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Background: Inflammation plays a central role in many chronic diseases that characterize modern society. Leptin/adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratios have been recognized as notable markers of dysfunctional adipose tissue and, consequently, an inflammatory state. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 41 adult volunteers (40.2 ± 8.3 years) diagnosed with severe obesity (BMI 46.99; 42.98–51.91 kg/m2). The adipokines were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the serum fatty acid analysis was conducted using chromatography. Results: The results unveiled a positive correlation between the leptin/adiponectin ratio and the 20:3n6 fatty acid (r = 0.52, p = 0.001), as well as a similar positive correlation between the adiponectin/leptin ratio and the 22:6n3 fatty acid (r = 0.74, p = 0.001). In the regression analysis, the 22:6n3 fatty acid predicted the adiponectin/leptin ratio (β = 0.76, p < 0.001), whereas C20:3 n-6 was a predictor for inflammatory markers (β = 4.84, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, the 22:6n3 fatty acid was demonstrated to be a predictive factor for the adiponectin/leptin ratio and C20:3 n-6 was a predictor for inflammatory markers. This discovery, novel within this population, can help develop new intervention strategies aimed at controlling the inflammatory status in individuals classified as having severe obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the impact of semi-intensive and intensive interdisciplinary weight-loss therapies on the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) and selected inflammatory markers in adolescents with obesity. Methods: The study included 166 adolescents enrolled in two groups for 22 weeks: the intensive group (inperson aerobic and resistance exercise three times a week, and psychological and nutritional counselling once a week), or the semi-intensive group (six in-person exercise orientation meetings and six in-person psychological support sessions with an online nutritional and exercise program). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, triglycerides (TG), leptin and adiponectin were assessed before and after the interventions. Results: Body weight and waist circumference decreased in both groups (P<0.001) and large effect sizes (X2= 0.586 and X2=0.465, respectively) were noted. Significant time and group interactions were found (P=0.001) with medium effect sizes (X2=0.095 and X2=0.105, respectively). The prevalence of MS decreased from 27.9% to 13.1% (P=0.012) and 29.4% to 5.9% (P=0.004) in the semi-intensive and intensive groups, respectively. All MS risk factors decreased significantly over time (P<0.001) and a significant time*group interaction was observed (P<0.05), except for fasting TG (P=0.832) and glucose (P=0.128, X2=0.021). Conclusion: The results suggested that both approaches promoted significant clinical improvement in the condition of adolescents with MS and reduced associated risk factors. Studies that consider the cost effectiveness of both treatments are still needed to determine whether semi-intensive care, with its lower financial costs, may be a suitable option to treat obesity and MS in adolescents with obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se is an essential micronutrient required for normal growth, development and antioxidant defence. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of dietary Se sources and levels on the antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. First-feeding fry (initial body weight: 91 mg) were fed either a plant- or fishmeal-based diet containing 0·5 or 1·2 mg Se/kg diet supplemented or not with 0·3 mg Se/kg diet supplied as Se-enriched yeast or sodium selenite for 12 weeks at 17°C. Growth and survival of rainbow trout fry were not significantly affected by dietary Se sources and levels. Whole-body Se was raised by both Se sources and to a greater extent by Se-yeast. The reduced:oxidised glutathione ratio was raised by Se-yeast, whereas other lipid peroxidation markers were not affected by dietary Se. Whole-body Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was enhanced in fish fed Se-yeast compared to fish fed sodium selenite or non-supplemented diets. Activity and gene expression of this enzyme as well as gene expression of selenoprotein P (SelP) were reduced in fish fed the non-supplemented plant-based diet. Catalase, glutamate-cysteine ligase and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expressions were reduced by Se-yeast. These results suggest the necessity to supplement plant-based diets with Se for rainbow trout fry, and highlight the superiority of organic form of Se to fulfil the dietary Se requirement and sustain the antioxidant status of fish. GPX and SelP expression proved to be good markers of Se status in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic alterations related to abdominal obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance, which increase cardiovascular disease and mortality. The aims of the present study were to identify the prevalence of comorbidities and altered parameters in obese adolescents with and without MetS, and determine cut-off points of waist circumference to predict MetS. Methods: 195 obese adolescents were recruited and divided according to MetS diagnosis based on IDF criteria. Blood analyses of glucose, lipids, liver enzymes, adiponectin and leptin were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA-IR, QUICKI and HOMA-AD. Visceral, subcutaneous and hepatic fat were ultrasonography obtained. Body composition was estimated by BOD POD system. Results: We observed a prevalence of 25% of MetS (n=50). The MetS group presented significantly higher body mass, BMI, body fat (kg), free-fat mass (kg), waist circumference, visceral fat, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, total-cholesterol, LDL-c, VLDL-c, triglycerides, liver enzymes, blood pressure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Significant lower QUICKI and adiponectin were noted in MetS group. MetS girls presented significantly higher leptin/adiponectin ratio compared to Non-MetS girls. Cut-off points of 111.5 cm for boys and 104.6 cm for girls of waist circumference were suggested to predict metabolic syndrome. Moreover, waist circumference was positively correlated with visceral fat and the number of metabolic syndrome parameters. Conclusion: MetS group presented significantly higher metabolic alterations and inflammation compared to Non-MetS group. Waist circumference is considered an anthropometric measure predictor of metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents, being useful in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic alteration related to abdominal obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance, which increase cardiovascular disease and mortality. The aims of the present study were to identify the prevalence of comorbidities and altered parameters in obese adolescents with and without MetS, and determine cut-off points of waist circumference to predict MetS., Methods: 195 obese adolescents were recruited and divided according to MetS diagnosis based on IDF criteria. Blood analyses of glucose, lipids, liver enzymes, adiponectin and leptin were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA-IR, QUICKI and HOMA-AD. Visceral, subcutaneous and hepatic fat were ultrasonography obtained. Body composition was estimated by BOD POD system., Results: We observed a prevalence of 25% of MetS (n=50). The MetS group presented significant higher body mass, BMI, body fat (kg), free-fat mass (kg), waist circumference, visceral fat, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, total-cholesterol, LDL-c, VLDL-c, triglycerides, liver enzymes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and blood pressure. Significant lower QUICKI and adiponectin in MetS group were noted. MetS girls presented significant higher leptin/adiponectin ratio compared to Non-MetS girls. Cut-off points of 111.5 cm for boys and 104.6 cm for girls of waist circumference were suggested to predict metabolic syndrome. Moreover, waist circumference was positive correlated with visceral fat and the number of metabolic syndrome parameters., Conclusion: MetS group presented significant higher metabolic alterations and inflammation compared to Non-MetS group. Waist circumference is considered an anthropometric measure predictor of metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents, being useful in clinical practice., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)