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Background and Aims Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence is crucial for the development of atherosclerosis, characterized by metabolic abnormalities. Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), a metabolic regulator associated with ageing, might be implicated in atherosclerosis. As the role of TRAP1 in atherosclerosis remains elusive, this study aimed to examine the function of TRAP1 in VSMC senescence and atherosclerosis. Methods TRAP1 expression was measured in the aortic tissues of patients and mice with atherosclerosis using western blot and RT–qPCR. Senescent VSMC models were established by oncogenic Ras, and cellular senescence was evaluated by measuring senescence-associated β-galactosidase expression and other senescence markers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis was performed to explore the potential role of TRAP1 in atherosclerosis. Results VSMC-specific TRAP1 deficiency mitigated VSMC senescence and atherosclerosis via metabolic reprogramming. Mechanistically, TRAP1 significantly increased aerobic glycolysis, leading to elevated lactate production. Accumulated lactate promoted histone H4 lysine 12 lactylation (H4K12la) by down-regulating the unique histone lysine delactylase HDAC3. H4K12la was enriched in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) promoter, activating SASP transcription and exacerbating VSMC senescence. In VSMC-specific Trap1 knockout Apoe KO mice (Apoe KO Trap1 SMCKO), the plaque area, senescence markers, H4K12la, and SASP were reduced. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC)-mediated TRAP1 degradation effectively attenuated atherosclerosis in vivo. Conclusions This study reveals a novel mechanism by which mitonuclear communication orchestrates gene expression in VSMC senescence and atherosclerosis. TRAP1-mediated metabolic reprogramming increases lactate-dependent H4K12la via HDAC3, promoting SASP expression and offering a new therapeutic direction for VSMC senescence and atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performing data augmentation in medical named entity recognition (NER) is crucial due to the unique challenges posed by this field. Medical data is characterized by high acquisition costs, specialized terminology, imbalanced distributions, and limited training resources. These factors make achieving high performance in medical NER particularly difficult. Data augmentation methods help to mitigate these issues by generating additional training samples, thus balancing data distribution, enriching the training dataset, and improving model generalization. This paper proposes two data augmentation methods—Contextual Random Replacement based on Word2Vec Augmentation (CRR) and Targeted Entity Random Replacement Augmentation (TER)—aimed at addressing the scarcity and imbalance of data in the medical domain. When combined with a deep learning-based Chinese NER model, these methods can significantly enhance performance and recognition accuracy under limited resources. Experimental results demonstrate that both augmentation methods effectively improve the recognition capability of medical named entities. Specifically, the BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model achieved the highest F1 score of 83.587%, representing a 1.49% increase over the baseline model. This validates the importance and effectiveness of data augmentation in medical NER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demands of X‐ray detection and medical diagnosis, organic scintillators with intense and tunable X‐ray excited emission have been becoming important. To guarantee the X‐ray absorption, heavy atoms were widely added in reported organic scintillators, which led to emission quenching. In this work, we propose a new strategy to realize organic scintillators through the host‐guest doping strategy. Then the X‐ray absorption centers (host) and emission centers (guest) are separated. Under X‐ray excitation, these materials displayed intense and readily tunable emissions ranging from green (520 nm) to near infrared (NIR) regions (682 nm). Besides, the relationship between the X‐ray absorption and spatial arrangement of the heavy atoms in the host matrix was also revealed. The potential application of these wide‐range color tunable organic host‐guest scintillators in X‐ray imaging were demonstrated. This work provides a new feasible strategy for constructing high‐performance organic scintillators with tunable luminescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both sulfonyl and phosphorothioate are important privileged structural motifs which are widely presented in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Herein, we describe an efficient approach to synthesizing sulfonyl-containing phosphorothioates by merging photoredox and copper catalysis at room temperature. This protocol is compatible with a wide range of substrates and can be applied to the late-stage modification of complex molecules. Control experiments are conducted to demonstrate the generation of the sulfonyl radical in the transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient iron-catalyzed sulfur alkylation of sulfenamides with 2,2,2-trifluorodiazoethane is developed. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature in an open flask, enabling the rapid synthesis of trifluoromethylated sulfilimines in moderate to good yields with broad functional group tolerance. In addition, this operationally simple protocol could also be applied to access cyano- and phosphonyl-functionalized sulfilimines using diazoacetonitrile or diazomethylphosphonate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]