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The aim of the study was to expand the current knowledge base on problematic video gaming and ADHD with three objectives: 1) are there differences in the length of video gaming between boys with ADHD and typically developing boys ; 2) what are the predictors of problematic video gaming in boys with ADHD ; 3) does problematic video gaming affect academic performance and does ADHD diagnosis moderate this relationship. Symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity scale (SNAP IV), the Problematic Video Game Scale, and the Video Game Patterns Questionnaire were administered to 127 parents of elementary school boys in Croatia, 57 of whom were parents of boys with a clinical ADHD diagnosis and 70 of whom were parents of typically developing boys. The results show that there are no differences in length of play between ADHD and typically developing boys. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that age, ADHD diagnosis, and length of play are predictors of problematic video gaming. Inattention symptoms alone, independent of ADHD diagnosis, are a significant predictor of problematic video game playing and academic achievement whereas it seems that hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms are not predictors of problematic video gaming in boys.

In recent years, the demand for novel antioxidant agents derived from natural products is rising in the food industry. Medicinal plants such as bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L), sage (Salvia Officinalis L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) contain a variety of bioactive molecules that contribute to the plants' antioxidant potential. While the antioxidant potential of plant extracts and essential oils has been well researched, the potential of hydrosols secondary products of hydrodistillation process, has recently raised research interest. Hydrosols consist of distillation water with small amounts of dispersed essential oils which provide them antioxidant and antimicrobial properties potentially applicable in the food industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of hydrosols of bay laurel, sage and thyme, and their mixture (1:1:1) obtained during hydrodistillation on Clevenger apparatus, and to monitor their antioxidant stability through 28 days of storage at room temperature by DPPH Radical Scavenging and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. Bay laurel hydrosol showed the highest antioxidant activity on the first day with a value of 2000 µM of Trolox equivalents (TE) as determined by both DPPH and FRAP followed by the plant mixture (DPPH 1000 µM TE, FRAP 621 UM TE), thyme (DPPH and FRAP 370 µM TE) and sage whose antioxidant activity was at the bottom of detection level. Both FRAP and DPPH showed that the antioxidant activity of all hydrosols has gradually decreased down to approximately 50% after 28 days. Nevertheless, bay laurel hydrosol has shown the highest potential for application in the food industry, for example in minimal processing of fruits and vegetables with the goal of prolonged shelf life, since the DPPH and FRAP values were still relatively high (1000 µM TE) after 28 days.

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is an important area of research in nanotechnology due to their unusual size- and shape-dependent properties, strong antimicrobial activity and their attractive applications in medicine catalysis optoelectronics, and biotechnology. Various methods can be used for the synthesis of AgNPs such as the sol-gel method, chemical vapour deposition, or thermal decomposition, but these methods are often expensive and employ toxic chemicals. To overcome these drawbacks, biosynthetic approaches using water extracts from different organisms, including fungi, plants and algae, have recently emerged as simple and viable substitutes because they are simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly. Marine macroalgae or seaweeds, such as Fucus virsoides and Cystoseira barbata, are an abundant source of secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and proteins. Their aqueous extract can act as an efficient metal reducing agent as well as a capping agent to provide excellent stability to the formed nanoparticles. UV-visible spectroscopy is a very useful and reliable technique for the primary characterization of synthesized nanoparticles because the conducting electrons in the outer orbital of AgNPs resonate with specific wavelengths. Reduction of silver nitrate to AgNPs is confirmed with a peak in the range from 335 nm to 560 nm, while the absence of peaks indicates the absence of NP aggregation. In the present study, the water extracts of F. virsoides and C. barbata were used to prepare AgNPs by reducing Ag+ ions from a 1 mM silver nitrate solution to Ag0. Nanoparticle formation was confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy, with peaks detected at 380 nm for both algae. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesised nanoparticles against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thyphimunum, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Listera monocytogenes was investigated and compared with the antioxidant activity of the seaweed extracts.

Medicinal plant extracts can serve as the functional constituents for the dairy products enrichment due to the presence of bioactive compounds. Except beneficial effect on human health, plant extracts also have antimicrobial activity which can extend shelf life of foods. Plant extracts can be dried and added to milk raw materials in the powder form and the choice of extraction technique and conditions significantly affect the yield of target groups of bioactive molecules in powder production. In this study the yields of total phenolics (TP), flavonoids (TF), hydroxycinnamate acids (THCA), flavonols (TFL) and pigments (TPIG) of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.), bay (Laurus nobilis L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) leaves were evaluated using different extraction techniques and solvents, respectively. The selected plants were successive extracted with hexane, 80%-acetone and 96%-ethanol in shaking water bath (SWB) and under ultrasound-assisted (UAE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Mass fraction of TP, TF, THCA, TFL, TPIG were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The highest TP, TF and THCA content was determined in sage extracts obtained by UAE and the highest TFL content by SWB technique. Laurel extracts had the highest TPIG content using a SWB and ASE technique. In general, sage was richer source of phenolics and laurel of pigments while UAE technique was better method for phenolic and ASE for pigments extraction.

In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained interest in the research community due to their unique physico-chemical and biological properties which allow for their strong antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Various methods such as sol-gel method, chemical vapour deposition or thermal decomposition can be applied for the synthesis of AgNPs. however they often include the use of toxic chemicals. Therefore, biogenic synthesis using plant extracts has emerged as an environmentaly friendly method where different bioactive molecules Oxidize the Ag+ to Ag0, leading to the formation of nanoparticles. Medicinal plants such as nettle (Urtica dioica L), myrtle (Myrtus communis L) and bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L) contain a variety of bioactive molecules such as phenolic compounds, organic acids, tocopherols and terpenoids which give them potential for use in the green synthesis of AgNPs. The synthetized nanoparticles are most often monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy since the conducting electrones in the outer orbital of AgNPs oscillate in resonance with certain wavelengths. The peaks in the area near 335-560 nm generally confirm the reduction of silver nitrate into AgNPs, while the absence of peaks indicates the absence of NP aggregation. In the present research, nettle, myrtle and bay laurel leaf water extracts were used to prepare silver nanoparticles by reducing the Ag+ ions from a 1 mM silver nitrate solution to Ag0. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy where peaks were detected at 320 nm, 400 nm and 480 nm for nettle, myrtle and bay laurel extracts, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the synthetized nanoparticles against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thyphimurium, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes was investigated and compared to the antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts.

Medicinal and aromatic plants are a rich source of structurally diverse bioactive molecules (BAM) (polyphenols, dietary fiber, sterols, pigments, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, etc.) which possess various biological activities, and have a great potential for the application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Extraction is one of the most important steps in BAM isolation and can be affected by the applied extraction techniques, conventional or advanced with lower organic solvent consumption (microwave assisted, ultrasound assisted, pressurized liquid extraction, etc.) as well as various extraction conditions (pH, time, temperature, pressure, particle size, solvent, sample/solvent ratio, microwave power, etc.). Furthermore, for the dairy industry and production of enriched functional dairy products, liquid plant extracts are often processed into a more stable powder form by using appropriate encapsulation techniques. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic and comprehensive review of techniques used in the production of liquid plant extracts and powders, which have a great perspective for the application in the production of functional and/or enriched dairy products. Besides selection of the efficient extraction techniques and optimal extraction conditions, it is also important to conduct the economic feasibility study to determine which technique is the best choice for sustainable plant extracts and powder production from technical and economic aspects.

Recently, various techniques have been developed for encapsulating bioactive compounds to convert them into a more stable form. One of them is electrostatic extrusion, which is highly recommended for hydrophobic bioactive compounds such as essential oils (EOs). Among the various polymers, alginate is most commonly used as a core material. This is a naturally occurring polysaccharide found in brown algae and is characterized by high viscosity, gelling properties, high stability, low cost and non-toxicity. Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is a perennial aromatic and medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family. In addition to various phytochemicals, it also contains EOs which are found to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal and antiproliferative properties. Therefore, this study investigated the development of alginate-based beads containing sage EO prepared by electrostatic extrusion. For the preparation of beads, the content of alginate (0.5, 1 and 1.5%, w/v) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) (3 and 5%, w/v) was varied. Alginic acid sodium salt (low viscosity), previously dissolved in distilled water, sage EO (5%, w/v) and Tween 20 (0.5%, w/v) were homogenized at 10 000 rpm for 4 min. Beads were prepared with Büchi encapsulator B-390 (Flawil Switzerland) using a 1 mm stainless steel needle at a frequency of 80 Hz, a pressure of 1000 mbar, an amplitude of 6 and an electrostatic potential of 500 V. After collection in CaCl2 solution, the beads were washed in distilled water, drained and used for further analysis. Encapsulation yield (%) was expressed as the ratio between the amount of beads obtained and the amount of emulsion used for the encapsulation. The size of the beads was measured using a micrometer screw gauge and the average dmax, dmin and sphericity factor (SF) were calculated. All analyzed parameters were significantly affected by alginate and CaCl2 content, except for SF (Table 1). The highest encapsulation yield and bead size were obtained at the highest concentrations of alginate and CaCl2. In addition, the beads generally maintained their roundness. Although not significant, most spherical beads were produced with 1.5% alginate, while a lower CaCl2 content resulted in slightly elongated shape of the beads.

Gifted children with disabilities, or twice-exceptional students, differ from both gifted children and children with disabilities. Twice-exceptional students are students who show the potential for high achievement or creative productivity in one or more areas, and manifest one or more difficulties. The access to education and support that this group of children needs differs significantly from the approach and support that others need. This paper presents the results of research related to the characteristics, recognition and support for gifted students with learning disabilities, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder., Darovita djeca s teškoćama odnosno dvostruko izuzetni učenici razlikuju se i od darovite djece i od djece s teškoćama. Dvostruko izuzetni učenici su oni učenici koji pokazuju potencijal za visoka dostignuća ili kreativnu produktivnost u jednom ili više područja te također očituju jednu ili više teškoća. Pristup obrazovanju i podrška koju treba ova skupina djece bitno se razlikuje od pristupa i podrške koju trebaju ostali. U ovom su radu prikazani rezultati istraživanja koji se odnose na karakteristike, prepoznavanje i pružanje podrške darovitim učenicima s teškoćama učenja, ADHD poremećajem i poremećajem iz spektra autizma.

Since bioactive molecules are extremely sensitive to a number of external factors and are often unstable, they must be protected and stabilized by encapsulation methods such as spray drying and electrostatic extrusion. Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) has long been known for its beneficial therapeutic effects on disorders of various organic systems. Its essential oil is obtained by distillation of the leaves and contains various terpenoids, with 1, 8-cineole, myrtenyl acetate, and α-pinene predominating. Alginates isolated from brown seaweed are often used as carriers for encapsulation due to their gel forming property in the presence of divalent cations such as calcium where alginate solution containing bioactive compounds is first dispersed into small droplets and then solidified by gelation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of stabilization of myrtle essential oil by the formation of brown algae alginate beads. Myrtle essential oil beads were prepared by electrostatic extrusion encapsulation and the effect of the concentrations of sodium alginate as carrier (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) and calcium chloride as recipient (3 i 5%) on the yield and physical properties of the beads was studied. Myrtle essential oil (5%) was added to sodium alginate solutions together with 0.5% Tween 20 as emulsifier and homogenized with a mechanical stirrer at 10, 000 rpm for 4 min. Droplets were formed by extrusion on Büchi encapsulator by applying electrostatic potential of 500 V, frequency 80 Hz with 1 mm needle tip. Yield (Figure 1) was calculated as percentage of wet beads weight and showed significant differences between formulations. The lowest yields were obtained for the samples with the lowest concentration of Na-alginate (0.5%). For both CaCl2 concentrations an increase in encapsulation yield was observed with increasing Na-alginate concentration with the highest value determined in the sample prepared with 3% CaCl2 solution. Largest beads (Table 1) were produced with 1.5% alginate and 5% CaCl3 while 3% CaCl3 caused less variation between samples. Sphericity improved greatly with the addition of higher levels of Na-alginate.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je analizirati potrebu edukacijskih rehabilitatora za uključivanjem u superviziju u Hrvatskoj te utvrditi prediktore potrebe za uključivanjem u superviziju. Istraživanja i praksa pokazuju kako je supervizija kao profesionalna intervencija neophodna u profesionalnom razvoju svih onih koji neposredno rade s ljudima (Ajduković i Cajvert, 2001 ; Mesić i Ajduković, 2010). Razvojno-integrativna supervizija je jedna od vrsta supervizije koja ima za cilj razvoj profesionalne kompetentnosti stručnjaka u podržavajućem okruženju na način da u suradnji sa supervizorom stručnjak uči iz vlastitog iskustva te traži vlastita rješenja problema s kojima se susreće u radu (Ajduković i Cajvert, 2004). Cilj supervizije je potpora i rasterećenje stručnjaka u suočavanju sa svakodnevnim profesionalnim izazovima, razvoj profesionalne kompetencije te briga o vlastitom mentalnom zdravlju (Ajduković i Cajvert, 2004). Istraživanja potvrđuju kako supervizija doprinosi zadovoljstvu poslom i smanjenju stresa, smanjuje profesionalnu izolaciju, sprječava sagorijevanje i psihološko ili fizičko povlačenje s posla te poboljšava stručno rješavanje problema (Harvey i Pearrow, 2010). Edukacijski rehabilitatori kao profesionalni pomagači osjetljiviji su na stres i pojavu sagorijevanja u odnosu na ostale pomagačke struke te su u većem riziku za smanjeno postignuće i nezadovoljstvo poslom (Nichols i Sosnowski, 2002). Stoga bi za edukacijske rehabilitatore supervizija mogla imati osobno važnu ulogu. Istraživanje je provedeno elektronskim putem, anketnim online upitnikom u kojem je sudjelovalo 120 magistara edukacijske rehabilitacije na području Republike Hrvatske. Odgojno-obrazovna, socijalna i zdravstvena infrastruktura za djecu s teškoćama i osobe s invaliditetom Primošten, 6. - 8. travnja 2021. 33 Primijenjen je za ove svrhe adaptirani anketni upitnik autorica Kolege i Vlahović Štetić (2014) koji sadrži podatke o socioekonomskom statusu, skalu stresa na poslu (Cronbach alpha =0, 76), skalu zadovoljstva poslom (Cronbach alpha =0, 73), procjenu stupnja profesionalne osamljenosti na radnom mjestu te pitanja vezana za iskustvu i potrebu za supervizijom. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, 52, 5% sudionika (N=63) imalo je općenito iskustvo supervizije te je njih 26, 7% (N=32) imalo iskustvo razvojnointegrativne supervizije. Većina sudionika 76.7 % (N= 92) izražava potrebu za supervizijom. Rezultati regresijske analize pokazuju da je jedini statistički značajan prediktor potrebe za supervizijom iskustvo u superviziji (R=0, 36, R²=13, p

Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) is an evergreen aromatic shrub characteristic for Mediterranean area which has long been known for its many positive therapeutic effects. Myrtle leaf essential oil is used in the food and beverage, perfume and cosmetics industries as well as aromatherapy while berries are most commonly used as food spice and in liqueurs production. Myrtle essential oil is produced by water or steam distillation of its leaves, however, due to the low volatiles content, the yield is quite low. Therefore, to minimize the loss of volatile compounds of interest and reduce the particle size to a fine powder, cryogenic grinding at -196 °C can be used as an innovative grinding technique and a pre- treatment for the distillation. The influence of cryogenic grinding of myrtle leaves on the essential oil yield, quality and quantity of its components obtained by distillation on a Clevenger apparatus was investigated with the aim of shortening the distillation time and obtaining an essential oil with better properties. Cryogenic grinding of myrtle leaves was performed at 3, 6 and 9 minutes with untreated leaves used as control and the distillation time was set at 30, 60 and 90 minutes. GC-MS analysis of myrtle essential oil was able to detect and quantify 22 volatile constituents, mainly terpenoids, where the dominant compounds were 1, 8-cineol, myrtenyl acetate, α-pinene and linalool. Cryogenic grinding applied for 3 minutes, compared to the control, was able to significantly increase the yield and concentrations of individual compounds. This effect was specifically notable for low- boiling-point volatile compounds such as α- pinene, myrcene and 3-carene which concentrations increased 26.0, 28.2 and 28.9%, respectively, while total volatiles content increased by 9.8%. On the other hand, longer grinding time caused decrease of high-boiling- point volatile compounds and lower total volatiles content compared to the control. Considering the interaction of grinding and distillation time, total volatiles were the highest with 3 minutes of cryogenic grinding and 30 minutes of distillation yielding 18.1% more than with control in the same time period.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fennel essential oil (FEO) treatment on the shelf-life of fresh-cut potatoes (FCP). Peeled and sliced potatoes were immersed in the aqueous solution of various FEO levels (25, 125 and 250 mg/L) and water (control) for 15 minutes, subsequentely drained, packaged in vacuum and stored at 8 °C for 12 days. The CIELAB color parameters and aerobic mesophilic bacteria count (AMBC) of the raw FCP and sensory properties of the raw, boiled and fried samples were determined. AMBC decreased with increasing FEO level and generally this trend remained during storage. Slight negative changes in color were observed with increase of FEO content and with storage duration. The attributes of fennel taste and odor in raw and boiled potatoes increased with the increase of FEO, while FEO aroma was not pronounced after frying. Despite the antibacterial activity of FEO, spoilage of FCP was not prevented during storage. In general, after 6 days, the best results were obtained in terms of the absence of browning and off-odor of raw and off-taste and sour taste of boiled and fried FCP with 25 mg/L FEO treatment.

Istraživanja pokazuju kako stresori najnepovoljnije utječu na najranjivije skupine učenika, stoga je tijekom pandemije bolesti COVID- 19 važno posebnu pažnju posvetiti učenicima s teškoćama u razvoju (TuR) (npr. Algren i sur., 2018). Kako su dosadašnji podaci pokazali manjak sustavnog plana za rad s učenicima s TuR u Hrvatskoj, očekuje se da će okolnosti pandemije dodatno otežati postojeće prakse. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi inicijalne nastavničke prakse i doživljenu razinu stresa u radu s učenicima s TuR tijekom pandemije bolesti COVID-19. Podaci su prikupljeni online putem na nacionalnom probabilističkom stratificiranom uzorku u 80 osnovnih škola. Uzorak u ovom radu činilo je 978 nastavnika predmetne nastave koji u razrednim odjelima koje trenutno poučavaju imaju učenike s TuR (74 % ukupnog uzorka). Primijenjena je ljestvica od 8 tvrdnji koje su ispitivale nastavničke prakse s učenicima s TuR tijekom nastave na daljinu u protekloj školskoj godini te pitanje o tome koliko su im navedene aktivnosti predstavljale izvor stresa u poslu. Rezultati pokazuju kako je tijekom nastave na daljinu preko 80 % nastavnika često ili vrlo često prilagođavalo postupke vrednovanja, nastavne materijale i vrijeme za ispunjavanje zadataka za učenike s TuR, slalo dodatne materijale te pružalo individualnu podršku učenicima s TuR. Nadalje, 52.8 % nastavnika često je ili vrlo često surađivalo s pomoćnikom/com učenika s TuR. S druge strane, 40.1 % nastavnika je rijetko ili nije uopće komuniciralo sa stručnim suradnicima radi savjetovanja, a čak 60.9 % nastavnika je rijetko ili nije uopće kontaktiralo roditelje učenika s TuR u vezi izvođenja nastave ili vrednovanja. Također, utvrđeno je kako prilagođavanje nastave za učenike s TuR tijekom pandemije nastavnicima predstavlja umjerenu razinu stresa: gotovo 70 % nastavnika navodi kako su im navedene aktivnosti bile donekle ili prilično stresne. U radu se raspravlja o važnosti dobivenih nalaza i smjernicama za nastavak istraživanja.

Mirta (Myrtus communis L.) je višegodišnji samonikli grm koji raste na području Mediterana te je od davnina poznat po svojim blagotvornim terapeutskim učincima na organizam, posebice u liječenju probavnih (dijareja), dišnih (astma) i dermatoloških tegoba (psorijaza). Isto tako, bobice mirte koriste se u proizvodnji likera, a samljeveni listovi i u kulinarske svrhe tj. kao začin. Najznačajniji spojevi koji se nalaze u listovima mirte su fenolni spojevi, flavonoidi, tanini i monoterpenoidi dok su bobice dobar izvor antocijana i masnih kiselina. Ekstrakcija takvih spojeva se u novije vrijeme provodi alternativnim tehnikama koje reduciraju upotrebu otapala ili ih uopće ne koriste, ekološki su prihvatljive te su ekonomski dugoročno isplative. Jedna od njih je ekstrakcija superkritičnim CO2 pomoću koje je provedena izolacija bioaktivnih molekula iz bobica mirte. U ovom istraživanju, prema Box-Behnken dizajnu eksperimenta sa 17 pokusa i 5 ponavljanja u centralnoj točki, provedena je optimizacija procesa ekstrakcije. GC-MS analizom identificirano je 18 hlapljivih spojeva od kojih su dominantni bili mirtenil-acetat, 1, 8-cineol i α- pinen. Analiza varijance pokazala je značajan utjecaj temperature, tlaka i protoka CO2 na iskorištenje ekstrakcije i udjele pojedinih sastavnica. Definirani su uvjeti u kojima se postiže maksimalno iskorištenje ekstrakcije i najviši udjeli dominantnih hlapljivih spojeva – temperatura od 60 °C, tlak od 200 bara i protok CO2 od 40 g/min.

Due to their great diversity, Mediterranean plants possess a wide range of bioactive molecules among which the pigments represent one of the major constituents. Thus, this study examined composition and properties of pigments from several Mediterranean shrubs and subshrubs (Myrtus communis, Pistacia lentiscus, Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis, and Laurus nobilis) collected in the Adriatic coastal area. Pigments were extracted by successive solvent extraction of leaves with hexane, 80%-acetone, and 96%-ethanol and agitation-assisted extraction (AAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were compared. In the obtained extracts, the content of total pigments and antioxidant capacity were determined spectrophotometrically, while individual chlorophylls and carotenoids were analyzed using HPLC DAD analysis. Pheophytin a, b and b’, followed by chlorophyll a and b, were dominant chlorophyll molecules while lutein and β-carotene were dominant carotenoids. Overall extracted pigments were determined in the range of 73.84 – 127.60 mg 100 g-1 and were the lowest in T. vulgaris with no significant differences between other species, while M. communis extracts contained the most carotenoids. Antioxidant capacity was highest in M. communis and P. lentiscus and showed a moderate positive correlation with carotenoids and chlorophylls levels. Even though AAE and PLE had similar efficacy, preference can be given to the PLE method due to its shorter extraction time and lower solvent consumption. Successive solvent extraction has confirmed differences in the polarity of determined pigments as most of them had medium-level polarity and dissolved in 80%-acetone as a medium polar solvent. Examined plant species certainly expressed their diversity and potential in the application of various functional products.

Marine organisms are potential sources of valuable bioactive molecules such as fatty acids, sterols and pigments which can be used in the development of new nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Because of their high productivity, diversity and traditional diet consumption in China and Japan, particular interest is attributed to seaweeds. Considering that conventional extraction (CE) techniques are time consuming and require high solvent input, advanced techniques e.g. accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) are being developed. In this research, the impact of different solvents (hexane and ethyl acetate:ethanol 1:1 (v/v)) and extraction methods (CE and ASE at 25 and 100 °C) on the lipid extract yield, fatty acid and pigment composition of different types of seaweed were investigated. All the macroalgae (Cystoseira barbata, Codium bursa, Cystoseira compressa and Fucus virsoides) originated from the Adriatic Sea and were collected in the Zadar region. Palmitic (16, 98 %), oleic (26, 10 %) and linolenic (5, 97 %) fatty acids were the most represented in all four tested species. Macroalgae Cystoseira barbata had the best ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids ratio, while yield and total pigments were the highest in Fucus virsoides extracts. Solvent type had significant impact on total pigments, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, protochlorophyll with ethyl acetate:ethanol showing better efficiency. Even though ASE did not result in higher lipid extract yield, contents of carotenoids and total pigments were the highest in ASE 100 samples. Results of sterol determination which was made in order to obtain additional information for species differentiation showed that Cystoseira barbata extracts had the highest levels of total sterol among which fucosterol was dominant. Fucosterol also comprised more than 90 % of Fucus virsoides sterol profile while β-sitosterol was dominant in Codium bursa and Cystoseira compressa.

This anthology is addressed to anyone searching for examples of individually tailored inclusive practices in the community of the class, with a critical view of their successes, shortcomings and obstacles. The book is divided into three parts: Part One contains articles that outline important aspects of the research cooperation. Part Two presents individual summaries of findings from each of the seven studies. Part Three consists of the joint comparative research report. This is the third and final anthology related to the international comparative research cooperation project WB 04/06: Development towards the Inclusive School: Practices – Research – Capacity Building.

The sage (Salvia officinalis), laurel (Laurus nobilis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), mastic tree (Pistacia lenticus L.), carob (Ceratonia siliqua) and myrtle (Myrtus communis) has many potential applications due to large number of bioactive molecules (BAM) with high antioxidant capacity (AOC). Currently it is an increasing interest in using these plants in the production of plant extracts (PE) and essential oils (EO) for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, extraction yield and antioxidant activity of PE depend on selection of appropriate extraction technique and solvent used for extraction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the AOC of PE obtained by successive extraction with three different extraction solvents (hexane, 80 % acetone and 96 % ethanol) and extraction techniques (ultrasound assisted (UAE), accelerated solvent (ASE) and shaking water bath extraction). The plant extracts were analysed using the ORAC method. Results showed that ASE is the most appropriate method for extraction BAC’s from thyme, mastic tree and carob while UAE was better method for sage and laurel, whose extracts contribute the highest AOA.

Mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) are traditional medicinal plants characterized with a wide spectrum of bioactive molecules, thus presenting a valuable source for various applications. For the extraction of natural antioxidants miscellaneous extraction methods are being used, among which accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) represents an advanced extraction technique. However, due to the diverse chemical structure, extraction of target compounds depends on the used solvent type. Hence, this study involved the three-step extraction of polyphenols and pigments from mastic and thyme dry leaves using ASE (60 °C/3×5 min) and agitation-assisted extraction (AAE) (60 °C/30 min) with solvents arranged by their polarity: hexane was used for the first fraction, followed by acetone (80%) and finally ethanol (96%). Obtained fractions were analyzed for total content of polyphenols (TP), hydroxycinnamic acids (THCA), flavonols (TFL), chlorophylls (TCHL) and carotenoids (TCAR). Statistical analysis of obtained results showed significant (p≤0.05) differences in fractions' composition among plants and applied extraction methods. Acetone fraction was the most abundant with all analyzed compounds accompanied with the greater ASE efficiency, especially in polyphenols’ isolation. In hexane and ethanol fractions, longer AAE time resulted with greater performance in extraction of polyphenols, while higher pigments yields were achieved with ASE. Although mastic tree dominated in TP content, extracts of both plants showed their abundance of bioactives, proving their potential for further implementation in various food products. Further optimization of ASE conditions could contribute to even better extraction efficiency.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj različitih otapala (heksan (H) i etil acetat:etanol=1:1 (E-E)) te metoda ekstrakcije (klasična ekstrakcija na sobnoj temperaturi (K) i ubrzana ekstrakcija otapalima pri povišenom tlaku, ASE) na udio lipida i pigmenata kod različtih vrsta morskih algi (Cystoseira barbata, Codium bursa, Cystoseira compressa te Fucus virsoides). U svim dobivenim lipidnim ekstraktima je određen sastav masnih kiselina, a sastav sterola je određen u heksanskim ekstraktima s najvećim udjelom ulja. Nadalje, spektrofotometrijski je određen sastav pigmenata; klorofili (a i c), karotenodi te protoklorofili. Najbolji omjer ω-6/ω-3 masnih kiselina, bogat izvor sterola i pigmenata te gotovo najviše ulja je ekstrahirano iz makroalge Cystoseira barbata. Dobiveni podaci su statistički analizirani te je u većini slučajeva vrsta alge imala značajan utjecaj, a tretmani i otapala su pokazala značajan utjecaj samo u pojedinim slučajevima. Najveći udio ulja je ekstrahiran konvencionalnom metodom korištenjem oba otapala, a pigmenata primjenom ASE pri 100 °C s otapalom E-E. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of solvents (hexane (H) and ethyl acetate:ethanol=1:1 (E-E)) and extraction methods (classis extraction and accelerated solvent extraction, ASE) on the lipid and pigment content of different types of seaweed (Cystoseira barbata, Codium bursa, Cystoseira compressa and Fucus viroids). The fatty acid composition was determined in all the lipid extracts and the sterol composition was determined in the hexane extracts with the highest oil content. Furthermore, the composition of the pigments was determined spectrophotometrically; chlorophylls (a and c), carotenoids and protochlorophylls. The best ratio of ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids, a rich source of sterols and pigments and almost the higher content of oil was extracted from macroalgae Cystoseira barbata. The data obtained were statistically analyzed and in most cases the type of algae had more significant impact than treatments and solvents that showed a significant impact only in some cases. The highest oil content was extracted by conventional method using both solvents as well as pigments collected with E-E_ASE 100.

Rad prezentira projekt/istraživanje, govori o zapošljavanju osoba s invaliditetom s posebnim naglaskom na zapošljavanje osoba intelektualnim teškoćama i zapošljavanje uz podršku, o metodama istraživanja (kvantitativne i kvalitativne), rezultatima kvantitativnog dijela istraživanja (osobe s invaliditetom, obitelji, suradnici) i rezultatima kvalitativnog dijela istraživanja iz perspektive osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama, osoba s invaliditetom, poslodavca i predstavnika resornih institucija lokalne zajednice.

U radu se govori o značaju rada u životu čovjeka, predstavlja poslodavac - grupacija poduzeća te se detaljno opisuje istraživanje pod nazivom „Društveno-ekonomska dobrobit zapošljavanja osoba s invaliditetom u trgovačkim društvima grupe Calzedonia u Hrvatskoj“. Na samom kraju prezentirani su preliminarni rezultati spomenutog istraživanja.

Most of the people that suffer from ADHD have at least one additional diagnosis. ADHD can have any condition or disorder as its comorbidity but certain conditions appear more often than others. Those are learning difficulties, depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, tic disorder and Tourette syndrome, eating disorder, sleeping disorder (Robin & Barkley, 1998.). The first aim of this research was to examine comorbidity of ADHD among children and adolescents who came to Centre for rehabilitation of Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences of University of Zagreb. The second aim was to get insight about cognitive profile (WISC IV Scale) of children with ADHD. The sample consists of 183 children and adolescents with ADHD diagnose who came to Centre for rehabilitation of Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences of University of Zagreb. Through reading assessment reports of children and adolescents it was examined whether they have additional diagnosis, if so, what are they and how many are there. About 50% of children have some working memory problems and 40% have problems in speed information processing. Results of this study were compared with research results from other countries.

Cilj ovog rada je usporediti utjecaj toplinskog tretmana pri različitim temperaturama (20, 30, 40, 50 i 60°C) te duljini tretmana (5 i 10 minuta) s netoplinskim tretmanom-hladnom plazmom na izazvane stresne parametre (stupanj redukcije i istjecanje staničnog sadržaja) čiste kulture Escherichie coli uz praćenje fizikalno kemijskih parametara (pH, električna vodljivost i koncentracija slobodnih radikala). Kroz rezultate eksperimenata vidljiv je veći stupanj inaktivacije korištenjem hladne plazme pri nižim temperaturama u kraćem vremenu u odnosu na dulje toplinske tretmane kod kojih je ostvaren isti inaktivacijski učinak. TakoĎer, analizom kemijskih parametara praćena je prisutnost nastajanja slododnih radikala tijekom tretmana s ciljem odreĎivanja mehanizma inaktivacije Escherichie coli. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of thermal treatment at different temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 ° C) and the length of treatment (5 and 10 minutes) with nonthermal plasma treatment on stress parameters (the degree of reduction and extinction of cellular content ) of pure Escherichia coli culture with the monitoring of physico-chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity and free radical concentration). Through the results of the experiment, a higher degree of inactivity was observed by using cold plasma at lower temperatures in the shortest time compared to longer thermal treatments with the same inactivation effect. Also, by analysis of chemical parameters, the presence of formation of radicals during the treatment was monitored in order to determine the mechanism of inactivation of Escherichia coli.

Number of studies indicate attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a risk factor for bullying. Children with ADHD are more likely to engage in bullying, either as being victims or being perpetrators of bullying in comparison with their classmates. Characteristics of children with ADHD such as poor impulse control, difficulties in emotional regulation and in interpretation of social codes, increase their vulnerability to bullying participation. Our previous research show that teachers as well as students estimate that students with ADHD are more victims and bullies in relation to typical students. However, teachers noticed bullying and victimization to a lesser degree than students with and without ADHD. The objective of this study is to investigate correlation between teacher’s assessments and children’s with ADHD assessments of victimization and bullying, a correlation between the teacher's assessment and confiding children to others and a correlation between the confidence of children and consequence to further victimization. Sample consist of children with ADHD (N=47) and typical children (N=47) from the same school, same class, equalized by sex, academic success and family context, aged from 10 to 15, and their teachers (N=47). The study uses an adaptation of the School Bullying Questionnaire (UŠN-2003 ; Buljan Flander, Karlović and Štimac, 2003) designed in line with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and version of School Bullying Questionnaire (UŠN-2003) for teachers. Results: There is a significant correlation between the assessments of teachers and children with ADHD regarding victimization, while the assessments of bullying are not in correlation. Conversely, teachers’ and typical children assessments of bullying are in correlation, while assessments of victimization are not. Teacher's assessment of victimization of children with ADHD is in correlation with confiding in teachers and parents, while teacher’s assessment of victimization of typical children is in correlation with confiding in siblings, parents and teachers. Teacher’s assessment of bullying of children with ADHD is in correlation with confiding in parents, while their assessment of bullying of typical children is in correlation with confiding in parents and teachers. There are correlation between the confiding of children with ADHD and continuing of verbal and physical victimization as well as with stopping of verbal and physical victimization. As opposed to that, confiding of typical children is in correlation with stopping of verbal and physical victimization. These results contribute to better understanding of the experience of victimization and bullying in children with ADHD, which opens the possibility of raising teacher’s awareness.

The theoretical framework of this study is the human rights based approach. The main aim of the study is to analyze the circumstances and reasons that led to the separation of disabled children from their families and their placement in institutions. Furthermore, conditions in several institutions will be presented. The project was conducted from October 2012 to January 2013 by researchers from the Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, and the Department of Social Work at the Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb in cooperation with the UNICEF Office for Croatia, the Ministry of Social Policy and Youth, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatian. Research took place in the cities of Rijeka, Kraljevica, Lovran, Pula, Split, Šibenik, Kaštel, Sv. Filip i Jakov, Osijek, Vinkovci, Daruvar, Čakovec, Budinšćina, Gornja Bistra and Zagreb. Data about 180 children with disabilities (intellectual, multiple, autism spectrum disorder etc.) in permanent placement in 24 institutions in Croatia were collected and analyzed using quantitative research methods. For that purpose, children documentation was analyzed (Protocol for Document Analysis) and two questionnaires (General Data Questionnaire GDQ, Quality of Support for the Children in Institutions SDQ) for experts who work directly with children were developed and administered. Results will present general information about children with disabilities placed in institutions (number, age, types of disabilities, family background), information about placement (duration, distance from home, transfer) and information about institutions (conditions). Quantitative results will be illustrated by examples. Some of the results showed that mean age of children is 12, the majority of children (63%) have multiple disabilities, more than half (66.3%) have low social and economic status, the mean duration of placement is 4 years, 30% of children were placed in institutions more than 150 kilometers from home. Obtained results help us to gain insight into the position of children with disabilities who live in institutions. Those findings could be a basis for policy and programs’ advocacy towards full protection of CWD rights and towards providing support to deinstitutionalization.

Prikazane su razlike u socio-emocionalnoj kompetenciji i školskom postignuću učenika u odnosu na kvalitetu inkluzije pojedine škole.

Positive outcomes of high inclusive quality schools are presented.