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Hypoxylon vinosopulvinatum DYR-1-7 is a endophytic fungus isolated from the Cinnamomum cassia Presl and has an inhibitory effect on Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. Three new furanones, hypoxylonone A-C (1-3), as well as three known compounds (4-6), were isolated from an EtOAc extract of H. vinosopulvinatum DYR-1-7. The structures were determined by spectroscopic data analysis using UV, IR, 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were elucidated by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. In the antifungal bioassay, Hypoxylonone B and C exhibited strong inhibitory effects on L. pseudotheobromae with IC50 value at the concentration of 1.01 and 2.40 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 6 showed medium antifungal activity with IC50 value at the concentration of 10.67 μg/mL on Fusarium oxysporum. Compounds 3 and 4 displayed medium antifungul effects on Candida albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canna glauca, an ornamental plant widely cultivated in aquatic habitats, is notable for its long florescence and showy flowers. The flower of this species is distinguished by its petaloid staminodes, which comprise the majority of the overall floral display. Flavonoids have been reported to be the predominant pigment groups that determine most flower colors. However, the influence of flavonoid metabolic pathways on the flower color of C. glauca remains to be investigated. In this study, comprehensive floral transcriptomes and metabolite profiles of the wild type (yellow flower) and 'Erebus' cultivar (pink flower) of C. glauca were analyzed. We identified 432 flavonoid metabolites, including 20 anthocyanins. 'Erebus' accumulated higher levels of 18 anthocyanins than the wild type, including 10 cyanidins, 4 pelargonidins, and 4 peonidins. The wild type accumulated higher levels of two malvidins. Through the joint analysis of transcriptomics and metabonomics, we observed a notable association between the expression of three DEGs and eleven anthocyanin levels. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression patterns of key genes that determine flavonoid biosynthesis, such as CHS, CHI, F3′H, and DFR. These findings provide enlightenment on the anthocyanin accumulation of Canna glauca, serving as a basis for exploring biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying flower coloration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the low fluidity caused by the high viscosity of viscous oil, a rational construction of emulsifiers with in situ heating function is highly desirable to power a high-viscosity oil emulsification process. Herein, we demonstrate a novel composite phase change material (PCM) with the dual functions of photothermal and magnetic-thermal conversion to realize the efficient Pickering emulsification of viscous oil. The superior photo/magnetic-thermal response characteristics together with its excellent energy storage and heat release properties endow the designed composite PCM with a good viscosity reduction capacity, thus greatly promoting the emulsification of viscous oil. Owing to the polydopamine (PDA) and Fe3O4 coating, the temperature of functionalized composite PCMs could rapidly reach 80.9 °C and 68.5 °C under simulated sunlight illumination and an alternating magnetic field, respectively. The viscosity of crude oil can be significantly reduced when it comes into contact with heated materials. Most importantly, due to the encapsulation of PEG, the slow release of the stored heat ensured a sustained reduction in the viscosity of the oil over a considerable period of time and greatly improved the energy utilization efficiency simultaneously. Overall, the rationally designed multifunctional composite PCM with both in situ heating characteristics and Pickering emulsification properties provides a new solution for the emulsification of high-viscosity oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removing spilled oil from the water surface is critically important given that oil spill accidents are a common occurrence. In this study, TiO2@Palygorskite composite prepared by a simple coprecipitation method was used for oil spill remediation via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy. Diesel could be efficiently dispersed into small oil droplets by TiO2@Palygorskite. These dispersed droplets had an average diameter of 20–30 µm and exhibited good time stability. The tight adsorption of TiO2@Palygorskite on the surface of the droplets was observed in fluorescence and SEM images. As a particulate dispersant, the direct contact of TiO2@Palygorskite with oil pollutants effectively enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of TiO2 for oil. During the photodegradation process, ·O2− and •OH were detected by ESR and radical trapping experiments. The photodegradation efficiency of diesel by TiO2@Palygorskite was enhanced by about 5 times compared with pure TiO2 under simulated sunlight irradiation. The establishment of this new dispersion-photodegradation synergistic remediation system provides a new direction for the development of marine oil spill remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor sorption capacity and low biodegradability of carbamazepine (CBZ) lead to the difficulties in CBZ removal from water. Sulfate radical‐based advanced oxidation process shows great potential for organic pollutant removal. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) demonstrate great potential in catalytic field due to their excellent properties. Hence, cobalt‐based metal organic framework (ZIF‐67) nanoparticles are loaded on Fe3O4‐MnO2 composite, and then this composite is applied as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for CBZ degradation. The prepared catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance because of the central metal cobalt of ZIF‐67 and the synergistic effect between MnO2 and ZIF‐67. 81% of CBZ with a high initial concentration of 20 mg L−1 is rapidly removed from water within 2.5 min. The prepared catalyst can be convenient to recycle under magnetic field while maintaining its high catalytic stability. Degradation mechanism analysis indicates that both •OH and SO4•− contribute to CBZ degradation, but SO4•− is the main radical species. XPS spectra reveal that Co(II)/Co(III), Mn(II)/Mn(III)/Mn(IV), and Fe(II)/Fe(III) are involved in PMS activation. The degradation pathway is put forward based on the detection of intermediates. This study provides a new inspiration for the fabrication of magnetic metal oxide‐MOFs catalysts with outstanding recycling performance for PMS activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]