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Objective: To assess at 24 months corrected age (CA) the neurological, respiratory, and general health status of children born prematurely from 27 +0 to 33 +6 weeks’ gestation who were treated in a first-in-human study with a new fully synthetic surfactant (CHF5633) enriched with SP-B and SP-C proteins. Outcome measures: Children were assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID), with a score below normal defined as BSID-II Mental Development Index score

To investigate the efficacy and safety of nebulized poractant alfa (at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses) delivered in combination with nasal continuous positive airway pressure compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure alone in premature infants with diagnosed respiratory distress syndrome.This randomized, controlled, multinational study was conducted in infants at 28In total, 129 infants were randomized. No significant differences were observed for the primary outcome: 24 (57%), 20 (49%), and 25 (58%) infants received endotracheal surfactant and/or mechanical ventilation within 72 hours in the poractant alfa 200 mg/kg, poractant alfa 400 mg/kg, and nasal continuous positive airway pressure groups, respectively. Similarly, secondary respiratory outcomes did not differ among groups. Enrollment was halted early owing to a change in the benefit-risk balance of the intervention. Nebulized poractant alfa was well-tolerated and safe, and no serious adverse events were related to the study treatment.The intervention did not decrease the likelihood of respiratory failure within the first 72 hours of life.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03235986.

Patients with COPD who have higher eosinophil numbers in the airways and peripheral blood demonstrate a greater clinical response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) [1–3]. Furthermore, the effect of the oral phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor roflumilast on exacerbations in severe COPD patients with chronic bronchitis, who are treated with ICS and long-acting bronchodilators, also appears to be greater at higher blood eosinophil counts [4]. The mechanisms responsible for these differential drug effects remain to be defined, but may relate to increased type-2 inflammation and/or decreased presence of colonising airway bacteria in COPD patients with more eosinophils [5, 6], leading to different responses to anti-inflammatory drugs. An association between blood and sputum eosinophils has been observed in some, but not all studies [7–12]. Accurate sputum eosinophil count measurement requires good quality samples to make cytospins where eosinophils can be clearly counted; variable quality of sputum samples, particularly in multicentre studies, will affect the ability to show a relationship with blood eosinophil counts., PDE4 inhibition reduces sputum eosinophils in those COPD patients with higher eosinophil counts. This evidence supports an effect of PDE4 inhibitors on eosinophilic inflammation. https://bit.ly/3airXw7

Objective To compare efficacy and safety of a new synthetic surfactant, CHF5633, enriched with surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C peptide analogues, with porcine surfactant, poractant alfa, for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in infants born preterm. Study design Neonates born preterm on respiratory support requiring fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≥0.30 from 240/7 to 266/7 weeks and FiO2 ≥0.35 from 270/7 to 296/7 weeks of gestation to maintain 88%-95% oxygen saturation were randomized to receive 200 mg/kg of CHF5633 or poractant alfa. If necessary, redosing was given at 100 mg/kg. Efficacy end points were oxygen requirement (FiO2, respiratory severity score [FiO2 × mean airway pressure]) in the first 24 hours, 7 and 28 days, discharge home, and/or 36 weeks of postmenstrual age; mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days and 36 weeks of PMA. Adverse events and immunogenicity were monitored for safety. Results Of the 123 randomized neonates, 113 were treated (56 and 57 in CHF5633 and poractant alfa groups, respectively). In both arms, FiO2 and respiratory severity score decreased from baseline at all time points (P Conclusions Treatment with CHF5633 showed similar efficacy and safety as poractant alfa in neonates born preterm with moderate-to-severe respiratory distress syndrome. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT02452476 .

Fabrizia Mariotti,1 Mirco Govoni,1 Germano Lucci,1 Debora Santoro,1 Marie Anna Nandeuil2 1Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; 2Global Clinical Development, Chiesi S.A.S., Courbevoie, France Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of CHF6001, an inhaled phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor.Materials and methods: Two healthy volunteer, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were conducted. In each, Part 1 evaluated single ascending doses, with PK sampling up to 48 hours post-dose; Part 2 evaluated multiple ascending doses (Study 1, 7 days; Study 2, 14 days), with PK sampling up to 24 hours post-dose on first and last day of each period. In Study 1, treatments were administered via single-dose dry-powder inhaler (SDDPI; Aerolizer): Part 1, 20, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, and 2,000 µg or placebo; Part 2, 100, 300, 600, 1,200, and 1,600 µg or placebo once daily (OD). In Study 2, treatments were administered via multi-dose dry-powder inhaler (MDDPI; NEXThaler): Part 1, 2,400, 4,000, and 4,800 µg or placebo; Part 2, 1,200, 2,000, or 2,400 µg twice daily (BID) or placebo. Modeling and simulation then compared OD and BID dosing via MDDPI.Results: There was a clear correlation between CHF6001 dose and plasma concentration, following single and multiple doses and using SDDPI and MDDPI. CHF6001 plasma concentration area under the curve (AUC) was dose proportional, with steady state slopes of the fitted line of 0.95 (90% CI: 0.86, 1.04) for AUC0–24 h in Study 1, and 0.85 (90% CI: 0.38, 1.32) for AUC0–12 h in Study 2. Bioavailability was ~30% higher with MDDPI than SDDPI. The PK simulation confirmed dose proportionality; the same total daily dose OD or BID via MDDPI resulted in similar 24 hours exposure, with BID dosing providing smaller fluctuation and lower maximum concentration. CHF6001 was well tolerated with no relationship between dose and adverse events.Conclusion: CHF6001 demonstrated a good safety profile. There was a clear dose proportionality for systemic exposure, with higher bioavailability via MDDPI, suggesting that the MDDPI provides better pulmonary drug deposition. BID dosing was associated with a better exposure profile. Keywords: healthy volunteers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, pharmacokinetics

Aim Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) has been shown to decrease the risk of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates. The LISAcath is the first catheter to be specifically developed for LISA, and we compared the clinical impressions of neonatologists using the LISAcath and the commonly used Angiocath in a simulated setting. Methods This was a multinational, multicentre study, conducted in October 2016, which involved 39 neonatologists who were recruited by employees of the sponsor from large, well‐recognised neonatal intensive care units across Europe. LISA was not the standard of care in these units in Austria, Belgium, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom at the time of the study. After training, participants simulated LISA on a neonatal manikin, once with the LISAcath and once with Angiocath, then answered a 10‐item questionnaire. Results The responses to nine of 10 questions showed that 67‐95% of the respondents preferred the LISAcath to the Angiocath, with most of the remainder indicating no preference. The only exception was the luer connection question, with two‐thirds expressing no preference. The LISAcath was considered potentially safer by 33 of 39 participants, with no votes for the Angiocath. Conclusion Overall, neonatologists preferred using the LISAcath rather than the Angiocath on a neonatal manikin.

Objective CHF5633 (Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy) is the first fully synthetic surfactant enriched by peptide analogues of two human surfactant proteins. We planned to assess safety and tolerability of CHF5633 and explore preliminary efficacy. Design Multicentre cohort study. Patients Forty infants from 27 +0 to 33 +6 weeks gestation with respiratory distress syndrome requiring fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) ≥0.35 were treated with a single dose of CHF5633 within 48 hours after birth. The first 20 received 100 mg/kg and the second 20 received 200 mg/kg. Outcome measures Adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were monitored with complications of prematurity considered AEs if occurring after dosing. Systemic absorption and immunogenicity were assessed. Efficacy was assessed by change in FiO 2 after dosing and need for poractant-alfa rescue. Results Rapid and sustained improvements in FiO 2 were observed in 39 (98%) infants. One responded neither to CHF5633 nor two poractant-alfa doses. A total of 79 AEs were experienced by 19 infants in the 100 mg/kg cohort and 53 AEs by 20 infants in the 200 mg/kg cohort. Most AEs were expected complications of prematurity. Two unrelated serious AEs occurred in the second cohort. One infant died of necrotising enterocolitis and another developed viralbronchiolitis after discharge. The single ADR was an episode of transient endotracheal tube obstruction following a 200 mg/kg dose. Neither systemic absorption, nor antibody development to either peptide was detected. Conclusions Both CHF5633 doses were well tolerated and showed promising clinical efficacy profile. These encouraging data provide a basis for ongoing randomised controlled trials. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01651637.

Introduction Le CHF6001 est un nouvel inhibiteur de PDE4, puissant et selectif administre a l’aide d’un inhalateur de poudre seche (NEXThaler®), qui a demontre sa securite et sa bonne tolerance chez le sujet sain [1] et chez les patients asthmatiques [2] . L’objectif de cette etude de phase IIb etait d’evaluer l’efficacite et la tolerance de differentes doses de CHF6001 chez des patients presentant une BPCO moderee a severe. Methodes Etude randomisee multicentrique en double aveugle, double placebo en groupes paralleles versus placebo et traitement actif d’une duree de 24 semaines chez des patients presentant une BPCO symptomatique moderee a severe (VEMS post-BD/CVF Resultats Au total, 1130 patients ont ete randomises et 92 % ont termine l’etude. Aucune difference n’a ete observee avec les differentes doses du CHF6001 par rapport au placebo en termes du VEMS pre-dose (critere principal). Des ameliorations cliniquement significatives ont ete observees entre S0 et S24 pour le score focal TDI (moyenne ajustee de 1,28 a 1,54 ; p Conclusion L’administration de differentes doses de CHF6001 en add-on a un traitement d’entretien par formoterol a permis de reduire le taux d’exacerbations moderees a severes versus placebo chez des patients BPCO avec une bronchite chronique au terme de 24 semaines de traitement.

BACKGROUND: CHF 6001 is under development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Good safety and tolerability of CHF 6001 was demonstrated up to 2000µg doses in healthy volunteers (HV) (1) . The aim of this study was to assess safety and tolerability of higher doses. METHODS: Three doses (2400, 4000 and 4800µg) of CHF 6001 were administered using NEXThaler ® , a proprietary multidose reservoir dry powder inhaler (DPI) to one cohort of 12 HV (9 active: 3 placebo) according to a randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled ascending design and to three cohorts of 12 HV each (9 active: 3 placebo), as a 2-week twice-daily, sequential dose escalation, parallel-group design. RESULTS: CHF 6001 was well tolerated. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Limited gastrointestinal (GI) AEs were reported: diarrhoea (n=1), abdominal pain (n=1), flatulence (n=1) and oral pain (n=1) out of 27 HV on CHF 6001 versus none out of 9 HV on placebo. CHF 6001 showed dose proportional systemic exposure (C max and AUC). Mean half-life (t 1/2 ) ranged from 40 to 49 h, the steady state was reached within 8 days of treatment with 6 fold higher exposure compared to the first administration. CONCLUSIONS: CHF 6001 was safe and tolerated at daily doses up to 4800µg for 14 days in HV. No significant GI intolerance was observed. CHF 6001 showed linear pharmacokinetics in the tested dose range. (1) O. Esposito et al. – ERS 2013 Poster Presentation.

CHF6001 is an inhaled phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor in development for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases. The efficacy and safety of CHF6001 were investigated in a double blind, placebo controlled, 3-way cross-over study using the allergen challenge model. Thirty-six atopic asthmatics who were not taking inhaled corticosteroids and who demonstrated a late asthmatic response (LAR) to inhaled allergen at screening were randomised to receive CHF6001 400 μg or 1200 μg or placebo administered once a day using a dry powder inhaler. The three treatment periods were 9 days; allergen challenges were performed on day 9 and induced sputum was obtained after 10 h from challenge. Washout periods between treatments were up to 5 weeks. Both CHF6001 doses significantly attenuated the LAR; the primary endpoint analysis showed that CHF6001 400 μg and 1200 μg caused reductions of 19.7% (p = 0.015) and 28.2% (p < 0.001) respectively of the weighted FEV1 AUC4-10h compared with placebo. The difference between the CHF6001 doses was not statistically significant (p = 0.223). Compared with placebo, CHF6001 caused greater reduction in sputum eosinophil counts, although these changes were not statistically significant. CHF6001 was well tolerated, with similar numbers of adverse events in each treatment period. This inhaled PDE4 inhibitor has the potential to provide clinical benefits in patients with atopic asthma.