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• Formation of tumor is due to the somatic mutations in genome, same phenotypic expression of various cancer types • Different plant derived compounds can be utilized for cancer treatments • Plant-based drugs offers potential advantages in terms of selectivity, efficacy, and reduced off-target toxicities • Combinatorial formulations is one of the potential alternative for cancer treatment Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cells that has been attributed to various factors due to the advancement in cell biology and widespread genomic studies. Traditional chemotherapy in which a single cause is targeted is not a viable option for cancer treatment as multiple factors like various genes or epigenetic factors are found to be responsible for cancer phenotype. Formation of tumor is due to the somatic mutations in genome, same phenotypic expression of various cancer types. Many times, chemotherapy drugs given in two different patients of similar types of cancer do not produce the same effect in both the patients due to different somatic mutations or different genes involved in the same cancer phenotype. Thus, mono-target therapy usually encounters more failures than successes. In the past decades, research has begun to understand the various genetic mutations involved in a variety of cancers and this knowledge could be used to guide a new generation of medicinal chemists to design and discover novel drug moieties which would be able to influence multiple targets involved in tumor expression. Combinatorial formulations (synthetic as well as natural) could be beneficial in such a scenario. In this review, mechanisms of cancer, conventional methods to treat cancer and various plant secondary metabolites for effective treatment of cancer have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread exponentially, leading to an alarming number of deaths worldwide. A devastating effect has been observed in susceptible populations. Our body's immune system plays a very important role in fighting against diseases. The principle of herd immunity (also known as population immunity), which has found its way into science and has been in the limelight, is the most widely recognised among all. It is an indirect defence against infectious diseases when a community gained immunity, either through vaccines or through prior infection. Herd immunity against COVID-19 must be achieved to reduce the transmission of disease and save lives. Therefore, this review provides a comprehension of the role of immunity, with a special emphasis on herd immunity against COVID-19, and the ways to attain herd immunity in India have also been discussed., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer, demonstrates the least life expectancy among all brain cancers. Because of the regulation of diverse signaling pathways in cancers, the chemotherapeutic approaches used to suppress their multiplication and spread are restricted. Sensitivity towards chemotherapeutic agents has been developed because of the pathological and drug-evading abilities of these diverse mechanisms. As a result, the identification and exploration of strategies or treatments, which can overcome such refractory obstacles to improve glioblastoma response to treatment as well as recovery, is essential. Medicinal herbs contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, which could trigger aggressive brain cancers, regulate their anti-cancer mechanisms and immune responses to assist in cancer elimination, and cause cell death. Numerous tumor-causing proteins, which facilitate invasion as well as metastasis of cancer, tolerance of chemotherapies, and angiogenesis, are also inhibited by these phytochemicals. Such herbs remain valuable for glioblastoma prevention and its incidence by effectively being used as anti-glioma therapies. This review thus presents the latest findings on medicinal plants using which the extracts or bioactive components are being used against glioblastoma, their mechanism of functioning, pharmacological description, and recent clinical studies conducted on them., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)