyznskiege w Warzawie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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25. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Abstract

Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity.ecosystem function relationship. Human activities are currently driving unparalleled global changes worldwide. Our analyses provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that these human activities may have widespread impacts on plant community composition globally, which will increase in frequency over time and be greater in areas where communities face multiple GCDs simultaneously.

Published
2019
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26. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Abstract

Accurate prediction of community responses to global change drivers (GCDs) is critical given the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem services. There is consensus that human activities are driving species extinctions at the global scale, but debate remains over whether GCDs are systematically altering local communities worldwide. Across 105 experiments that included over 400 experimental manipulations, we found evidence for a lagged response of herbaceous plant communities to GCDs caused by shifts in the identities and relative abundances of species, often without a corresponding difference in species richness. These results provide evidence that community responses are pervasive across a wide variety of GCDs on long-term temporal scales and that these responses increase in strength when multiple GCDs are simultaneously imposed.Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caus

Published
2019
Full Text
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27. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Abstract

Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship. Human activities are currently driving unparalleled global changes worldwide. Our analyses provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that these human activities may have widespread impacts on plant community composition globally, which will increase in frequency over time and be greater in areas where communities face multiple GCDs simultaneously.

Published
2019

28. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Abstract

Accurate prediction of community responses to global change drivers (GCDs) is critical given the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem services. There is consensus that human activities are driving species extinctions at the global scale, but debate remains over whether GCDs are systematically altering local communities worldwide. Across 105 experiments that included over 400 experimental manipulations, we found evidence for a lagged response of herbaceous plant communities to GCDs caused by shifts in the identities and relative abundances of species, often without a corresponding difference in species richness. These results provide evidence that community responses are pervasive across a wide variety of GCDs on long-term temporal scales and that these responses increase in strength when multiple GCDs are simultaneously imposed.Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caus

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Abstract

Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship. Human activities are currently driving unparalleled global changes worldwide. Our analyses provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that these human activities may have widespread impacts on plant community composition globally, which will increase in frequency over time and be greater in areas where communities face multiple GCDs simultaneously.

Published
2019

30. Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed

Abstract

Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity.ecosystem function relationship. Human activities are currently driving unparalleled global changes worldwide. Our analyses provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that these human activities may have widespread impacts on plant community composition globally, which will increase in frequency over time and be greater in areas where communities face multiple GCDs simultaneously.

Published
2019

31. Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity

Abstract

Herbivores alter plant biodiversity (species richness) in many of the world's ecosystems, but the magnitude and the direction of herbivore effects on biodiversity vary widely within and among ecosystems. One current theory predicts that herbivores enhance plant biodiversity at high productivity but have the opposite effect at low productivity. Yet, empirical support for the importance of site productivity as a mediator of these herbivore impacts is equivocal. Here, we synthesize data from 252 large-herbivore exclusion studies, spanning a 20-fold range in site productivity, to test an alternative hypothesis-that herbivore-induced changes in the competitive environment determine the response of plant biodiversity to herbivory irrespective of productivity. Under this hypothesis, when herbivores reduce the abundance (biomass, cover) of dominant species (for example, because the dominant plant is palatable), additional resources become available to support new species, thereby increasing biodiversity. By contrast, if herbivores promote high dominance by increasing the abundance of herbivory-resistant, unpalatable species, then resource availability for other species decreases reducing biodiversity. We show that herbivore-induced change in dominance, independent of site productivity or precipitation (a proxy for productivity), is the best predictor of herbivore effects on biodiversity in grassland and savannah sites. Given that most herbaceous ecosystems are dominated by one or a few species, altering the competitive environment via herbivores or by other means may be an effective strategy for conserving biodiversity in grasslands and savannahs globally.

Published
2018

32. Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity

Abstract

Herbivores alter plant biodiversity (species richness) in many of the world's ecosystems, but the magnitude and the direction of herbivore effects on biodiversity vary widely within and among ecosystems. One current theory predicts that herbivores enhance plant biodiversity at high productivity but have the opposite effect at low productivity. Yet, empirical support for the importance of site productivity as a mediator of these herbivore impacts is equivocal. Here, we synthesize data from 252 large-herbivore exclusion studies, spanning a 20-fold range in site productivity, to test an alternative hypothesis-that herbivore-induced changes in the competitive environment determine the response of plant biodiversity to herbivory irrespective of productivity. Under this hypothesis, when herbivores reduce the abundance (biomass, cover) of dominant species (for example, because the dominant plant is palatable), additional resources become available to support new species, thereby increasing biodiversity. By contrast, if herbivores promote high dominance by increasing the abundance of herbivory-resistant, unpalatable species, then resource availability for other species decreases reducing biodiversity. We show that herbivore-induced change in dominance, independent of site productivity or precipitation (a proxy for productivity), is the best predictor of herbivore effects on biodiversity in grassland and savannah sites. Given that most herbaceous ecosystems are dominated by one or a few species, altering the competitive environment via herbivores or by other means may be an effective strategy for conserving biodiversity in grasslands and savannahs globally.

Published
2018

33. State's international responsibility for the human right to food: implementation in Brazil through agroecology.

Author

Strakos, Paula F. and Sanches, Michelle B. B.

Subjects
RIGHT to food, AGRICULTURAL ecology
Abstract

Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2017
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34. Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity

Author

Sean W. Husheer, Bill Freedman, Carla M. D'Antonio, Elisabeth S. Bakker, Elisabeth J. Forrestel, F. Siebert, Meghan L. Avolio, Claire Deléglise, Dan G. Milchunas, Han Olff, Nathan P. Lemoine, Elizabeth H. Boughton, Don Canestro, Martin Schütz, Minna-Maarit Kytöviita, Martijn L. Vandegehuchte, Erik A. Beever, Niall P. Hanan, John W. Morgan, Lauren E. Baur, John P. Anderson, Felipe Lezama, Tineke Kraaij, Christian Smit, Karen H. Beard, Ayana Angassa, Claire Moxham, Kyle C. Nehring, Jianshuang Wu, Johannes M. H. Knops, Gary Bastin, Tamara J. Zelikova, Barbara Fernandez-Going, Deron E. Burkepile, Karen A. Stahlheber, Josh Dorrough, Liang Guo, Melinda D. Smith, Corinna Riginos, Claudia M. Tyler, T. Michael Anderson, Qiang Yu, Stephanie Eby, Jacob R. Goheen, Marta Rueda, David J. Eldridge, Mahesh Sankaran, Angelika Schwabe, Yadugiri V. Tiruvaimozhi, Suzanne J. Milton, Andrew Kulmatiski, Fadiala Dembélé, Sumanta Bagchi, James Val, Gerardo A. Aguado-Santacruz, Jishuai Su, Ariela Cesa, David Ward, Silvia Fernández-Lugo, Lauchlan H. Fraser, Todd M. Palmer, Jimin Cheng, Nick L. Schultz, Anita C. Risch, Patrick J. Bohlen, Grégory Loucougaray, Sally E. Koerner, Enrique J. Chaneton, Dave I. Thompson, Lance T. Vermeire, Alejandro Loydi, Takehiro Sasaki, Moussa Karembé, Truman P. Young, Kari E. Veblen, Salvador Rebollo, Kathryn A. Schoenecker, Christian Storm, Scott L. Collins, Dustin J. Strong, Gonzalo García-Salgado, Alan K. Knapp, Olff group, Smit group, Aquatic Ecology (AqE), Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY GREENSBORO USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, IMPACT, Biodiversity, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, RICHNESS, 2. Zero hunger, arot, Mammals, geography.geographical_feature_category, PRODUCTIVITY, Ecology, kasvillisuus, eliöyhteisöt, Plants, ekologia, Grazing, kasvinsyöjät, international, DIVERSITY DEPENDS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Desert Climate, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, CONSUMER, nurmet, Biology, ECOLOGY, 010603 evolutionary biology, Environmental science, Ciencias Biológicas, High productivity, savannit, Dominance (ecology), Animals, Ecosystem, Community ecology, Herbivory, Life Below Water, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Herbivore, geography, Ecología, 15. Life on land, Herbaceous plant, RESOURCE CONTROL, biodiversiteetti, Meta-analysis, Medio Ambiente, 13. Climate action, Species richness, VEGETATION, COMMUNITIES, community ecology
Abstract

Herbivores alter plant biodiversity (species richness) in many of the world’s ecosystems, but the magnitude and the direction of herbivore effects on biodiversity vary widely within and among ecosystems. One current theory predicts that herbivores enhance plant biodiversity at high productivity but have the opposite effect at low productivity. Yet, empirical support for the importance of site productivity as a mediator of these herbivore impacts is equivocal. Here, we synthesize data from 252 large-herbivore exclusion studies, spanning a 20-fold range in site productivity, to test an alternative hypothesis—that herbivore-induced changes in the competitive environment determine the response of plant biodiversity to herbivory irrespective of productivity. Under this hypothesis, when herbivores reduce the abundance (biomass, cover) of dominant species (for example, because the dominant plant is palatable), additional resources become available to support new species, thereby increasing biodiversity. By contrast, if herbivores promote high dominance by increasing the abundance of herbivory-resistant, unpalatable species, then resource availability for other species decreases reducing biodiversity. We show that herbivore-induced change in dominance, independent of site productivity or precipitation (a proxy for productivity), is the best predictor of herbivore effects on biodiversity in grassland and savannah sites. Given that most herbaceous ecosystems are dominated by one or a few species, altering the competitive environment via herbivores or by other means may be an effective strategy for conserving biodiversity in grasslands and savannahs globally. Fil: Koerner, Sally E.. University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Department of Biology; Estados Unidos Fil: Smith, Melinda D.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos Fil: Burkepile, Deron E.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Hanan, Niall P.. New Mexico State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Avolio, Meghan L.. University Johns Hopkins; Estados Unidos Fil: Collins, Scott L.. University of New Mexico; Estados Unidos Fil: Knapp, Alan K.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos Fil: Lemoine, Nathan P.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos Fil: Forrestel, Elisabeth J.. University of California at Davis; Estados Unidos Fil: Eby, Stephanie. Northeastern University; Estados Unidos Fil: Thompson, Dave I.. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica. Kruger National Park. South African Environmental Observation Network. Ndlovu Node. Scientific Services; Sudáfrica Fil: Aguado-Santacruz, Gerardo A.. Tecnológico Nacional de México; México Fil: Anderson, John P.. New Mexico State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Anderson, T. Michael. University Wake Forest; Estados Unidos Fil: Angassa, Ayana. Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Sudáfrica. Hawassa University; Etiopía Fil: Bagchi, Sumanta. Indian Institute of Science; India Fil: Bakker, Elisabeth S.. Netherlands Institute of Ecology; Países Bajos Fil: Bastin, Gary. Alice Springs; Australia Fil: Baur, Lauren E.. University of New Mexico; Estados Unidos Fil: Beard, Karen H.. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Beever, Erik A.. United States Geological Survey; Estados Unidos. State University of Montana; Estados Unidos Fil: Bohlen, Patrick J.. University of Central Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Boughton, Elizabeth H.. MacArthur Agroecology Research Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Canestro, Don. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Cesa, Ariela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Chaneton, Enrique Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; Argentina Fil: Cheng, Jimin. Northwest A&F University; China Fil: D?Antonio, Carla M.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Deleglise, Claire. Université Grenoble Alpes; Francia Fil: Dembélé, Fadiala. Institut de Formation et de Recherche Appliquee; Sudáfrica Fil: Dorrough, Josh. Ecosystem Mangement Science; Austria Fil: Eldridge, David J.. University of New South Wales; Australia Fil: Fernandez Going, Barbara. University of Texas at Austin; Estados Unidos Fil: Fernández Lugo, Silvia. Universidad de La Laguna; España Fil: Fraser, Lauchlan H.. Thompson Rivers University; Canadá Fil: Freedman, Bill. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá Fil: García Salgado, Gonzalo. Dalhousie University Halifax; Canadá Fil: Goheen, Jacob R.. University of Wyoming; Estados Unidos Fil: Guo, Liang. Northwest A&F University; China Fil: Husheer, Sean. New Zealand Forest Surveys; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Karembé, Moussa. Université des Sciences; Malí Fil: Knops, Johannes M. H.. Universidad de Nebraska - Lincoln; Estados Unidos Fil: Kraaij, Tineke. Nelson Mandela University; Sudáfrica Fil: Kulmatiski, Andrew. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Kytöviita, Minna Maarit. Universidad de Jyvaskyla; Finlandia Fil: Lezama, Felipe. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Loucougaray, Gregory. Université Grenoble Alpes; Francia Fil: Loydi, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina Fil: Milchunas, Dan G.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados Unidos Fil: Milton, Suzanne J.. South African Environmental Observation Network; Sudáfrica Fil: Morgan, John W.. La Trobe University; Australia Fil: Moxham, Claire. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research; Australia Fil: Nehring, Kyle C.. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Olff, Han. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Palmer, Todd M.. University of Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Rebollo, Salvador. Universidad de Alcalá; España Fil: Riginos, Corinna. The Nature Conservancy; Estados Unidos Fil: Risch, Anita C.. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research; Suiza Fil: Rueda, Marta. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Biológica de Doñana; España Fil: Sankaran, Mahesh. National Centre For Biological Sciences; India. University of Leeds; Reino Unido Fil: Sasaki, Takehiro. Yokohama National University; Japón Fil: Schoenecker, Kathryn A.. Fort Collins Science Center and Colorado State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Schultz, Nick L.. Federation University; Australia Fil: Schütz, Martin. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research; Suiza Fil: Schwabe, Angelika. Universitat Technische Darmstadt; Alemania Fil: Siebert, Frances. North West University; Sudáfrica Fil: Smit, Christian. University of Groningen; Países Bajos Fil: Stahlheber, Karen A.. University of Wisconsin Green Bay; Estados Unidos Fil: Storm, Christian. Universitat Technische Darmstadt; Alemania Fil: Strong, Dustin J.. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Research Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Su, Jishuai. Northwest A&F University; China Fil: Tiruvaimozhi, Yadugiri V.. National Centre for Biological Sciences; India Fil: Tyler, Claudia. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Val, James. Office of Environment and Heritage; Australia Fil: Vandegehuchte, Martijn L.. University of Ghent; Bélgica. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research; Suiza Fil: Veblen, Kari E.. State University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Vermeire, Lance T.. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Research Service; Estados Unidos Fil: Ward, David. Kent State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Wu, Jianshuang. Lhasa National Ecological Research Station; China Fil: Young, Truman P.. University of California at Davis; Estados Unidos. Mpala Research Centre; Kenia Fil: Yu, Qiang. Chinese Academy Of Agricultural Sciences; China. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning; China Fil: Zelikova, Tamara Jane. University Of Wyoming; . University of Wyoming; Estados Unidos

Published
2018

35. Soil Organic Matter and Feeding the Future : Environmental and Agronomic Impacts

Author

Rattan Lal and Rattan Lal

Subjects
Agronomy--Effect of environment on, Soil science
Abstract

Soil organic matter (SOM) is the primary determinant of soil functionality. Soil organic carbon (SOC) accounts for 50% of the SOM content, accompanied by nitrogen, phosphorus, and a range of macro and micro elements. As a dynamic component, SOM is a source of numerous ecosystem services critical to human well-being and nature conservancy. Important among these goods and services generated by SOM include moderation of climate as a source or sink of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases, storage and purification of water, a source of energy and habitat for biota (macro, meso, and micro-organisms), a medium for plant growth, cycling of elements (N, P, S, etc.), and generation of net primary productivity (NPP). The quality and quantity of NPP has direct impacts on the food and nutritional security of the growing and increasingly affluent human population.Soils of agroecosystems are depleted of their SOC reserves in comparison with those of natural ecosystems. The magnitude of depletion depends on land use and the type and severity of degradation. Soils prone to accelerated erosion can be strongly depleted of their SOC reserves, especially those in the surface layer. Therefore, conservation through restorative land use and adoption of recommended management practices to create a positive soil-ecosystem carbon budget can increase carbon stock and soil health.This volume of Advances in Soil Sciences aims to accomplish the following: Present impacts of land use and soil management on SOC dynamics Discuss effects of SOC levels on agronomic productivity and use efficiency of inputs Detail potential of soil management on the rate and cumulative amount of carbon sequestration in relation to land use and soil/crop management Deliberate the cause-effect relationship between SOC content and provisioning of some ecosystem services Relate soil organic carbon stock to soil properties and processes Establish the relationship between soil organic carbon stock with land and climate Identify controls of making soil organic carbon stock as a source or sink of CO2 Connect soil organic carbon and carbon sequestration for climate mitigation and adaptation

Published
2022

36. The Right to Food : The Global Campaign to End Hunger and Malnutrition

Author

Francis Adams and Francis Adams

Subjects
Right to food, Food supply
Abstract

This book examines the global campaign to end hunger and malnutrition. Focus is placed on the work of the United Nations which has led international efforts to improve food security in the world's poorest countries. The book first reviews the long-term project to establish access to safe, sufficient, and nutritious food as a universally recognized human right. This is followed by separate chapters that examine the nature and central causes of food insecurity in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. These chapters also review the contemporary work of three United Nations agencies – the World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Fund for Agricultural Development – in providing both food aid and food assistance to each region of the developing world. This includes the provision of emergency food aid in response to natural disaster and civil conflict, as well as longer-term food assistance to promote agricultural productivity, advance rural development, and preserve natural environments. The concluding chapter considers ways to strengthen food aid and assistance in the years to come, with many of the recommendations advanced reflecting lessons learned from the actual experience of food aid and assistance described in this book.

Published
2021

37. Rediscovering Earthworms

Author

C.S.K. Mishra, Author, Suryasikha Samal, Author, C.S.K. Mishra, Author, and Suryasikha Samal, Author

Subjects
Earthworms
Abstract

This book is a concise and well-illustrated treatment of the conventional knowledge and modern utilities of earthworms. The first two chapters deal with earthworm morphology, food relationship, behavior, functional role, interaction with soil biota, and the influence of environmental factors. Earthworms found in the tropics and sub-tropics are also discussed in this section. The third chapter provides a good account of utilizing species of worms to produce high value manure through vermitechnology and its application in agriculture. The nutritional and medicinal values of earthworms are illustrated in the fourth chapter, while the fifth c provides information on how earthworms are used successfully as indicators of ecological perturbations, soil quality and for remediation of contaminated soils. The book will immensely benefit students, faculty and researchers in biological, agricultural and environmental sciences. It is also a source of information for anyone interested in knowing more about earthworms.

Published
2021

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