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2. Alterations in Glucagon Levels and the Glucagon-to-Insulin Ratio in Response to High Dietary Fat or Protein Intake in Healthy Lean Adult Twins: A Post Hoc Analysis †.

Author

Schuppelius, Bettina, Schüler, Rita, Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga, Hornemann, Silke, Busjahn, Andreas, Machann, Jürgen, Kruse, Michael, Park, Soyoung Q., Kabisch, Stefan, Csanalosi, Marta, Ost, Anne-Cathrin, and Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Emerging data support evidence of the essential role of glucagon for lipid metabolism. However, data on the role of dietary fat intake for glucagon secretion is limited. This analysis investigated whether altering nutritional fat intake affects glucagon levels in healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 92 twins (age: 31 ± 14 years, BMI: 23 ± 3 kg/m2) consumed two 6-week diets: first a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (LFD) followed by an isocaloric high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HFD). In total, 24 twins (age: 39 ± 15 years, BMI: 24 ± 2 kg/m2) continued with a high-protein diet (HPD). Clinical investigations were performed after 6 weeks of the LFD, after 1 and 6 weeks of the HFD and after 6 weeks of the HPD. Results: The LFD caused a significant decrease in fasting glucagon (−27%, p < 0.001) compared to baseline. After 6 weeks of the HFD, glucagon increased (117%, p < 0.001 vs. LFD), while free fatty acids decreased. Six weeks of the HPD further increased glucagon levels (72%, p = 0.502 vs. HFD), although fasting amino acid levels remained constant. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR moderately increased after one week of the HFD, while six weeks of the HPD significantly decreased both. The fasting glucagon-to-insulin ratio decreased during the LFD (p < 0.001) but increased after the HFD (p < 0.001) and even further increased after the HPD (p = 0.018). Liver fat, triglycerides and blood glucose did not increase during the HFD. The heritability of glucagon levels was 45% with the LFD. Conclusions: An HFD increases glucagon levels and the glucagon-to-insulin ratio under isocaloric conditions compared to an LFD in healthy lean subjects. This rise in glucagon may represent a metabolic response to prevent hepatic steatosis, as glucagon increases have been previously shown to induce hepatic fat oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region: an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2017
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8. The Relationship between Patient Self-Reported, Pre-Morbid Physical Activity and Clinical Outcomes of Inpatient Treatment in Youth with Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study.

Author

Pech, Martina, Correll, Christoph U., Schmidt, Janine, Zeeck, Almut, Hofmann, Tobias, Busjahn, Andreas, and Haas, Verena

Abstract

Links between premorbid physical activity (PA) and disease onset/course in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) remain unclear. The aim was to assess self-reported PA as a predictor of change in percent median BMI (%mBMI) and length of hospital stay (LOS). Five PA domains were assessed via semi-structured interview in adolescents with AN at hospitalization: premorbid PA in school grades 1-6 (PA1-6); PA before AN onset (PA-pre) and after AN onset (PA-post); new, pathological motivation for PA (PA-new); and high intensity PA (PA-high). Eating disorder psychopathology was measured via the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and current PA (steps/day) with accelerometry. PA1-6 was also assessed in healthy controls (HCs). Using stepwise backward regression models, predictors of %mBMI change and LOS were examined. Compared with 22 HCs (age = 14.7 ± 1.3 years, %mBMI = 102.4 ± 12.1), 25 patients with AN (age = 15.1 ± 1.7 years, %mBMI = 74.8 ± 6.0) reported significantly higher PA1-6 (median, AN = 115 [interquartile range IQR = 75;200] min vs. HC = 68 [IQR = 29;105] min; p = 0.017). PA-post was 244 ± 323% higher than PA-pre. PA1-6 was directly associated with PA-pre (p = 0.001) but not with PA-post (p = 0.179) or change in PA-pre to PA-post (p = 0.735). Lower %mBMI gain was predicted by lower baseline %mBMI (p = 0.001) and more PA-high (p = 0.004; r2 = 0.604). Longer LOS was predicted by higher PA-pre (p = 0.003, r2 = 0.368). Self-reported PA may identify a subgroup of youth with AN at risk of less weight gain and prolonged LOS during inpatient treatment for AN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Blood Pressure and Angiogenic Markers in Pregnancy: Contributors to Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Offspring Cardiovascular Risk

Author

Birukov, Anna, Herse, Florian, Nielsen, Julie H., Kyhl, Henriette B., Golic, Michaela, Kräker, Kristin, Haase, Nadine, Busjahn, Andreas, Bruun, Signe, Jensen, Boye L., Müller, Dominik N., Jensen, Tina Kold, Christesen, Henrik T., Andersen, Marianne Skovsager, Jørgensen, Jan Stener, Dechend, Ralf, and Andersen, Louise Bjørkholt

Published
2020
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11. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) study1–3

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob vB, Möller, Sören, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J, Jang, Kerry L, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Heikkilä, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos CEM, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Pedersen, Nancy L, Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire MA, Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Spector, Timothy, Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Boomsma, Dorret I, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2016
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13. Comparing family‐based treatment with inpatient treatment in youth with anorexia nervosa eligible for hospitalization: A 12‐month feasibility study.

Author

Haas, Verena, Wechsung, Katja, Kaiser, Vivien, Schmidt, Janine, Raile, Klemens, Busjahn, Andreas, Le Grange, Daniel, and Correll, Christoph U.

Subjects
ANOREXIA nervosa treatment, FAMILY psychotherapy, PILOT projects, LENGTH of stay in hospitals, PROFESSIONAL practice, SUICIDE, CLINICAL trials, BURDEN of care, EVIDENCE-based medicine, MANN Whitney U Test, FISHER exact test, TREATMENT effectiveness, COMPARATIVE studies, WEIGHT gain, T-test (Statistics), PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, HOSPITAL care, RESEARCH funding, PATHOLOGICAL psychology, QUESTIONNAIRES, REPEATED measures design, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, COST effectiveness, BODY mass index, ADVERSE health care events, DATA analysis software, STATISTICAL models, OUTPATIENT services in hospitals, LONGITUDINAL method, SELF-mutilation, ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

Objective: Family‐based treatment (FBT) for youth with anorexia nervosa (AN), has not been compared to inpatient, multimodal treatment (IMT). Method: Prospective, non‐randomized pilot feasibility study of adolescents with AN receiving FBT (n = 31), and as a reference point for exploratory outcome comparisons IMT (n = 31), matched for baseline age and percent median BMI (%mBMI). Feasibility of FBT in youth fulfilling criteria for IMT was assessed via study recruitment and retention rates; acceptability via drop‐out and caregiver strain; safety via adverse events; preliminary treatment effectiveness between groups was assessed via a change in %mBMI, AN psychopathology (Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire, EDE‐Q), and hospital days, over 12 months with intent‐to‐treat, mixed models repeated measures analyses covering post‐intervention usual care until 12 months. Results: Taking into account that 8 FBT patients (25.8%) crossed over to IMT due to lack of weight gain or psychiatric concerns, FBT and IMT were similarly feasible, acceptable, and safe, apart from more physical antagonism toward others in FBT (p =.010). FBT lasted longer (median [interquartile range, IQR]; 33.6 [17.4, 49.9] vs. 17.3 [14.4, 24] weeks, p <.001), but required fewer hospital days than IMT (median, [IQR], FBT = 1 [0, 16] vs. IMT = 123 [101, 180], p <.001). Baseline comorbidity‐adjusted changes over 12 months did not differ between groups in %mBMI (FBT = 12.6 ± 11.9 vs. IMT = 13.7 ± 9.1; p =.702) and EDE‐Q global score (median, [IQR]; FBT = −1.2 [−2.3, 0.2] vs. IMT = −1.3 [−2.8, −0.4]; p =.733). Discussion: Implementing FBT in this pilot study was feasible, acceptable, and safe for youth eligible for IMT according to German S3 guidelines. Non‐inferiority of FBT versus IMT requires confirmation in a sufficiently large multicenter RCT. Public Significance: This pilot study with 62 adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa demonstrated that for 2/3rd of patients eligible for a long hospitalization in the German health care system, outpatient, Family‐based treatment (FBT) was a safe and feasible treatment alternative. Over 12 months, FBT lead to similar weight gain and reduction in eating disorder cognitions as inpatient treatment with fewer hospital days. This pilot study needs to be followed up by a larger, multicenter trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. An Isocaloric High-Fat Diet Regulates Partially Genetically Determined Fatty Acid and Carbohydrate Uptake and Metabolism in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Lean Adult Twins

Author

Kruse, Michael, primary, Hornemann, Silke, additional, Ost, Anne-Cathrin, additional, Frahnow, Turid, additional, Hoffmann, Daniela, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Osterhoff, Martin A., additional, Schuppelius, Bettina, additional, and Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H., additional

Published
2023
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15. Identification of peripheral vascular function measures and circulating biomarkers of mitochondrial function in patients with mitochondrial disease

Author

van Kraaij, Sebastiaan J. W., primary, Pereira, Diana R., additional, Smal, Bastiaan, additional, Summo, Luciana, additional, Konkel, Anne, additional, Lossie, Janine, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Grammatopoulos, Tom N., additional, Klaassen, Erica, additional, Fischer, Robert, additional, Schunck, Wolf‐Hagen, additional, Gal, Pim, additional, and Moerland, Matthijs, additional

Published
2023
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20. Exercise blood-drop metabolic profiling links metabolism with perceived exertion

Author

Opialla, Tobias, Gollasch, Benjamin, Kuich, Peter H. J. L., Klug, Lars, Rahn, Gabriele, Busjahn, Andreas, Spuler, Simone, Boschmann, Michael, Kirwan, Jennifer A., Luft, Friedrich C., and Kempa, Stefan

Subjects
Cancer Research, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Technology Platforms, Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous System, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Abstract

Background: Assessing detailed metabolism in exercising persons minute-to-minute has not been possible. We developed a “drop-of-blood” platform to fulfill that need. Our study aimed not only to demonstrate the utility of our methodology, but also to give insights into unknown mechanisms and new directions.Methods: We developed a platform, based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, to assess metabolism from a blood-drop. We first observed a single volunteer who ran 13 km in 61 min. We particularly monitored relative perceived exertion (RPE). We observed that 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate peaked at RPE in this subject. We next expanded these findings to women and men volunteers who performed an RPE-based exercise protocol to RPE at Fi O 2 20.9% or Fi O 2 14.5% in random order.Results: At 6 km, our subject reached his maximum relative perceived exertion (RPE); however, he continued running, felt better, and finished his run. Lactate levels had stably increased by 2 km, ketoacids increased gradually until the run’s end, while the hypoxia marker, 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate, peaked at maximum relative perceived exertion. In our normal volunteers, the changes in lactate, pyruvate, ß hydroxybutyrate and a hydroxybutyrate were not identical, but similar to our model proband runner.Conclusion: Glucose availability was not the limiting factor, as glucose availability increased towards exercise end in highly exerted subjects. Instead, the tricarboxylic acid→oxphos pathway, lactate clearance, and thus and the oxidative capacity appeared to be the defining elements in confronting maximal exertion. These ideas must be tested further in more definitive studies. Our preliminary work suggests that our single-drop methodology could be of great utility in studying exercise physiology.

Published
2022

28. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Tomizawa, Rie, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Sakai, Norio, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Tyler, Jessica, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, additional, Oliveira, Vinicius C., additional, Ferreira, Paulo H., additional, Medda, Emanuela, additional, Nisticò, Lorenza, additional, Toccaceli, Virgilia, additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Dahl Aslan, Anna K., additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas S., additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Park, Hang A., additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Soo Ji, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2020
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30. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Calais Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Pablo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Calais Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Pablo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural-geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a(2)=0.43; 0.41-0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c(2)=0.31; 0.30-0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900-1949 (a(2)=0.44; 0.41-0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950-1989 (a(2)=0.38; 0.36-0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c(2)=0.31; 0.29-0.33 and c(2)=0.34; 0.32-0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.

Published
2020

31. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment : an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural–geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a2 = 0.43; 0.41–0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c2 = 0.31; 0.30–0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900–1949 (a2 = 0.44; 0.41–0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950–1989 (a2 = 0.38; 0.36–0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c2 = 0.31; 0.29–0.33 and c2 = 0.34; 0.32–0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s., CC BY 4.0

Published
2020
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32. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment:an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural–geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a2 = 0.43; 0.41–0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c2 = 0.31; 0.30–0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900–1949 (a2 = 0.44; 0.41–0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950–1989 (a2 = 0.38; 0.36–0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c2 = 0.31; 0.29–0.33 and c2 = 0.34; 0.32–0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.

Published
2020

33. Normobaric hypoxic conditioning in men with metabolic syndrome

Author

Klug, Lars, primary, Mähler, Anja, additional, Rakova, Natalia, additional, Mai, Knut, additional, Schulz-Menger, Jeanette, additional, Rahn, Gabriele, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Jordan, Jens, additional, Boschmann, Michael, additional, and Luft, Friedrich C., additional

Published
2018
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34. Association of current and former smoking with body mass index: A study of smoking discordant twin pairs from 21 twin cohorts

Author

Piirtola, Maarit, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Tomizawa, Rie, additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Dahl Aslan, Anna K., additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Korhonen, Tellervo, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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36. Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring Reveals Enormous Circadian Variations in Pregnant Diabetic Rats

Author

Golic, Michaela, primary, Kräker, Kristin, additional, Fischer, Caroline, additional, Alenina, Natalia, additional, Haase, Nadine, additional, Herse, Florian, additional, Schütte, Till, additional, Henrich, Wolfgang, additional, Müller, Dominik N., additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Bader, Michael, additional, and Dechend, Ralf, additional

Published
2018
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37. Association of Current and Former Smoking With Body Mass Index: a Study of Smoking Discordant Twin Pairs From 21 Twin Cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background. Methods and findings The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m(2) lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m(2) lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m(2) higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m(2) higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ cotwins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m(2), 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m(2), 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade. Conclusions Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m(2).

Published
2018

38. VEGF and GLUT1 are highly heritable, inversely correlated and affected by dietary fat intake: Consequences for cognitive function in humans

Author

Schueler, Rita, Seebeck, Nicole, Osterhoff, Martin A., Witte, Veronica, Floeel, Agnes, Busjahn, Andreas, Jais, Alexander, Bruening, Jens C., Frahnow, Turid, Kabisch, Stefan, Pivovarova, Olga, Hornemann, Silke, Kruse, Michael, Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H., Schueler, Rita, Seebeck, Nicole, Osterhoff, Martin A., Witte, Veronica, Floeel, Agnes, Busjahn, Andreas, Jais, Alexander, Bruening, Jens C., Frahnow, Turid, Kabisch, Stefan, Pivovarova, Olga, Hornemann, Silke, Kruse, Michael, and Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H.

Abstract

Objective: Reduction of brain glucose transporter GLUT1 results in severe neurological dysfunction. VEGF is required to restore and maintain brain glucose uptake across the blood brain barrier via GLUT1, which was shown to be acutely diminished in response to a high fat diet (HFD) in mice. The genetic and HFD-related regulation and association of VEGF and GLUT1 (SLC2A1) in humans was investigated in the NUtriGenomic Analysis in Twins (NUGAT) study. Methods: 92 healthy and non-obese twins were standardized to a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet for 6 weeks before switched to a 6-week HFD under isocaloric conditions. Three clinical investigation days were conducted: after 6 weeks of low-fat diet and after 1 and 6 weeks of HFD. Serum VEGF and other cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. Gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue was assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Genotyping was performed using microarray. The Auditory Verbal Learning Task was conducted to measure cognitive performance. Results: In this human study, we showed that the environmental regulation of SLC2A1 expression and serum VEGF by HFD was inversely correlated and both factors showed strong heritability (>90%). In response to the HFD containing 45% fat, serum VEGF levels increased (P = 0.002) while SLC2A1 mRNA expression in adipose tissue decreased (P = 0.001). Higher BMI was additionally associated with lower SLC2A1 expression. AA-genotypes of the rs9472159 polymorphism, which explained similar to 39% of the variation in circulating VEGF concentrations, showed significantly reduced serum VEGF levels (P = 6.4 x 10(-11)) but higher SLC2A1 expression (P = 0.009) in adipose tissue compared to CC/CAgenotypes after 6 weeks of HFD. Memory performance in AA-genotypes declined in response to the HFD compared to CC-and CA-genotypes. Conclusions: The results provide evidence to suggest the translatability of the dietary regulation of VEGF and GLUT1 from mouse models to humans. Our data demonstrate th

Published
2018

39. Continuous blood glucose monitoring reveals enormous circadian variations in pregnant diabetic rats

Author

Winterhager, Elke, Golic, Michaela, Kräker, Kristin, Fischer, Caroline, Alenina, Natalia, Haase, Nadine, Herse, Florian, Schütte, Till, Henrich, Wolfgang, Müller, Dominik N., Busjahn, Andreas, Bader, Michael, Dechend, Ralf, Winterhager, Elke, Golic, Michaela, Kräker, Kristin, Fischer, Caroline, Alenina, Natalia, Haase, Nadine, Herse, Florian, Schütte, Till, Henrich, Wolfgang, Müller, Dominik N., Busjahn, Andreas, Bader, Michael, and Dechend, Ralf

Abstract

Aim: Diabetes in pregnancy is a major burden with acute and long-term consequences. Its treatment requires adequate diagnosis and monitoring of therapy. Many experimental research on diabetes during pregnancy has been performed in rats. Recently, continuous blood glucose monitoring of non-pregnant diabetic rats revealed an increased circadian variability of blood glucose that made a single blood glucose measurement per day inappropriate to reflect glycemic status. Continuous blood glucose measurement has never been performed in pregnant rats. We wanted to perform continuous blood glucose monitoring in pregnant rats to decipher the influence of pregnancy on blood glucose in diabetic and normoglycemic status. Methods: We used the transgenic Tet29 diabetes rat model with an inducible knock down of the insulin receptor via RNA interference upon application of doxycycline (DOX) leading to insulin resistant type II diabetes. All Tet29 rats received a HD-XG telemetry implant (Data Sciences International, USA) that measured blood glucose and activity continuously. Rats were divided into four groups and blood glucose was monitored until end of pregnancy or the corresponding period: Tet29 + DOX (diabetic) non-pregnant, Tet29 + DOX (diabetic) pregnant, Tet29 (normoglycemic) non-pregnant, Tet29 (normoglycemic) pregnant. Results: All analyzed rats displayed a circadian variation in blood glucose concentration. Circadian variability was much more pronounced in pregnant diabetic rats than in normoglycemic pregnant rats. Pregnancy ameliorated variation in blood glucose in diabetic situation. Pregnancy continuously decreased blood glucose during normoglycemic pregnancy. Diabetic rats were less active than normoglycemic rats. We performed a calculation showing that application of continuous blood glucose measurement reduces animal numbers needed to detect a given effect in experimental setting by decreasing variability and SD. Interpretation: Continuous blood glucose monitoring via a

Published
2018

40. Association of current and former smoking with body mass index:A study of smoking discordant twin pairs from 21 twin cohorts

Author

Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret, I, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret, I, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background.METHODS AND FINDINGS: The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m2 lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m2 lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m2 higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m2 higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ co-twins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade.CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m2.

Published
2018

41. Additional file 1: Table S1. of Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi, Stazi, Maria, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Yoon-Mi Hur, Hoe-Uk Jeong, Silberg, Judy, Lindon Eaves, Maes, Hermine, Gombojav Bayasgalan, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai, Cutler, Tessa, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie, Mack, Thomas, Derom, Catherine, Vlietinck, Robert, Nelson, Tracy, Whitfield, Keith, Corley, Robin, Huibregtse, Brooke, McAdams, Tom, Eley, Thalia, Gregory, Alice, Krueger, Robert, McGue, Matt, Shandell Pahlen, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, Toos Van, Zengchang Pang, Qihua Tan, Dongfeng Zhang, Martin, Nicholas, Medland, Sarah, Montgomery, Grant, Hjelmborg, Jacob, Rebato, Esther, Swan, Gary, Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi, Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura, Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira, Hotopf, Matthew, Athula Sumathipala, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Magnusson, Patrik, Pedersen, Nancy, Aslan, Anna, Ordoñana, Juan, Sánchez-Romera, Juan, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam, Tarnoki, David, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John, Loos, Ruth, Dorret Boomsma, Sørensen, Thorkild, Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Sample size, mean, standard deviation and range for age by cohort in females from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Table S2. Sample size, mean, standard deviation, and range for age by cohort in males from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Table S3. Sample size, mean, and standard deviation for height (cm) and BMI (kg/m2) by cohort in females from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Table S4. Sample size, mean, and standard deviation for height (cm) and BMI (kg/m2) by cohort in males from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs. (DOCX 45 kb)

Published
2017
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42. Genetic And Environmental Effects On Body Mass Index From Infancy To The Onset Of Adulthood: An Individual-Based Pooled Analysis Of 45 Twin Cohorts Participating In The Collaborative Project Of Development Of Anthropometrical Measures In Twins (Codatwins) Study

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob vB, Moller, Soren, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly J., Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, and Hwang, Amie E.

Abstract

Background: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking.

Published
2016

43. Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rose, Richard J., additional, Koskenvuo, Markku, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Dahl Aslan, Anna K., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas S., additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Goldberg, Jack H., additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Maia, José A., additional, Freitas, Duarte L., additional, Turkheimer, Eric, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2017
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47. Reliability of peripheral arterial tonometry in patients with heart failure, diabetic nephropathy and arterial hypertension

Author

Weisrock, Fabian, primary, Fritschka, Max, additional, Beckmann, Sebastian, additional, Litmeier, Simon, additional, Wagner, Josephine, additional, Tahirovic, Elvis, additional, Radenovic, Sara, additional, Zelenak, Christine, additional, Hashemi, Djawid, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Krahn, Thomas, additional, Pieske, Burkert, additional, Dinh, Wilfried, additional, and Düngen, Hans-Dirk, additional

Published
2017
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48. Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H., primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Vuoksimaa, Eero, additional, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, D’Ippolito, Cristina, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Jang, Kerry L., additional, Christensen, Kaare, additional, Skytthe, Axel, additional, Kyvik, Kirsten O., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, McAdams, Tom A., additional, Eley, Thalia C., additional, Gregory, Alice M., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Swan, Gary E., additional, Krasnow, Ruth, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Silventoinen, Karri, additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2017
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49. Education in twins and their parents across birth cohorts over 100 years : an individual-level pooled analysis of 42 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J, Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling V, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, OEncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F, Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R, Sanchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Maia, Jose A, Freitas, Duarte L, Turkheimer, Eric, Sorensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J, Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling V, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, OEncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F, Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R, Sanchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Maia, Jose A, Freitas, Duarte L, Turkheimer, Eric, Sorensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

Published
2017

50. Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs. Methods: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese. Results: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance. Conclusions: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

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