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8 results on '"Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT)"'

1. Ecological dependencies make remote reef fish communities most vulnerable to coral loss

Author

Giovanni Strona, Pieter S. A. Beck, Mar Cabeza, Simone Fattorini, François Guilhaumon, Fiorenza Micheli, Simone Montano, Otso Ovaskainen, Serge Planes, Joseph A. Veech, Valeriano Parravicini, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hopkins Marine Station [Stanford], Stanford University, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Texas State University, ANR-17-CE32-0006,REEFLUX,Flux d'énergie au sein des récifs coralliens: une perspective basée sur les vertébrés(2017), Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Ecological Data Science, Global Change and Conservation Lab, Mar Cabeza-Jaimejuan / Principal Investigator, Biosciences, Otso Ovaskainen / Principal Investigator, Strona, G, Beck, P, Cabeza, M, Fattorini, S, Guilhaumon, F, Micheli, F, Montano, S, Ovaskainen, O, Planes, S, Veech, J, and Parravicini, V

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Richness, conservation biology, ekologiset verkostot, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Conservation of Natural Resource, Anthropogenic Effect, meriekologia, Patterns, 0303 health sciences, Diversity, Multidisciplinary, Conservation biology, Coral Reefs, Anthropogenic Effects, Climate-change ecology, Fishes, Biodiversity, Anthozoa, Habitat, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Coral Reef, Human, climate-change ecology, Conservation of Natural Resources, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Science, Climate Change, Biotic interactions, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, koralliriutat, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Coral Bleaching, Humans, Spatial Analysis, Food-web, ecological networks, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, Animal, kalakannat, General Chemistry, Disturbance, Spatial Analysi, ilmastonmuutokset, 15. Life on land, biodiversiteetti, 13. Climate action, Ecological networks, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Fishe
Abstract

Ecosystems face both local hazards, such as over-exploitation, and global hazards, such as climate change. Since the impact of local hazards attenuates with distance from humans, local extinction risk should decrease with remoteness, making faraway areas safe havens for biodiversity. However, isolation and reduced anthropogenic disturbance may increase ecological specialization in remote communities, and hence their vulnerability to secondary effects of diversity loss propagating through networks of interacting species. We show this to be true for reef fish communities across the globe. An increase in fish-coral dependency with the distance of coral reefs from human settlements, paired with the far-reaching impacts of global hazards, increases the risk of fish species loss, counteracting the benefits of remoteness. Hotspots of fish risk from fish-coral dependency are distinct from those caused by direct human impacts, increasing the number of risk hotspots by ~30% globally. These findings might apply to other ecosystems on Earth and depict a world where no place, no matter how remote, is safe for biodiversity, calling for a reconsideration of global conservation priorities., Coral reefs face both local and global stressors. Here, the authors show how a positive relationship between distance from human settlements and ecological specialisation makes remote coral reef fish communities more vulnerable to coral loss.

Published
2021
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2. Holocene dust in East Antarctica: Provenance and variability in time and space

Author

Delmonte B.[1], Winton H.[2, Baroni M.[4], Baccolo G.[1], Hansson M.[5], Andersson P.[6], Baroni C.[7, Salvatore M.C.[7, Lanci L.[9], Maggi V.[1], Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), SYNTHESYS project [SE-TAF-5636], 'Friends of the Museum' Grant, Franco-Italian project SOLARICE [IPEV1145, PNRA16_00008], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Delmonte, B, Winton, H, Baroni, M, Baccolo, G, Hansson, M, Andersson, P, Baroni, C, Salvatore, M, Lanci, L, and Maggi, V

Subjects
Archeology, Provenance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ice cores, provenance, Flux, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, dust stratigraphy, Ice core, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, dust, East Antarctica, Ecology, Spacetime, Paleontology, East antarctica, Physical geography, ice core, Geology
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-knowledge of dust flux and variability in time and space in different sectors of East Antarctica during the Holocene. By integrating the literature data with new evidences, we discuss the dust flux and grain-size variability during the current interglacial and its provenance in the innermost part of the East Antarctic plateau as well as in peripheral regions located close to the Transantarctic Mountains. The local importance of aeolian mineral dust aerosol deflated from low-elevation areas of peripheral East Antarctica is also discussed in the light of new data from several coastal, low-elevation sites.

Published
2019
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3. Multiple sources for tephra from AD 1259 volcanic signal in Antarctic ice cores

Author

Biancamaria Narcisi, Joel Savarino, Barbara Delmonte, V. G. Batanova, Jean-Robert Petit, Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Narcisi, B, Petit, J, Delmonte, B, Batanova, V, Savarino, J, CLIPS, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Narcisi, B., Petit, J. R., Delmonte, B., Batanova, V., Savarino, J., and Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI)

Subjects
Volcanic isochron, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice core, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Tephra, Samalas AD 1257 eruption, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ice cores, tephra, cryptotephra, Antarctica, volcanic isochron, Samalas AD 1257 eruption, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Vulcanian eruption, Cryptotephra, Glass shard microanalysis, Geology, Volcanic glass, Spatial heterogeneity, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Ice cores, Antarctica, Polar, Glass shard microanalysi, Ice sheet, Antarctic rifting volcanism
Abstract

Strong volcanic signals simultaneously recorded in polar ice sheets are commonly assigned to major low-latitude eruptions that dispersed large quantities of aerosols in the global atmosphere with the potential of inducing climate perturbations. Parent eruptions responsible for specific events are typically deduced from matching to a known volcanic eruption having coincidental date. However, more robust source linkage can be achieved only through geochemical characterisation of the airborne volcanic glass products (tephra) sometimes preserved in the polar strata. We analysed fine-grained tephra particles extracted from layers of the AD 1259 major bipolar volcanic signal in four East Antarctic ice cores drilled in different widely-spaced locations on the Antarctic Plateau. The very large database of glass-shard geochemistry combined with grain size analyses consistently indicate that the material was sourced from multiple distinct eruptions. These are the AD 1257 mega-eruption of Samalas volcano in Indonesia, recently proposed to be the single event responsible for the polar signal, as well as a newly-identified Antarctic eruption, which occurred in northern Victoria Land in AD 1259. Finally, a further eruption that took place somewhere outside of Antarctica has also contributed to tephra deposition. Our high-resolution, multiple-site approach was critical for revealing spatial heterogeneity of tephra at the continental scale. Evidence from ice-core tephra indicates recurrent explosive activity at the Antarctic volcanoes and could have implications for improved reconstruction of post-volcanic effects on climate from proxy polar records.

Published
2019
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4. Computation of extreme heat waves in climate models using a large deviation algorithm

Author

Francesco Ragone, Freddy Bouchet, Jeroen Wouters, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), School of Mathematics and statistics [Sydney], The University of Sydney, Meteorologisches Institut [Hamburg], Universität Hamburg (UHH), Axa Research Fund, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Heat waves, Range (statistics), Large deviation theory, Physics, Multidisciplinary, environmental impact assessment, quantitative analysis, Event (computing), dynamics, Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), simulation, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, climate change, Climate extremes, priority journal, Physical Sciences, environmental temperature, Algorithm, Physics - Computational Physics, sampling, Asia, extreme heat wave, Meteorology, Computation, meteorological phenomena, Rare event algorithms, FOS: Physical sciences, Climate change, Article, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Climate extreme events, 0103 physical sciences, Rare events, controlled study, 010306 general physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], calculation, algorithm, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, 13. Climate action, [NLIN.NLIN-CD]Nonlinear Sciences [physics]/Chaotic Dynamics [nlin.CD], Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), North America, Large deviations theory, Climate model, Statistical physics, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD), mathematical model, Teleconnection
Abstract

Studying extreme events and how they evolve in a changing climate is one of the most important current scientific challenges. Starting from complex climate models, a key difficulty is to be able to run long enough simulations in order to observe those extremely rare events. In physics, chemistry, and biology, rare event algorithms have recently been developed to compute probabilities of events that cannot be observed in direct numerical simulations. Here we propose such an algorithm, specifically designed for extreme heat or cold waves, based on statistical physics approaches. This gives an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude in the sampling efficiency. We describe the dynamics of events that would not be observed otherwise. We show that European extreme heat waves are related to a global teleconnection pattern involving North America and Asia. This tool opens a full range of studies, so far impossible, aimed at assessing quantitatively climate change impacts., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2017)

Published
2017
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5. Causes of dust size variability in central East Antarctica (Dome B): Atmospheric transport from expanded South American sources during Marine Isotope Stage 2

Author

Carlo Baroni, Sergio Andò, Jean-Robert Petit, Xavier Crosta, Maria Cristina Salvatore, Per Andersson, Biancamaria Narcisi, Chiara Ileana Paleari, Valter Maggi, Barbara Delmonte, Eduardo Garzanti, Giovanni Baccolo, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ente per le Nuove Technologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA), Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Narcisi, B., Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Delmonte, B, Paleari, C, Ando', S, Garzanti, E, Andersson, P, Petit, J, Crosta, X, Narcisi, B, Baroni, C, Salvatore, M, Baccolo, G, and Maggi, V

Subjects
Marine isotope stage, Archeology, Provenance, Climate Research, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice core, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Quaternary, Paleoclimatology, Antarctica, Ice cores, Dust, Provenance, Marine isotope stage 2, Micron-size particle, Raman, mineralogy, Klimatforskning, Quaternary, Paleontology, Marine isotope stage 2, Dust, Antarctica, Paleoclimatology, Ice cores, Micron-size particle Raman mineralogy, Glacial period, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plateau, Continental shelf, Geology, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Outwash plain, Sr and Nd isotopes, dust, Antarctic ice cores
Abstract

International audience; Marine isotope stage 2 Micron-size particle Raman mineralogy a b s t r a c t We here investigate the spatial and temporal variability of eolian dust particle sorting recorded in the Dome B (77 05 0 S, 94 55' E) ice core, central East Antarctica, during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2. We address the question whether such changes reflect variable transport pathways from a unique source area or rather a variable apportionment from diverse Southern Hemisphere sources transported at different elevation in the troposphere. The Sr-Nd radiogenic isotope composition of glacial dust samples as well as single-particle Raman mineralogy support the hypothesis of a single dust provenance both for coarse and fine mode dust events at Dome B. The southern South American provenance of glacial dust in Antarctica deduced from these results indicate a dust composition coherent with a mixture of volcanic material and minerals derived from metamorphic and plutonic rocks. Additionally, Dome B glacial samples contain aragonite particles along with diatom valves of marine benthic/epiphytic species and freshwater species living today in the northern Antarctic Peninsula and southern South America. These data suggest contribution from the exposed Patagonian continental shelf and glacial outwash plains of southern Patagonia at the time when sea level reached its minimum. Our results confirm that dust sorting is controlled by the relative intensity of the two main patterns of tropospheric dust transport onto the inner Plateau, i.e. fast low-level advection and long-range high-altitude transport including air subsidence over Antarctica.

Published
2017
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6. Large area fabrication of self-standing nanoporous graphene-on-PMMA substrate

Author

Benjamin Madon, Giancarlo Rizza, Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares, Fabrizio Pirri, Rita Rizzoli, J.-E. Wegrowe, Marcos J.P. Alves, M.-C. Clochard, Stefano Bianco, Vittorio Morandi, Meganne Christian, Luca Ortolani, Vincenzo Palermo, Giuseppe Melilli, Marco Sangermano, Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LSI - Physique et Chimie des nano-objets (PCN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (GSI), Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi [Bologna] (IMM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ISOF-CNR, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems [Bologna] (IMM), Department of Applied Science and Technology [Politecnico di Torino] (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT), and Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI)

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Magneto-resistance, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Graphene transfer, General Materials Science, Raman, Graphene oxide paper, Nanoporous, Graphene, Mechanical Engineering, Graphene foam, graphene, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Nanoporous graphene, Nanopore, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, membranes, Materials Science (all), Mechanics of Materials, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics), Graphene nanoribbons
Abstract

International audience; We report a new fabrication strategy to obtain large area continuous NPGs-on-substrate combining graphene-on-substrate industrial techniques and swift-ion beam irradiation (SHI). Graphene membranes were synthesized on the Cu substrate and afterwards a 600 nm layer of PMMA was spin-coated on the surface to complete the PMMA-Graphene-Cu stack. The PMMA-graphene-Cu trilayer was exposed to a flow of Au heavy ions that penetrate through the entire thickness of both polymer layer and the graphene sheet creating ion-tracks and damages. A consecutive track-etching technique is used with an adequate revealing agent for PMMA, IsoPropyl Alcohol (IPA), to selectively dissolve the latent tracks and damages created during SHI irradiation in the insulating material and the graphene sheet. Resulting from SHI irradiation and track-etching, the graphene nanopores are thus perfectly aligned to the PMMA nanopores, providing, after cupper dissolution, a composite that features both well-defined and truly 2-dimensional nanopores in the graphene layer but that can be handled as a normal polymer film.

Published
2016
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7. Distribution of fossil marine vertebrates in Cerro Colorado, the type locality of the giant raptorial sperm whale Livyatan melvillei (Miocene, Pisco Formation, Peru)

Author

Bianucci, G, DI CELMA, Claudio Nicola, Landini, W, Post, K, Tinelli, C, de Muizon, C, Gariboldi, K, Malinverno, E, Cantalamessa, Gino, Gioncada, A, Collareta, A, Salas Gismondi, R, Varas, R, Stucchi, M, Urbina, M, Lambert, O., Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Pisa], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), Museo de Historia Natural de Lima (MHN), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Bianucci, G, Di Celma, C, Landini, W, Post, K, Tinelli, C, de Muizon, C, Gariboldi, K, Malinverno, E, Cantalamessa, G, Gioncada, A, Collareta, A, Gismondi, R, Varas Malca, R, Urbina, M, Lambert, O, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT), and Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, paleontological heritage, Geography, Planning and Development, Peru # 2015 Giovanni Bianucci, Late Miocene, GEO/01 - PALEONTOLOGIA E PALEOECOLOGIA, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Unconformity, Paleontology, Raptorial, Sperm whale, Peru, Stratigraphic section, Pisco Formation, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, fossil, biology, marine vertebrates, fossils, Miocene, Geologic map, biology.organism_classification, marine vertebrate, Type locality, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology
Abstract

International audience; Hundreds of fossil marine vertebrates cropping out at Cerro Colorado (Pisco Basin, Peru) are identified and reported on a 1:6500 scale geological map and in a joined stratigraphic section. All the fossils are from the lower strata of the Pisco Formation, dated in this area to the late middle or early late Miocene. They are particularly concentrated (88%) in the stratigraphic interval from 40 to 75 m above the unconformity with the underlying Chilcatay Formation. The impressive fossil assemblage includes more than 300 specimens preserved as bone elements belonging mostly to cetaceans (81%), represented by mysticetes (cetotheriids and balaenopteroids) and odontocetes (kentriodontid-like delphinidans, pontoporiids, ziphiids, and physeteroids, including the giant raptorial sperm whale Livyatan melvillei). Seals, crocodiles, sea turtles, seabirds, bony fish, and sharks are also reported. Isolated large teeth of Carcharocles and Cosmopolitodus are common throughout the investigated stratigraphical interval, whereas other shark teeth, mostly of carcharinids, are concentrated in one sandy interval. This work represents a first detailed census of the extraordinary paleontological heritage of the Pisco Basin and the basis for future taphonomic, paleoecological, and systematic studies, as well as a much needed conservation effort for this extremely rich paleontological site.

Published
2016
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8. Retrieving the paleoclimatic signal from the deeper part of the EPICA Dome C ice core

Author

Margareta Hansson, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Amaelle Landais, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, G. Dreyfus, J. M. Barnola, Denis Samyn, Geoffroy Durand, Barbara Stenni, K. Pol, Adrian Schilt, Geneviève C Littot, M. de Angelis, Jean-Louis Tison, Eric W. Wolff, Roberto Udisti, Barbara Delmonte, L. Loulergue, Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov, Hubertus Fischer, Jean Jouzel, Sigfus J Johnsen, Renato Spahni, Jean-Robert Petit, Bernhard Bereiter, Anna Wegner, Reginald Lorrain, Matthias Bigler, Roland Souchez, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], University of Stockolm, Chemistry Department, University of Florence (UNIFI), Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Ca' Foscari, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Climate Change Policy and Technology Fellow with the US Department of Energy Office of Policy and International Affairs, Nagaoka University of Technology, Wolff, Eric [0000-0002-5914-8531], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Tison, J, de Angelis, M, Littot, G, Wolff, E, Fischer, H, Hansson, M, Bigler, M, Udisti, R, Wegner, A, Jouzel, J, Stenni, B, Johnsen, S, Masson Delmotte, V, Landais, A, Lipenkov, V, Loulergue, L, Barnola, J, Petit, J, Delmonte, B, Dreyfus, G, Dahl Jensen, D, Durand, G, Bereiter, B, Schilt, A, Spahni, R, Pol, K, Lorrain, R, Souchez, R, and Samyn, D

Subjects
Water Science and Technology, Earth-Surface Processes, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, PAST 800,000 YEARS, BASAL ICE, CENTRAL GREENLAND, EAST ANTARCTICA, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, MILLENNIAL-SCALE, ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION, DEBRIS ENTRAINMENT, GAS-COMPOSITION, DEBRIS ENTRAINMENT, sub-01, Ice stream, CENTRAL GREENLAND, 3705 Geology, Antarctic sea ice, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, 000 YEARS, ice cores, Antarctica, Paleoclimate, BASAL ICE, Meteorology and Climatology, Ice core, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, Sea ice, Ice divide, Petrology, Geomorphology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, geography.geographical_feature_category, EAST ANTARCTICA, Géologie et minéralogie, European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, lcsh:QE1-996.5, PAST 800, 37 Earth Sciences, MILLENNIAL-SCALE, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, GAS-COMPOSITION, lcsh:Geology, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, théorie et applications [Econométrie et méthodes statistiques], Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract

An important share of paleoclimatic information is buried within the lowermost layers of deep ice cores. Because improving our records further back in time is one of the main challenges in the near future, it is essential to judge how deep these records remain unaltered, since the proximity of the bedrock is likely to interfere both with the recorded temporal sequence and the ice properties. In this paper, we present a multiparametric study (δD-δ18Oice, δ18Oatm, total air content, CO2, CH4, N2O, dust, high-resolution chemistry, ice texture) of the bottom 60 m of the EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome C ice core from central Antarctica. These bottom layers were subdivided into two distinct facies: the lower 12 m showing visible solid inclusions (basal dispersed ice facies) and the upper 48 m, which we will refer to as the "basal clean ice facies". Some of the data are consistent with a pristine paleoclimatic signal, others show clear anomalies. It is demonstrated that neither large-scale bottom refreezing of subglacial water, nor mixing (be it internal or with a local basal end term from a previous/initial ice sheet configuration) can explain the observed bottom-ice properties. We focus on the high-resolution chemical profiles and on the available remote sensing data on the subglacial topography of the site to propose a mechanism by which relative stretching of the bottom-ice sheet layers is made possible, due to the progressively confining effect of subglacial valley sides. This stress field change, combined with bottom-ice temperature close to the pressure melting point, induces accelerated migration recrystallization, which results in spatial chemical sorting of the impurities, depending on their state (dissolved vs. solid) and if they are involved or not in salt formation. This chemical sorting effect is responsible for the progressive build-up of the visible solid aggregates that therefore mainly originate "from within", and not from incorporation processes of debris from the ice sheet's substrate. We further discuss how the proposed mechanism is compatible with the other ice properties described. We conclude that the paleoclimatic signal is only marginally affected in terms of global ice properties at the bottom of EPICA Dome C, but that the timescale was considerably distorted by mechanical stretching of MIS20 due to the increasing influence of the subglacial topography, a process that might have started well above the bottom ice. A clear paleoclimatic signal can therefore not be inferred from the deeper part of the EPICA Dome C ice core. Our work suggests that the existence of a flat monotonic ice-bedrock interface, extending for several times the ice thickness, would be a crucial factor in choosing a future "oldest ice" drilling location in Antarctica., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015
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